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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Swart+mense" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Swart+mense" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Swart+mense" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Swart+mense" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Afrika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Afrika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Afrika subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Noord-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noord-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Noord-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noord-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suid-Afrika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suid-Afrika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Asië</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Asië-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Asië subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Asië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wes-_Asië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wes-_Asië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Wes- Asië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wes-_Asië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arabiese_Skiereiland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arabiese_Skiereiland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Arabiese Skiereiland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arabiese_Skiereiland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turkye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turkye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Turkye</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turkye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suid-Asië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suid-Asië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Suid-Asië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suid-Asië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suidoos-Asië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suidoos-Asië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Suidoos-Asië</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suidoos-Asië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Europa</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Europa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Europa subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wes-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wes-Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Wes-Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wes-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spanje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Spanje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verenigde_Koninkryk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verenigde_Koninkryk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Verenigde Koninkryk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verenigde_Koninkryk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankryk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankryk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Frankryk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankryk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nederland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nederland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Nederland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nederland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oos-Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oos-Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Oos-Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oos-Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Swart mense</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 58 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF" title="عرق أسود – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عرق أسود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negru_(persona)" title="Negru (persona) – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Negru (persona)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarad%C9%99rilil%C9%99r" title="Qaradərililər – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaradərililər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قارا اینسانلار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قارا اینسانلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negr%C4%81" title="Negrā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Negrā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AC-c%E1%B9%B3%CC%84ng-n%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ŭ-cṳ̄ng-nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katawhang_itom" title="Katawhang itom – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katawhang itom" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ڕەشپێست – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕەشپێست" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pobl_dduon" title="Pobl dduon – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pobl dduon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarze" title="Schwarze – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schwarze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B7_%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Μαύρη φυλή – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαύρη φυλή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Black people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrulo" title="Nigrulo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nigrulo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negro_(persona)" title="Negro (persona) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Negro (persona)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustanahalised" title="Mustanahalised – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mustanahalised" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beltz_(pertsona)" title="Beltz (pertsona) – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Beltz (pertsona)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سیاه‌پوست – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیاه‌پوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustat" title="Mustat – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mustat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niigriq" title="Niigriq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Niigriq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noir_(humain)" title="Noir (humain) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Noir (humain)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoine_gorma" title="Daoine gorma – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Daoine gorma" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="黑人 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="黑人" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar_fata" title="Bakar fata – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bakar fata" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A8" title="האדם השחור – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האדם השחור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwa_(moun)" title="Nwa (moun) – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Nwa (moun)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gerek" title="Négerek – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Négerek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_kulit_hitam" title="Orang kulit hitam – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang kulit hitam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%92%E4%BA%BA" title="黒人 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黒人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1dyundyung_%C3%A1%CC%B1niet" title="A̱dyundyung á̱niet – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱dyundyung á̱niet" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%9D%B8" title="흑인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="흑인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%AAn_re%C5%9F" title="Kesên reş – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kesên reş" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigricolores" title="Nigricolores – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nigricolores" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negher_(persona)" title="Negher (persona) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Negher (persona)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%ADndo_(moto)" title="Moíndo (moto) – Lingaals" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moíndo (moto)" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juodaod%C5%BEiai" title="Juodaodžiai – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Juodaodžiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Црнци – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црнци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="سیوئون – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سیوئون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwarten" title="Zwarten – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zwarten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathobaso" title="Bathobaso – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Bathobaso" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negre_(uman)" title="Negre (uman) – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Negre (uman)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%87_%D8%AE%D9%84%DA%A9" title="تور رنګه خلک – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تور رنګه خلک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros" title="Negros – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Negros" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Чёрные (расовая классификация) – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чёрные (расовая классификация)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crnci" title="Crnci – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Crnci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="කළු ජනතාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කළු ජනතාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Black people" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Црнци – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Црнци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watu_weusi" title="Watu weusi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Watu weusi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="கறுப்பின மக்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கறுப்பின மக்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batho_bantsho" title="Batho bantsho – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Batho bantsho" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyahiler" title="Siyahiler – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Siyahiler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B1" title="قارا تەنلىكلەر – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قارا تەنلىكلەر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_da_%C4%91en" title="Người da đen – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người da đen" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="黑人 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="黑人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%A2" title="שווארצע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שווארצע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="黑人 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BA%BA" title="黑人 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黑人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abantu_abansundu" title="Abantu abansundu – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Abantu abansundu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q817393#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Swart_mense" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&action=edit" title="Hierdie bladsy is beskerm. U kan die bronteks besigtig. [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wys bronteks</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Swart_mense"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&action=edit"><span>Wys bronteks</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Swart_mense" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Swart_mense" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&oldid=2704386" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Swart_mense&id=2704386&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSwart_mense"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSwart_mense"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Swart+mense"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Swart_mense&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swart_mense&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People_of_Black_African_descent" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q817393" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:AfricanAmericans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg/220px-AfricanAmericans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg/330px-AfricanAmericans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AfricanAmericans.jpg/440px-AfricanAmericans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="412" /></a><figcaption>Bekende swart mense van die VSA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Children_in_Namibia(1_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg/220px-Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg/440px-Children_in_Namibia%281_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1353" data-file-height="1003" /></a><figcaption>Swart kinders in <a href="/wiki/Namibi%C3%AB" title="Namibië">Namibië</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Swart mense</b> is 'n term wat in sekere lande gebruik word, dikwels in sosiaal gegronde stelsels van rasse-klassifikasie of etnisiteit, om <a href="/wiki/Mens" title="Mens">mense</a> met donker gelaatstrekke te beskryf teenoor ander <a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">bevolkingsgroepe</a>. Die betekenis van die uitdrukking verskil ook baie wyd, beide tussen en in gemeenskappe, en hang baie af van konteks. Vir baie ander indiwidue, gemeenskappe en lande word "swart" as 'n neerhalende, uitgediende, of andersins as 'n onverteenwoordigende etiket beskou, en word dit gevolglik nie gebruik of gedefinieer nie. </p><p>Verskillende gemeenskappe pas verskillende kriteria toe van wie word as "swart" geklassifiseer, en hierdie sosiale verskille het ook deur die jare verander. In 'n aantal lande beïnvloed maatskaplike veranderlikes klassifikasie net soveel as die kleur van iemand se vel, en die sosiale kriteria vir "swartheid" wissel. Byvoorbeeld in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> is die term swart mense nie noodwendig 'n aanduiding van 'n persoon se velkleur of sy etnisiteit nie, maar is eerder 'n sosiaalgegronde rasse-klassifikasie wat verband hou daarmee of die indiwidu 'n Afro-Amerikaner is met geskiedenis wat met die geïnstitusionaliseerde slawerny vereenselwig kan word. In <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</a> en <a href="/wiki/Latyns-Amerika" title="Latyns-Amerika">Latyns-Amerika</a> word daar nie noodwendig na gemengde rasse as "swart" gekyk nie. In ander streke soos <a href="/wiki/Australasi%C3%AB" title="Australasië">Australasië</a> het setlaars die term "swart" gebruik, Andersins was dit ook deur die plaaslike bevolking met die verskillende geskiedkundige agtergrond en verskillende voorvaderlike agtergrond gebruik om te identifiseer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Afrika">Afrika</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Noord-Afrika">Noord-Afrika</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Egyptian_races.