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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diesel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diesel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Diesel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diesel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuel_prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuel_prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Fuel prices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuel_prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_limit_reduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_limit_reduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Speed limit reduction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_limit_reduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Economic reforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yellow_vest_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yellow_vest_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Yellow vest symbol </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yellow_vest_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_(first_phase)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_(first_phase)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Timeline (first phase) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_(first_phase)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline (first phase) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_(first_phase)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-17_November:_"Act_I"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17_November:_"Act_I""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 17 November: "Act I" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17_November:_"Act_I"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-24_November:_"Act_II"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#24_November:_"Act_II""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 24 November: "Act II" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-24_November:_"Act_II"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1_December:_"Act_III"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1_December:_"Act_III""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 1 December: "Act III" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1_December:_"Act_III"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-8_December:_"Act_IV"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#8_December:_"Act_IV""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 8 December: "Act IV" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-8_December:_"Act_IV"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10_December:_Macron's_televised_address" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10_December:_Macron's_televised_address"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.5 10 December: Macron's televised address </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10_December:_Macron's_televised_address-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-15_December:_"Act_V"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15_December:_"Act_V""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.6 15 December: "Act V" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15_December:_"Act_V"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-22_December:_"Act_VI"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#22_December:_"Act_VI""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.7 22 December: "Act VI" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-22_December:_"Act_VI"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-29_December:_"Act_VII"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#29_December:_"Act_VII""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.8 29 December: "Act VII" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-29_December:_"Act_VII"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-5_January:_"Act_VIII"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5_January:_"Act_VIII""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 5 January: "Act VIII" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5_January:_"Act_VIII"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_January:_"Act_IX"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_January:_"Act_IX""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 12 January: "Act IX" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_January:_"Act_IX"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19_January:_"Act_X"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19_January:_"Act_X""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 19 January: "Act X" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19_January:_"Act_X"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26_January:_"Act_XI"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26_January:_"Act_XI""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 26 January: "Act XI" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26_January:_"Act_XI"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2_February:_"Act_XII"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2_February:_"Act_XII""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.5 2 February: "Act XII" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2_February:_"Act_XII"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_February:_"Act_XIV"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_February:_"Act_XIV""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.6 16 February: "Act XIV" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_February:_"Act_XIV"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3_March:_"The_True_Debate"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3_March:_"The_True_Debate""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.7 3 March: "The True Debate" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3_March:_"The_True_Debate"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-16_March:_"Act_XVIII"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16_March:_"Act_XVIII""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.8 16 March: "Act XVIII" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16_March:_"Act_XVIII"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7_September:_"Act_XLIII"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7_September:_"Act_XLIII""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.9 7 September: "Act XLIII" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7_September:_"Act_XLIII"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21_September:_"Act_XLV"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21_September:_"Act_XLV""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.10 21 September: "Act XLV" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21_September:_"Act_XLV"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-14_March:_"Act_LXX"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14_March:_"Act_LXX""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 14 March: "Act