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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صقور حرية كردستان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صقور حرية كردستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Соколи за свободата на Кюрдистан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Соколи за свободата на Кюрдистан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcons_de_la_Llibertat_del_Kurdistan" title="Falcons de la Llibertat del Kurdistan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Falcons de la Llibertat del Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyr%C3%AAbaz%C3%AAn_Azad%C3%AEya_Kurdistan" title="Teyrêbazên Azadîya Kurdistan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Teyrêbazên Azadîya Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halcones_de_la_libertad_del_Kurdist%C3%A1n" title="Halcones de la libertad del Kurdistán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halcones de la libertad del Kurdistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanliberigaj_Falkoj" title="Kurdistanliberigaj Falkoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kurdistanliberigaj Falkoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازهای آزادی کردستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بازهای آزادی کردستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faucons_de_la_libert%C3%A9_du_Kurdistan" title="Faucons de la liberté du Kurdistan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Faucons de la liberté du Kurdistan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teyr%C3%AAn_Baz_%C3%AAn_Azadiya_Kurdistan%C3%AA" title="Teyrên Baz ên Azadiya Kurdistanê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Teyrên Baz ên Azadiya Kurdistanê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="صقور حرية كردستان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صقور حرية كردستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koerdische_Vrijheidsvalken" title="Koerdische Vrijheidsvalken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koerdische Vrijheidsvalken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko%C5%82y_Wolno%C5%9Bci_Kurdystanu" title="Sokoły Wolności Kurdystanu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sokoły Wolności Kurdystanu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Соколы свободы Курдистана – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Соколы свободы Курдистана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="بازەکانی ئازادیی کوردستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بازەکانی ئازادیی کوردستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Соколови слободе Курдистана – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Соколови слободе Курдистана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistanin_vapauden_haukat" title="Kurdistanin vapauden haukat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kurdistanin vapauden haukat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAK_(%C3%B6rg%C3%BCt)" title="TAK (örgüt) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="TAK (örgüt)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Яструби свободи Курдистану – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kurdistan Freedom Falcons" redirects here. For the armed Peshmerga units in Iran, see <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Party" title="Kurdistan Freedom Party">Kurdistan Freedom Party</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #DEDFDE;">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="nickname" lang="ku">Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tak_Flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/30/Tak_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="195" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Flag of the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Dates of operation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">29 July 2004<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2004-07-29</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a> <small>(TAK claim)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Unknown</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Active regions</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish nationalism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">A few dozen active members (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-Jamestown_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamestown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opponents</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles and wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</b>, or <b>TAK</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kurdish_language" title="Kurdish language">Kurdish</a>: <i lang="ku" dir="rtl">Teyrêbazên Azadiya Kurdistan</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish nationalist</a> militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Kurdistan" title="Turkish Kurdistan">Turkish Kurdistan</a> (eastern and southeastern <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>). The group also opposes the Turkish government's policies towards <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Kurds in Turkey</a>. It has been designated as a terrorist organization by the US, UK and Australian governments.<sup id="cite_ref-USterrorist_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USterrorist-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EUterrorist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUterrorist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKterrorist_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKterrorist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group presents itself as a break-away faction of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Workers Party">Kurdistan Workers Party</a> (PKK) in open dissent with the PKK's readiness to compromise with the Turkish state. The PKK distances itself from the TAK, stating that the Turkish government uses the TAK to portray the PKK as a terrorist organization in the international arena, that the PKK only targets the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces" title="Turkish Armed Forces">Turkish Armed Forces</a> or their proxies, that it always takes responsibility for its attacks, and that there are no links between the PKK and TAK.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-www.beaconreader.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.beaconreader.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Analysts and experts disagree on whether or not the two groups are in reality linked.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group first appeared in August 2004, just weeks after the PKK called off the <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%932004_Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_peace_initiatives#Third_unilateral_ceasefire_by_the_PKK_1998–2004" title="1991–2004 Kurdish–Turkish peace initiatives">1999 truce</a>, assuming responsibility for two hotel bombings in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> which claimed two victims.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, TAK has followed a strategy of escalation, committing numerous violent bomb attacks throughout <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, with a focus on western and central Turkey, including some tourist areas in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>, and southern Mediterranean resorts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201135_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201135-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TAK also claimed responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/February_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="February 2016 Ankara bombing">February 2016 Ankara bombing</a>, which killed at least 28 people,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardiantak_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardiantak-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/March_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="March 2016 Ankara bombing">March 2016 Ankara bombing</a> in the same city that killed another 37 people, and the <a href="/wiki/December_2016_Istanbul_bombings" title="December 2016 Istanbul bombings">December 2016 Istanbul bombings</a> which killed 47 people.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After several decades of oppressive measures by the Turkish government towards the ethnic Kurdish population of Turkey, the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) was formed in 1978 in an aim to establish <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_of_Kurdish_people_in_Turkey" title="Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey">equal</a> rights and <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Turkey" title="Kurds in Turkey">Kurds in Turkey</a>, who comprise between 18% and 25% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1984, however, <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978-present)">an armed conflict</a> began between the PKK and the Turkish security forces resulting in the deaths of around 7,000 Turkish security personnel and over 30,000 Kurds.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout the conflict, the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> has condemned Turkey for thousands of human rights abuses.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AnnualETCHR_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnnualETCHR-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The judgments are related to executions of Kurdish civilians,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> torturing,<sup id="cite_ref-tort1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tort1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forced displacements,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> destroyed villages,<sup id="cite_ref-vilg2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vilg2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arbitrary arrests,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and murdered and disappeared Kurdish journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of a brief PKK <a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)#1999.E2.80.932004:_Unilateral_ceasefire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">cease-fire</a> in 2004, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks were formed, a group that presents itself as a break-away faction of the PKK and is in open dissent with the PKK's readiness to compromise with the Turkish state. The TAK opposes, through militant action, the treatment of Kurds in Turkey and seeks retaliation for those Kurds who were killed at the hands of the Turkish government.