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Egyptian_races.jpg/220px-Egyptian_races.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Egyptian_races.jpg/330px-Egyptian_races.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Egyptian_races.jpg 2x" data-file-width="435" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>'n 1820-tekening van 'n <a href="/wiki/Boek_van_Poorte" title="Boek van Poorte">Boek van Poorte</a>-fresco van die graf van Seti I, wat van links af, vier groepe mense uitbeeld: 'n Libiër (<a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>), 'n <a href="/wiki/Nubi%C3%AB" title="Nubië">Nubiër</a> ("Nehesu"), 'n <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asiër</a> ("Aamu") en 'n <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egiptenaar</a> ("Reth")</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16,_Griechenland,_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-177-1465-16%2C_Griechenland%2C_Soldaten_der_%22Legion_Freies_Arabien%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Soldate van die Vrye Arabiese Legioen in Griekeland, September 1943.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> het eers met <a href="/wiki/Mauritani%C3%AB" title="Mauritanië">Mauritanië</a> geskakel voordat dele van die gebied later deur die Romeine oorgeneem is. Mauritanië was gedurende die klassieke periode 'n staat wat die moderne <a href="/wiki/Marokko" title="Marokko">Marokko</a>, die westelike deel van <a href="/wiki/Algeri%C3%AB" title="Algerië">Algerië</a> en die Spaanse stede van <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> en <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> ingesluit het. Die mense van die streek word in die klassieke literatuur na verwys as die Mauri wat later na Moors in Engels ontwikkel het.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Daar is talle gemeenskappe met donker velle in Noord-Afrika, van wie sommiges terugdateer na die prehistoriese samelewings. Ander is afstammelinge van die historiese Trans-Sahara-mensehandel, en/of, nakomelinge van die Arabiese invalle van die 17de eeu, nasate van slawe van die Arabiese slawehandel in Noord-Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-biomedcentral.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-biomedcentral.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In die 18de eeu het die Marokkaanse sultan Moulay Ismail, die "Bloeddorstige" (1672–1727) vir hom 'n korps van 150 000 slawe opgelei, sy Swart Wag, om die land en sy mense onderdanig te hou.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Volgens Dr Carlos Moore van Brasilië se universiteit in die staat Bahia, het die Afro-veelrassiges, insluitende die Arabiere van Noord-Afrika, in die 21ste eeu hulself in dieselfde lig beskou as die veelrassiges in Latyns-Amerika. Hy het gevind dat Arabiere wat swart lyk, baie soos die Latyns-Amerikaners wat ook swart gelaatstrekke het, beskou hulself wit op grond van hul blanke voorsate uit hul verre verlede.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die voormalige Egipiese president <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> se ma was 'n donker Nubiese Soedannese vrou, en sy pa 'n Egiptenaar met ligte gelaatstrekke. In antwoord op 'n advertensie vir 'n rol as 'n toneelspeler, het die jong Sadat homself so beskryf: "Ek is nie wit nie, maar ek is ook nie regtig swart nie. My swartheid neig om rooierig te wees".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As gevolg van die patriargale aard van die Arabiese samelewing, het Arabiese mans, insluitende in die dae van die slawehandel in Noord-Afrika, meer vroue as mans as slawe gebruik. Hulle het meer slavinne as mans vir huishoudelike en landbouwerk gebruik. Die mans glo die <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> bied 'n slawemeester toestemming vir 'n seksuele verhouding met 'n slavin buite die huweliksverband. Dit het tot baie veelrassige kinders gelei. Wanneer 'n slawin by haar Arabiese meester swanger raak word sy as <i>umm walad</i> of "moeder van 'n kind" gesien, 'n status wat haar voorregte laat geniet. Die kind mag erf by sy vader, so veelrassige kinders mag in al die rykdomme van sy vader deel.<sup id="cite_ref-hunwick_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunwick-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aangesien die gemeenskap patriliniêr is ontvang die kind sy vader se sosiale status by geboorte en word dus vry gebore. </p><p>Sommiges het selfs hul vaders as heersers opgevolg. Soos byvoorbeeld het sultan Ahmad al-Mansur van 1578 tot 1608 oor Marokko geheers. Hy was tegnies nie as 'n veelrassige slawekind gereken nie want sy ma was 'n <a href="/wiki/Fula_(volk)" title="Fula (volk)">Fulani</a> en 'n bywyf van sy vader.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrika</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Nelson_Mandela-2008_(edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/220px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/330px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg/440px-Nelson_Mandela-2008_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="657" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, 'n <a href="/wiki/Xhosas" title="Xhosas">Xhosa</a>, het die ANC se vryheidstryd teen <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> in Suid-Afrika gelei.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Suid-Afrika was daar gedurende kolonialisme baie verhoudings tussen Europese mans en <a href="/wiki/Bantoevolke" title="Bantoevolke">Bantoe</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Khoisan" title="Khoisan">Khoisan</a>-vroue wat kinders met gemengde ras voortgebring het. Namate die Europese setlaars beheer oor die gebied gekry het, is die veelrassige kinders verstoot en na tweedeklasstatus verlaag. In die middel van die 20ste eeu het die regering die bevolking in vier rasgroepe verdeel: swart, wit, Asiër (hoofsaaklik Indiërs) en <a href="/wiki/Kleurling" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleurling">Kleurlinge</a>. Die Kleurlinge sluit in die gemengde Bantoe, Khoisan en Europese nasate (met Maleier-afstammelinge – veral in die <a href="/wiki/Wes-Kaap" title="Wes-Kaap">Wes-Kaap</a>). </p><p>Gedurende die apartheidsera is diegene wat as Kleurlinge geklassifiseer is, onderdruk en teen gediskrimineer. Hulle het egter meer regte geniet en 'n ietwat beter sosiaal-ekonomiese lewe geniet as die burgers wat as swartes geklassifiseer is. Die regering het vereis dat die Kleurlinge en die swartes in afsonderlike <a href="/wiki/Voorstad" title="Voorstad">woongebiede</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Witmense" class="mw-redirect" title="Witmense">wittes</a> woon. </p><p>Behalwe hul voorkoms, kan Kleurlinge weens hul taal van swarte mense onderskei word. Die meeste van hulle praat <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> of Engels vlot as eerste taal.