LXX" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14_March:_"Act_LXX"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatalities_and_injuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatalities_and_injuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Fatalities and injuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fatalities_and_injuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adama_Committee_and_Nuit_Debout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adama_Committee_and_Nuit_Debout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Adama Committee and Nuit Debout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adama_Committee_and_Nuit_Debout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Students_protesting_against_the_government's_educational_reforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Students_protesting_against_the_government's_educational_reforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Students protesting against the government's educational reforms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Students_protesting_against_the_government's_educational_reforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christmas_shopping_season" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christmas_shopping_season"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Christmas shopping season </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christmas_shopping_season-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vinci_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vinci_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Vinci growth </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vinci_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Cultural impact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_and_counter-protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_and_counter-protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Reactions and counter-protest </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_and_counter-protest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions and counter-protest subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_and_counter-protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Comparisons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foulards_rouges_(red_scarves)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foulards_rouges_(red_scarves)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Foulards rouges (red scarves) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foulards_rouges_(red_scarves)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concerns_about_extremist_elements_in_the_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concerns_about_extremist_elements_in_the_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Concerns about extremist elements in the movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concerns_about_extremist_elements_in_the_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_(second_phase)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_(second_phase)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Timeline (second phase) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Timeline_(second_phase)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline (second phase) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline_(second_phase)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-France_(afterwards)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_(afterwards)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 France (afterwards) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_(afterwards)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2020_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1 2020 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-25_July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#25_July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1.1 25 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-25_July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-12_September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#12_September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1.2 12 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-12_September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-10–12_October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#10–12_October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.1.3 10–12 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-10–12_October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2 2020–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anti-security_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-security_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.2.1 Anti-security protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-security_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaccination_obligation,_sanitary_pass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaccination_obligation,_sanitary_pass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.3 Vaccination obligation, sanitary pass </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaccination_obligation,_sanitary_pass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.4 Social unrest in the French West Indies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_convoy_protest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_convoy_protest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.5 France convoy protest </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_convoy_protest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_French_presidential_election_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_French_presidential_election_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1.6 2022 French presidential election protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_French_presidential_election_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries_or_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries_or_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Other countries or regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries_or_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 Belgium </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Canada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rest_of_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rest_of_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Rest of the world </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rest_of_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notable members </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Yellow vests protests</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" > 59 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geelbaadjie-beweging" title="Geelbaadjie-beweging – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Geelbaadjie-beweging" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestaktionen_der_Gelbwesten" title="Protestaktionen der Gelbwesten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Protestaktionen der Gelbwesten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="حركة