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_philosophy">Founding philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The TAK seek an independent state of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IBNLive_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBNLive-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group violently opposes the Turkish government's policies towards its ethnic Kurdish citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-TheIndependent2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheIndependent2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>TAK first appeared in 2004. There is substantial debate on the origin, composition, and affiliations of the group. Some Turkish analysts claim that the group is either a small splinter of or an alias for the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), the most active Kurdish militant group.<sup id="cite_ref-HoustonChron_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoustonChron-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReutersTwo_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersTwo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others suggest that the group may be totally independent of the PKK, or only loosely connected to it. PKK leaders deny having any control over the TAK. There are some indications that the TAK was founded by disgruntled or former members of the PKK.<sup id="cite_ref-HoustonChron_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoustonChron-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersAlert-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReutersTwo_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersTwo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little is known about the internal structure of the TAK. An employee of the later banned <a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Germany" title="Kurds in Germany">Kurdish German</a> news agency MHA told <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> in 2005 that representatives of the TAK would always remain anonymous and tight-lipped. The <i>Freedom Hawks</i> recruited a new generation of "frustrated young Kurds", raised in the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish diaspora">Kurdish diaspora</a> slums of Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara, after their parents had to flee the <a href="/wiki/Kurdish_villages_depopulated_by_Turkey" title="Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey">Kurdish villages depopulated by Turkey</a> in the 1990s. Other Kurdish observers saw the Freedom Hawks as a socially disrooted youth, a new <a href="/wiki/Urban_guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban guerrilla">urban guerrilla</a> born out of despair.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_PKK">Relationship with the PKK</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Relationship with the PKK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>, the TAK has been a rival to the PKK since 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Jamestown_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamestown-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then on, the group's operations have been repeatedly at odds with <a href="/wiki/Murat_Karay%C4%B1lan" title="Murat Karayılan">Murat Karayılan</a>'s and other PKK leaders' repeated calls for a ceasefire followed by negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Vera Eccarius-Kelly, a scholar of political science, has noted that there are no clear signs that indicate a struggle between the two groups. According to her, whilst TAK repeatedly damaged the PKK's efforts to negotiate cease-fires with "unapproved" bombings, in a way that has been compared to the <a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a> in the <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">Northern Ireland conflict</a>, the fact that there is no such struggle may have two explanations; the TAK may be operating outside the PKK's command structure, or it may be used by the PKK for "specific missions".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TAK's origins however remain controversial. </p><p>Some Turkish security analysts alleged that <a href="/wiki/Bahoz_Erdal" title="Bahoz Erdal">Bahoz Erdal</a> may be the leader of TAK.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly2011212_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly2011212-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other analysts believe that the group was initially formed by PKK leaders in 2003, when it engaged in illegal demonstrations, roadblocks and occasional Molotov cocktails. TAK has since claimed to have split from the PKK, accusing it of being "passive",<sup id="cite_ref-almonitor_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almonitor-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most recently in December 2015, when they criticized the PKK's "humanist character" as inept in the face of "the methods used by the existing Turkish state fascism."<sup id="cite_ref-ANF_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANF-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some experts say that TAK is affiliated to the PKK; according to <a href="/wiki/France24" class="mw-redirect" title="France24">France24</a>'s correspondent in Turkey, "most" analysts share the view that whilst the TAK is affiliated to the PKK, it enjoys some operational autonomy.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Consortium_for_the_Study_of_Terrorism_and_Responses_to_Terrorism" title="National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism">National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism</a>, an academic research centre funded by the US <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a>, describes the TAK as the "special urban terrorism wing" of the PKK.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This view is shared by the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, which called TAK the PKK's "urban terrorism wing" in October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, "Turkish officials as well as some security analysts say TAK still acts as a militant front of the PKK".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i> has reported that "experts who follow Kurdish militants say the groups retain ties".<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Istanbul-based Turkish independent security analyst <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metin_G%C3%BCrcan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metin Gürcan (page does not exist)">Metin Gürcan</a>, writing for <a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a>, described TAK as "a semi-autonomous, armed outfit that carries out attacks under the PKK umbrella", saying that while the PKK ideologically and financially supports TAK, it allows it to decide on the nature and timing of its attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gürcan further wrote that the TAK was set up by the PKK but then split from it.<sup id="cite_ref-almonitor_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-almonitor-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliza_Marcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliza Marcus (page does not exist)">Aliza Marcus</a>, an expert on the PKK, also expressed her skepticism of the claims of separation by saying, "It would be the first time in the history of the PKK that they allow the existence of any other group representing the Kurds than themselves. In the 1990s, the PKK fought with rival Kurdish groups in Europe, it has killed dissidents within its own ranks. I see no reason why they would allow another group on the stage now."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marcus believes that it is unlikely that the TAK gets direct orders from PKK but thinks that the PKK has control over TAK's actions.<sup id="cite_ref-mdf_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdf-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">Al-Arabiya</a> have written that the group is linked to the PKK while <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i> has described it as a breakaway from the PKK.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> mentioned the TAK in its January 2012 report, calling the TAK "a group linked to PKK".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Howard Eissenstat, a Turkey expert at St Lawrence University in New York, the TAK is damaging the PKK's short-term and long-term goals, and it's unlikely that the TAK is under PKK control.<sup id="cite_ref-mdf_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdf-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PKK's spokesman Serhat Varto denied a link between the PKK and the TAK in an interview by saying that the PKK targets only military entities and that it always takes responsibility for its attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PKK leader Cemil Bayik also denied a link or any resemblance between the PKK and the TAK. He went on to claim that the Turkish government carries out attacks in the name of TAK to better characterise the PKK as a terrorist organization in the international arena.<sup id="cite_ref-www.beaconreader.com_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.beaconreader.com-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, a member of TAK denied links with the PKK, saying "The target perspectives, manner of action, and tactics pursued by the PKK and other Kurdish organisations in war have a quite 'humanist' character in the face of the methods used by the existing Turkish state fascism against the Kurdish people. In this regard, we are not dependent on the target perspectives, manner of action and tactics of these organisations. We as TAK will determine and realize our independent action strategy, tactics and manner in line with the mission we have undertaken.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <i><a href="/wiki/Stratfor" title="Stratfor">Stratfor</a></i>, TAK claims to be separate from the PKK but is in fact the PKK's specialized urban terrorism wing.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Designation_as_a_terrorist_organisation">Designation as a terrorist organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Designation as a terrorist organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group has been designated as a terrorist organization by the US, UK and Australian governments,<sup id="cite_ref-USterrorist_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USterrorist-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EUterrorist_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUterrorist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UKterrorist_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKterrorist-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latest-eu-list_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latest-eu-list-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Turkish government regards the group as part of the PKK and does not list it separately.