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Asië"><span id="Asi.C3.AB"></span>Asië</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wes-_Asië"><span id="Wes-_Asi.C3.AB"></span>Wes- Asië</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arabiese_Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bilal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bilal.jpg/220px-Bilal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bilal.jpg/330px-Bilal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Bilal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="718" /></a><figcaption>Bilal ibn Rabah (bo-op die <a href="/wiki/Ka%C3%A4ba" title="Kaäba">Kaäba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekka</a>) was 'n voormalige Ethiopiese slaaf en die eerste muezzin, ca. 630.</figcaption></figure> <p>Geskiedkundiges raam dat tussen die geboorte van <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> en die afskaffing van slaweny in die middel-20ste eeu in die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a> ,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is tussen 10 tot 18 miljoen swart Afrikane (wat bekend was as die Zanj) deur Arabiese slawehandelaars na die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a> en naburige state verskeep.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit is by verre baie meer as die aantal slawe wat na die Amerikas geneem was. Daar is verskeie faktore wat die slawe se nasate in die 21ste eeu Arabiese gemeenskappe baie sigbaar maak. Die handelaars het baie meer vroue as mans verskeep aangesien daar 'n aanvraag na hulle was om as bywywe in harems in die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a> en buurstate te dien. Manlike slawe is gekastreer om as wagte vir die harems diens te doen. Die dodetol onder die swart Afrika-slawe was hoog weens die gedwonge arbeid. Daar is verskeie kenmerkende Afro-Arabiese gemeenskappe wat in die Arabiese Skiereiland en die buurstate oorleef het.<sup id="cite_ref-hidden_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hidden-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Genetiese studies het gevind dat daar 'n aansienlike persentasies gene van vroue uit Afrika in die are van die Arabiese gemeenskappe in die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a> en die buurstate vloei. 'n Gemiddeld van 38% van die moederlike afstammelinge in <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Jemen</a> is regstreekse afstammelinge uit Afrika,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abu-Amero-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 16% in <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abu-Amero-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en 10% in <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saoedi-Arabië</a>-<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Arabiese_Emirate" title="Verenigde Arabiese Emirate">Verenigde Arabiese Emirate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abu-Amero-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kenmerkende en self-geïdentifiseerde swart gemeenskappe is in lande soos Irak aangemeld. Volgens navorsing is daar sowat 1.2 miljoen swart mense wat vertel van 'n leeftyd van <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasie" title="Diskriminasie">diskriminasie</a>. Hierdie afstammelinge van die Zanj het aansoek by die regering gedoen vir minderheidstatus, wat sekere setels in die parlement sal verseker vir politieke verteenwoordigers van hul bevolking.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Volgens Alamin M Mazrui word die meeste van hierdie sigbare Afrika-afstammelinge steeds in die <a href="/wiki/Arabiese_Skiereiland" title="Arabiese Skiereiland">Arabiese Skiereiland</a> en omliggende state as Arabiere erken en nie as swart nie.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel">Israel</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg/220px-Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg/330px-Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg/440px-Black_hebrews_Dimona_children.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>'n Afro-Hebreeuse Israeliet van Jerusalem</figcaption></figure> <p>Sowat 150 000 Oos-Afrikane en swart mense bly in <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, wat byna 2% van die land se bevolking uitmaak. Die meeste van hulle, sowat 120 000, is <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> van wie die meeste in die 1980's en 1990's uit <a href="/wiki/Ethiopi%C3%AB" title="Ethiopië">Ethiopië</a> gekom het.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dan is daar ook nog meer as 5 000 van die Afro-Hebreeuse Israeliete van Jerusalem- beweging wat nasate is van <a href="/wiki/Afro-Amerikaners" title="Afro-Amerikaners">Afro-Amerikaners</a> wat in die 20ste eeu na Israel verhuis het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Turkye">Turkye</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg/220px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg/330px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg/440px-G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-Black_Bashi-Bazouk-c._1869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3147" data-file-height="3896" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bashi-bazouk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bashi-bazouk (bladsy bestaan nie)">Bashi-bazouk</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>, skildery deur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-L%C3%A9on_G%C3%A9r%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Léon Gérôme (bladsy bestaan nie)">Jean-Léon Gérôme</a>, <a href="/wiki/1869" title="1869">1869</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die verskuiwings het verskeie eeue gelede begin gebeur, gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>, toe tienduisende van die Zanj deur slawehandelaars na die plantasies en landbougebiede in die hedendaagse Antaya en Istanboel gebring is.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suid-Asië"><span id="Suid-Asi.C3.AB"></span>Suid-Asië</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Siddi_Girl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Siddi_Girl.jpg/220px-Siddi_Girl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Siddi_Girl.jpg/330px-Siddi_Girl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Siddi_Girl.jpg/440px-Siddi_Girl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>'n Siddhi-meisie van die stad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellapur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yellapur (bladsy bestaan nie)">Yellapur</a> in die distrik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttara_Karnataka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttara Karnataka (bladsy bestaan nie)">Uttara Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a> is 'n etniese groep wat in <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> woon en is afstammelinge van die <a href="/wiki/Bantoevolke" title="Bantoevolke">Bantoevolke</a> van Suidoos-Afrika wat deur Arabiese en Portugese slawehandelaars na die <a href="/wiki/Indiese_subkontinent" title="Indiese subkontinent">Indiese subkontinent</a> verskeep is.