السترات الصفراء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة السترات الصفراء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_d%27os_achustadors_amariellos" title="Movimiento d'os achustadors amariellos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Movimiento d'os achustadors amariellos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%A8" title="হালধীয়া চোলাবোৰৰ আন্দোলন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হালধীয়া চোলাবোৰৰ আন্দোলন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Рух жоўтых камізэлек – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рух жоўтых камізэлек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Рух жоўтых камізэлек – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рух жоўтых камізэлек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Жълти жилетки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жълти жилетки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luskad_ar_jiletenno%C3%B9_melen" title="Luskad ar jiletennoù melen – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Luskad ar jiletennoù melen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestacions_de_les_Armilles_Grogues" title="Manifestacions de les Armilles Grogues – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Manifestacions de les Armilles Grogues" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnut%C3%AD_%C5%BElut%C3%BDch_vest" title="Hnutí žlutých vest – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hnutí žlutých vest" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_gule_veste" title="De gule veste – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="De gule veste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelbwestenbewegung" title="Gelbwestenbewegung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gelbwestenbewegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollavestide_liikumine" title="Kollavestide liikumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kollavestide liikumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AD%CE%BA%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Κίνημα των κίτρινων γιλέκων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίνημα των κίτρινων γιλέκων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_de_los_chalecos_amarillos" title="Movimiento de los chalecos amarillos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento de los chalecos amarillos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movado_de_la_Flavve%C5%9Dtuloj" title="Movado de la Flavveŝtuloj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Movado de la Flavveŝtuloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_Horien_mugimendua" title="Jaka Horien mugimendua – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jaka Horien mugimendua" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7" title="جنبش جلیقه‌زردها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش جلیقه‌زردها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_des_Gilets_jaunes" title="Mouvement des Gilets jaunes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mouvement des Gilets jaunes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluaiseacht_na_veisteanna_bu%C3%AD" title="Gluaiseacht na veisteanna buí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gluaiseacht na veisteanna buí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movemento_dos_chalecos_amarelos" title="Movemento dos chalecos amarelos – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Movemento dos chalecos amarelos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%9E%80_%EC%A1%B0%EB%81%BC_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="노란 조끼 운동 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노란 조끼 운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%C2%BB_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="«Դեղին բաճկոնների» շարժում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="«Դեղին բաճկոնների» շարժում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokret_%C5%BEutih_prsluka" title="Pokret žutih prsluka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pokret žutih prsluka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_rompi_kuning" title="Gerakan rompi kuning – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan rompi kuning" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_del_giletes_jalne" title="Movimento del giletes jalne – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Movimento del giletes jalne" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulvestungar" title="Gulvestungar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gulvestungar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_dei_gilet_gialli" title="Movimento dei gilet gialli – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Movimento dei gilet gialli" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%90%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%94%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מחאת האפודים הצהובים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחאת האפודים הצהובים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ყვითელი ჟილეტების მოძრაობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყვითელი ჟილეტების მოძრაობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motus_flavis_colobis_indutorum" title="Motus flavis colobis indutorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Motus flavis colobis indutorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_di_gilet_giald" title="Moviment di gilet giald – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Moviment di gilet giald" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Жолти елеци – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жолти елеци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestbeweging_van_de_gele_hesjes" title="Protestbeweging van de gele hesjes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protestbeweging van de gele hesjes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E3%81%84%E3%83%99%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="黄色いベスト運動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="黄色いベスト運動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_gule_vestene" title="De gule vestene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De gule vestene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvement_des_gannes_casaques" title="Mouvement des gannes casaques – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Mouvement des gannes casaques" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_dei_Corsets_Jaunes" title="Movement dei Corsets Jaunes – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Movement dei Corsets Jaunes" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%B9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="پیلی واسکٹ والیاں دی تحریک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیلی واسکٹ والیاں دی تحریک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouvmint_d%27ches_gannes_gillets" title="Mouvmint d'ches gannes gillets – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Mouvmint d'ches gannes gillets" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruch_%C5%BC%C3%B3%C5%82tych_kamizelek" title="Ruch