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attacks">Attacks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Attacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TAK has claimed responsibility for a number of attacks against police officers, soldiers, government and business institutions since 2004. Its earliest attacks were small, non-lethal bombings in public places which the group described as "warning actions." These warnings, however, had become deadly by the summer of 2005. </p> <ul><li>20 people were injured when a bomb exploded at <a href="/wiki/%C3%87e%C5%9Fme" title="Çeşme">Çeşme</a>, a coastal resort town on July 10, 2005.</li> <li>Less than one week later, five people were killed and more than a dozen wounded when a <a href="/wiki/2005_Kusadasi_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="2005 Kusadasi bus bombing">bus was blown up in the seaside town of Kuşadası</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobeAndMail_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobeAndMail-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheHerald_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHerald-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of attack against a tourist target is perhaps the signature tactic of TAK. The group has targeted civilians to discourage <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Turkey" title="Tourism in Turkey">tourism in Turkey</a> by attacking targets such as hotels and ATMs. TAK claims to have no desire to kill foreigners, only that it wishes to cut off a key source of revenue for the Turkish government.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersAlert-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNNHunt_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNNHunt-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2006 the group's attacks continued, including a failed plot to attack a bus carrying legal officials on April 12, 2006. Five of the group's members were arrested when the plot was broken up.</li> <li>The group also claimed responsibility for an April 5, 2006 attack on a district office of the Justice and Development Party in Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTimeline_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTimeline-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In March, one person was killed and thirteen injured when TAK detonated a bomb near a bus station in Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCTimeline_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTimeline-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 28, 2006, The Kurdish Freedom Hawks attacked the resort area of <a href="/wiki/Marmaris" title="Marmaris">Marmaris</a> with three explosions, at least two of which bombs were hidden in garbage cans.<sup id="cite_ref-TheHerald_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheHerald-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the resort city of <a href="/wiki/Antalya" title="Antalya">Antalya</a>, 20 were injured when another explosion went off and 3 were killed. A final bomb detonated in Turkey's largest city of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> where more than 20 people were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersAlert-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IBNLive_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBNLive-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A separate attack is claimed to have been stopped in the port city of <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a> when a raid turned up plastic explosives.<sup id="cite_ref-SpiegelOnline_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpiegelOnline-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TheIndependent_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheIndependent-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group's website states the rash of attacks are revenge for the imprisonment of <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ocalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdullah Ocalan">Abdullah Ocalan</a>, the figurehead for the armed Kurdish nationalist movement.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 30, 2006, the town of <a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a> was attacked via a bomb planted in a rubbish container on Inonu street, one person was injured.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bombing is believed to be linked to the recent attacks by TAK, however they have not claimed responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-ReutersTwo_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReutersTwo-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/2008_Istanbul_bombings" title="2008 Istanbul bombings">July 2008 bombings</a>, the deadliest attack against civilians in Turkey since <a href="/wiki/2003_Istanbul_bombings" title="2003 Istanbul bombings">2003</a>, two bombs hit a shopping mile in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCng%C3%B6ren" title="Güngören">Güngören</a> district of Istanbul.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In June 2010, they blew up a military bus in Istanbul, killing four people including 3 soldiers<sup id="cite_ref-Cockburn_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cockburn-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a 17-year-old girl. This was received by observers as a "resumption of guerrilla warfare" which "brings to a final end an unofficial truce between the PKK and the government, which last year launched an initiative giving Kurds greater civil rights."<sup id="cite_ref-Cockburn_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cockburn-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On October 31, 2010, a suicide bomber <a href="/wiki/2010_Istanbul_bombing" title="2010 Istanbul bombing">detonated a bomb</a> on <a href="/wiki/Taksim_Square" title="Taksim Square">Taksim Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, killing the perpetrator and resulting in 32 injuries, 15 of whom were police officers.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bombing is believed to be linked to TAK, however they have not claimed responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>September 20, 2011 3 people died and 34 people were injured in <a href="/wiki/2011_Ankara_bombing" title="2011 Ankara bombing">a bomb attack</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a>. Kurdistan Freedom Hawks claimed the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On December 23, 2015 Istanbul's <a href="/wiki/Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_International_Airport" title="Sabiha Gökçen International Airport">Sabiha Gökçen International Airport</a> was <a href="/wiki/2015_Sabiha_G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en_Airport_bombing" title="2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing">hit by mortar fire</a> from the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On February 17, 2016, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks <a href="/wiki/February_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="February 2016 Ankara bombing">attacked</a> military buses in <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> killing 28 Turkish military personnel and 1 civilian.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group claimed responsibility two days later, on 19 of February.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On March 13, 2016, a <a href="/wiki/March_2016_Ankara_bombing" title="March 2016 Ankara bombing">car bombing</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kizilay,_Ankara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kizilay, Ankara">Kizilay</a> district of Ankara killed 37 and injured more than 120 others. TAK claimed responsibility for the attack on March 17.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On April 27, 2016, a suicide bomber blew herself up in the northwestern city of <a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a> leaving thirteen people wounded. TAK claimed responsibility for the <a href="/wiki/2016_Bursa_bombing" title="2016 Bursa bombing">Bursa attack</a> on May 1, 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On June 7, 2016, a <a href="/wiki/June_2016_Istanbul_bombing" title="June 2016 Istanbul bombing">bomb targeting a police bus in Istanbul</a> detonated, killing seven police officers and four civilians. TAK claimed responsibility for the bomb, warning tourists that Turkey wouldn't be a safe destination any longer.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On October 6, 2016, Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK) claimed responsibility a bomb attack was carried out in İstanbul's Yenibosna district outside of police station on October 6, causing 10 civilians to get wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On November 24, 2016, TAK claimed responsibility for a car bomb attack that killed two people and wounded 30 more in the Turkish city of Adana, according to a statement on its website.</li> <li>On December 10, 2016, a <a href="/wiki/Car_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Car bombing">car bombing</a> and a suicide bomber in the <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%9Fikta%C5%9F" title="Beşiktaş">Beşiktaş</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> killed 46 people, of which 37 were police officers, and injured at least 160 others. TAK claimed responsibility for the attack the day after.