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over effective depth</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: shear span over effective depth"> <meta name="keywords" content="shear span over effective depth"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="shear span over effective depth"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 13857</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: shear span over effective depth</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13677</span> Study on the Effects of Grassroots Characteristics on Reinforced Soil Performance by Direct Shear Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanbo%20Cheng">Zhanbo Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueyu%20Geng"> Xueyu Geng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetation slope protection technique is economic, aesthetic and practical. Herbs are widely used in practice because of rapid growth, strong erosion resistance, obvious slope protection and simple method, in which the root system of grass plays a very important role. In this paper, through changing the variables value of grassroots quantity, grassroots diameter, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the direct shear tests were carried out to discuss the change of shear strength indexes of grassroots reinforced soil under different reinforce situations, and analyse the effects of grassroots characteristics on reinforced soil performance. The laboratory test results show that: (1) in the certain number of grassroots diameter, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength, and cohesion first increase and then reduce with the increasing of grassroots quantity; (2) in the certain number of grassroots quantity, grassroots length and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength and cohesion rise with the increasing of grassroots diameter; (3) in the certain number of grassroots diameter, and grassroots reinforce layers, the value of shear strength and cohesion raise with the increasing of grassroots length in a certain range of grassroots quantity, while the value of shear strength and cohesion first rise and then decline with the increasing of grassroots length when the grassroots quantity reaches a certain value; (4) in the certain number of grassroots quantity, grassroots diameter, and grassroots length, the value of shear strength and cohesion first climb and then decline with the increasing of grassroots reinforced layers; (5) the change of internal friction angle is small in different parameters of grassroots. The research results are of importance for understanding the mechanism of vegetation protection for slopes and determining the parameters of grass planting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20shear%20test" title="direct shear test">direct shear test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20soil" title=" reinforced soil"> reinforced soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grassroots%20characteristics" title=" grassroots characteristics"> grassroots characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength%20indexes" title=" shear strength indexes"> shear strength indexes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85527/study-on-the-effects-of-grassroots-characteristics-on-reinforced-soil-performance-by-direct-shear-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13676</span> Analytical Solution for End Depth Ratio in Rectangular Channels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Abdulrahman">Abdulrahman Abdulrahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abir%20Abdulrahman"> Abir Abdulrahman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Free over-fall is an instrument for measuring discharge in open channels by measuring end depth. A comprehensive researchers investigated theoretically and experimentally brink phenomenon with various approaches for different cross-sectional shapes. Anderson's method, based on Boussinq's approximation and energy approach was used to derive a pressure distribution factor at end depth. Applying the one-dimensional momentum equation and the principles of limit slope analysis, a relevant analytical solution may be derived for brink depth ratio (EDR) in prismatic rectangular channel. Also relationships between end depth ratio and slope ratio for a given non-dimensional normal or critical depth with upstream supercritical flow regime are presented. Simple indirect procedure is used to estimate the end depth discharge ratio (EDD) for subcritical and supercritical flow using measured end depth. The comparison of this analysis with all previous theoretical and experimental studies showed an excellent agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20solution" title="analytical solution">analytical solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brink%20depth" title=" brink depth"> brink depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=end%20depth" title=" end depth"> end depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20measurement" title=" flow measurement"> flow measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20over%20fall" title=" free over fall"> free over fall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title=" hydraulics"> hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rectangular%20channel" title=" rectangular channel"> rectangular channel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286/analytical-solution-for-end-depth-ratio-in-rectangular-channels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13675</span> Seismic Evaluation of Multi-Plastic Hinge Design Approach on RC Shear Wall-Moment Frame Systems against Near-Field Earthquakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Tehranizadeh">Mohsen Tehranizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahboobe%20Forghani"> Mahboobe Forghani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of higher modes on the seismic response of dual structural system consist of concrete moment-resisting frame and with RC shear walls is investigated against near-field earthquakes in this paper. a 20 stories reinforced concrete shear wall-special moment frame structure is designed in accordance with ASCE7 requirements and The nonlinear model of the structure was performed on OpenSees platform. Nonlinear time history dynamic analysis with 3 near-field records are performed on them. In order to further understand the structural collapse behavior in the near field, the response of the structure at the moment of collapse especially the formation of plastic hinges is explored. The results revealed that the amplification of moment at top of the wall due to higher modes, the plastic hinge can form in the upper part of wall, even when designed and detailed for plastic hinging at the base only (according to ACI code).on the other hand, shear forces in excess of capacity design values can develop due to the contribution of the higher modes of vibration to dynamic response due to the near field can cause brittle shear or sliding failure modes. The past investigation on shear walls clearly shows the dual-hinge design concept is effective at reducing the effects of the second mode of response. An advantage of the concept is that, when combined with capacity design, it can result in relaxation of special reinforcing detailing in large portions of the wall. In this study, to investigate the implications of multi-design approach, 4 models with varies arrangement of hinge plastics at the base and height of the shear wall are considered. results base on time history analysis showed that the dual or multi plastic hinges approach can be useful in order to control the high moment and shear demand of higher mode effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20mode%20effect" title="higher mode effect">higher mode effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Near-field%20earthquake" title=" Near-field earthquake"> Near-field earthquake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20time%20history%20analysis" title=" nonlinear time history analysis"> nonlinear time history analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20plastic%20hinge%20design" title=" multi plastic hinge design"> multi plastic hinge design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22489/seismic-evaluation-of-multi-plastic-hinge-design-approach-on-rc-shear-wall-moment-frame-systems-against-near-field-earthquakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13674</span> Influence of Yield Stress and Compressive Strength on Direct Shear Behaviour of Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bensaid%20Boulekbache">Bensaid Boulekbache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostefa%20Hamrat"> Mostefa Hamrat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Chemrouk"> Mohamed Chemrouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofiane%20Amziane"> Sofiane Amziane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims in examining the influence of the paste yield stress and compressive strength on the behaviour of fibre-reinforced concrete (FRC) versus direct shear. The parameters studied are the steel fibre contents, the aspect ratio of fibres and the concrete strength. Prismatic specimens of dimensions 10x10x35cm made of concrete of various yield stress reinforced with steel fibres hooked at the ends with three fibre volume fractions (i.e. 0, 0.5, and 1%) and two aspects ratio (65 and 80) were tested to direct shear. Three types of concretes with various compressive strength and yield stress were tested, an ordinary concrete (OC), a self-compacting concrete (SCC) and a high strength concrete (HSC). The concrete strengths investigated include 30 MPa for OC, 60 MPa for SCC and 80 MPa for HSC. The results show that the shear strength and ductility are affected and have been improved very significantly by the fibre contents, fibre aspect ratio and concrete strength. As the compressive strength and the volume fraction of fibres increase, the shear strength increases. However, yield stress of concrete has an important influence on the orientation and distribution of the fibres in the matrix. The ductility was much higher for ordinary and self-compacting concretes (concrete with good workability). The ductility in direct shear depends on the fibre orientation and is significantly improved when the fibres are perpendicular to the shear plane. On the contrary, for concrete with poor workability, an inadequate distribution and orientation of fibres occurred, leading to a weak contribution of the fibres to the direct shear behaviour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title="concrete">concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre" title=" fibre"> fibre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=direct%20shear" title=" direct shear"> direct shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20stress" title=" yield stress"> yield stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientation" title=" orientation"> orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22002/influence-of-yield-stress-and-compressive-strength-on-direct-shear-behaviour-of-steel-fibre-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13673</span> Strengthening Evaluation of Steel Girder Bridge under Load Rating Analysis: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qudama%20Albu-Jasim">Qudama Albu-Jasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Kanaan"> Majdi Kanaan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A case study about the load rating and strengthening evaluation of the six-span of steel girders bridge in Colton city of State of California is investigated. To simulate the load rating strengthening assessment for the Colton Overhead bridge, a three-dimensional finite element model built in the CSiBridge program is simulated. Three-dimensional finite-element models of the bridge are established considering the nonlinear behavior of critical bridge components to determine the feasibility and strengthening capacity under load rating analysis. The bridge was evaluated according to Caltrans Bridge Load Rating Manual 1st edition for rating the superstructure using the Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) method. The analysis for the bridge was based on load rating to determine the largest loads that can be safely placed on existing I-girder steel members and permitted to pass over the bridge. Through extensive numerical simulations, the bridge is identified to be deficient in flexural and shear capacities, and therefore strengthening for reducing the risk is needed. An in-depth parametric study is considered to evaluate the sensitivity of the bridge’s load rating response to variations in its structural parameters. The parametric analysis has exhibited that uncertainties associated with the steel’s yield strength, the superstructure’s weight, and the diaphragm configurations should be considered during the fragility analysis of the bridge system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20rating" title="load rating">load rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSIBridge" title=" CSIBridge"> CSIBridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainties" title=" uncertainties"> uncertainties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141480/strengthening-evaluation-of-steel-girder-bridge-under-load-rating-analysis-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13672</span> Influence of Composite Adherents Properties on the Dynamic Behavior of Double Lap Bonded Joint</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Saleh">P. Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Challita"> G. Challita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hazimeh"> R. Hazimeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Khalil"> K. Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper 3D FEM analysis was carried out on double lap bonded joint with composite adherents subjected to dynamic shear. The adherents are made of Carbon/Epoxy while the adhesive is epoxy Araldite 2031. The maximum average shear stress and the stress homogeneity in the adhesive layer were examined. Three fibers textures were considered: UD; 2.5D and 3D with same volume fiber then a parametric study based on changing the thickness and the type of fibers texture in 2.5D was accomplished. Moreover, adherents’ dissimilarity was also investigated. It was found that the main parameter influencing the behavior is the longitudinal stiffness of the adherents. An increase in the adherents’ longitudinal stiffness induces an increase in the maximum average shear stress in the adhesive layer and an improvement in the shear stress homogeneity within the joint. No remarkable improvement was observed for dissimilar adherents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adhesive" title="adhesive">adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20adherents" title=" composite adherents"> composite adherents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20shear" title=" impact shear"> impact shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24695/influence-of-composite-adherents-properties-on-the-dynamic-behavior-of-double-lap-bonded-joint" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24695.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13671</span> Strategic Shear Wall Arrangement in Buildings under Seismic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akram%20Khelaifia">Akram Khelaifia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Guettala"> Salah Guettala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreddine%20Djafar%20Henni"> Nesreddine Djafar Henni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20Chebili"> Rachid Chebili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete shear walls are pivotal in protecting buildings from seismic forces by providing strength and stiffness. This study highlights the importance of strategically placing shear walls and optimizing the shear wall-to-floor area ratio in building design. Nonlinear analyses were conducted on an eight-story building situated in a high seismic zone, exploring various scenarios of shear wall positioning and ratios to floor area. Employing the performance-based seismic design (PBSD) approach, the study aims to meet acceptance criteria such as inter-story drift ratio and damage levels. The results indicate that concentrating shear walls in the middle of the structure during the design phase yields superior performance compared to peripheral distributions. Utilizing shear walls that fully infill the frame and adopting compound shapes (e.g., Box, U, and L) enhances reliability in terms of inter-story drift. Conversely, the absence of complete shear walls within the frame leads to decreased stiffness and degradation of shorter beams. Increasing the shear wall-to-floor area ratio in building design enhances structural rigidity and reliability regarding inter-story drift, facilitating the attainment of desired performance levels. The study suggests that a shear wall ratio of 1.0% is necessary to meet validation criteria for inter-story drift and structural damage, as exceeding this percentage leads to excessive performance levels, proving uneconomical as structural elements operate near the elastic range. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analyses" title="nonlinear analyses">nonlinear analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pushover%20analysis" title=" pushover analysis"> pushover analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall" title=" shear wall"> shear wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20hinge" title=" plastic hinge"> plastic hinge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20level" title=" performance level"> performance level</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182474/strategic-shear-wall-arrangement-in-buildings-under-seismic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13670</span> Numerical Analysis of Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall Panels Subjected to Cyclic Loading</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Meddah">H. Meddah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Berediaf-Bourahla"> M. Berediaf-Bourahla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20El-Djouzi"> B. El-Djouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Bourahla"> N. Bourahla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shear walls made of cold formed steel are used as lateral force resisting components in residential and low-rise commercial and industrial constructions. The seismic design analysis of such structures is often complex due to the slenderness of members and their instability prevalence. In this context, a simplified modeling technique across the panel is proposed by using the finite element method. The approach is based on idealizing the whole panel by a nonlinear shear link element which reflects its shear behavior connected to rigid body elements which transmit the forces to the end elements (studs) that resist the tension and the compression. The numerical model of the shear wall panel was subjected to cyclic loads in order to evaluate the seismic performance of the structure in terms of lateral displacement and energy dissipation capacity. In order to validate this model, the numerical results were compared with those from literature tests. This modeling technique is particularly useful for the design of cold formed steel structures where the shear forces in each panel and the axial forces in the studs can be obtained using spectrum analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title="cold-formed steel">cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20loading" title=" cyclic loading"> cyclic loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20technique" title=" modeling technique"> modeling technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title=" nonlinear analysis"> nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall%20panel" title=" shear wall panel"> shear wall panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55753/numerical-analysis-of-cold-formed-steel-shear-wall-panels-subjected-to-cyclic-loading" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13669</span> Determination of Poisson’s Ratio and Elastic Modulus of Compression Textile Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chongyang%20Ye">Chongyang Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rong%20Liu"> Rong Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Compression textiles such as compression stockings (CSs) have been extensively applied for the prevention and treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of lower extremities. The involvement of multiple mechanical factors such as interface pressure, frictional force, and elastic materials make the interactions between lower limb and CSs to be complex. Determination of Poisson’s ratio and elastic moduli of CS materials are critical for constructing finite element (FE) modeling to numerically simulate a complex interactive system of CS and lower limb. In this study, a mixed approach, including an analytic model based on the orthotropic Hooke’s Law and experimental study (uniaxial tension testing and pure shear testing), has been proposed to determine Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and shear modulus of CS fabrics. The results indicated a linear relationship existing between the stress and strain properties of the studied CS samples under controlled stretch ratios (< 100%). The newly proposed method and the determined key mechanical properties of elastic orthotropic CS fabrics facilitate FE modeling for analyzing in-depth the effects of compression material design on their resultant biomechanical function in compression therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20compression%20stockings" title="elastic compression stockings">elastic compression stockings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%E2%80%99s%20modulus" title=" Young’s modulus"> Young’s modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poisson%E2%80%99s%20ratio" title=" Poisson’s ratio"> Poisson’s ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20analysis" title=" mechanical analysis"> mechanical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152509/determination-of-poissons-ratio-and-elastic-modulus-of-compression-textile-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152509.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13668</span> Linear Regression Estimation of Tactile Comfort for Denim Fabrics Based on In-Plane Shear Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazli%20Uren">Nazli Uren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayse%20Okur"> Ayse Okur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tactile comfort of a textile product is an essential property and a major concern when it comes to customer perceptions and preferences. The subjective nature of comfort and the difficulties regarding the simulation of human hand sensory feelings make it hard to establish a well-accepted link between tactile comfort and objective evaluations. On the other hand, shear behavior of a fabric is a mechanical parameter which can be measured by various objective test methods. The principal aim of this study is to determine the tactile comfort of commercially available denim fabrics by subjective measurements, create a tactile score database for denim fabrics and investigate the relations between tactile comfort and shear behavior. In-plane shear behaviors of 17 different commercially available denim fabrics with a variety of raw material and weave structure were measured by a custom design shear frame and conventional bias extension method in two corresponding diagonal directions. Tactile comfort of denim fabrics was determined via subjective customer evaluations as well. Aforesaid relations were statistically investigated and introduced as regression equations. The analyses regarding the relations between tactile comfort and shear behavior showed that there are considerably high correlation coefficients. The suggested regression equations were likewise found out to be statistically significant. Accordingly, it was concluded that the tactile comfort of denim fabrics can be estimated with a high precision, based on the results of in-plane shear behavior measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denim%20fabrics" title="denim fabrics">denim fabrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in-plane%20shear%20behavior" title=" in-plane shear behavior"> in-plane shear behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20regression%20estimation" title=" linear regression estimation"> linear regression estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactile%20comfort" title=" tactile comfort"> tactile comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60967/linear-regression-estimation-of-tactile-comfort-for-denim-fabrics-based-on-in-plane-shear-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13667</span> Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Filled Steel I-Girder Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Ahmad%20Safi">Waheed Ahmad Safi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunichi%20Nakamura"> Shunichi Nakamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete filled steel I-girder (CFIG) bridge was proposed and the bending and shear strength was confirmed by experiments. The area surrounded by the upper and lower flanges and the web is filled with concrete in CFIG, which is used to the intermediate support of a continuous girder. Three-dimensional finite element models were established to simulate the bending and shear behaviors of CFIG and to clarify the load transfer mechanism. Steel plates and filled concrete were modeled as a three-dimensional 8-node solid element and steel reinforcement bars as a three-dimensional 2-node truss element. The elements were mostly divided into the 50 x 50 mm mesh size. The non-linear stress-strain relation is assumed for concrete in compression including the softening effect after the peak, and the stress increases linearly for concrete in tension until concrete cracking but then decreases due to tension stiffening effect. The stress-strain relation for steel plates was tri-linear and that for reinforcements was bi-linear. The concrete and the steel plates were rigidly connected. The developed FEM model was applied to simulate and analysis the bending behaviors of the CFIG specimens. The vertical displacements and the strains