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retainers</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: orthodontic retainers"> <meta name="keywords" content="orthodontic retainers"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="orthodontic retainers"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 58</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: orthodontic retainers</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Effect of Bonded and Removable Retainers on Occlusal Settling after Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umair%20Shoukat%20Ali">Umair Shoukat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamil%20Zafar"> Kamil Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashna%20Hoshang%20Sukhia"> Rashna Hoshang Sukhia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubassar%20Fida"> Mubassar Fida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aqeel%20Ahmed"> Aqeel Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effectiveness of bonded and removable retainers (Hawley and Essix retainer) in terms of improvement in occlusal settling (occlusal contact points/areas) after orthodontic treatment. Search Method: We searched the Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Web of Science, Orthodontic journals, and Google scholar for eligible studies. We included randomized control trials (RCT) along with Cohort studies. Studies that reported occlusal contacts/areas during retention with fixed bonded and removable retainers were included. To assess the quality of the RCTs Cochrane risk of bias tool was utilized, whereas Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for assessing the quality of cohort studies. Data analysis: The data analysis was limited to reporting mean values of occlusal contact points/areas with different retention methods. By utilizing the RevMan software V.5.3, a meta-analysis was performed for all the studies with the quantitative data. For the computation of the summary effect, a random effect model was utilized in case of high heterogeneity. I2 statistics were utilized to assess the heterogeneity among the selected studies. Results: We included 6 articles in our systematic review after scrutinizing 219 articles and eliminating them based on duplication, titles, and objectives. We found significant differences between fixed and removable retainers in terms of occlusal settling within the included studies. Bonded retainer (BR) allowed faster and better posterior tooth settling as compared to Hawley retainer (HR). However, HR showed good occlusal settling in the anterior dental arch. Essix retainer showed a decrease in occlusal contact during the retention phase. Meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between BR and removable retainers. Conclusions: HR allowed better overall occlusal settling as compared to other retainers in comparison. However, BR allowed faster settling in the posterior teeth region. Overall, there are insufficient high-quality RCTs to provide additional evidence, and further high-quality RCTs research is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20retainers" title="orthodontic retainers">orthodontic retainers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occlusal%20contact" title=" occlusal contact"> occlusal contact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawley" title=" Hawley"> Hawley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed" title=" fixed"> fixed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum-formed" title=" vacuum-formed"> vacuum-formed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149474/effect-of-bonded-and-removable-retainers-on-occlusal-settling-after-orthodontic-treatment-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149474.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> The Success Rate of Anterior Crowding Orthodontic Treatment Using Removable Appliances</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belly%20Yordan">Belly Yordan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthodontic treatment can be done by using the fix and removable orthodontic appliance. The success of treatment depends on the patient’s age, the type of malocclusion, treatment of space discrepancy, patient’s oral hygiene, operator skills, and patient cooperation. This case report was aimed to show the success of orthodontic treatment in patients with skeletal class I relationship, class I angle dental malocclusion with anterior crowding and rotation by using a removable appliance with modification. The removable appliance used is standard with removable plate components such as passive clasp (Adam’s hook clasp) accompanied with some active clasps (labial bow, some springs, etc.). A button is used as an additional tool or combined with other tools to correct tooth in rotated position. The results obtained by the success of treatments which is shown in pre and post-treatment photos, the overjet was reduced, the arch form became normal, the tooth malposition became normal, and rotation was corrected. Facial profile appearance of the patient is getting better, and the dental coordination also became better. This case report is to prove that treatment with the removable appliance is quite successful with the robust wearing of appropriate retainers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=success%20rate" title="success rate">success rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anterior%20crowding" title=" anterior crowding"> anterior crowding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removable%20appliances" title=" removable appliances"> removable appliances</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101221/the-success-rate-of-anterior-crowding-orthodontic-treatment-using-removable-appliances" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Assessment of Patient Cooperation and Compliance in Three Stages of Orthodontic Treatment in Adult Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafsa%20Qabool">Hafsa Qabool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashna%20Sukhia"> Rashna Sukhia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mubassar%20Fida"> Mubassar Fida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Success of orthodontic mechanotherapy is highly dependent upon patient cooperation and compliance throughout the duration of treatment. This study was conducted to assess the cooperation and compliance of adult orthodontic patients during the leveling and alignment, space closure/molar correction, and finishing stages of tooth movement. Materials and Methods: Patient cooperation and compliance among three stages of orthodontic treatment were assessed using the Orthodontic Patient Cooperation Scale (OPCS) and Clinical Compliance Evaluation (CCE) form. A sample size of 38 was calculated for each stage of treatment; therefore, 114 subjects were included in the study. Shapiro-Wilk test identified that the data were normally distributed. One way ANOVA was used to evaluate the percentage cooperation and compliance among the three stages. Pair-wise comparisons between the three stages were performed using Post-hoc Tukey. Results: Statistically significant difference was seen for scores of patient compliance using CCE (p = 0.01); however, the results of the OPCS showed a non-significant difference for patient cooperation (p = 0.16) among the three stages of treatment. Post-hoc analysis showed significant differences (p = 0.01) in patient cooperation and compliance between space closure and the finishing stage. Highly significant (p < 0.001) decline in oral hygiene was found with the progression of orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Improvement in the cooperation and compliance levels for adult orthodontic patients was observed during space closure & molar correction stage, which then showed a decline as treatment progressed. Oral hygiene was progressively compromised as orthodontic treatment progressed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20compliance" title="patient compliance">patient compliance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20orthodontics" title=" adult orthodontics"> adult orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20motivation" title=" orthodontic motivation"> orthodontic motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20patient%20adherence" title=" orthodontic patient adherence"> orthodontic patient adherence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122060/assessment-of-patient-cooperation-and-compliance-in-three-stages-of-orthodontic-treatment-in-adult-patients-a-cross-sectional-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122060.