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On December 20, 2016, TAK claimed responsibility for <a href="/wiki/2016_Kayseri_bombing" title="2016 Kayseri bombing">Kayseri bombing</a> which killed 14 soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On January 11, 2017, TAK claimed responsibility for İzmir attack which killed 2 people and wounded 9 others <sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On November 10, 2017 The female TAK Fighter Çiçek Karabulut was killed with a hand grenade after a gunfight in <a href="/wiki/Mardin" title="Mardin">Mardin</a>, Mardin Province. The organization claimed this incident in a statement published on January 17, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206091908/http://www.globalpost.com/webblog/turkey/terrorist-organization-profilekurdistan-freedom-hawks">"Terrorist Organization Profile:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalpost.com/webblog/turkey/terrorist-organization-profilekurdistan-freedom-hawks">the original</a> on February 6, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terrorist+Organization+Profile%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalpost.com%2Fwebblog%2Fturkey%2Fterrorist-organization-profilekurdistan-freedom-hawks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jamestown-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jamestown_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jamestown_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Brandon" class="citation journal cs1">James Brandon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=936">"The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks Emerges as a Rival to the PKK"</a>. <i>Terrorism Focus</i>. <b>3</b> (40). <a href="/wiki/The_Jamestown_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="The Jamestown Foundation">The Jamestown Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225075250/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=936">Archived</a> from the original on 2010-12-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+Focus&rft.atitle=The+Kurdistan+Freedom+Hawks+Emerges+as+a+Rival+to+the+PKK&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=40&rft.au=James+Brandon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fsingle%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USterrorist-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USterrorist_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USterrorist_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/01/11/us.turkey/index.html?section=cnn_latest">"U.S. labels Kurdish group as terrorist"</a>. CNN. 1 November 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180814040742/http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/01/11/us.turkey/index.html?section=cnn_latest">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+labels+Kurdish+group+as+terrorist&rft.date=2008-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2008%2FPOLITICS%2F01%2F11%2Fus.turkey%2Findex.html%3Fsection%3Dcnn_latest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUterrorist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EUterrorist_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EUterrorist_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Council Common Position 2008/586/CFSP updating Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism and repealing Common Position 2007/871/CFSP, <i>Official Journal of the European Union</i> L 188/71, 16.07.2008., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120726173743/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:188:0071:0076:EN:PDF">eur-lex.europa.eu</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKterrorist-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKterrorist_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKterrorist_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224134701/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups">"Proscribed terrorist groups"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/security/terrorism-and-the-law/terrorism-act/proscribed-groups">the original</a> on December 24, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proscribed+terrorist+groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeoffice.gov.uk%2Fsecurity%2Fterrorism-and-the-law%2Fterrorism-act%2Fproscribed-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTürkçe" class="citation news cs1">Türkçe, B. B. C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/03/160318_kck_rop">"PKK, TAK'ın saldırılarını neden durdurmuyor?"</a>. <i>BBC Türkçe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214134128/http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/03/160318_kck_rop">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.beaconreader.com&rft.atitle=PKK+co-leader+Cemil+Bayik%3A+%27What+are+we+supposed+to+do%3F+Surrender%3F+Never.%27&rft.aulast=Geerdink&rft.aufirst=Fr%C3%A9derike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beaconreader.com%2Ffrederike-geerdink%2Fpkk-co-leader-camil-bayik-what-are-we-supposed-to-do-surrender-never&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/after-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220">"After Ankara bombing, questions over PKK-TAK ties resurface"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701103226/http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/after-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=After+Ankara+bombing%2C+questions+over+PKK-TAK+ties+resurface&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fcolumns%2Fafter-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201136_f_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEccarius-Kelly2011">Eccarius-Kelly 2011</a>, pp. 36 f.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bomb in waist pack triggered Turkey blast". <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">AFP</a>. 17 July 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bomb+in+waist+pack+triggered+Turkey+blast&rft.date=2005-07-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201135-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEccarius-Kelly201135_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEccarius-Kelly2011">Eccarius-Kelly 2011</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDolan2016" class="citation news cs1">Dolan, David (Feb 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-kurds-idUSKCN0VS245">"Kurdish militant group TAK claims responsibility for Ankara bombing"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620125835/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-kurds-idUSKCN0VS245">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Kurdish+militant+group+TAK+claims+responsibility+for+Ankara+bombing&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-blast-kurds-idUSKCN0VS245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardiantak-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guardiantak_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetsch2016" class="citation news cs1">Letsch, Constanze (February 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/19/kurdish-rebels-claim-responsibility-for-ankara-car-bomb">"Kurdish militant group Tak claims responsibility for Ankara car bomb"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161109184530/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/19/kurdish-rebels-claim-responsibility-for-ankara-car-bomb">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kurdish+militant+group+Tak+claims+responsibility+for+Ankara+car+bomb&rft.date=2016-02-19&rft.aulast=Letsch&rft.aufirst=Constanze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F19%2Fkurdish-rebels-claim-responsibility-for-ankara-car-bomb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35829231">Ankara blast: Kurdish group TAK claims bombing – BBC News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161214052341/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-35829231">Archived</a> December 14, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38280638">Istanbul stadium attacks: Kurdish TAK group claim attacks – BBC News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20161212013513/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38280638">Archived</a> December 12, 2016, at <a href="/wiki/Archive-It" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive-It">Archive-It</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDienerHagen2010" class="citation book cs1">Diener, Alexander C.; Hagen, Joshua (2010). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/borderlinesborde00hage"><i>Borderlines and borderlands : political oddities at the edge of the nation-state</i></a></span>. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/borderlinesborde00hage/page/n124">114</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742556355" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742556355"><bdi>978-0742556355</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Borderlines+and+borderlands+%3A+political+oddities+at+the+edge+of+the+nation-state&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0742556355&rft.aulast=Diener&rft.aufirst=Alexander+C.&rft.au=Hagen%2C+Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fborderlinesborde00hage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKreyenbroekSperl2005" class="citation book cs1">Kreyenbroek, Philip G.; Sperl, Stefan, eds. (2005). <i>The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview</i>. Routledge. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134907664" title="Special:BookSources/1134907664"><bdi>1134907664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurds%3A+A+Contemporary+Overview&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1134907664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The World Factbook: Turkey"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618105825/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/colombia/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+World+Factbook%3A+Turkey%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fcolombia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bianet.org/english/human-rights/138337-turkey-ranks-first-in-violations-in-between-1959-2011">"EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS: Turkey Ranks First in Violations in between 1959–2011"</a>. <i>Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120213619/http://bianet.org/english/human-rights/138337-turkey-ranks-first-in-violations-in-between-1959-2011">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bianet+%E2%80%93+Bagimsiz+Iletisim+Agi&rft.atitle=EUROPEAN+COURT+OF+HUMAN+RIGHTS%3A+Turkey+Ranks+First+in+Violations+in+between+1959%E2%80%932011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbianet.org%2Fenglish%2Fhuman-rights%2F138337-turkey-ranks-first-in-violations-in-between-1959-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AnnualETCHR-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnnualETCHR_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://echr.coe.int/Documents/Annual_Report_2014_ENG.pdf">"Annual report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (The European Court of Human Rights). 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200916202355/https://echr.coe.int/Documents/Annual_Report_2014_ENG.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Annual+report&rft.issue=The+European+Court+of+Human+Rights&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fechr.coe.int%2FDocuments%2FAnnual_Report_2014_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=001-128036&filename=001-128036.pdf">"The European Court of Human Rights: Case of Benzer and others v. Turkey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Mass execution of Kurdish villagers). 24 March 2014: 57. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603071012/https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=001-128036&filename=001-128036.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+European+Court+of+Human+Rights%3A+Case+of+Benzer+and+others+v.+Turkey&rft.issue=Mass+execution+of+Kurdish+villagers&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhudoc.echr.coe.int%2Fapp%2Fconversion%2Fpdf%2F%3Flibrary%3DECHR%26id%3D001-128036%26filename%3D001-128036.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tort1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tort1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/HR%20handbooks/handbook06_en.pdf">"The prohibition of torture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Torturing). 