of steel plates and the filled concrete obtained by FEM agreed very well with the test results until the yield load. The specimens collapsed when the upper flange buckled or the concrete spalled off. These phenomena cannot be properly analyzed by FEM, which produces a small discrepancy at the ultimate states. The FEM model was also applied to simulate and analysis the shear tests of the CFIG specimens. The vertical displacements and strains of steel and concrete calculated by FEM model agreed well with the test results. A truss action was confirmed by the FEM and the experiment, clarifying that shear forces were mainly resisted by the tension strut of the steel plate and the compression strut of the filled concrete acting in the diagonal direction. A trail design with the CFIG was carried out for a four-span continuous highway bridge and the design method was established. Construction cost was estimated about 12% lower than that of a conventional steel I-section girder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20steel%20I-girder" title="concrete filled steel I-girder">concrete filled steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20strength" title=" bending strength"> bending strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20states%20design" title=" limit states design"> limit states design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20I-girder" title=" steel I-girder"> steel I-girder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66953/nonlinear-finite-element-analysis-of-concrete-filled-steel-i-girder-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66953.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13666</span> A Computational Study on Flow Separation Control of Humpback Whale Inspired Sinusoidal Hydrofoils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Joy">J. Joy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20H.%20New"> T. H. New</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20H.%20Ibrahim"> I. H. Ibrahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A computational study on bio-inspired NACA634-021 hydrofoils with leading-edge protuberances has been carried out to investigate their hydrodynamic flow control characteristics at a Reynolds number of 14,000 and different angles-of-attack. The numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS FLUENT and based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver mode incorporated with k-ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The results obtained indicate varying flow phenomenon along the peaks and troughs over the span of the hydrofoils. Compared to the baseline hydrofoil with no leading-edge protuberances, the leading-edge modified hydrofoils tend to reduce flow separation extents along the peak regions. In contrast, there are increased flow separations in the trough regions of the hydrofoil with leading-edge protuberances. Interestingly, it was observed that dissimilar flow separation behaviour is produced along different peak- or trough-planes along the hydrofoil span, even though the troughs or peaks are physically similar at each interval for a particular hydrofoil. Significant interactions between adjacent flow structures produced by the leading-edge protuberances have also been observed. These flow interactions are believed to be responsible for the dissimilar flow separation behaviour along physically similar peak- or trough-planes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20separation%20control" title=" flow separation control"> flow separation control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrofoils" title=" hydrofoils"> hydrofoils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leading-edge%20protuberances" title=" leading-edge protuberances"> leading-edge protuberances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44420/a-computational-study-on-flow-separation-control-of-humpback-whale-inspired-sinusoidal-hydrofoils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">328</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13665</span> Identifying Families in C-SPAN’s: U.S. Presidential Ratings: 2000, 2009, and 2017</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Cramer">Alexander Cramer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kenneth%20Cramer"> Kenneth Cramer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the inauguration of President George Washington in 1789, the United States of America has seen the governance of some 44 individual presidents. Although such presidents share a variety of attributes, they still differ from one another on many others. Significantly, these traits may be used to construct distinct sets of 'families' of presidents throughout American history. By comparatively analyzing data from experts on the U.S. presidency – in this case, the C-SPAN Presidential Historians Surveys from 2000, 2009, and 2017 – this article identifies a consistent set of six presidential families: the All Stars; the Conservative Visionaries; the Postwar Progressives; the Average Joes; the Forgettables; and the Regrettables. In situating these categories in history, this article argues that U.S. presidents can be accurately organized into cohesive, like-performing families whose constituents share a common set of criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POTUS%20presidential%20performance" title=" POTUS presidential performance"> POTUS presidential performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presidential%20ranking" title=" presidential ranking"> presidential ranking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presidential%20studies" title=" presidential studies"> presidential studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presidential%20surveys" title=" presidential surveys"> presidential surveys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=United%20States" title=" United States"> United States</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131923/identifying-families-in-c-spans-us-presidential-ratings-2000-2009-and-2017" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13664</span> Hydrodynamics of Shear Layers at River Confluences by Formation of Secondary Circulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Aghazadegan">Ali Aghazadegan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Shokri"> Ali Shokri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julia%20Mullarney"> Julia Mullarney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> River confluences are areas where there is a lot of mixing, which is often caused by the formation of shear layers and helical motions. The hydrodynamics of secondary circulation at river confluences with low flow discharge ratios and a 90° junction angle are investigated in this study. The analysis is based on Delft 3D modelling, which includes a three-dimensional time-averaged velocity field, turbulence, and water surface levels that have been validated using laboratory data. Confluence structure was characterized by shear layer, secondary circulation, and mixing at the junction and post confluence channel. This study analysis formation of the shear layer by generation of secondary circulations in variation discharge ratios. The values of streamwise, cross-wise, and vertical components are used to estimate the secondary circulation observed within and downstream of the tributary mouth. These variables are estimated for three horizontal planes at Z = [0.14; 0.07; 0.02] and for eight cross-sections at X = [-0.1; 0.00; 0.10; 0.2; 0.30; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6] within a range of 0.05 Y 0.30. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=river%20confluence" title="river confluence">river confluence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20layer" title=" shear layer"> shear layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20circulation" title=" secondary circulation"> secondary circulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title=" hydrodynamics"> hydrodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152370/hydrodynamics-of-shear-layers-at-river-confluences-by-formation-of-secondary-circulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152370.