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Evaluation of Orthodontic Patients’ Dental Visits and Problems During Covid-19 Pandemic in Sari Dental School in 2021</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mobina%20Bagherianlemraski">Mobina Bagherianlemraski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parastoo%20Namdar"> Parastoo Namdar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The ongoing coronavirus disease has affected most countries. This virus has high transmission power. Due to the closure of most dental clinics, millions of orthodontic patients missed their appointments during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and sent to patients receiving orthodontic treatment at a public or private clinic. Results: A total of 200 responses were analyzed: These included 153 women (76.5%) and 47 men (23.5%). The mean and standard deviation of their age was 18.92±7.23 years, with an age range of 8 to 40 years. One hundred eighty-nine patients (94.5%) had fixed appliances, and 11 patients (5.5%) had removable appliances. Of all participants, 35% (70) missed their appointments. The highest and lowest reasons for stopping appointments were concerned about the spread of COVID-19 with 28 cases (40%) and the closure of the clinic with 15 cases (21.4%). Of the 53 patients who contacted their orthodontists, 86.8 % (46) communicated via office phone and 5.7% (3) through social media. Conclusion: This study determined that the coronavirus pandemic and quarantine have had an important impact on orthodontic treatments. The greatest concern of orthodontic patients was increasing in treatment duration. Patients who used fixed appliances reported missing dental appointments more than others. Therefore, during COVID 19 Pandemic, orthodontists should prepare patients to solve their problems linked to orthodontic appliances when possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20patients" title="orthodontic patients">orthodontic patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronavirus%20pandemic" title=" coronavirus pandemic"> coronavirus pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appointments" title=" appointments"> appointments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148813/evaluation-of-orthodontic-patients-dental-visits-and-problems-during-covid-19-pandemic-in-sari-dental-school-in-2021" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148813.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Common Orthodontic Indices and Classification in the United Kingdom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwini%20Mohan">Ashwini Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haris%20Batley"> Haris Batley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An orthodontic index is used to rate or categorise an individual’s occlusion using a numeric or alphanumeric score. Indexing of malocclusions and their correction is important in epidemiology, diagnosis, communication between clinicians as well as their patients and assessing treatment outcomes. Many useful indices have been put forward, but to the author’s best knowledge, no one method to this day appears to be equally suitable for the use of epidemiologists, public health program planners and clinicians. This article describes the common clinical orthodontic indices and classifications used in United Kingdom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indices" title=" indices"> indices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity" title=" validity"> validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152293/common-orthodontic-indices-and-classification-in-the-united-kingdom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Ultrasonic Densitometry of Alveolar Bone Jaw during Retention Period of Orthodontic Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20A.%20Belousova">Margarita A. Belousova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergey%20N.%20Ermoliev"> Sergey N. Ermoliev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nina%20K.%20Loginova"> Nina K. Loginova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The method of intraoral ultrasound densitometry developed to diagnose mineral density of alveolar bone jaws during retention period of orthodontic treatment (Patent of Russian Federation № 2541038). It was revealed significant decrease of the ultrasonic wave speed and bone mineral density in patients with relapses dentition anomalies during retention period of orthodontic treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraoral%20ultrasonic%20densitometry" title="intraoral ultrasonic densitometry">intraoral ultrasonic densitometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20of%20sound" title=" speed of sound"> speed of sound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alveolar%20jaw%20bone" title=" alveolar jaw bone"> alveolar jaw bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relapses%20of%20dentition%20anomalies" title=" relapses of dentition anomalies"> relapses of dentition anomalies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20period%20of%20orthodontic%20treatment" title=" retention period of orthodontic treatment"> retention period of orthodontic treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22989/ultrasonic-densitometry-of-alveolar-bone-jaw-during-retention-period-of-orthodontic-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Teenagers’ Decisions to Undergo Orthodontic Treatment: A Qualitative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Nematshahrbabaki">Babak Nematshahrbabaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fallahi%20Arezoo"> Fallahi Arezoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The aim of this study was to describe teenagers’ decisions to undergo orthodontic treatment through a qualitative study. Materials and methods: Twenty-three patients (12 girls), aged 12–18 years, at a dental clinic in Sanandaj the western part of Iran participated. Face-to-face and semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions were held to gather data. Data analyzed by the grounded theory method. Results: ‘Decision-making’ was the core category. During the data analysis four main themes were developed: ‘being like everyone else’, ‘being diagnosed’, ‘maintaining the mouth’ and ‘cultural-social and environmental factors’. Conclusions: cultural- social and environmental factors have crucial role in decision-making to undergo orthodontic treatment. The teenagers were not fully conscious of these external influences. They thought their decision to undergo orthodontic treatment is independent while it is related to cultural- social and environmental factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision-making" title="decision-making">decision-making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20study" title=" qualitative study"> qualitative study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teenager" title=" teenager"> teenager</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25883/teenagers-decisions-to-undergo-orthodontic-treatment-a-qualitative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25883.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Dealing with the Spaces: Ultra Conservative Approach from Childhood to Adulthood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Firouzmandi">Maryam Firouzmandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moosa%20Miri"> Moosa Miri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Common reasons for early tooth loss are trauma, extraction due to caries or periodontal disease and congenital missing. The remaining space after tooth loss may cause functional and esthetic problems. Therefore restorative dentists should attempt to manage these spaces using conservative methods. The goal is to restore the lost esthetic and function, prevent phonetic, self-esteem and personality problems and tongue habits. Preserving alveolar bone is also of great importance during the growth stage. Purpose: When deciding about the management of the missing tooth, space implants are contradicted until the completion of dentoalveolar development. Even in adulthood, due to systemic or periodontal problems or biological and economic issues, the implant might not be indicated. In this article, the alternative conservative restorative methods of space maintenance are going to be discussed. Essix retainers are made chair-side as easy as forming a custom bleaching tray with some modifications. They are esthetically acceptable and not expensive. These temporaries provide support for the lips but could not be used during function. Mini-screw-supported temporaries are another option for maintaining the space, especially after orthodontic treatment when there is a time lag between the termination of orthodontic treatment and definitive restoration. Two techniques will be presented for this kind of restoration: Denture tooth pontic or a composite crown. The benefits are alveolar bone preservation, Physiologic pressure on the alveolar ridge to increase its density and even can be retained until the completion of the definitive treatment. Bonded fixed partial denture includes Maryland bridge, fiber-reinforced composite bridge, resin-bonded bridge, and ceramic bonded bridge. These types of bridges are recommended to be used after a pubertal growth spurt and a recent meta-analysis considered their clinical success similar to conventional FDPs and implant-supported crowns. However, they have several advantages that are going to be discussed by presenting some clinical examples. Practical instruction on how to construct an FRC bridge and a novel chair-side Maryland bridge will be given by means of clinical cases. Clinical relevance: minimally invasive options should always be considered and destruction of healthy enamel and dentin during the preparation phase should be avoided as much as possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20missing" title="tooth missing">tooth missing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber-reinforced%20composite" title=" fiber-reinforced composite"> fiber-reinforced composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryland" title=" Maryland"> Maryland</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essix%20retainers" title=" Essix retainers"> Essix retainers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=screw-retained%20restoration" title=" screw-retained restoration"> screw-retained restoration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141986/dealing-with-the-spaces-ultra-conservative-approach-from-childhood-to-adulthood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Evaluation of Salivary Nickel Level During Orthodontic Treatment </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudafara%20S.