2003: 11, 13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200602060735/https://www.echr.coe.int/LibraryDocs/HR%20handbooks/handbook06_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+prohibition+of+torture&rft.issue=Torturing&rft.pages=11%2C+13&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.echr.coe.int%2FLibraryDocs%2FHR%2520handbooks%2Fhandbook06_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=blm_4gIcaZoC&pg=PA7"><i>Human Rights Watch</i></a>. HRW. 2002. p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=HRW&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dblm_4gIcaZoC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vilg2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vilg2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbdulla2012" class="citation book cs1">Abdulla, Jamal Jalal (2012-02-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=usQ2i-P7oPIC&pg=PA36"><i>The Kurds: A Nation on the Way to Statehood</i></a>. AuthorHouse. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467879729" title="Special:BookSources/9781467879729"><bdi>9781467879729</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kurds%3A+A+Nation+on+the+Way+to+Statehood&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2012-02-07&rft.isbn=9781467879729&rft.aulast=Abdulla&rft.aufirst=Jamal+Jalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DusQ2i-P7oPIC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Police_arrest_ENG.pdf">"Police arrest and assistance of a lawyer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2015: 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212041847/https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Police_arrest_ENG.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Police+arrest+and+assistance+of+a+lawyer&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.echr.coe.int%2FDocuments%2FFS_Police_arrest_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khrp.org/khrp-news/news-archive/2000-news/189-justice-comes-from-european-court-for-a-murdered-kurdish-journalist.html">"Justice Comes from European Court for a Kurdish Journalist"</a>. <i>Kurdish Human Rights Project</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003205237/http://www.khrp.org/khrp-news/news-archive/2000-news/189-justice-comes-from-european-court-for-a-murdered-kurdish-journalist.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kurdish+Human+Rights+Project&rft.atitle=Justice+Comes+from+European+Court+for+a+Kurdish+Journalist&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khrp.org%2Fkhrp-news%2Fnews-archive%2F2000-news%2F189-justice-comes-from-european-court-for-a-murdered-kurdish-journalist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220143807/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49538720100622">"Who are the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks?"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 22 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49538720100622">the original</a> on 20 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Kurdistan+Freedom+Hawks%3F&rft.date=2010-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fin.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidINIndia-49538720100622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBNLive-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IBNLive_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IBNLive_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901043534/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/serial-bomb-blasts-rock-turkey/20044-2.html">"Serial bomb blasts rock Turkey"</a>. IBNLive. 2006-08-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibnlive.com/news/serial-bomb-blasts-rock-turkey/20044-2.html">the original</a> on September 1, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Serial+bomb+blasts+rock+Turkey&rft.date=2006-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibnlive.com%2Fnews%2Fserial-bomb-blasts-rock-turkey%2F20044-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheIndependent2-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheIndependent2_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuggler2006" class="citation news cs1">Huggler, Justin (2006-08-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930202559/http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article1222557.ece">"The Big Question: Who is behind the bombings in Turkey, and what do they want?"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article1222557.ece">the original</a> on 2007-09-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+Big+Question%3A+Who+is+behind+the+bombings+in+Turkey%2C+and+what+do+they+want%3F&rft.date=2006-08-30&rft.aulast=Huggler&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.independent.co.uk%2Feurope%2Farticle1222557.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060825224841/http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4381">"Kurdistan Freedom Hawks"</a>. MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4381">the original</a> on August 25, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdistan+Freedom+Hawks&rft.pub=MIPT+Terrorism+Knowledge+Base&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftkb.org%2FGroup.jsp%3FgroupID%3D4381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoustonChron-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HoustonChron_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoustonChron_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060902014639/http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/world/4149734.html">"Militant Kurds warn of wreaking havoc"</a>. <i>Houston Chronicle</i>. 2006-08-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/ap/world/4149734.html">the original</a> on 2006-09-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Houston+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Militant+Kurds+warn+of+wreaking+havoc&rft.date=2006-08-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fdisp%2Fstory.mpl%2Fap%2Fworld%2F4149734.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/08/30/uturkey.xml">"Turkish blast injures woman"</a>. <i>Telegraph</i>. London. 2006-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Reuters. 2006-08-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/30/AR2006083000638.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Blast+in+Turkish+port+wounds+one-officials&rft.date=2006-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F30%2FAR2006083000638.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReutersAlert-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersAlert_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29922136.htm">"Kurdish rebels say they planted Turkish resort bomb"</a>. Reuters AlertNet. 2006-08-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060829225407/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L29922136.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kurdish+rebels+say+they+planted+Turkish+resort+bomb&rft.date=2006-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alertnet.org%2Fthenews%2Fnewsdesk%2FL29922136.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Schwabe2006" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alexander Schwabe (30 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012113630/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0%2C1518%2C434388%2C00.html">"Kurdische Freiheitsfalken, Boten der Hölle"</a> [Kurdistan Freedom Hawks, the messengers of hell]. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> (in German). 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Hutzley (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/628q51XQN?url=http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/Rihanna/chart-history/658897?f=793&g=Singles"><i>Unmasking Terror: A Global Review of Terrorist Activities, Volume 3</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Jamestown_Foundation" title="Jamestown Foundation">Jamestown Foundation</a>. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9675009-6-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9675009-6-6"><bdi>978-0-9675009-6-6</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+clashes+spreading+to+western+Turkey%3F&rft.pub=Al+Monitor&rft.date=2015-12-30&rft.au=Metin+G%C3%BCrcan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2015%2F12%2Fturkey-kurdish-militant-clashes-pkk-tak.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANF-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ANF_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160221080118/http://www.anfenglish.com/kurdistan/tak-we-aren-t-dependent-on-pkk-our-actions-will-spread">"TAK: We aren't dependent on PKK, our actions will spread"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firat_News_Agency" title="Firat News Agency">ANF</a>. 31 December 2015. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TAK%3A+We+aren%27t+dependent+on+PKK%2C+our+actions+will+spread&rft.date=2015-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anfenglish.com%2Fkurdistan%2Ftak-we-aren-t-dependent-on-pkk-our-actions-will-spread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20160317-kurdish-militant-group-tied-pkk-says-it-was-behind-ankara-bombing">"Kurdish militant group with ties to PKK claims Ankara bombing"</a>. France24. 