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13663</span> Numerical Modelling of Shear Zone and Its Implications on Slope Instability at Letšeng Diamond Open Pit Mine, Lesotho</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Nt%C5%A1olo">M. Ntšolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Kalumba"> D. Kalumba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Lefu"> N. Lefu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Letlatsa"> G. Letlatsa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rock mass damage due to shear tectonic activity has been investigated largely in geoscience where fluid transport is of major interest. However, little has been studied on the effect of shear zones on rock mass behavior and its impact on stability of rock slopes. At Let&scaron;eng Diamonds open pit mine in Lesotho, the shear zone composed of sheared kimberlite material, calcite and altered basalt is forming part of the haul ramp into the main pit cut 3. The alarming rate at which the shear zone is deteriorating has triggered concerns about both local and global stability of pit the walls. This study presents the numerical modelling of the open pit slope affected by shear zone at Let&scaron;eng Diamond Mine (LDM). Analysis of the slope involved development of the slope model by using a two-dimensional finite element code RS2. Interfaces between shear zone and host rock were represented by special joint elements incorporated in the finite element code. The analysis of structural geological mapping data provided a good platform to understand the joint network. Major joints including shear zone were incorporated into the model for simulation. This approach proved successful by demonstrating that continuum modelling can be used to evaluate evolution of stresses, strain, plastic yielding and failure mechanisms that are consistent with field observations. Structural control due to geological shear zone structure proved to be important in its location, size and orientation. Furthermore, the model analyzed slope deformation and sliding possibility along shear zone interfaces. This type of approach can predict shear zone deformation and failure mechanism, hence mitigation strategies can be deployed for safety of human lives and property within mine pits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title="numerical modeling">numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20pit%20mine" title=" open pit mine"> open pit mine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20zone" title=" shear zone"> shear zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slope%20stability" title=" slope stability"> slope stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60108/numerical-modelling-of-shear-zone-and-its-implications-on-slope-instability-at-letseng-diamond-open-pit-mine-lesotho" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13662</span> Influence оf Viscous Dampers on Seismic Response оf Isolated Bridges Including Soil Structure Interaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marija%20Vitanova">Marija Vitanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Bogdanovic"> Aleksandra Bogdanovic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20Edip"> Kemal Edip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viktor%20Hristovski"> Viktor Hristovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vlado%20Micov"> Vlado Micov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bridges represent critical structures in lifeline systems. They provide reliable modes of transportation, so their failure can seriously obstruct relief and rehabilitation work. Earthquake ground motions can cause significant damages in bridges, so during the strong earthquakes, they can easily collapse. The base isolation technique has been quite effective in seismic response mitigation of the bridges in reducing the piers base shear. The effect of soil structure interaction on the dynamic responses of seismically isolated three span girder bridge with viscous dampers is investigated. Viscous dampers are installed in the mid span of the bridge to control bearing displacement. The soil surrounding the foundation of piers has been analyzed by applying different soil densities in order to consider the soil stiffness. The soil medium has been assumed as a four layered infill as dense and loose medium. The boundaries in the soil medium are considered as infinite elements in order to absorb the radiating waves. The formulation of infinite elements is the same as for the finite elements in addition to the mapping of the domain. Based on the iso-parametric concept, the infinite element in global coordinate is mapped onto an element in local coordinate system. In the formulation of the infinite element, only the positive direction extends to infinity thus allowing the waves to propagate outside of the soil medium. Dynamic analyses for two levels of earthquake intensity are performed in time domain using direct integration method. In order to specify the effects of the SSI, the responses of the isolated and controlled isolated bridges are compared. It is observed that the soil surrounding the piers has significant effects on the bearing displacement of the isolated RC bridges. In addition, it is observed that the seismic responses of isolated RC bridge reduced significantly with the installation of the viscous dampers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20dampers" title="viscous dampers">viscous dampers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20girder%20bridges" title=" reinforced concrete girder bridges"> reinforced concrete girder bridges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20response" title=" seismic response"> seismic response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSI" title=" SSI"> SSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115095/influence-of-viscous-dampers-on-seismic-response-of-isolated-bridges-including-soil-structure-interaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13661</span> Removal of Textile Dye from Industrial Wastewater by Natural and Modified Diatomite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Aguedal">Hakim Aguedal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20Iddou"> Abdelkader Iddou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdallah%20Aziz"> Abdallah Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djillali%20Reda%20Merouani"> Djillali Reda Merouani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferhat%20Bensaleh"> Ferhat Bensaleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleh%20Bensadek"> Saleh Bensadek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US">The textile industry produces high amount of colored effluent each year. The management or treatment of these discharges depends on the applied techniques. Adsorption is one of wastewater treatment techniques destined to treat this kind of pollution, and the performance and efficiency predominantly depend on the nature of the adsorbent used. Therefore, scientific research is directed towards the development of new materials using different physical and chemical treatments to improve their adsorption capacities. In the same perspective, we looked at the effect of the heat treatment on the effectiveness of diatomite, which is found in abundance in Algeria. The textile dye Orange Bezaktiv (SRL-150) which is used as organic pollutants in this study is provided by the textile company SOITEXHAM in Oran city (west Algeria). The effect of different physicochemical parameters on the adsorption of SRL-150 on natural and modified diatomite is studied, and the results of the kinetics and adsorption isotherms were modeled.<o:p></o:p></span> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title="wastewater treatment">wastewater treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diatomite" title=" diatomite"> diatomite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title=" adsorption"> adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye%20pollution" title=" dye pollution"> dye pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kinetic" title=" kinetic"> kinetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotherm" title=" isotherm"> isotherm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57041/removal-of-textile-dye-from-industrial-wastewater-by-natural-and-modified-diatomite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57041.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13660</span> Investigation of Extreme Gradient Boosting Model Prediction of Soil Strain-Shear Modulus</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20Mehryaar">Ehsan Mehryaar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Bushehri"> Reza Bushehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the principal parameters defining the clay soil dynamic response is the strain-shear modulus relation. Predicting the strain and, subsequently, shear modulus reduction of the soil is essential for performance analysis of structures exposed to earthquake and dynamic loadings. Many soil properties affect soil’s dynamic behavior. In order to capture those effects, in this study, a database containing 1193 data points consists of maximum shear modulus, strain, moisture content, initial void ratio, plastic limit, liquid limit, initial confining pressure resulting from dynamic laboratory testing of 21 clays is collected for predicting the shear modulus vs. strain curve of soil. A model based on an extreme gradient boosting technique is proposed. A tree-structured parzan estimator hyper-parameter tuning algorithm is utilized simultaneously to find the best hyper-parameters for the model. The performance of the model is compared to the existing empirical equations using the coefficient of correlation and root mean square error. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title="XGBoost">XGBoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyper-parameter%20tuning" title=" hyper-parameter tuning"> hyper-parameter tuning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20shear%20modulus" title=" soil shear modulus"> soil shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20response" title=" dynamic response"> dynamic response</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141477/investigation-of-extreme-gradient-boosting-model-prediction-of-soil-strain-shear-modulus" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13659</span> The Application of Extend Spectrum-Based Pushover Analysis for Seismic Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Wall Structures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Liu">Yang Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures are one of the most popular and efficient structural forms for medium- and high-rise buildings to resist the action of earthquake loading. Thus, it is of great significance to evaluate the seismic demands of the RC shear walls. In this paper, the application of the extend spectrum-based pushover analysis (ESPA) method on the seismic evaluation of the shear wall structure is presented. The ESPA method includes a nonlinear consecutive pushover analysis procedure and a linear elastic modal response analysis procedure to consider the combination of modes in both elastic and inelastic cases. It is found from the results of case study that the ESPA method can predict the seismic performance of shear wall structures, including internal forces and deformations very well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20shear%20wall" title="reinforced concrete shear wall">reinforced concrete shear wall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20performance" title=" seismic performance"> seismic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20mode%20effect" title=" high mode effect"> high mode effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title=" nonlinear analysis"> nonlinear analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109639/the-application-of-extend-spectrum-based-pushover-analysis-for-seismic-evaluation-of-reinforced-concrete-wall-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13658</span> Sensitivity Parameter Analysis of Negative Moment Dynamic Load Allowance of Continuous T-Girder Bridge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Yang">Fan Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye-Lu%20Wang"> Ye-Lu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Zhao"> Yang Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The dynamic load allowance, as an application result of the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration theory, is an important parameter for bridge design and evaluation. Based on the coupled vehicle-bridge vibration theory, the current work establishes a full girder model of a dynamic load allowance, selects a planar five-degree-of-freedom three-axis vehicle model, solves the coupled vehicle-bridge dynamic response using the APDL language in the spatial finite element program ANSYS, selects the pivot point 2 sections as the representative of the negative moment section, and analyzes the effects of parameters such as travel speed, unevenness, vehicle frequency, span diameter, span number and forced displacement of the support on the negative moment dynamic load allowance through orthogonal tests. The influence of parameters such as vehicle speed, unevenness, vehicle frequency, span diameter, span number, and forced displacement of the support on the negative moment dynamic load allowance is analyzed by orthogonal tests, and the influence law of each influencing parameter is summarized. It is found that the effects of vehicle frequency, unevenness, and speed on the negative moment dynamic load allowance are significant, among which vehicle frequency has the greatest effect on the negative moment dynamic load allowance; the effects of span number and span diameter on the negative moment dynamic load allowance are relatively small; the effects of forced displacement of the support on the negative moment dynamic load allowance are negligible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20T-girder%20bridge" title="continuous T-girder bridge">continuous T-girder bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20load%20allowance" title=" dynamic load allowance"> dynamic load allowance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20analysis" title=" sensitivity analysis"> sensitivity analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle-bridge%20coupling" title=" vehicle-bridge coupling"> vehicle-bridge coupling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152547/sensitivity-parameter-analysis-of-negative-moment-dynamic-load-allowance-of-continuous-t-girder-bridge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13657</span> Peat Soil Stabilization Methods: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saberian">Mohammad Saberian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ali%20Rahgozar"> Mohammad Ali Rahgozar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Porhoseini"> Reza Porhoseini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Peat soil is formed naturally through the accumulation of organic matter under water and it consists of more than 75% organic substances. Peat is considered to be in the category of problematic soil, which is not suitable for construction, due to its high compressibility, high moisture content, low shear strength, and low bearing capacity. Since this kind of soil is generally found in many countries and different regions, finding desirable techniques for stabilization of peat is absolutely essential. The purpose of this paper is to review the various techniques applied for stabilizing peat soil and discuss outcomes of its improved mechanical parameters and strength properties. Recognizing characterization of stabilized peat is one of the most significant factors for architectural structures; as a consequence, various strategies for stabilization of this susceptible soil have been examined based on the depth of peat deposit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat%20soil" title="peat soil">peat soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title=" stabilization"> stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depth" title=" depth"> depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength" title=" strength"> strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength%20%28USC%29" title=" unconfined compressive strength (USC)"> unconfined compressive strength (USC)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36737/peat-soil-stabilization-methods-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36737.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13656</span> A Study on Performance-Based Design Analysis for Vertical Extension of Apartment Units</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsun%20Kim">Minsun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Sun%20Choi"> Ki-Sun Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jee%20Lee"> Hyun-Jee Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Chan%20You"> Young-Chan You</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is no reinforcement example for the renovation of the vertical and horizontal extension to existing building structures which is a shear wall type in apartment units in Korea. Among these existing structures, the structures which are shear wall type are rare overseas, while Korea has many shear wall apartment units. Recently, in Korea, a few researchers are trying to confirm the possibility of the vertical extension in existing building with shear walls. This study evaluates the possibility of the renovation by applying performance-based seismic design to existing buildings with shear walls in the analysis phase of the structure. In addition, force-based seismic design, used by general structural engineers in Korea, is carried out to compare the amount of reinforcement of walls, which is a main component of wall structure. As a result, we suggest that performance-based design obtains more economical advantages than force-based seismic design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20for%20extension" title="design for extension">design for extension</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance-based%20design" title=" performance-based design"> performance-based design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remodeling" title=" remodeling"> remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20wall%20frame" title=" shear wall frame"> shear wall frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79730/a-study-on-performance-based-design-analysis-for-vertical-extension-of-apartment-units" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13655</span> The Small Strain Effects to the Shear Strength and Maximum Stiffness of Post-Cyclic Degradation of Hemic Peat Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Adnan">Z. Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Habib"> M. M. Habib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The laboratory tests for measuring the effects of small strain to the shear strength and maximum stiffness development of post-cyclic degradation of hemic peat are reviewed in this paper. A series of laboratory testing has been conducted to fulfil the objective of this research to study the post-cyclic behaviour of peat soil and focuses on the small strain characteristics. For this purpose, a number of strain-controlled static, cyclic and post-cyclic triaxial tests were carried out in undrained condition on hemic peat soil. The shear strength and maximum stiffness of hemic peat are evaluated immediately after post-cyclic monotonic testing. There are two soil samples taken from West Johor and East Malaysia peat soil. Based on these laboratories and field testing data, it was found that the shear strength and maximum stiffness of peat soil decreased in post-cyclic monotonic loading than its initial shear strength and stiffness. In particular, degradation in shear strength and stiffness is more sensitive for peat soil due to fragile and uniform fibre structures. Shear strength of peat soil, τ<sub>max</sub> = 12.53 kPa (Beaufort peat, BFpt) and 36.61 kPa (Parit Nipah peat, PNpt) decreased than its initial 58.46 kPa and 91.67 kPa. The maximum stiffness, G<sub>max</sub> = 0.23 and 0.25 decreased markedly with post-cyclic, G<sub>max</sub> = 0.04 and 0.09. Simple correlations between the G<sub>max</sub> and the τ<sub>max</sub> effects due to small strain, ε = 0.1, the G<sub>max</sub> values for post-cyclic are relatively low compared to its initial G<sub>max</sub>. As a consequence, the reported values and patterns of both the West Johor and East Malaysia peat soil are generally the same. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-cyclic" title="post-cyclic">post-cyclic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20stiffness" title=" maximum stiffness"> maximum stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65062/the-small-strain-effects-to-the-shear-strength-and-maximum-stiffness-of-post-cyclic-degradation-of-hemic-peat-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13654</span> Effect of Density on the Shear Modulus and Damping Ratio of Saturated Sand in Small Strain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kakavand">M. Kakavand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Naeini"> S. A. Naeini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic properties of soil in small strains, especially for geotechnical engineers, are important for describing the behavior of soil and estimation of the earth structure deformations and structures, especially significant structures. This paper presents the effect of density on the shear modulus and damping ratio of saturated clean sand at various isotropic confining pressures. For this purpose, the specimens were compared with two different relative densities, loose Dr = 30% and dense Dr = 70%. Dynamic parameters were attained from a series of consolidated undrained fixed – free type torsional resonant column tests in small strain. Sand No. 161 is selected for this paper. The experiments show that by increasing sand density and confining pressure, the shear modulus increases and the damping ratio decreases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20properties" title="dynamic properties">dynamic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20modulus" title=" shear modulus"> shear modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damping%20ratio" title=" damping ratio"> damping ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20sand" title=" clean sand"> clean sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=confining%20pressure" title=" confining pressure"> confining pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonant%20column%2Ftorsional%20simple%20shear" title=" resonant column/torsional simple shear"> resonant column/torsional simple shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TSS" title=" TSS"> TSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111345/effect-of-density-on-the-shear-modulus-and-damping-ratio-of-saturated-sand-in-small-strain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111345.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13653</span> Unsteady 3D Post-Stall Aerodynamics Accounting for Effective Loss in Camber Due to Flow Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aritras%20Roy">Aritras Roy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rinku%20Mukherjee"> Rinku Mukherjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current study couples a quasi-steady Vortex Lattice Method and a camber correcting technique, ‘Decambering’ for unsteady post-stall flow prediction. The wake is force-free and discrete such that the wake lattices move with the free-stream once shed from the wing. It is observed that the time-averaged unsteady coefficient of lift sees a relative drop at post-stall angles of attack in comparison to its steady counterpart for some angles of attack. Multiple solutions occur at post-stall and three different algorithms to choose solutions in these regimes show both unsteadiness and non-convergence of the iterations. The distribution of coefficient of lift on the wing span also shows sawtooth. Distribution of vorticity changes both along span and in the direction of the free-stream as the wake develops over time with distinct roll-up, which increases with time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-stall" title="post-stall">post-stall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady" title=" unsteady"> unsteady</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wing" title=" wing"> wing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerodynamics" title=" aerodynamics"> aerodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81015/unsteady-3d-post-stall-aerodynamics-accounting-for-effective-loss-in-camber-due-to-flow-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13652</span> Effects of Pore-Water Pressure on the Motion of Debris Flow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Yu%20Lin">Meng-Yu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan-Ju%20Lee"> Wan-Ju Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pore-water pressure, which mediates effective stress and shear strength at grain contacts, has a great influence on the motion of debris flow. The factors that control the diffusion of excess pore-water pressure play very important roles in the debris-flow motion. This research investigates these effects by solving the distribution of pore-water pressure numerically in an unsteady, surging motion of debris flow. The governing equations are the depth-averaged equations for the motion of debris-flow surges coupled with the one-dimensional diffusion equation for excess pore-water pressures. The pore-pressure diffusion equation is solved using a Fourier series, which may improve the accuracy of the solution. The motion of debris-flow surge is modelled using a Lagrangian particle method. From the computational results, the effects of pore-pressure diffusivities and the initial excess pore pressure on the formations of debris-flow surges are investigated. Computational results show that the presence of pore water can increase surge velocities and then changes the profiles of depth distribution. Due to the linear distribution of the vertical component of pore-water velocity, pore pressure dissipates rapidly near the bottom and forms a parabolic distribution in the vertical direction. Increases in the diffusivity of pore-water pressure cause the pore pressures decay more rapidly and then decrease the mobility of the surge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title=" diffusion"> diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lagrangian%20particle%20method" title=" Lagrangian particle method"> Lagrangian particle method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore-pressure%20diffusivity" title=" pore-pressure diffusivity"> pore-pressure diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pore-water%20pressure" title=" pore-water pressure"> pore-water pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98059/effects-of-pore-water-pressure-on-the-motion-of-debris-flow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13651</span> Experimental and Analytical Study of Various Types of Shear Connector Used for Cold-Formed Steel-Ferrocement Composite Beam </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Alhajri">Talal Alhajri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20M.