<sup id="cite_ref-Shah_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shah-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoewel dit plaaslik aanvaar word dat Siddhi afgelei word van 'n woord wat swart beteken,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kom die term inderdaad van die woord Sayyid, die titel van die kapteins van die Arabiese vaartuie wat die Siddhi-setlaars eeerste na die gebied gebring het.<sup id="cite_ref-Prashad_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prashad-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suidoos-Asië"><span id="Suidoos-Asi.C3.AB"></span>Suidoos-Asië</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ati_woman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ati_woman.jpg/220px-Ati_woman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ati_woman.jpg/330px-Ati_woman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ati_woman.jpg/440px-Ati_woman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ativolke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ativolke (bladsy bestaan nie)">Ati</a>-vrou in Filippyne, die Negritoes is 'n inheemse bevolking van Suidoos-Asië.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negrito_(etniese_groep)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negrito (etniese groep) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Negritoes</a> was vermoedelik die eerste inwoners van Suidoos-Asië. Nadat hul aanvanklik <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Jules_Quartly_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jules_Quartly-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en verskillende dele van Asië bewoon het, is hulle nou hoofsaaklik tot <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maleisiese_eilandgroep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maleisiese eilandgroep (bladsy bestaan nie)">Maleisiese eilandgroep</a>, en die <a href="/wiki/Andaman-eilande" title="Andaman-eilande">Andaman</a>- en <a href="/wiki/Nicobar-eilande" title="Nicobar-eilande">Nicobar-eilande</a> van <a href="/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië">Indië</a> beperk.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Negrito</i> beteken 'klein swart mense' in <a href="/wiki/Spaans" title="Spaans">Spaans</a> (negrito is die Spaanse verkleinwoord van "negro", dit wil sê 'klein swart mensie'); dit is wat die Spaanse koloniste die inboorlinge noem wat hulle in die <a href="/wiki/Filippyne" title="Filippyne">Filippyne</a> teëgekom het.<sup id="cite_ref-William_Marsden_1834_4_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-William_Marsden_1834_4-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die woord 'Negrito' self het kritiek gekry in lande soos <a href="/wiki/Maleisi%C3%AB" title="Maleisië">Maleisië</a>, waar dit nou uitruilbaar is met die meer aanvaarbare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Semang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semang (bladsy bestaan nie)">Semang</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hajek_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hajek-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alhoewel hierdie term eintlik na 'n spesifieke groep verwys. </p><p>Negritoes in die Filippyne, en Suidoos-Asië in die algemeen, kom voor baie <a href="/wiki/Diskriminasie" title="Diskriminasie">diskriminasie</a> te staan. Gewoonlik word hulle gemarginaliseer en leef hulle in <a href="/wiki/Armoede" title="Armoede">armoede</a>, en hulle kan nie werk kry wat hulle sal onderhou nie.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Europa">Europa</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wes-Europa">Wes-Europa</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spanje">Spanje</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Concha_Buika2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Concha_Buika2.JPG/220px-Concha_Buika2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Concha_Buika2.JPG/330px-Concha_Buika2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Concha_Buika2.JPG/440px-Concha_Buika2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Die Spaanse sangeres Concha Bulka</figcaption></figure> <p>Die term "More" is oor die algemeen in Europa gebruik om neerhalend na <a href="/wiki/Moslem" title="Moslem">Moslems</a> te verwys,<sup id="cite_ref-Menocal,_María_Rosa_2002_page_241_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menocal,_María_Rosa_2002_page_241-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> veral diegene van Arabiese en Berber-afkoms, hetsy hulle in Noord-Afrika of Iberië bly.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die More was nie kenmerkende of selfgedefinieerde mense nie.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Middeleeuse en vroeë moderne Europeërs het die naam Moor vir Arabiese Moslems, Berbers, swart Afrikane en selfs vir Europeërs gegee.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Verenigde_Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</h4></div> <p>Volgens statistieke van 2001 woon daar meer as een miljoen swartes in die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frankryk">Frankryk</h4></div> <p>Hoewel etniese sensus onwettig is in Frankryk, word daar geraam dat daar sowat 2,5 tot 5 miljoen swartes in die land bly.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nederland">Nederland</h4></div> <p>Afro-Hollanders kom van die voormalige en huidige Nederlandse gebiede soos <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> en <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oos-Europa">Oos-Europa</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:An_African_man_in_Karabakh_by_George_Kennan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/An_African_man_in_Karabakh_by_George_Kennan.jpg/220px-An_African_man_in_Karabakh_by_George_Kennan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/An_African_man_in_Karabakh_by_George_Kennan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="435" /></a><figcaption>'n "Neger"- bergklimmer in <a href="/wiki/Abchasi%C3%AB" title="Abchasië">Abchasië</a>, 1870.</figcaption></figure> <p>Toe Afrikastate onafhanklikheid verkry het in die 1960's het die <a href="/wiki/Sowjetunie" title="Sowjetunie">Sowjetunie</a> baie van die kontinent se burgers genooi om in <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a> te kom studeer. Só het daar oor 'n tydperk van 40 jaar meer as 400 000 studente uit Afrika na Rusland vertrek om verder te gaan studeer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_suid_van_die_Sahara" title="Afrika suid van die Sahara">Afrika suid van die Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassisme" title="Rassisme">Rassisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-3" style="-moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3; column-count: 3; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Moor&allowed_in_frame=0">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a> (in Engels). Etymonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230002007/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Moor">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 30 Desember 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Mei</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.pub=Etymonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3DMoor%26allowed_in_frame%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frigi et al. 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/human_biology/summary/v082/82.4.frigi.html">Ancient Local Evolution of African mtDNA Haplogroups in Tunisian Berber Populations</a>, <i>Human Biology</i>, Volume 82, Number 4, Augustus 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-biomedcentral.