żółtych kamizelek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruch żółtych kamizelek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_dos_coletes_amarelos" title="Movimento dos coletes amarelos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento dos coletes amarelos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C8%99carea_vestelor_galbene" title="Mișcarea vestelor galbene – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mișcarea vestelor galbene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B6%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Движение жёлтых жилетов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Движение жёлтых жилетов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_vests_protests" title="Yellow vests protests – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yellow vests protests" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibanje_rumenih_jopi%C4%8Dev" title="Gibanje rumenih jopičev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gibanje rumenih jopičev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Покрет жутих прслука – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Покрет жутих прслука" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vest_movement&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow vest movement">Yellow vest movement</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2018 social movement started in France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Yellow vests protests Gilets jaunes protests</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#eeeeee;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">protests against Emmanuel Macron</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/300px-2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/450px-2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/600px-2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1450" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">A yellow vests protest in <a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a>, France, on 29 December 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">17 November 2018 – present (6 years and 1 week) <ul><li>First phase: 17 November 2018 – 28 June 2020 (1 year, 3 months and 26 days)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline;" class="location"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Other countries:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> Australia<a href="#cite_note-cour1-1">[1]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Belgium<a href="#cite_note-Monde_Wallonie-2">[2]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Bulgaria<a href="#cite_note-lci.fr-3">[3]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/23px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/35px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/45px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Burkina Faso<a href="#cite_note-france1-4">[4]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Central African Republic<a href="#cite_note-france1-4">[4]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Croatia<a href="#cite_note-Croatia-5">[5]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Czechia<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /> Finland<a href="#cite_note-talouselämää-yellow-vests-7">[7]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> Germany<a href="#cite_note-rfi11-8">[8]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Greece </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Iraq.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Iraq<a href="#cite_note-NBCiraq-9">[9]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> Israel<a href="#cite_note-JPost-10">[10]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Ireland<a href="#cite_note-iri11-11">[11]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> Italy<a href="#cite_note-Italy-12">[12]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Jordan<a href="#cite_note-Taylor-13">[13]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Latvia </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Lebanon<a href="#cite_note-abc11-14">[14]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/46px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /> Libya<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Netherlands<a href="#cite_note-Netherlands-16">[16]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Nigeria<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-17">[17]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Pakistan<a href="#cite_note-PAGE-18">[18]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> Portugal<a href="#cite_note-Portugal-19">[19]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Russia<a href="#cite_note-Russia-20">[20]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /> Serbia<a href="#cite_note-Neda_Kurjački-21">[21]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Slovakia<a href="#cite_note-Obciansky_tribunal-22">[22]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> Spain<a href="#cite_note-bah11-23">[23]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Sudan </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> Sweden<a href="#cite_note-Oscan-24">[24]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> Taiwan<a href="#cite_note-cnn11-25">[25]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Tunisia<a href="#cite_note-inde0090967-26">[26]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> Turkey<a href="#cite_note-alar11-27">[27]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> United Kingdom<a href="#cite_note-busybees-28">[28]</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> United States </li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Caused by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Rise of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> prices in 2018<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">Fuel tax</a><a href="#cite_note-local3010-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_enforcement_camera" title="Traffic enforcement camera">Traffic enforcement cameras</a><a href="#cite_note-radar-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austerity" title="Austerity">Austerity</a> measures<a href="#cite_note-Spire-32">[32]</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_tax_on_wealth" title="Solidarity tax on wealth">wealth tax</a> repeal<a href="#cite_note-lemo11-33">[33]</a></li> <li>Opposition to <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberalism</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Goals</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Increase of <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_law#France" title="Minimum wage law">minimum wage in France</a><a href="#cite_note-MacronBlinks-36">[36]</a></li> <li>End to austerity measures<a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a></li> <li>Improved <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living" title="Standard of living">standard of living</a><a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a></li> <li>Government