2016-03-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160317115826/http://www.france24.com/en/20160317-kurdish-militant-group-tied-pkk-says-it-was-behind-ankara-bombing">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdish+militant+group+with+ties+to+PKK+claims+Ankara+bombing&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20160317-kurdish-militant-group-tied-pkk-says-it-was-behind-ankara-bombing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cons-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cons_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/narratives/kurdistan-workers-party-pkk">"Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)"</a>. National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328114149/https://www.start.umd.edu/baad/narratives/kurdistan-workers-party-pkk">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+%28PKK%29&rft.pub=National+Consortium+for+the+Study+of+Terrorism+and+Responses+to+Terrorism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.start.umd.edu%2Fbaad%2Fnarratives%2Fkurdistan-workers-party-pkk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/10/09/statement-nsc-spokesperson-ned-price-terrorist-attacks-turkey">Statement by NSC Spokesperson Ned Price on Terrorist Attacks in Turkey | whitehouse.gov</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170210214321/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/10/09/statement-nsc-spokesperson-ned-price-terrorist-attacks-turkey">Archived</a> February 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLetsch2016" class="citation news cs1">Letsch, Constanze (2016-03-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/14/turkey-ankara-attack-one-bombers-was-pkk-member-officials-say">"Ankara attack: one of bombers was PKK member, officials say"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314105514/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/mar/14/turkey-ankara-attack-one-bombers-was-pkk-member-officials-say">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ankara+attack%3A+one+of+bombers+was+PKK+member%2C+officials+say&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft.aulast=Letsch&rft.aufirst=Constanze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fmar%2F14%2Fturkey-ankara-attack-one-bombers-was-pkk-member-officials-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010113650/http://uk.businessinsider.com/tak-claims-responsibility-for-a-bomb-attack-in-ankara-warns-it-will-strike-again-2016-3">"The Kurdish TAK group has claimed responsibility for the deadly bombings in Ankara — and threatened further strikes"</a>. <i>Business Insider</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=The+Kurdish+TAK+group+has+claimed+responsibility+for+the+deadly+bombings+in+Ankara+%E2%80%94+and+threatened+further+strikes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.businessinsider.com%2Ftak-claims-responsibility-for-a-bomb-attack-in-ankara-warns-it-will-strike-again-2016-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGürcan2016" class="citation web cs1">Gürcan, Metin (2016-03-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/03/turkey-ankara-bombing-third-attacker.html">"How terror attacks drive politics in Ankara"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+terror+attacks+drive+politics+in+Ankara&rft.pub=Al-Monitor&rft.date=2016-03-16&rft.aulast=G%C3%BCrcan&rft.aufirst=Metin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2016%2F03%2Fturkey-ankara-bombing-third-attacker.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/kurdistan-freedom-falcons-what-we-know-about-militant-pkk-offshoot-allegedly-responsible-ankara-1549637">"TAK: What we know about militant PKK offshoot allegedly responsible for Ankara attacks"</a>. <i>International Business Times</i>. 2016-03-15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318000206/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/kurdistan-freedom-falcons-what-we-know-about-militant-pkk-offshoot-allegedly-responsible-ankara-1549637">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=TAK%3A+What+we+know+about+militant+PKK+offshoot+allegedly+responsible+for+Ankara+attacks&rft.date=2016-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fkurdistan-freedom-falcons-what-we-know-about-militant-pkk-offshoot-allegedly-responsible-ankara-1549637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdf-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mdf_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mdf_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/after-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220">"After Ankara bombing, questions over PKK-TAK ties resurface"</a>. <i>Middle East Eye</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180701103226/http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/after-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=After+Ankara+bombing%2C+questions+over+PKK-TAK+ties+resurface&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fcolumns%2Fafter-ankara-bomning-questions-over-pkk-tak-ties-resurface-1097219220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-kurdish-tak-faction-a-breakaway-from-the-pkk/a-19121765">"Turkey's Kurdish TAK faction a breakaway from the PKK 17.03.2016"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006113738/http://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-kurdish-tak-faction-a-breakaway-from-the-pkk/a-19121765">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Kurdish+TAK+faction+a+breakaway+from+the+PKK+17.03.2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fturkeys-kurdish-tak-faction-a-breakaway-from-the-pkk%2Fa-19121765&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://europe.newsweek.com/ankara-blast-kurdish-militant-group-tak-claims-bombing-turkeys-capital-437704?rm=eu">"ANKARA BLAST: KURDISH MILITANT GROUP TAK CLAIMS BOMBING"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>. 2016-03-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026162437/http://europe.newsweek.com/ankara-blast-kurdish-militant-group-tak-claims-bombing-turkeys-capital-437704?rm=eu">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=ANKARA+BLAST%3A+KURDISH+MILITANT+GROUP+TAK+CLAIMS+BOMBING&rft.date=2016-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feurope.newsweek.com%2Fankara-blast-kurdish-militant-group-tak-claims-bombing-turkeys-capital-437704%3Frm%3Deu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/analysis/2016/03/14/Dark-times-for-Turkey-Ankara-blast-latest-in-the-series-of-attacks.html">"Dark times for Turkey: Ankara blast latest in series of deadly attacks"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dark+times+for+Turkey%3A+Ankara+blast+latest+in+series+of+deadly+attacks&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2016-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fperspective%2Fanalysis%2F2016%2F03%2F14%2FDark-times-for-Turkey-Ankara-blast-latest-in-the-series-of-attacks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2012/country-chapters/turkey"><i>World Report 2012: Turkey</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Report+2012%3A+Turkey&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2012-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2012%2Fcountry-chapters%2Fturkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2016/03/160318_kck_rop">"PKK, TAK'ın saldırılarını neden durdurmuyor?"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PKK%2C+TAK%27%C4%B1n+sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1lar%C4%B1n%C4%B1+neden+durdurmuyor%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fturkce%2Fhaberler%2F2016%2F03%2F160318_kck_rop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202124803/https://www.anfenglish.com/kurdistan/tak-we-aren-t-dependent-on-pkk-our-actions-will-spread">"TAK: We aren't dependent on PKK, our actions will spread"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anfenglish.com/kurdistan/tak-we-aren-t-dependent-on-pkk-our-actions-will-spread">the original</a> on 2016-02-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TAK%3A+We+aren%27t+dependent+on+PKK%2C+our+actions+will+spread&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anfenglish.com%2Fkurdistan%2Ftak-we-aren-t-dependent-on-pkk-our-actions-will-spread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/iraqi-kurdistans-parliamentary-elections-highlight-two-major-kurdish-groups-middle-east">"Iraqi Kurdistan's Parliamentary Elections Highlight Two Major Kurdish Groups in the Middle East"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aph.gov.au%2F&rft.atitle=Kurdistan+Workers%27+Party+%28PKK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FParliamentary_Business%2FCommittees%2FJoint%2FCompleted_Inquiries%2Fpjcis%2Ffive_terrorist%2Freport%2Foutput%2Fappendixe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latest-eu-list-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-latest-eu-list_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCouncil_of_the_European_Union2020" class="citation web cs1">Council of the European Union (13 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2020/20/oj">"Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/20 of 13 January 2020 updating the list of persons, groups and entities subject to Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931/CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat terrorism, and repealing Decision (CFSP) 2019/1341"</a>. <i>Official Journal of the European Union</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303125005/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2020/20/oj">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egm.gov.tr/temuh/terorgrup1.html">the original</a> on January 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=T%C3%BCrkiye%27de+halen+faaliyetlerine+devam+eden+ba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1ca+ter%C3%B6r+%C3%B6rg%C3%BCtleri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egm.gov.tr%2Ftemuh%2Fterorgrup1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobeAndMail-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobeAndMail_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060901234233/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20060829.TURKEY29/TPStory/TPInternational/Africa/">"Turkey rocked by more blasts"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. 2006-08-29. 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Now none will come"</a>. <i>The Herald</i>. 2006-08-29. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Istanbul+bomb+marks+end+of+Kurdish+ceasefire&rft.date=2010-06-23&rft.aulast=Cockburn&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fistanbul-bomb-marks-end-of-kurdish-ceasefire-2007588.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/europe/10/31/turkey.blast/index.html?hpt=T1">"32 injured in apparent suicide bombing in Turkey"</a>. CNN. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=32+injured+in+apparent+suicide+bombing+in+Turkey&rft.date=2010-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Feurope%2F10%2F31%2Fturkey.blast%2Findex.html%3Fhpt%3DT1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyla_Albayrak2010" class="citation news cs1">Ayla Albayrak (November 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703805704575594184051469018?mod=googlenews_wsj">"PKK Splinter Group Admits Istanbul Bombing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010113734/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703805704575594184051469018?mod=googlenews_wsj">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TAK+claims+responsibility+for+the+attack+at+Sabiha+G%C3%B6k%C3%A7en+Airport&rft.date=2015-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanfenglish.com%2Fnews%2Ftak-claims-responsibility-for-the-attack-at-sabiha-gokcen-airport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1199782-ankaradaki-bombali-saldirida-1-kisi-daha-hayatini-kaybetti">"Ankara'daki bombalı saldırıda 1 kişi daha hayatını kaybetti"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160226152133/http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1199782-ankaradaki-bombali-saldirida-1-kisi-daha-hayatini-kaybetti">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ankara%27daki+bombal%C4%B1+sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1da+1+ki%C5%9Fi+daha+hayat%C4%B1n%C4%B1+kaybetti&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberturk.com%2Fgundem%2Fhaber%2F1199782-ankaradaki-bombali-saldirida-1-kisi-daha-hayatini-kaybetti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1197428-ankaradaki-patlamada-olenlerin-isim-listesi">"Ankara'daki patlamada ölenlerin isim listesi"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ankara%27daki+patlamada+%C3%B6lenlerin+isim+listesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberturk.com%2Fgundem%2Fhaber%2F1197428-ankaradaki-patlamada-olenlerin-isim-listesi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160222082101/http://www.bugun.com.tr/gundem/ankara-patlama-patlama-haberleri-ankarada-2065126.html">"Ankarada patlamada ölenlerin isimleri belli oldu, 28 ocağa ateş düştü (ankara patlama)"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_sehitlerin-kimlikleri-belli-oldu_2347757.html">the original</a> on February 19, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ZAMAN&rft.atitle=%C5%9Eehitlerin+kimlikleri+belli+oldu&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fgundem_sehitlerin-kimlikleri-belli-oldu_2347757.