%20Bengleil">Mudafara S. Bengleil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juma%20M.%20Orfi"> Juma M. Orfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Abdelgader"> Iman Abdelgader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since nickel is a known toxic and carcinogenic metal, the present study was designed to evaluate the level of nickel released into the saliva of orthodontic patients. Non-stimulated saliva was collected from 18 patients attending The Orthodontic Clinic of Dental Faculty of Benghazi University. Patients were divided into two groups and level of nickel was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Nickel concentration values (mg/L) in first group prior to starting treatment was 0.097± 0.071. An increase in level of nickel was followed by decrease 4 and 8 weeks after applying the arch wire (0.208± 0.112) and (0.077±0.056 mg/L) respectively. Nickel levels in saliva of the second group were showed minimal variation and ranged from 0.061± 0.044mg/L to 0.083±0.054 throughout period of study. It may be concluded that there could be a release of nickel from the appliance used in first group but it doesn't reach toxic level in saliva. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20absorption%20spectrophotometry" title="atomic absorption spectrophotometry">atomic absorption spectrophotometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saliva" title=" saliva"> saliva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4393/evaluation-of-salivary-nickel-level-during-orthodontic-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Observation of the Orthodontic Tooth's Long-Term Movement Using Stereovision System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Yuan%20Tseng">Hao-Yuan Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuan-Yang%20Chang"> Chuan-Yang Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Hui%20Chen"> Ying-Hui Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Che%20Chen"> Sheng-Che Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Han%20Chang"> Chih-Han Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthodontic tooth treatment has demonstrated a high success rate in clinical studies. It has been agreed upon that orthodontic tooth movement is based on the ability of surrounding bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) to react to a mechanical stimulus with remodeling processes. However, the mechanism of the tooth movement is still unclear. Recent studies focus on the simple principle compression-tension theory while rare studies directly measure tooth movement. Therefore, tracking tooth movement information during orthodontic treatment is very important in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism responses of the tooth movement during the orthodontic treatments. A stereovision system applied to track the tooth movement of the patient with the stamp brackets. The system was established by two cameras with their relative position calibrate. And the orthodontic force measured by 3D printing model with the six-axis load cell to determine the initial force application. The result shows that the stereovision system accuracy revealed the measurement presents a maximum error less than 2%. For the study on patient tracking, the incisor moved about 0.9 mm during 60 days tracking, and half of movement occurred in the first few hours. After removing the orthodontic force in 100 hours, the distance between before and after position incisor tooth decrease 0.5 mm consisted with the release of the phenomenon. Using the stereovision system can accurately locate the three-dimensional position of the teeth and superposition of 3D coordinate system for all the data to integrate the complex tooth movement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title="orthodontic treatment">orthodontic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20movement" title=" tooth movement"> tooth movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stereovision%20system" title=" stereovision system"> stereovision system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20tracking" title=" long-term tracking"> long-term tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45507/observation-of-the-orthodontic-tooths-long-term-movement-using-stereovision-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> The Influence of α-Defensin and Cytokine IL-1β, Molecular Factors of Innate Immune System, on Regulation of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases in Orthodontic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20R.%20Khaliullina">G. R. Khaliullina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20L.%20Blashkova"> S. L. Blashkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20G.%20Mustafin"> I. G. Mustafin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article presents the results of a study involving 97 patients with different types of orthodontic pathology. Immunological examination of patients included determination of the level of α-defensin and cytokine IL-1β in mixed saliva. The study showed that the level of α-defensin serves as a diagnostic marker for determining the therapeutic measures in the treatment of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues. Α-defensins exhibit immunomodulating and antimicrobial activity during inflammatory processes and play an important role in the regulation of the pathology of periodontal disease. The obtained data allowed the development of an algorithm for diagnosis and the implementation of immunomodulating therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases in orthodontic patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-difensin" title="α-difensin">α-difensin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine" title=" cytokine"> cytokine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodontal%20disease" title=" periodontal disease"> periodontal disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=periodontal%20pathogens" title=" periodontal pathogens"> periodontal pathogens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111295/the-influence-of-a-defensin-and-cytokine-il-1v-molecular-factors-of-innate-immune-system-on-regulation-of-inflammatory-periodontal-diseases-in-orthodontic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">47</span> Ultrasonic Densitometry of Bone Tissue of Jaws and Phalanges of Fingers in Patients after Orthodontic Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margarita%20Belousova">Margarita Belousova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ultrasonic densitometry (RU patent № 2541038) was used to assess the density of the bone tissue in the jaws of patients after orthodontic treatment. In addition, by ultrasonic densitometry assessed the state of the bone tissue in the region III phalanges of middle fingers in above mentioned patients. A comparative study was carried out in healthy volunteers of same age. It was established a significant decrease of the ultrasound wave speed and bone mineral density after active period of orthodontic treatment. Statistically, significant differences in bone mineral density of the fingers by ultrasonic densitometry in both groups of patients were not detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intraoral%20ultrasonic%20densitometry" title="intraoral ultrasonic densitometry">intraoral ultrasonic densitometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tissue%20density%20of%20jaws" title=" bone tissue density of jaws"> bone tissue density of jaws</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20tissue%20density%20of%20phalanges%20of%20fingers" title=" bone tissue density of phalanges of fingers"> bone tissue density of phalanges of fingers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54572/ultrasonic-densitometry-of-bone-tissue-of-jaws-and-phalanges-of-fingers-in-patients-after-orthodontic-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">46</span> Sustainable Development in Orthodontics: Orthodontic Archwire Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saarah%20Juman">Saarah Juman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilona%20Johnson"> Ilona Johnson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Richmond"> Stephen Richmond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brett%20Duane"> Brett Duane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheelagh%20Rogers"> Sheelagh Rogers</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Researchers suggest that within 50 years or less, the available supply of a range of metals will be exhausted, potentially leading to increases in resource conflict and largescale production shortages. The healthcare, dental and orthodontic sectors will undoubtedly be affected as stainless steel instruments are generally heavily relied on. Although changing orthodontic archwires are unavoidable and necessary to allow orthodontic tooth movement through the progression of an archwire sequence with fixed appliances, they are thought to be manufactured in excess of what is needed. Furthermore, orthodontic archwires require trimming extraorally to allow safe intraoral insertion, thus contributing to unnecessary waste of natural resources. Currently, there is no evidence to support the optimisation of archwire length according to orthodontic fixed appliance stage. As such, this study aims to quantify archwire excess (extraoral archwire trimmings) for different stages of orthodontic fixed appliance treatment. Methodology: This prospective, observational, quantitative study observed trimmings made extraorally against pre-treatment study models by clinicians over a 3-month period. Archwires were