%20Tahir"> Mahmood M. Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Alenezi"> Khaled Alenezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Ragaee"> Mohamad Ragaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work presents the experimental tests carried out to evaluate the behaviour of different types of shear connectors proposed for cold formed steel (CFS) section integrated with ferrocement slab as potential used for composite beam. Ten push-out test specimens of cold-formed steel lipped channel sections connected with ferrocement slab were tested. Three types of shear connectors were studied comprised of bolts, self-drilling-screw and bar angle. The connection behavior is analysed in terms of its load-slip relationship and the failure mode. The parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect on the shear connector’s capacity by varying the number of layers of wire mesh used in ferrocement slab and types of shear connector used. An analytical analysis using ANSYS program and theoretical analysis (Eurocode 4) were carried out to verify the experiment results. The results show that the experimental, theoretical, and numerical values proved to have good agreement with each other. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title="cold-formed steel">cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20beam" title=" composite beam"> composite beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrocement" title=" ferrocement"> ferrocement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=push-out%20test" title=" push-out test"> push-out test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20connector" title=" shear connector"> shear connector</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14006/experimental-and-analytical-study-of-various-types-of-shear-connector-used-for-cold-formed-steel-ferrocement-composite-beam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14006.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13650</span> Punching Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs Using Internal Square Patches of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20Assi">Malik Assi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research presents a strengthening technique for enhancing the punching shear resistance of concrete flat slabs. Internal square patches of CFRP were centrally installed inside 450*450mm concrete panels during casting at a chosen distance from the tension face to produce six simply supported samples. The dimensions of those patches ranged from 50*50mm to 360*360mm. All the examined slabs contained the same amount of tensile reinforcement, had identical dimensions, were designed according to the American Concrete Institute code (ACI) and tested to failure. Compared to the control unstrengthened spacemen, all the strengthened slabs have shown an enhancement in punching capacity and stiffness. This enhancement has been found to be proportional to the area of the installed CFRP patches. In addition to the reasonably enhanced stiffness and punching shear, this strengthening technique can change the slab failure mode from shear to flexural. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFRP%20patches" title="CFRP patches">CFRP patches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flat%20slabs" title=" Flat slabs"> Flat slabs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexural" title=" Flexural"> Flexural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stiffness" title=" Stiffness"> Stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punching%20shear" title=" Punching shear"> Punching shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66194/punching-shear-strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-flat-slabs-using-internal-square-patches-of-carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13649</span> Laboratory Study on Behavior of Compacted Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20M.%20Mekkakia">M. M. Mekkakia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20P%20Luong"> M. P Luong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Arab"> A. Arab</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> These controlling the water content of compaction are a major concern of fundamental civil engineers. Also, the knowledge of the fundamentals of the behaviour of compacted clay soils is essential to predict and quantify the effects of a change in water content. The study of unsaturated soils is a very complex area which several studies are directed to in recent years. Our job work is to perform tests of Proctor, Oedometer and shear, on samples of unsaturated clay in order to see the influence of water content on the compressibility and the shear strength. The samples were prepared at different amounts of water from water content to optimum water contents close to saturation. This study thus allowed us to measure and monitor the parameters of compressibility and shear strength as a function of water content. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laboratory%20tests" title="laboratory tests">laboratory tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsaturated%20soil" title=" unsaturated soil"> unsaturated soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atterberg%20limits" title=" atterberg limits"> atterberg limits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compaction" title=" compaction"> compaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility" title=" compressibility"> compressibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear" title=" shear"> shear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3580/laboratory-study-on-behavior-of-compacted-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3580.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13648</span> Effect of Site Amplification on Seismic Safety Evaluation of Flyover Pier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Raihan%20Mukhlis">Mohammad Raihan Mukhlis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Abdur%20Rahman%20Bhuiyan"> M. Abdur Rahman Bhuiyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bangladesh is a developing country in which a lot of multi-span simply/continuous supported flyovers are being constructed in its major cities. Being situated in a seismically active region, seismic safety evaluation of flyovers is essential for seismic risk reduction. Effects of site amplification on seismic safety evaluation of flyover piers are the main concern of this study. In this regard, failure mode, lateral strength and displacement ductility of piers of a typical multi-span simply supported flyover have been evaluated by Japan Road Association (JRA) recommended guidelines, with and without considering site amplification. Ultimate flexural strengths of piers have been computed using the pushover analysis results. Shear capacity of piers has been calculated using the guidelines of JRA. Lateral strengths have been determined depending on the failure modes of the piers. Displacement ductility of piers has been computed using yield and ultimate displacements of the piers obtained from the pushover analysis results. Selected earthquake time history is used in seismic safety evaluation of the flyover piers. Finally, the ductility design method is used to conduct the seismic safety evaluation of the piers with and without considering site amplification. From the numerical results, it has been revealed that the effects of site amplification on seismic safety evaluation of bridge structures should be carefully taken into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement%20ductility" title="displacement ductility">displacement ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flyover%20pier" title=" flyover pier"> flyover pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20strength" title=" lateral strength"> lateral strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety%20evaluation" title=" safety evaluation"> safety evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=site%20amplification" title=" site amplification"> site amplification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98971/effect-of-site-amplification-on-seismic-safety-evaluation-of-flyover-pier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20span%20over%20effective%20depth&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20span%20over%20effective%20depth&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20span%20over%20effective%20depth&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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