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/ankara-bombing-kurdish-group-claims-responsibility-160219165710818.html">"Ankara bombing: Kurdish group claims responsibility"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ankara+bombing%3A+Kurdish+group+claims+responsibility&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F02%2Fankara-bombing-kurdish-group-claims-responsibility-160219165710818.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBotelho2015" class="citation web cs1">Botelho, Greg (2015-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/19/middleeast/turkey-ankara-attack/index.html">"Ankara bombing: Kurdish militants claim responsibility"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horizonweekly.ca/news/details/81146#.VskHOe_jwCA.facebook">the original</a> on 15 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=22+Turkish+Air+Force+pilots+killed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horizonweekly.ca%2Fnews%2Fdetails%2F81146%23.VskHOe_jwCA.facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aa.com.tr/en/world/pkks-organization-game/539390">"PKK's organization game"</a>. <i>Anadolu Agency</i>. 18 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329020404/http://aa.com.tr/en/world/pkks-organization-game/539390">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=PKK%27s+organization+game&rft.date=2016-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fworld%2Fpkks-organization-game%2F539390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-bursa-claim-idUSKCN0XS1F9">"Kurdish militants claim suicide bombing in Turkey's Bursa: website"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 1 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505105209/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-bursa-claim-idUSKCN0XS1F9?">Archived</a> from the original on 5 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Kurdish+militants+claim+suicide+bombing+in+Turkey%27s+Bursa%3A+website&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-blast-bursa-claim-idUSKCN0XS1F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-tak-idUSKCN0YW0LL">"Kurdish militant group says it was behind Istanbul bombing"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 10 June 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160611140456/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-tak-idUSKCN0YW0LL">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Kurdish+militant+group+says+it+was+behind+Istanbul+bombing&rft.date=2016-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-blast-tak-idUSKCN0YW0LL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/istanbul-bombing-terror-attack-police-station-yenibosna-responsibility-isis-kurds-killed-injured-a7348186.html">"Explosion outside police station in Istanbul"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 6 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110225603/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/istanbul-bombing-terror-attack-police-station-yenibosna-responsibility-isis-kurds-killed-injured-a7348186.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Explosion+outside+police+station+in+Istanbul&rft.date=2016-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fistanbul-bombing-terror-attack-police-station-yenibosna-responsibility-isis-kurds-killed-injured-a7348186.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-militants-idUSKBN149239">"PKK offshoot claims Kayseri bus bombing that killed 13 soldiers: Hurriyet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 20 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221150400/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-blast-militants-idUSKBN149239">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=PKK+offshoot+claims+Kayseri+bus+bombing+that+killed+13+soldiers%3A+Hurriyet&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-blast-militants-idUSKBN149239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/a/kurdish-militants-claim-attack-on-off-duty-turkish-soldiers/3643785.html">"Kurdish Militants Claim Attack on Off-duty Turkish Soldiers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a>. 20 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221091527/http://www.voanews.com/a/kurdish-militants-claim-attack-on-off-duty-turkish-soldiers/3643785.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kurdish+Militants+Claim+Attack+on+Off-duty+Turkish+Soldiers&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fkurdish-militants-claim-attack-on-off-duty-turkish-soldiers%2F3643785.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anfenglish.com/news/tak-claims-responsibility-for-the-recent-istanbul-and-kayseri-bombings">"TAK claims responsibility for the recent Istanbul and Kayseri bombings"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firat_News_Agency" title="Firat News Agency">Firat News Agency</a>. 20 December 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221234127/http://anfenglish.com/news/tak-claims-responsibility-for-the-recent-istanbul-and-kayseri-bombings">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TAK+claims+responsibility+for+the+recent+Istanbul+and+Kayseri+bombings&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanfenglish.com%2Fnews%2Ftak-claims-responsibility-for-the-recent-istanbul-and-kayseri-bombings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170602205127/http://www.dha.com.tr/izmirdeki-alcak-saldiriyi-tak-ustlendi_1433394.html">"DHA – Demirren Haber Ajans- Son Dakika Haberleri ve Goncel Haberler"</a>. <i>DHA News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dha.com.tr/izmirdeki-alcak-saldiriyi-tak-ustlendi_1433394.html">the original</a> on 2017-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DHA+News&rft.atitle=DHA+%E2%80%93+Demirren+Haber+Ajans-+Son+Dakika+Haberleri+ve+Goncel+Haberler&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dha.com.tr%2Fizmirdeki-alcak-saldiriyi-tak-ustlendi_1433394.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anfdeutsch.com/kurdistan/tak-gibt-identitaet-von-gefallener-kaempferin-bekannt-1784">"TAK gibt Identität von gefallener Kämpferin bekannt (In German"</a>. <i>ANF News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816150353/https://anfdeutsch.com/kurdistan/tak-gibt-identitaet-von-gefallener-kaempferin-bekannt-1784">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ANF+News&rft.atitle=TAK+gibt+Identit%C3%A4t+von+gefallener+K%C3%A4mpferin+bekannt+%28In+German&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanfdeutsch.com%2Fkurdistan%2Ftak-gibt-identitaet-von-gefallener-kaempferin-bekannt-1784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/adana-valilik-bombacisi-kadin-terorist-olu-ele-gecirildi-2146615/">"Adana Valilik bombacısı kadın terörist ölü ele geçirildi (In Turkish)"</a>. <i>Sözcü</i>. 25 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190816150352/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/adana-valilik-bombacisi-kadin-terorist-olu-ele-gecirildi-2146615/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B6zc%C3%BC&rft.atitle=Adana+Valilik+bombac%C4%B1s%C4%B1+kad%C4%B1n+ter%C3%B6rist+%C3%B6l%C3%BC+ele+ge%C3%A7irildi+%28In+Turkish%29&rft.date=2017-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sozcu.com.tr%2F2017%2Fgundem%2Fadana-valilik-bombacisi-kadin-terorist-olu-ele-gecirildi-2146615%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEccarius-Kelly2011" class="citation book cs1">Eccarius-Kelly, Vera (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhtRxs4CVSUC"><i>The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Praeger_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Praeger Publishers">Praeger</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36468-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-36468-6"><bdi>978-0-313-36468-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231016022311/https://books.google.com/books?id=DhtRxs4CVSUC">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-10-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Militant+Kurds%3A+A+Dual+Strategy+for+Freedom&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-36468-6&rft.aulast=Eccarius-Kelly&rft.aufirst=Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhtRxs4CVSUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurdistan+Freedom+Hawks" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113640/http://www.start.umd.edu/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=4381">Profile of the <i>Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</i></a> at the <a href="/wiki/Global_Terrorism_Database" title="Global Terrorism Database">Global Terrorism Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kurdish_organisations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kurdish_organisations" title="Template:Kurdish organisations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kurdish_organisations" title="Template talk:Kurdish organisations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish_organisations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kurdish organisations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kurdish_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_organisations" title="List of Kurdish organisations">Kurdish organisations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yezidi_National_Union_ULE" title="Yezidi National Union ULE">Yezidi National Union (ULE)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komala_Party_of_Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan">Komala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komalah_(CPI)" title="Komalah (CPI)">Komalah (CPI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Iranian_Kurdistan" title="Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan">Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran</a> (KDP-I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_(Iran)" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party (Iran)">Kurdistan Democratic Party</a> (KDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Freedom_Party" title="Kurdistan Freedom Party">Kurdistan Freedom Party</a> (PAK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Free_Life_Party" title="Kurdistan