categorised into one of three categories (initial aligning, sequence, working/finishing arcwhires) within the orthodontic fixed appliance archwire sequence. Data collection included archwire material composition and the corresponding length and weight of excess archwire. Data was entered using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and imported into statistical software to obtain simple descriptive statistics. Results: Measurements were obtained for a total of 144 archwires. Archwire materials included nickel titanium and stainless steel. All archwires observed required extraorally trimming to allow safe intraoral insertion. The manufactured lengths of orthodontic initial aligning, sequence, and working/finishing arcwhires were at least 31%, 26%, and 39% in excess, respectively. Conclusions: Orthodontic archwires are manufactured to be excessively long at all orthodontic archwire sequence stages. To conserve natural resources, this study’s findings support the optimisation of orthodontic archwire lengths by manufacturers according to the typical stages of an orthodontic archwire sequence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=archwire" title="archwire">archwire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144797/sustainable-development-in-orthodontics-orthodontic-archwire-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">45</span> An Innovative Non-Invasive Method To Improve The Stability Of Orthodontic Implants: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dr.">Dr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suchita%20Daokar"> Suchita Daokar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Successful orthodontic treatment has always relied on anchorage. The stability of the implants depends on bone quantity, mini-implant design, and placement conditions. Out of the various methods of gaining stability, Platelet concentrations are gaining popularity for various reasons. PRF is a minimally invasive method, and there are various studies that has shown its role in enhancing the stability of general implants. However, there is no literature found regarding the effect of PRF in enhancing the stability of the orthodontic implant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and assess the efficacy of PRF on the stability of the orthodontic implant. Methods: The study comprised of 9 subjects aged above 18 years of age. The split mouth technique was used; Group A (where implants were coated before insertion) and group B (implant were normally inserted). The stability of the implant was measured using resonance frequency analysis at insertion (T0), 24 hours (T1), 2 weeks (T2), at 4 weeks (T3), at 6 weeks (T4), and 8 weeks (T5) after insertion. Result: Statistically significant findings were found when group A was compared to group B using ANOVA test (p<0.05). The stability of the implant of group A at each time interval was greater than group B. The implant stability was high at T0 and reduces at T2, and increasing through T3 to T5. The stability was highest at T5. Conclusion: A chairside, minimally invasive procedure ofPRF coating on implants have shown promising results in improving the stability of orthodontic implants and providing scope for future studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orthodontic%20implants" title="Orthodontic implants">Orthodontic implants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stablity" title=" stablity"> stablity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance%20Frequency%20Analysis" title=" resonance Frequency Analysis"> resonance Frequency Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre" title=" pre"> pre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140299/an-innovative-non-invasive-method-to-improve-the-stability-of-orthodontic-implants-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">44</span> The Use of Orthodontic Pacifiers to Prevent Pacifier Induced Malocclusion - A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliha%20Ahmed%20Suleman">Maliha Ahmed Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Ahmed%20Suleman"> Sidra Ahmed Suleman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The use of pacifiers is common amongst infants and young children as a comforting behavior. These non-nutritive sucking habits can be detrimental to the developing occlusion should they persist while the permanent dentition is established. Orthodontic pacifiers have been recommended as an alternative to conventional pacifiers as they are considered to have less interference with orofacial development. However, there is a lack of consensus on whether this is true. Aim and objectives: To review the prevalence of malocclusion associated with the use of orthodontic pacifiers. Methodology: Literature was identified through a rigorous search of the Embase, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles published from 2000 onwards were included. In total, 5 suitable papers were identified. Results: One study showed that the use of orthodontic pacifiers increased the risk of malocclusion, as seen through a greater prevalence of accentuated overjet, posterior crossbites, and anterior open bites in comparison to individuals who did not use pacifiers. However, this study found that there was a clinically significant reduction in the prevalence of anterior open bites amongst orthodontic pacifier users in comparison to conventional pacifier users. Another study found that both types of pacifiers lead to malocclusion; however, they found no difference in the mean overjet and prevalence of anterior open bites amongst conventional and orthodontic pacifier users. In contrast, one study suggested that orthodontic pacifiers do not seem to be related to the development of malocclusions in the primary dentitions, and using them between the ages of 0-3 months was actually beneficial as it prevents thumb-sucking habits. One of the systemic reviews concluded that orthodontic pacifiers do not seem to reduce the occurrence of posterior crossbites; however, they could reduce the development of open bites by virtue of their thin neck design. Whereas another systematic review concluded that there were no differences as to the effects on the stomatognathic system when comparing conventional and orthodontic pacifiers. Conclusion: There is limited and conflicting evidence to support the notion that orthodontic pacifiers can reduce the prevalence of malocclusion when compared to conventional pacifiers. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are required in the future in order to thoroughly assess the effects of orthodontic pacifiers on the developing occlusion and orofacial structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title="orthodontics">orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pacifier" title=" pacifier"> pacifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malocclusion" title=" malocclusion"> malocclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=review" title=" review"> review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157715/the-use-of-orthodontic-pacifiers-to-prevent-pacifier-induced-malocclusion-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">85</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">43</span> Optimum Er: YAG Laser Parameters for Orthodontic Composite Debonding: An in vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Zamzam">Mohammad Zamzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wesam%20Bachir"> Wesam Bachir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imad%20Asaad"> Imad Asaad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several studies have produced estimates of Er:YAG laser parameters and specifications but there is still insufficient data for reliable selection of laser parameters. As a consequence, there is a heightened need for ideal specifications of Er:YAG laser to reduce the amount of enamel ablation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of Er:YAG laser parameters, energy level and pulse duration, on orthodontic composite removal after bracket debonding. The sample consisted of 45 cuboids of orthodontic composite made by plastic moulds. The samples were divided into three groups, each was irradiated with Er:YAG laser set at different energy levels and three values for pulse durations (50 µs, 100 µs, and 300 µs). Geometrical parameters (depth and area) of cavities formed by laser irradiation were determined. ANCOVA test showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.0.5) between the groups indicating a potential effect of laser pulse duration on the geometrical parameters after controlling laser energy level. A post-hoc Bonferroni test ranked the 50µ Er:YAG laser pulse as the most influential factor for all geometrical parameters in removing remnant composite from enamel surface. Also, 300 mJ laser pulses caused the largest removal of the composite. The results of the present study demonstrated the efficacy of 50 µs and 300 mJ Er:YAG laser pulse for removal of remnant orthodontic composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enamel" title="enamel">enamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er%3AYAG" title=" Er:YAG"> Er:YAG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20parameters" title=" geometrical parameters"> geometrical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20composite" title=" orthodontic composite"> orthodontic composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remnant%20composite" title=" remnant composite"> remnant composite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6666/optimum-er-yag-laser-parameters-for-orthodontic-composite-debonding-an-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> The Effect of Enamel Surface Preparation on the Self-Etch Bonding of Orthodontic Tubes: An in Vitro Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fernandes%20A.