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-biomedcentral.com_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harich et .al 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/138">The trans-Saharan slave trade – clues from interpolation analyses and high-resolution characterization of mitochondrial DNA lineages.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html"><i>Race and Slavery in the Middle East</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010401012040/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/med/lewis1.html">Geargiveer</a> 1 April 2001 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Oxford University Press, 1994.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1276/Abid-al-Bukhari">"Abīd al-Bukhārī (Moroccan military organization)"</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFMusselman" class="citation web cs1">Musselman, Anson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030604165848/http://international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=4125">"The Subtle Racism of Latin America"</a>. UCLA International Institute. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.international.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=4125">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 Junie 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Subtle+Racism+of+Latin+America&rft.pub=UCLA+International+Institute&rft.aulast=Musselman&rft.aufirst=Anson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.international.ucla.edu%2Farticle.asp%3Fparentid%3D4125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PoW4pO4q9VwC&printsec=frontcover#PPP1,M1">Joseph Finklestone, <i>Anwar Sadat: Visionary Who Dared</i></a>, bl. 5–7, 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunwick-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hunwick_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHunwick" class="citation web cs1">Hunwick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111207012232/http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/race/Hunwick.pdf">"Arab Views of Black Africans and Slavery"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yale.edu/glc/events/race/Hunwick.pdf">die oorspronklike</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> op 7 Desember 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+Views+of+Black+Africans+and+Slavery&rft.aulast=Hunwick&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yale.edu%2Fglc%2Fevents%2Frace%2FHunwick.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLabbéOmar_Fekeiki2004" class="citation news cs1">Labbé, Theola; Omar Fekeiki (11 Januarie 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A6645-2004Jan10">"A Legacy Hidden in Plain Sight"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">29 Januarie</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Legacy+Hidden+in+Plain+Sight&rft.date=2004-01-11&rft.aulast=Labb%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Theola&rft.au=Omar+Fekeiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fac2%2Fwp-dyn%3Fpagename%3Darticle%26contentId%3DA6645-2004Jan10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFdu_Preez2006" class="citation news cs1">du Preez, Max (13 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestar.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3201857">"Coloureds – the most authentic SA citizens"</a>. <i>The Star</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Star&rft.atitle=Coloureds+%E2%80%93+the+most+authentic+SA+citizens&rft.date=2006-04-13&rft.aulast=du+Preez&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.co.za%2Findex.php%3FfArticleId%3D3201857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Klein (2002), <i>Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition,</i> Page xxii, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0810841029">https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0810841029</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saoedi-Arabi%C3%AB" title="Saoedi-Arabië">Saudi Arabia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jemen" title="Jemen">Yemen</a> abolished slavery in 1962, <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> in 1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070111/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156">"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History"</a> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24156">die oorspronklike</a> op 6 Oktober 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%27s+Guide+to+Black+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fblackhistory%2Farticle-24156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hidden-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-hidden_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFLabb¿2004" class="citation news cs1">Labb¿, Theola (11 Januarie 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A6645-2004Jan10">"A Legacy Hidden in Plain Sight"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+Legacy+Hidden+in+Plain+Sight&rft.date=2004-01-11&rft.aulast=Labb%C2%BF&rft.aufirst=Theola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fac2%2Fwp-dyn%3Fpagename%3Darticle%26contentId%3DA6645-2004Jan10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.tripod.com/~yajaffar/african.html">"Dr Susan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dr+Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.tripod.com%2F~yajaffar%2Fafrican.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFRídlEdensČerný2010" class="citation book cs1">Rídl, Jakub; Edens, Christopher M.; Černý, Viktor (2010). "Mitochondrial DNA Structure of Yemeni Population: Regional Differences and the Implications for Different Migratory Contributions". <i>The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia</i>. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-481-2719-1_5">10.1007/978-90-481-2719-1_5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-90-481-2718-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-90-481-2718-4"><bdi>978-90-481-2718-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+Structure+of+Yemeni+Population%3A+Regional+Differences+and+the+Implications+for+Different+Migratory+Contributions&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Human+Populations+in+Arabia&rft.series=Vertebrate+Paleobiology+and+Paleoanthropology&rft.pages=69&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-481-2719-1_5&rft.isbn=978-90-481-2718-4&rft.aulast=R%C3%ADdl&rft.aufirst=Jakub&rft.au=Edens%2C+Christopher+M.&rft.au=%C4%8Cern%C3%BD%2C+Viktor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abu-Amero-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-0">16,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-1">16,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Abu-Amero_16-2">16,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAbu-AmeroLarrugaCabreraGonzález2008" class="citation journal cs1">Abu-Amero, Khaled K; Larruga, José M; Cabrera, Vicente M; González, Ana M (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2268671">"Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula"</a>. <i>BMC Evolutionary Biology</i>. <b>8</b>: 45. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2148-8-45">10.1186/1471-2148-8-45</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Vrylik beskikbaar"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2268671">2268671</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18269758">18269758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+structure+in+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=45&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2268671%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18269758&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1471-2148-8-45&rft.aulast=Abu-Amero&rft.aufirst=Khaled+K&rft.au=Larruga%2C+Jos%C3%A9+M&rft.au=Cabrera%2C+Vicente+M&rft.au=Gonz%C3%A1lez%2C+Ana+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2268671&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Timothy Williams, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/03/world/middleeast/03basra.html?_r=0">"In Iraq's African Enclave, Color is Plainly Seen"</a>, <i>The New York Times,</i> 2 Desember 2009: "But on the packed dirt streets of Zubayr, Iraq’s scaled-down version of Harlem, African-Iraqis talk of discrimination so steeped in Iraqi culture that they are commonly referred to as "abd" — slave in Arabic — prohibited from interracial marriage and denied even menial jobs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alamin M. Mazrui et al., <i>Debating the African Condition</i> (2004), <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/1592211453" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-59221-145-3</a>, p. 324: "But many Arabs were themselves Black.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2009n/11_09_252b.pdf">"The Ethiopian Population In Israel"</a>, Reuters. 16 Julie 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0902/p06s01-wome.html">Why Jews see racism in Israel"</a>, <i>Christian Science Monitor</i>, 1 September 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015205801/http://www.afro-turk.org/index.php/ayvalikin-renkli-dernegi">"Ayvalık'ın renkli derneği. Retrieved 28 Augustus 2008"</a> (in Engels). Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afro-turk.org/index.php/ayvalikin-renkli-dernegi">die oorspronklike</a> op 15 Oktober 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ayval%C4%B1k%E2%80%99%C4%B1n+renkli+derne%C4%9Fi.+Retrieved+28+Augustus+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afro-turk.org%2Findex.php%2Fayvalikin-renkli-dernegi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=141522">"Turks with African ancestors want their existence to be felt"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211135855/http://www.todayszaman.com/newsDetail_getNewsById.action?load=detay&link=141522">Geargiveer</a> 11 Desember 2013 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Today's Zaman</i>, 11 Mei 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFTerence_Walz2010" class="citation book cs1">Terence Walz, Kenneth M. Cuno (2010). <i>Race and Slavery in the Middle East: Histories of Trans-Saharan Africans in Nineteenth-century Egypt, Sudan, and the Ottoman Mediterranean</i>. American University in Cairo Press. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9774163982" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9774163982"><bdi>9774163982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+and+Slavery+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Histories+of+Trans-Saharan+Africans+in+Nineteenth-century+Egypt%2C+Sudan%2C+and+the+Ottoman+Mediterranean&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=American+University+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9774163982&rft.aulast=Terence+Walz&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.+Cuno&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shah-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shah_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFShah2011" class="citation journal cs1">Shah, Anish M.; et al. (15 Julie 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929711002230">"Indian Siddis: African Descendants with Indian Admixture"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>89</b> (1): 154–161. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.05.030">10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.030</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">18 Desember</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Indian+Siddis%3A+African+Descendants+with+Indian+Admixture&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=154-161&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2011.05.030&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Anish+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0002929711002230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0">25,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-1">25,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFAlbinia2012" class="citation book cs1">Albinia, Alice (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VRSbjdPQirYC&dq=isbn%3A0393063224&q=sheedi#v=snippet&q=sheedi&f=false"><i>Empires of the Indus: The Story of a River</i></a>. UK: Hachette. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-06322-4" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-393-06322-4"><bdi>0-393-06322-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+of+the+Indus%3A+The+Story+of+a+River&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=0-393-06322-4&rft.aulast=Albinia&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVRSbjdPQirYC%26dq%3Disbn%253A0393063224%26q%3Dsheedi%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dsheedi%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prashad-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Prashad_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFVijay_Prashad2002">Vijay Prashad (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=xiO6zUS9gigC"><i>Everybody Was Kung Fu Fighting: Afro-Asian Connections and the Myth of Cultural Purity</i></a>, Beacon Press, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8070-5011-3" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-8070-5011-3">0-8070-5011-3</a><span class="printonly">, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/?id=xiO6zUS9gigC">https://books.google.com/?id=xiO6zUS9gigC</a></span>, "<i>… since the captains of the African and Arab vessels bore the title Sidi (from Sayyid, or the lineage of the prophet Muhammad), the African settlers on the Indian mainland came to be called Siddis …</i>"</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Everybody+Was+Kung+Fu+Fighting%3A+Afro-Asian+Connections+and+the+Myth+of+Cultural+Purity&rft.aulast=Vijay+Prashad&rft.au=Vijay+Prashad&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.isbn=0-8070-5011-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DxiO6zUS9gigC&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Swart_mense"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1074229/services-of-sheedis-for-sindh-recalled">"Services of Sheedis for Sindh recalled"</a>. <i>Dawn</i> (in Engels). 16 Desember 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191225122504/https://www.dawn.com/news/1074229/services-of-sheedis-for-sindh-recalled">Geargiveer</a> vanaf die oorspronklike op 25 Desember 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">5 Januarie</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Services+of+Sheedis+for+Sindh+recalled&rft.date=2013-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1074229%2Fservices-of-sheedis-for-sindh-recalled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jules_Quartly-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jules_Quartly_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFJules_Quartly2004" class="citation news cs1">Jules Quartly (27 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2004/11/27/2003212815">"In honor of the Little Black People"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taipei_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taipei Times (bladsy bestaan nie)">Taipei Times</a></i>. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Mei</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=In+honor+of+the+Little+Black+People&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2004-11-27&rft.au=Jules+Quartly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ffeat%2Farchives%2F2004%2F11%2F27%2F2003212815&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fSahAAAAMAAJ&q=Melanesian+Negritos&dq=Melanesian+Negritos"><i>Vietnam. Bộ ngoại giao</i></a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1969. p. 28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam.+B%E1%BB%99+ngo%E1%BA%A1i+giao&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfSahAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DMelanesian%2BNegritos%26dq%3DMelanesian%2BNegritos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520173144/http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter36/text36.htm">"35. The Negrito of Thailand"</a>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andaman.org/BOOK/chapter36/text36.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 20 Mei 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=35.+The+Negrito+of+Thailand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.andaman.org%2FBOOK%2Fchapter36%2Ftext36.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/houghtonmifflind00houg"><i>The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Geography</i></a>. Wisconsin: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-395-86448-7" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-395-86448-7"><bdi>978-0-395-86448-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Houghton+Mifflin+Dictionary+of+Geography&rft.place=Wisconsin&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Company&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-395-86448-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhoughtonmifflind00houg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-William_Marsden_1834_4-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-William_Marsden_1834_4_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Marsden1834" class="citation book cs1">William Marsden (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O78NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA4">"On the Polynesian, or East-Insular Languages"</a>. <i>Miscellaneous Works of William Marsden</i>. Parbury, Allen. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+the+Polynesian%2C+or+East-Insular+Languages&rft.btitle=Miscellaneous+Works+of+William+Marsden&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Parbury%2C+Allen&rft.date=1834&rft.au=William+Marsden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO78NAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hajek-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hajek_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFHajek,_John1996" class="citation journal cs1">Hajek, John (Junie 1996). "Unraveling Lowland Semang". <i>Oceanic Linguistics</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 138–141. <a href="/wiki/Digitale_objek-identifiseerder" title="Digitale objek-identifiseerder">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3623034">10.2307/3623034</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3623034">3623034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceanic+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Unraveling+Lowland+Semang&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=138-141&rft.date=1996-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3623034&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3623034%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hajek%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/313920/beyond-the-beach-the-untold-story-of-boracay-s-ati-tribe/story/">"Beyond the beach: The untold story of Boracay's Ati tribe"</a>. <i>GMA News Online</i> (in Engels (VSA))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">6 Mei</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GMA+News+Online&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+beach%3A+The+untold+story+of+Boracay%27s+Ati+tribe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2Fartandculture%2F313920%2Fbeyond-the-beach-the-untold-story-of-boracay-s-ati-tribe%2Fstory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menocal,_María_Rosa_2002_page_241-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Menocal,_María_Rosa_2002_page_241_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Menocal, María Rosa (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBaker,_John_R." class="citation journal cs1">Baker, John R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Race.html?id=jzq0AAAAIAAJ">"Race"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>: 226<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">12 Maart</span> 2014</span>. <q>In one sense the word 'Moor' means Mohammedan Berbers and Arabs of North-western Africa, with some Syrians, who conquered most of Spain in the 8th century and dominated the country for hundreds of years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Race&rft.pages=226&rft.au=Baker%2C+John+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FRace.html%3Fid%3Djzq0AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Cite_journal" title="Sjabloon:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Hulp:AS1-foute#missing_periodical" title="Hulp:AS1-foute">hulp</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/1903/12049/1/Ramos_umd_0117E_12042.pdf">Ross Brann, "The Moors?"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFBlackmore2009" class="citation book cs1">Blackmore, Josiah (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC"><i>Moorings: Portuguese Expansion and the Writing of Africa</i></a>. University of Minnesota Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PR16">xvi</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=iRNFebS_mUIC&pg=PA18">18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8166-4832-0" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/978-0-8166-4832-0"><bdi>978-0-8166-4832-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Moorings%3A+Portuguese+Expansion+and+the+Writing+of+Africa&rft.pages=xvi%2C+18&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4832-0&rft.aulast=Blackmore&rft.aufirst=Josiah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiRNFebS_mUIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3ASwart+mense" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbpa.co.uk/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1">NBPA Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100217032604/http://www.nbpa.co.uk/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1">Geargiveer</a> 17 Februarie 2010 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The emphasis is on the common experience and determination of the people of African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12396-2005Apr23.html">Europe's Minority Politicians in Short Supply</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0112/p01s04-woeu.html">"In officially colorblind France, blacks have a dream – and now a lobby"</a>, Csmonitor.com. 12 Januarie 2007.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817393&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817393&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" 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