transparency and accountability<a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a></li> <li>Improved government services for <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural areas</a><a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a></li> <li>42 demands in total<a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a></li> <li>Constitutional proposal for a <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_initiative_referendum_(France)" title="Citizens' initiative referendum (France)">citizens' initiative referendum</a>, including constitutional, legislative, abrogative, and recall initiatives<a href="#cite_note-fr234-38">[38]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Methods</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">Protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">Civil disobedience</a><a href="#cite_note-tele11-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivist_anarchism" title="Collectivist anarchism">Collectivist anarchism</a><a href="#cite_note-ButcherBankerMolotovFlanqueur-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_obstruction" title="Traffic obstruction">Blocking traffic</a><a href="#cite_note-Mercury-41">[41]</a></li> <li>Disabling <a href="/wiki/Traffic_enforcement_camera" title="Traffic enforcement camera">traffic enforcement cameras</a><a href="#cite_note-radar-31">[31]</a></li></ul> Other occurrences <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">Violence</a><a href="#cite_note-forb0212-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_damage" title="Property damage">Property damage</a><a href="#cite_note-Marlowe-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-arson-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandalism" title="Vandalism">Vandalism</a><a href="#cite_note-forb0212-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barricades" class="mw-redirect" title="Barricades">Barricades</a><a href="#cite_note-forb0212-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot" title="Riot">Rioting</a><a href="#cite_note-rioting-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-nc2411-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">Looting</a><a href="#cite_note-thelocal0312-47">[47]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Status</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Ongoing<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Concessions</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Cancellation of fuel tax and six-month moratorium on diesel and petrol price changes<a href="#cite_note-theguardian-50">[50]</a></li> <li>Announcement that price of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> blue tariffs would not increase before March 2019<a href="#cite_note-durand-51">[51]</a></li> <li>Elimination of tax on overtime and end-of-year bonuses<a href="#cite_note-npr11-52">[52]</a></li> <li>Decrease of fuel and motor taxes<a href="#cite_note-Mercury-41">[41]</a></li> <li>€100 ($112) wage increase for employees<a href="#cite_note-soir534-53">[53]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Parties</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> Gilets jaunes</div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_France" title="Government of France">Government</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">National Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compagnies_R%C3%A9publicaines_de_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité">CRS</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">National Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_Gendarmerie" title="Mobile Gendarmerie">Mobile Gendarmerie</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Garde_champ%C3%AAtre" title="Garde champêtre">Rural Guards</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> Pro-government protesters<a href="#cite_note-ran231-55">[55]</a></div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Lead figures</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244901718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .infobox .infobox-columns-text-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div{box-sizing:border-box;width:50%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-3>div{width:33.33%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns-4>div{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-columns>div:not(:first-child){border-left:1px dotted #aaa;padding-left:5px}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist infobox-columns infobox-columns-2 infobox-columns-text-left"> <div> <a href="/wiki/Jacline_Mouraud" title="Jacline Mouraud">Jacline Mouraud</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chouard" title="Étienne Chouard">Étienne Chouard</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Priscillia_Ludosky" title="Priscillia Ludosky">Priscillia Ludosky</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maxime_Nicolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maxime Nicolle (page does not exist)">Maxime Nicolle</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Drouet" title="Éric Drouet">Éric Drouet</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues" title="Jérôme Rodrigues">Jérôme Rodrigues</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Willsher-59">[59]</a> Christophe Chalençon<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Boulo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Boulo (page does not exist)">François Boulo</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </div> <div> <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> President of the French Republic <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a> Prime Minister of France (2017–2020) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Castaner" title="Christophe Castaner">Christophe Castaner</a> Minister of Interior (2018–2020) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Jean Castex</a> Prime Minister of France (2020–2022) <a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rald_Darmanin" title="Gérald Darmanin">Gérald Darmanin</a> Minister of Interior (2020–) </div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Number</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><table style="width:100%; border-spacing:0; margin:0; text-align:left; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%;"><div> 287,710 protesters (peak, according to the Ministry of the Interior)<a href="#cite_note-R1-62">[62]</a></div></td> <td style="width:50%; padding-left:0.25em; border-left:1px dotted #aaa"><div> 8,000 police (15 Dec 2018: Paris)</div></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Casualties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Death(s)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 people, including 3 yellow vests, were killed in traffic accidents caused by yellow vests roadblocks in Belgium and France, 2 yellow vests, both aged over 50, died during the demonstrations due to heart problems unrelated to the protests, 1 woman died of a surgical shock at the hospital after being hit by a tear gas grenade in the margins of a demonstration<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Injuries</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">4,439 (police and civilians)<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size: 110%; padding: 0; line-height: 150%;"><table><tbody><tr> <td style="background:#001E96; vertical-align:middle; padding:5px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/70px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/105px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Emmanuel_Macron_-_2024_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="671" /></a></td> <td style="background:#001E96; vertical-align:middle; padding:6px; width:100%;">This article is part of a series about <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.3em;"> <ul><li>Political career</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#President_of_France" title="Emmanuel Macron">President</a> (2017–present) <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#Minister_of_Economy_and_Industry" title="Emmanuel Macron">Minister of Economy and Industry</a> (2014–2016) <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Presidency of Emmanuel Macron">Presidency</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Political positions of Emmanuel Macron">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">Protests</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow vests protests</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pension strikes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932020_French_pension_reform_strike" title="2019–2020 French pension reform strike">2019-2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_French_pension_reform_strikes" title="2023 French pension reform strikes">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benalla_affair" title="Benalla affair">Benalla affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Treaty" title="Aachen Treaty">Aachen Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_G7_summit" title="45th G7 summit">45th G7 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quirinal_Treaty" title="Quirinal Treaty">Quirinal Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AUKUS" title="AUKUS">AUKUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_Emmanuel_Macron_presidency" title="Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency">Opinion polling</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Trips <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Emmanuel_Macron" title="List of presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron">Domestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Emmanuel_Macron" title="List of international presidential trips made by Emmanuel Macron">International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_France%E2%80%93China_Summit" title="2023 France–China Summit">2023 China visit</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Elections</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">email leaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Family</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Macron" title="Brigitte Macron">Brigitte Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemo_(dog)" title="Nemo (dog)">Nemo (dog)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/File:Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/50px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/75px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg/100px-Armoiries_r%C3%A9publique_fran%C3%A7aise.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="175" data-file-height="199" /></a> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Emmanuel_Macron" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Emmanuel Macron">Media gallery</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Template:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Template talk:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Emmanuel_Macron_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Emmanuel Macron sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Yellow Vests Protests or Yellow-Jacket Protests (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Mouvement des gilets jaunes, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[muvmɑ̃ de ʒilɛ ʒon]</a>) are a series of <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-populist-65">[65]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a><a href="#cite_note-grassroots-66">[66]</a> weekly protests in France that began on 17 November 2018. After an online petition posted in May 2018 had attracted nearly one million signatures, mass demonstrations began on 17 November.<a href="#cite_note-Ludosky-67">[67]</a> The movement was initially motivated by rising crude oil and fuel prices, a high cost of living, and economic inequality. The movement argued that a disproportionate burden of <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">taxation in France</a> was falling on the working and middle classes,<a href="#cite_note-Leclerc-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-guard1611-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbc231-70">[70]</a> especially in rural and <a href="/wiki/Peri-urbanisation" title="Peri-urbanisation">peri-urban</a> areas.<a href="#cite_note-Spire-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dianara-71">[71]</a> The protesters called for lower fuel taxes, a reintroduction of the <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_tax_on_wealth" title="Solidarity tax on wealth">solidarity tax on wealth</a>, a minimum wage increase,<a href="#cite_note-fr234-38">[38]</a> among other things. On 29 November 2018, a list of 42 demands was made public and went viral on social media, becoming a de facto structuring basis for the movement. The demands covered a wide range of topics, mostly related to democracy, and social and fiscal justice.<a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-en42demands-72">[72]</a> Participation in the weekly protests diminished due to violence, particularly due to the loss of eyes, hands, and neurological disorders caused by police <a href="/wiki/Blast_ball" title="Blast ball">blast balls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The protests eventually stopped due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a> but continued again after health restrictions were lifted.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> The movement is supported primarily by populists on both sides of the political spectrum, but rarely by moderates. According to one poll, few of those protesting had voted for Macron in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 French presidential election</a>; many had shown <a href="/wiki/Political_alienation" class="mw-redirect" title="Political alienation">political alienation</a> by not voting, or had voted for <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> or <a href="/wiki/Far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-left">far-left</a> candidates.<a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a> Rising fuel prices initially sparked the demonstrations. Yellow <a href="/wiki/High-visibility_clothing" title="High-visibility clothing">high-visibility vests</a>, which French law requires all drivers to have in their vehicles and to wear during emergency situations, were chosen as "a unifying thread and call to arms" because of their convenience, visibility, ubiquity, and association with working-class industries.