Free Life Party">Kurdistan Free Life Party</a> (PJAK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Iranian_Kurdistan_Struggle" title="Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle">Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipay_Rizgari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipay Rizgari">Sipay Rizgari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Call_and_Reform_Organization" title="Iranian Call and Reform Organization">Iranian Call and Reform Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_United_Front" title="Kurdish United Front">Kurdish United Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peshmerga" title="Peshmerga">Peshmerga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Protection_Force" title="Êzîdxan Protection Force">Êzîdxan Protection Force</a> (HPŞ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a> (YBŞ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asay%C3%AE%C5%9Fa_%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Asayîşa Êzîdxanê">Asayîşa Êzîdxanê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_Organization#Structure" title="Badr Organization">Fayli Kurd Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Kurdistan" title="Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan">Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Democratic National Union of Kurdistan">Democratic National Union of Kurdistan</a> (YNDK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Patriotic_Alliance_of_Kurdistan" title="Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan">Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan</a> (DPAK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for Change">Gorran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fayli_Grouping_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq">Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Islamic_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Islamic Group">Kurdistan Islamic Group</a> (IGK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Islamic_Movement" title="Kurdistan Islamic Movement">Kurdistan Islamic Movement</a> (IMK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Tribal_Association" title="Kurdish Tribal Association">Kurdish Tribal Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan_%E2%80%93_Iraq" title="Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq">Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Conservative_Party" title="Kurdistan Conservative Party">Kurdistan Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party">Kurdistan Democratic Party</a> (KDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_%E2%80%93_Progressive_Front" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front">Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Solution_Party" title="Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party">Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party</a> (PÇDK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Islamic_Union" title="Kurdistan Islamic Union">Kurdistan Islamic Union</a> (KIU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Generation_Movement" title="New Generation Movement">New Generation Movement</a> (NG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_List" title="Kurdistan List">Kurdistan List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Revolutionary_Party" title="Kurdistan Revolutionary Party">Kurdistan Revolutionary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Socialist_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party">Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party</a> (KSDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Toilers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Toilers' Party">Kurdistan Toilers' Party</a> (KZP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a> (PUK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_and_Reform_List" title="Service and Reform List">Service and Reform List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shursh" title="Shursh">Shursh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Political_parties" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Democratic_Party_(Lebanon)" title="Kurdish Democratic Party (Lebanon)">Kurdish Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razkari_Party" title="Razkari Party">Razkari Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Descendants_of_Saladin_Brigade" title="Descendants of Saladin Brigade">Descendants of Saladin Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">People's Protection Units</a> (YPG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a> (YPJ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabhat_al-Akrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat al-Akrad">Kurdish Front</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Political parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a> (KNC-ENKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Supreme_Committee" title="Kurdish Supreme Committee">Kurdish Supreme Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Alliance_in_Syria" title="Kurdish National Alliance in Syria">Kurdish National Alliance in Syria</a> (HNKS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party_of_Syria" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria">Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria</a> (KDP-S)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Democratic_Political_Union" title="Kurdish Democratic Political Union">Kurdish Democratic Political Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">Movement for a Democratic Society</a> (TEV-DEM)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Hezbollah" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Hezbollah">Kurdish Hizbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="People's Defence Forces">People's Defence Forces</a> (HPG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Women%27s_Units" title="Free Women's Units">Free Women's Units</a> (YJA-STAR)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a> (TAK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YDG-H" title="YDG-H">Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement</a> (YDG-H)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Protection_Units" title="Civil Protection Units">Civil Protection Units</a> (YPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Protection_Units-Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Protection Units-Women">Civil Protection Units-Women</a> (YPS-Jin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em"><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Political_Movement_in_Turkey" title="Kurdish Political Movement in Turkey">Political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Kurdistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Kurdistan">Communist Party of Kurdistan</a> (KKP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democracy Party (Turkey)">Democracy Party</a> (DEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_People%27s_Party_(Turkey)" title="Democratic People's Party (Turkey)">Democratic People's Party</a> (DEHAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Society_Party" title="Democratic Society Party">Democratic Society Party</a> (DTP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Regions_Party" title="Democratic Regions Party">Democratic Regions Party</a> (DBP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Cause_Party" title="Free Cause Party">Free Cause Party</a> (HÜDA PAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Democracy_Party" title="Freedom and Democracy Party">Freedom and Democracy Party</a> (ÖZDEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Equality_Party" title="Freedom and Equality Party">Freedom and Equality Party</a> (ÖZEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Communities_Union" title="Kurdistan Communities Union">Kurdistan Communities Union</a> (KCK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Islamic_Movement_(Turkey)" title="Kurdistan Islamic Movement (Turkey)">Kurdistan Islamic Movement</a> (HİK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Islamic Party of Kurdistan">Islamic Party of Kurdistan</a> (PİK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party/North" title="Kurdistan Democratic Party/North">Kurdistan Democratic Party/North</a> (KDP/Bakur)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party_(Turkey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace and Democracy Party (Turkey)">Peace and Democracy Party</a> (BDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)" title="Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)">Peoples' Democratic Party</a> (HDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_Party" title="People's Democracy Party">People's Democracy Party</a> (HADEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_Equality_and_Democracy_Party" title="Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party">Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party</a> (DEM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Labor_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Labor Party">People's Labor Party</a> (HEP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan">Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan</a> (PŞK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rights_and_Freedoms_Party" title="Rights and Freedoms Party">Rights and Freedoms Party</a> (HAK-PAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Rise_of_Kurdistan" title="Society for the Rise of Kurdistan">Society for the Rise of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xoyb%C3%BBn" title="Xoybûn">Xoybûn</a> (CSK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Vanguard_Party_of_Kurdistan" title="Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan">Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan</a> (PPKK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kurdistan" title="Kingdom of Kurdistan">Kingdom of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistansky_Uyezd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdistansky Uyezd">Kurdistansky Uyezd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ararat" title="Republic of Ararat">Republic of Ararat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Mahabad" title="Republic of Mahabad">Republic of Mahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_dynasties_and_countries" title="List of Kurdish dynasties and countries">List of Kurdish dynasties and countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&oldid=1255863032">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks&oldid=1255863032</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kurdistan_Freedom_Hawks" title="Category:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks">Kurdistan Freedom Hawks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_designated_as_terrorist_by_the_United_Kingdom" 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