%20C.%20B.%20C.%20J.">Fernandes A. C. B. C. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20Jesus%20V.%20C."> de Jesus V. C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sepideh%20N."> Sepideh N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vilela%20OFGG"> Vilela OFGG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somarin%20K.%20K."> Somarin K. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fran%C3%A7a%20R."> França R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pinheiro%20F.%20H.%20S.%20L."> Pinheiro F. H. S. L.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of pre-treatment of enamel with pumice and/or 37% phosphoric acid on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic tubes bonded to enamel while simultaneously evaluating the efficacy of orthodontic tubes bonded by self-etch primer (SEP). Materials and Methods: 39 of the crown halves were divided into 3 groups at random. Group, I was the control group utilizing both prophy paste and the conventional double etching pre-treatment method. Group II excluded the use of prophy paste prior to double etching. Group III excluded the use of both prophy paste and double etching and only utilized SEP. Bond strength of the orthodontic tubes was measured by SBS. One way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test were used to compare SBS values between the three groups. The statistical significance was set to p<0.05. Results: The difference in SBS values of groups I (36.672 ± 9.315 Mpa), II (34.242 ± 9.986 Mpa), and III (39.055 ± 5.565) were not statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the use of prophy paste or pre-acid etch of the enamel surface did not provide a statistically significant difference in SBS between the three groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20bond%20strength" title="shear bond strength">shear bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20bracket" title=" orthodontic bracket"> orthodontic bracket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-etch%20primer" title=" self-etch primer"> self-etch primer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pumice" title=" pumice"> pumice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prophy" title=" prophy"> prophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142849/the-effect-of-enamel-surface-preparation-on-the-self-etch-bonding-of-orthodontic-tubes-an-in-vitro-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> The Orthodontic Management of Multiple Tooth Agenesis with Macroglossia in Adult Patient: Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanuarti%20Retnaningrum">Yanuarti Retnaningrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cendrawasih%20A.%20Farmasyanti"> Cendrawasih A. Farmasyanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuswahyuning"> Kuswahyuning</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthodontists find challenges in treating patients who have cases of macroglossia and multiple tooth agenesis because difficulties in determining the causes, formulating a diagnosis and the potential for relapse after treatment. Definition of macroglossia is a tongue enlargement due to muscle hypertrophy, tumor or an endocrine disturbance. Macroglossia may cause many problems such as anterior proclination of upper and lower incisors, development of general diastema and anterior and/ or posterior open bite. Treatment for such patients with multiple tooth agenesis and macroglossia can be complex and must consider orthodontic and/or surgical interventions. This article discusses an orthodontic non surgical approach to a patient with a general diastema in both maxilla and mandible associated with multiple tooth agenesis and macroglossia. Fixed orthodontic therapy with straightwire appliance was used for space closure in anterior region of maxilla and mandible, also to create a space suitable for future prosthetic restoration. After 12 months treatment, stable and functional occlusal relationships was achieved, although still have edentulous area in both maxilla and mandible. At the end of the orthodontic treatment was obtained with correct overbite and overjet values. After removal of the brackets, a maxillary and mandibular removable retainer combine with artificial tooth were placed for retention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20diastema" title="general diastema">general diastema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroglossia" title=" macroglossia"> macroglossia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20closure" title=" space closure"> space closure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20agenesis" title=" tooth agenesis"> tooth agenesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75723/the-orthodontic-management-of-multiple-tooth-agenesis-with-macroglossia-in-adult-patient-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Combined Orthodontic and Restorative Management of Complex Cases: Concepts and Case Reports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Awais%20Ali">Awais Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesham%20Ali"> Hesham Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The absence of teeth through either premature loss or developmental absence is a common condition with potentially severe impact on affected individuals. Management of these cases presents a clinical challenge which may be difficult to resolve given the effects of tooth loss or hypodontia over the course of a patient’s lifetime. Treatment of such cases is often best provided by a multi-disciplinary team, where the patient’s expectations and care delivery can be optimally managed. Orthodontic treatment is often used to prepare the dentition in advance of restorative replacement of missing teeth. Conversely, the placement of implants may precede the delivery of orthodontic treatment and indeed may function as an adjunctive orthodontic procedure. We discuss the use of both approaches here and illustrate their clinical implementation with two case reports. The first case demonstrates the use of fixed appliances to prepare the mouth for an opposing implant-retained complete denture. A second case demonstrates the use of implant-retained crowns to provide orthodontic anchorage in a partially dentate patient. We propose that complex cases such as these should always be planned and treated by a multi-disciplinary team in order to optimise the delivery of care, patient experience, and treatment outcome. The presented cases add to the body of evidence in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title="orthodontics">orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dental%20implantology" title=" dental implantology"> dental implantology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypodontia" title=" hypodontia"> hypodontia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-disciplinary" title=" multi-disciplinary"> multi-disciplinary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111373/combined-orthodontic-and-restorative-management-of-complex-cases-concepts-and-case-reports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111373.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Three Different Orthodontic Latex Elastic Bands Leached with NaOH Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thipsupar%20Pureprasert">Thipsupar Pureprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surapich%20Loykulanant"> Surapich Loykulanant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaveewan%20Kongkaew"> Chaveewan Kongkaew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wassana%20Wichai"> Wassana Wichai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Orthodontic elastic bands made from natural rubber continue to be commonly used due to their favorable characteristics. However, there are concerns associated cytotoxicity due to harmful components released during conventional vulcanization (sulfur-based method). With the co-operation of The National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) and Faculty of Dentistry Mahidol University, a method was introduced to reduce toxic components by leaching the orthodontic elastic bands with NaOH solution. Objectives: To evaluate the mechanical properties of Thai and commercial orthodontic elastic brands (Ormco and W&H) leached with NaOH solution. Material and methods: Three elastic brands (N =30, size ¼ inch, 4.5 oz.) were tested for mechanical properties in terms of initial extension force, residual force, force loss, breaking strength and maximum displacement using a Universal Testing Machine. Results : Force loss significantly decreased in Thai-LEACH and W&H-LEACH, whereas the values increased in Ormco-LEACH (P < 0.05). The data exhibited a significantly decrease in breaking strength with Thai-LEACH and Ormco-LEACH, whereas all 3 brands revealed a significantly decrease in maximum displacement with the leaching process (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Leaching with NaOH solution is a new method, which can remove toxic components from orthodontic latex elastic bands. However, this process can affect their mechanical properties. Leached elastic bands from Thai had comparable properties with Ormco and have potential to be developed as a promising product. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaching" title="leaching">leaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20elastics" title=" orthodontic elastics"> orthodontic elastics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20rubber%20latex" title=" natural rubber latex"> natural rubber latex</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic" title=" orthodontic"> orthodontic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50229/comparison-of-mechanical-properties-of-three-different-orthodontic-latex-elastic-bands-leached-with-naoh-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Prevalence of Malocclusion and Assessment of Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Malay Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Kosba">Mohamed H. Kosba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20A.%20Ibrahim"> Heba A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Rozita"> H. Rozita </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Statement of the Problem: The life expectancy for transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients has increased dramatically with iron-chelation therapy and other modern management modalities. In these patients, the most dominant maxillofacial manifestations are protrusion of zygomatic bones and premaxilla due to the hyperplasia of bone marrow. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) among Malay transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. Orientation: This is a cross-sectional study consist of 43 Malay transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients, 22 males, and 19 females with the mean age of 15.9 years old (SD 3.58). The subjects were selected randomly from patients attending Paediatrics and Internal Medicine Clinic at Hospital USM and Hospital Sultana Bahiyah. The subjects were assessed for malocclusion according to Angle’s classification, and orthodontic treatment needs using DAI. The results show that 22 of the subjects (51.1%) have class II malocclusion, 12 subjects (28%) have class І, while 9 subjects (20.9%) have class Ⅲ. The assessment of orthodontic treatment needs to reveal 22 cases (51.1%) fall in the normal/minor needs category, 12 subjects (28%) fall in the severe and very severe category, while 9 subjects (20.9%) fall in the definite category. Conclusion & Significance: Half of Malay transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients have Class Ⅱmalocclusion. About 28% had malocclusion and required orthodontic treatment. This research shows that Malay transfusion-dependent thalassemia may require orthodontic management; earlier intervention to reduce the complexity of the treatment later, suggesting functional appliance as a suitable treatment option for them, a twin block appliance together with headgear to restrict maxillary growth suggested for management. The current protocol implemented by the Malaysian Ministry of Health for the management of these patients seems to be sufficient since the result shows that about 28% require orthodontic treatment need, according to DAI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title="prevalence">prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DAI" title=" DAI"> DAI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thalassaemia" title=" thalassaemia"> thalassaemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20classification" title=" angle classification"> angle classification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120778/prevalence-of-malocclusion-and-assessment-of-orthodontic-treatment-needs-in-malay-transfusion-dependent-thalassemia-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> 3D Simulation of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in the Presence of Horizontal Bone Loss</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azin%20Zargham">Azin Zargham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Rouhi"> Gholamreza Rouhi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allahyar%20Geramy"> Allahyar Geramy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most prevalent types of alveolar bone loss is horizontal bone loss (HBL) in which the bone height around teeth is reduced homogenously. In the presence of HBL the magnitudes of forces during orthodontic treatment should be altered according to the degree of HBL, in a way that without further bone loss, desired tooth movement can be obtained. In order to investigate the appropriate orthodontic force system in the presence of HBL, a three-dimensional numerical model capable of the simulation of orthodontic tooth movement was developed. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of different degrees of HBL on a long-term orthodontic tooth movement. Moreover, the effect of different force magnitudes on orthodontic tooth movement in the presence of HBL was studied. Five three-dimensional finite element models of a maxillary lateral incisor with 0 mm, 1.5 mm, 3 mm, 4.5 mm and 6 mm of HBL were constructed. The long-term orthodontic tooth tipping movements were attained during a 4-weeks period in an iterative process through the external remodeling of the alveolar bone based on strains in periodontal ligament as the bone remodeling mechanical stimulus. To obtain long-term orthodontic tooth movement in each iteration, first the strains in periodontal ligament under a 1-N tipping force were calculated using finite element analysis. Then, bone remodeling and the subsequent tooth movement were computed in a post-processing software using a custom written program. Incisal edge, cervical, and apical area displacement in the models with different alveolar bone heights (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 mm bone loss) in response to a 1-N tipping force were calculated. Maximum tooth displacement was found to be 2.65 mm at the top of the crown of the model with a 6 mm bone loss. Minimum tooth displacement was 0.45 mm at the cervical level of the model with a normal bone support. Tooth tipping degrees of models in response to different tipping force magnitudes were also calculated for models with different degrees of HBL. Degrees of tipping tooth movement increased as force level was increased. This increase was more prominent in the models with smaller degrees of HBL. By using finite element method and bone remodeling theories, this study indicated that in the presence of HBL, under the same load, long-term orthodontic tooth movement will increase. The simulation also revealed that even though tooth movement increases with increasing the force, this increase was only prominent in the models with smaller degrees of HBL, and tooth models with greater degrees of HBL will be less affected by the magnitude of an orthodontic force. Based on our results, the applied force magnitude must be reduced in proportion of degree of HBL. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20remodeling" title="bone remodeling">bone remodeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20bone%20loss" title=" horizontal bone loss"> horizontal bone loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20tooth%20movement." title=" orthodontic tooth movement."> orthodontic tooth movement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38672/3d-simulation-of-orthodontic-tooth-movement-in-the-presence-of-horizontal-bone-loss" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38672.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> The Inhibition of Relapse of Orthodontic Tooth Movement by NaF Administration in Expressions of TGF-β1, Runx2, Alkaline Phosphatase and Microscopic Appearance of Woven Bone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sutjiati">R. Sutjiati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubianto"> Rubianto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20B.%20Narmada"> I. B. Narmada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20K.%20Sudiana"> I. K. Sudiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P.%20Rahayu"> R. P. Rahayu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prevalence of post-treatment relapse in orthodontics in the community is high enough; therefore, relapses in orthodontic treatment must be prevented well. The aim of this study is to experimentally test the inhibition of relapse of orthodontics tooth movement in NaF of expression TGF-β1, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and microscopic of woven bone. The research method used was experimental laboratory research involving 30 rats, which were divided into three groups. Group A: rats were not given orthodontic tooth movement and without NaF. Group B: rats were given orthodontic tooth movement and without 11.5 ppm by topical application. Group C: rats were given orthodontic tooth movement and 11.75 ppm by topical application. Orthodontic tooth movement was conducted by applying ligature wires of 0.02 mm in diameter on the molar-1 (M-1) of left permanent maxilla and left insisivus of maxilla. Immunohistochemical examination was conducted to calculate the number of osteoblast to determine TGF β1, Runx2, ALP and haematoxylin to determine woven bone on day 7 and day 14. Results: It was shown that administrations of Natrium Fluoride topical application proved effective to increase the expression of TGF-β1, Runx2, ALP and to increase woven bone in the tension area greater than administration without natrium fluoride topical application (p < 0.05), except the expression of ALP on day 7 and day 14 which was significant. The results of the study show that NaF significantly increases the expressions of TGF-β1, Runx2, ALP and woven bone. The expression of the variables enhanced on day 7 compared on that on day 14, except ALP. Thus, it can be said that the acceleration of woven bone occurs on day 7. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGF-%CE%B21" title="TGF-β1">TGF-β1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runx2" title=" Runx2"> Runx2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALP" title=" ALP"> ALP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woven%20bone" title=" woven bone"> woven bone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natrium%20fluoride" title=" natrium fluoride"> natrium fluoride</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68483/the-inhibition-of-relapse-of-orthodontic-tooth-movement-by-naf-administration-in-expressions-of-tgf-v1-runx2-alkaline-phosphatase-and-microscopic-appearance-of-woven-bone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> Assessing the Quality of Clinical Photographs Taken for Orthodontic Patients at Queen’s Hospital, Romford</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maya%20Agarwala">Maya Agarwala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: Audit the quality of clinical photographs taken for Orthodontic patients at Queen’s hospital, Romford. Design and setting: All Orthodontic photographs are taken in the Medical Photography Department at Queen’s Hospital. Retrospective audit with data collected between January - March 2023. Gold standard: Institute of Medical Illustrators (IMI) standard 12 photographs: 6 extraoral and 6 intraoral. 100% of patients to have the standard 12 photographs meeting a satisfactory diagnostic quality. Materials and methods: 30 patients randomly selected. All photographs analysed against the IMI gold standard. Results: A total of 360 photographs were analysed. 100% of the photographs had the 12 photographic views. Of which, 93.1% met the gold standard. Of the extraoral photos: 99.4% met the gold standard, 0.6% had incorrect head positioning. Of the intraoral photographs: 87.2% met the gold standard. The most common intraoral errors were: the presence of saliva pooling (7.2%), insufficient soft tissue retraction (3.3%), incomplete occlusal surface visibility (2.2%) and mirror fogging (1.1%). Conclusion: The gold standard was not met, however the overall standard of Orthodontic photographs is high. Further training of the Medical Photography team is needed to improve the quality of photographs. Following the training, the audit will be repeated. High-quality clinical photographs are an important part of clinical record keeping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title="orthodontics">orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric" title=" paediatric"> paediatric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photography" title=" photography"> photography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit" title=" audit"> audit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167678/assessing-the-quality-of-clinical-photographs-taken-for-orthodontic-patients-at-queens-hospital-romford" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167678.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Load-Deflecting Characteristics of a Fabricated Orthodontic Wire with 50.6Ni 49.4Ti Alloy Composition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aphinan%20Phukaoluan">Aphinan Phukaoluan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surachai%20Dechkunakorn"> Surachai Dechkunakorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niwat%20Anuwongnukroh"> Niwat Anuwongnukroh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anak%20Khantachawana"> Anak Khantachawana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pongpan%20Kaewtathip"> Pongpan Kaewtathip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julathep%20Kajornchaiyakul"> Julathep Kajornchaiyakul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peerapong%20Tua-Ngam"> Peerapong Tua-Ngam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: The objectives of this study was to determine the load-deflecting characteristics of a fabricated orthodontic wire with alloy composition of 50.6% (atomic weight) Ni and 49.4% (atomic weight) Ti and to compare the results with Ormco, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi orthodontic archwire. Materials and Methods: The ingots alloys with atomic weight ratio 50.6 Ni: 49.4 Ti alloy were used in this study. Three specimens were cut to have wire dimensions of 0.016 inch x0.022 inch. For comparison, a commercially available pre-formed NiTi archwire, Ormco, with dimensions of 0.016 inch x 0.022 inch was used. Three-point bending tests were performed at the temperature 36+1 °C using a Universal Testing Machine on the newly fabricated and commercial archwires to assess the characteristics of the load-deflection curve with loading and unloading forces. The loading and unloading features at the deflection points 0.25, 0.50, 0.75. 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mm were compared. Descriptive statistics was used to evaluate each variables, and independent t-test at p < 0.05 was used to analyze the mean differences between the two groups. Results: The load-deflection curve of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires exhibited the characteristic features of superelasticity. The curves at the loading and unloading slope of Ormco NiTi archwire were more parallel than the newly fabricated NiTi wires. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was 304.98 g and 208.08 g for loading and unloading, respectively. Similarly, the values were 358.02 g loading and 253.98 g for unloading of Ormco NiTi archwire. The interval difference forces between each deflection points were in the range 20.40-121.38 g and 36.72-92.82 g for the loading and unloading curve of 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire, respectively, and 4.08-157.08 g and 14.28-90.78 g for the loading and unloading curve of commercial wire, respectively. The average deflection force of the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire was less than that of Ormco NiTi archwire, which could have been due to variations in the wire dimensions. Although a greater force was required for each deflection point of loading and unloading for the 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wire as compared to Ormco NiTi archwire, the values were still within the acceptable limits to be clinically used in orthodontic treatment. Conclusion: The 50.6Ni: 49.4Ti wires presented the characteristics of a superelastic orthodontic wire. The loading and unloading force were also suitable for orthodontic tooth movement. These results serve as a suitable foundation for further studies in the development of new orthodontic NiTi archwires. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=50.6%20ni%2049.4%20Ti%20alloy%20wire" title="50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire">50.6 ni 49.4 Ti alloy wire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20deflection%20curve" title=" load deflection curve"> load deflection curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loading%20and%20unloading%20force" title=" loading and unloading force"> loading and unloading force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic" title=" orthodontic"> orthodontic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227/load-deflecting-characteristics-of-a-fabricated-orthodontic-wire-with-506ni-494ti-alloy-composition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Pattern of Stress Distribution in Different Ligature-Wire-Brackets Systems: A FE and Experimental Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afef%20Dridi">Afef Dridi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salah%20Mezlini"> Salah Mezlini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since experimental devices cannot calculate stress and deformation of complex structures. The Finite Element Method FEM has been widely used in several fields of research. One of these fields is orthodontics. The advantage of using such a method is the use of an accurate and non invasive method that allows us to have a sufficient data about the physiological reactions can happening in soft tissues. Most of researches done in this field were interested in the study of stresses and deformations induced by orthodontic apparatus in soft tissues (alveolar tissues). Only few studies were interested in the distribution of stress and strain in the orthodontic brackets. These studies, although they tried to be as close as possible to real conditions, their models did not reproduce the clinical cases. For this reason, the model generated by our research is the closest one to reality. In this study, a numerical model was developed to explore the stress and strain distribution under the application of real conditions. A comparison between different material properties was also done. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visco-hyperelasticity" title="visco-hyperelasticity">visco-hyperelasticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20treatment" title=" orthodontic treatment"> orthodontic treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20method" title=" inverse method"> inverse method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48775/pattern-of-stress-distribution-in-different-ligature-wire-brackets-systems-a-fe-and-experimental-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> Assessment of the Efficiency of Virtual Orthodontic Consultations during COVID-19</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Litt">R. Litt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Brown"> A. Brown</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aims: We aimed to assess the efficiency of ‘Attend Anywhere’ orthodontic clinics within a district general hospital during COVID- 19. Our secondary aim was to pilot a questionnaire to assess patient satisfaction with virtual orthodontic appointments. Design: The study design is a service evaluation including pilot questionnaire. Methods: The average number of patients seen per virtual clinic and the number of patients failing to attend was compared to face-to-face clinics. The capability of virtual appointments to be successful in preventing the need for a face-to-face appointment was assessed. Patients were invited to complete a telephone pilot questionnaire focusing on patient satisfaction and accessibility. Results: There was a small increase in the number of patients failing to attend virtual appointments, with a third of the patients who did not attend failing to receive the appointment link. 81.9% of virtual clinic appointments were successful and prevented the need for a face-to-face appointment. Overall patients were very satisfied with their virtual orthodontic appointment and the majority required no assistance to access the service. Conclusions: The use of ‘Attend Anywhere’ clinics in orthodontics offers patients and clinicians an effective and efficient alternative to face-to-face appointments that patients on average find easy to use and completely satisfactory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinics" title="clinics">clinics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID" title=" COVID"> COVID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20satisfaction" title=" patient satisfaction"> patient satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual" title=" virtual"> virtual</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130923/assessment-of-the-efficiency-of-virtual-orthodontic-consultations-during-covid-19" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130923.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Anxiety and Stress as a Function of Dental Disfigurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lata%20Rathi">Lata Rathi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20R.%20Mrinal"> N. R. Mrinal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dental Disfigurement is a major problem for a person who is suffering from Malocclusion. Malocclusion, is a technical name given to crowded, irregular or protruded teeth. In the present investigation the Anxiety and Stress are studied with reference to Dental Disfigurement among Adolescents. The 8 SQ Questionnaire (Cattell,1976)was administered to 50 Male(age range 12-20 years) and 50 Female(age range 12-20 years) patients to investigate anxiety and stress with an equal number of normal’s having no dental disfigurement of teeth. Both the groups, experimental and control were matched on age and sex. It was found that experimental group, i. e. orthodontic patients (M=14.34,s= 4.99) have significantly greater anxiety than their normal counterparts (M=11.8,s= 4.20) F=15.04,p=<.01. The sex differences were not observed. However, with reference to stress it was observed that it was significantly greater in orthodontic patients (M=15.11,s= 4.93 )as compared to normal’s (M=12.83, s=4.87). The gender differences on stress were also observed. The females showed greater stress (M=15.06) as compared to males (M=12.88),F=11.55,p.<1. Overall Malocclusion was found to have significant effect on anxiety and stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malocclusion" title=" malocclusion"> malocclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontic%20patients" title=" orthodontic patients"> orthodontic patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20828/anxiety-and-stress-as-a-function-of-dental-disfigurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">575</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Orthodontic Treatment Using CAD/CAM System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristiane%20C.%20B.%20Alves">Cristiane C. B. Alves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Livia%20Eisler"> Livia Eisler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20Mota"> Gustavo Mota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Faltin%20Jr."> Kurt Faltin Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristina%20L.%20F.%20Ortolani"> Cristina L. F. Ortolani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The correct positioning of the brackets is essential for the success of orthodontic treatment. Indirect bracket placing technique has the main objective of eliminating the positioning errors, which commonly occur in the technique of direct system of brackets. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that the exact positioning of the brackets is of extreme relevance for the success of the treatment. The present work shows a case report of an adult female patient who attended the clinic with the complaint of being in orthodontic treatment for more than 5 years without noticing any progress. As a result of the intra-oral clinical examination and documentation analysis, a class III malocclusion, an anterior open bite, and absence of all third molars and first upper and lower bilateral premolars were observed. For the treatment, the indirect bonding technique with self-ligating ceramic braces was applied. The preparation of the trays was done after the intraoral digital scanning and printing of models with a 3D printer. Brackets were positioned virtually, using a specialized software. After twelve months of treatment, correction of the malocclusion was observed, as well as the closing of the anterior open bite. It is concluded that the adequate and precise positioning of brackets is necessary for a successful treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anterior%20open-bite" title="anterior open-bite">anterior open-bite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CAD%2FCAM" title=" CAD/CAM"> CAD/CAM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malocclusion" title=" malocclusion"> malocclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angle%20class%20III" title=" angle class III"> angle class III</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96816/orthodontic-treatment-using-cadcam-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> The Incidence of Maxillary Canine Ankylosis: A Single-Centre Analysis of 206 Canines Following Surgical Exposure and Orthodontic Alignment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Suleman">Sidra Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maliha%20Suleman"> Maliha Suleman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinesh%20Shah"> Jinesh Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Maxillary canines play a crucial role in occlusion and aesthetics. Successful management of impacted canines requires early identification and intervention to prevent complications such as resorption of adjacent teeth and cystic changes. Although removal of the deciduous canine can encourage normal eruption of its successor, this is not always successful. Some patients may require surgical exposure and bonding of a gold chain to mobilise and align the canine, which can take up to 3 years. As this procedure has various risks, patients need to be appropriately consented to. Failure of such treatment commonly occurs due to inadequate anchorage or failure of the gold chain attachment, but in some cases, this is due to ankylosis. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of ankylosis of unerupted maxillary ectopic canines following surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment at the Maxillofacial and Orthodontic Department, Royal Stoke University Hospital (RSUH), United Kingdom. Methodology: Patients treated from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, were retrospectively studied. Electronic records with post-treatment follow-up at 3-6 months and 12-15 months were extracted and analysed. Patients were excluded based on three criteria, non-compliance with orthodontic treatment post-surgery, presence of canine transposition, and external orthodontic treatment. Sample: Overall, 159 suitable patients were selected from the 171 patients identified. Surgical exposure and gold chain bonding was carried out for a total of 206 maxillary canines, with the pattern of impaction being 159 (77.2 %) palatal, 46 (22.3%) buccal, and 1 (0.49%) in line of the arch. The sample consisted of 57 (35.8%) males and 102 (64.2%) females between the age range of 10 to 32 years, with the mean age being 15 years. The procedures were carried out under general anaesthesia for all but three patients, with two cases being repeats. Closed exposure was carried out for 189 (91.7%) canines. Results: The incidence of ankylosis from this study was 0.97%. In total, two patients had upper left canine ankylosis, which was identified at their 12-15 months orthodontic follow-up. Both patients were males, one having closed exposure at age 15 and the other having open exposure at age 19. Conclusions: Although this data shows that there is a low risk of ankylosis (0.97%), it highlights the difficulty in predicting which patients may be affected, and thus, a thorough pre-treatment assessment and careful observation during treatment is necessary. Future studies involving larger cohorts are warranted to further analyse factors affecting outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ankylosis" title="ankylosis">ankylosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic" title=" ectopic"> ectopic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillary%20canines" title=" maxillary canines"> maxillary canines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthodontics" title=" orthodontics"> orthodontics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139035/the-incidence-of-maxillary-canine-ankylosis-a-single-centre-analysis-of-206-canines-following-surgical-exposure-and-orthodontic-alignment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139035.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 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