<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a> The protests have involved demonstrations and the blocking of roads and fuel depots, sometimes developing into major riots,<a href="#cite_note-NPR181203-79">[79]</a> described as the most violent since those of <a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Libé68-80">[80]</a> The police action, resulting in multiple incidents of loss of limb, has been criticized by politicians and international media; it has sometimes resulted in police officers being charged for their violent behavior.<a href="#cite_note-gua2019-81">[81]</a> The movement has received international attention. Protesters in many places around the world have used the yellow vest as a symbol.<a href="#cite_note-Guard181221-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB190108-83">[83]</a> About 3 million people have participated in the yellow-vests movement.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> The issue on which the French movement centered at first was the projected 2019 increase in fuel taxes, particularly on diesel fuel.<a href="#cite_note-cnn345-85">[85]</a> The yellow vest was an accessible symbol for the protests, as all French drivers have been required to have one in their vehicles since 2008.<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_discontentment">General discontentment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General discontentment">edit</a>]</div> Already low in early 2018 (47% approval in January 2018),<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <a href="/wiki/French_president" class="mw-redirect" title="French president">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>'s approval rating had dipped below 25% at the beginning of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-yaho13254-87">[87]</a> The government's method of curbing the budget deficit had proven unpopular, with Macron being dubbed président des très riches ("president of the very rich") by his former boss <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lefig234-88">[88]</a> Late in June 2017, Macron's Minister of Justice, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayrou" title="François Bayrou">François Bayrou</a>, came under pressure to resign, due to the ongoing investigation into the financial arrangements of the political party (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a>) he leads.<a href="#cite_note-lemo435-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-rfi3455-90">[90]</a> During a radio interview in August 2018, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Hulot" title="Nicolas Hulot">Nicolas Hulot</a> had resigned from the Ministry of the Environment, without telling either the President or the Prime Minister of his plans to do so.<a href="#cite_note-lemo544-91">[91]</a> Criticized for his role in the <a href="/wiki/Benalla_affair" title="Benalla affair">Benalla affair</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Collomb" title="Gérard Collomb">Gérard Collomb</a> tried to resign in October 2018 as Minister of the Interior—leaving himself with only two jobs, as a senator and mayor of Lyon—but saw his resignation initially refused, then finally accepted.<a href="#cite_note-nouve11-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-nouv22-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diesel">Diesel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diesel">edit</a>]</div> In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> were used only in <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">heavy equipment</a> so, to help sell off the surpluses in French refineries, the state created a favorable tax regime to encourage motorists and manufacturers to use diesel.<a href="#cite_note-Vilars-94">[94]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1979_oil_crisis" title="1979 oil crisis">1979 oil crisis</a> prompted efforts to curb petrol (gasoline) use, while taking advantage of diesel fuel availability and diesel engine efficiency. The French manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Groupe_PSA" class="mw-redirect" title="Groupe PSA">Peugeot</a> has been at the forefront of diesel technology, and from the 1980s, the French government favored this technology. A reduction in <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">VAT</a> taxes for corporate fleets also increased the prevalence of diesel cars in France.<a href="#cite_note-lese11-95">[95]</a> In 2015, two out of every three cars purchased consumed diesel fuel.<a href="#cite_note-Vilars-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fuel_prices">Fuel prices</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fuel prices">edit</a>]</div> The price of petrol (SP95-E10) decreased during 2018, from €1.47 per liter (USD $6.57/gallon) in January to €1.43 per liter (USD $6.40/gallon) in the last week of November.<a href="#cite_note-lci556-96">[96]</a> Prices of petrol and diesel fuel increased by 15 per cent and 23 per cent respectively between October 2017 and October 2018.<a href="#cite_note-lepoint1611-97">[97]</a> The world market purchase price of petrol for distributors increased by 28 per cent over the previous year; for diesel, by 35 per cent. Costs of distribution increased by 40 per cent. VAT included, diesel taxes increased by 14 per cent over one year and petrol taxes by 7.5 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-lepoint1611-97">[97]</a> The tax increase had been 7.6 cents per litre on diesel and 3.9 cents on petrol in 2018, with a further increase of 6.5 cents on diesel and 2.9 cents on petrol planned for 1 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-energy-99">[99]</a> The taxes collected on sales of fuel are: <ul><li>The domestic consumption tax on energy products (TICPE, la Taxe intérieure de consommation sur les produits énergétiques), which is not calculated based on the price of oil, but rather at a fixed rate by volume. Part of this tax, paid at the pump, goes to regional governments, while another portion goes to the national government. Since 2014, this tax has included a <a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">carbon</a> component—increased each year—in an effort to reduce <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> consumption. The TICPE for diesel fuel was raised sharply in 2017 and 2018 to bring it to the same level as the tax on petrol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">Value added tax</a> (VAT), calculated on the sum of the price excluding tax and the TICPE. Its rate has been stable at 20 per cent since 2014, after having been at 19.6 per cent between 2000 and 2014.</li></ul> The protest movement against fuel prices mainly concerns individuals, as a number of professions and activities benefit from partial or total exemptions from TICPE.<a href="#cite_note-local3010-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-OTRE-100">[100]</a> Though allegedly pro-climate, the protesters criticized <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe%27s_second_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Philippe's second government">Édouard Philippe's second government</a> for burdening households with the bulk of the carbon tax, while offering exemptions to many <a href="/wiki/Emission_intensity" title="Emission intensity">carbon-intensive</a> companies.<a href="#cite_note-Driscoll-101">[101]</a> As the carbon tax had progressively been ramping up to meet ecological objectives, many who had chosen fossil fuel-based heating for their homes, outside of the city center—where a car is required were displeased. President Macron attempted to dispel these concerns in early November by offering special subsidies and incentives.<a href="#cite_note-figaro0611-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-ofce0213-103">[103]</a> Diesel prices in France increased by 16 per cent in 2018, with taxes on both <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">petrol</a> and diesel increasing at the same time and a further tax increase planned for 2019, making diesel as expensive as petrol.<a href="#cite_note-CNN1-104">[104]</a> President Macron bore the brunt of the protesters' anger for his extension of policies implemented under <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>'s government.<a href="#cite_note-CNN1-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed_limit_reduction">Speed limit reduction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Speed limit reduction">edit</a>]</div> The government decided in 2017 to cut the speed limit on country roads from 1 July 2018 from 90 to 80 km/h (50 mph) with the aim to save 200 lives each year, after research found that "excessive or unsuitable" speed was involved in a third (32 per cent) of fatal road accidents. The change was opposed and was a factor in the rise of the yellow vest movement. It was seen as another tax via citations <a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> and a failure to understand the needs of rural residents who are totally reliant on their cars. Vandalism of traffic enforcement cameras grew significantly after the yellow vest movement began.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2233-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-thelo22-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto00-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_reforms">Economic reforms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economic reforms">edit</a>]</div> Sparked by claims that the fuel tax was intended to finance tax cuts for big business<a href="#cite_note-reut11-109">[109]</a> (a characterization that French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> has objected to, stating that the fuel tax was intended to discourage <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuel</a> use as a way to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">combat climate change</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-figaro0611-102">[102]</a>) and including many people motivated by economic difficulties due to low salaries and high energy prices,<a href="#cite_note-NYT_Creuse-111">[111]</a> the yellow vests movement has called for <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_income_and_wealth" title="Redistribution of income and wealth">redistributive</a> economic policies like a <a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, increased <a href="/wiki/Pension" title="Pension">pensions</a>, a higher <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a>, and reduced salaries for politicians.<a href="#cite_note-bloo11-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> While some commentators have claimed that the movement was a backlash to policies meant to combat climate change,<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> a communique released by the movement calls for a "real ecological policy", including fuel and kerosene taxes for ships and airplanes, but objects to policies like the gas tax that hit the poor and working class most heavily.<a href="#cite_note-nerw11-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt1123-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yellow_vest_symbol">Yellow vest symbol</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Yellow vest symbol">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg/220px-Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg/330px-Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg/440px-Warnweste_gelb-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/High-visibility_clothing" title="High-visibility clothing">high-visibility vest</a>, the key symbol of the protests</figcaption></figure> No one knows how the high-visibility yellow vest came to be chosen as the symbol and uniform for the movement, and no one has claimed to be its originator.<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a> The movement originated with French motorists from rural areas who had long commutes protesting against an increase in fuel taxes, wearing the yellow vests that, under a 2008 French law, all motorists are required to keep in their vehicles and wear in the case of an emergency.<a href="#cite_note-NPR181203-79">[79]</a> The symbol has become "a unifying thread and call to arms" as yellow vests are common and inexpensive, easy to wear over any clothing, are associated with working-class industries, highly noticeable, and widely understood as a distress signal.<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a> As the movement grew to include grievances beyond fuel taxes, non-motorists in France put on yellow vests and joined the demonstrations, as did protesters in other countries with diverse (and sometimes conflicting) grievances of their own.<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-NPR181203-79">[79]</a> In the words of one commentator, "The uniform of this revolution is as accessible as the frustration and fury."<a href="#cite_note-NYTFashion-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Origin">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_!.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg/200px-Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg/300px-Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg/400px-Occitanie_r%C3%A9fractaire_R%C3%A9sistons_%21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Gilets jaunes protest in <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Drouet" title="Éric Drouet">Éric Drouet</a> and a businesswoman named <a href="/wiki/Priscillia_Ludosky" title="Priscillia Ludosky">Priscillia Ludosky</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Marne" title="Seine-et-Marne">Seine-et-Marne</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> started a petition on the <a href="/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">change.org</a> website in May 2018 that had reached 300,000 signatures by mid-October and close to 1 million a month later.<a href="#cite_note-Ludosky-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guardian190209-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-LObs190115-119">[119]</a> Parallel to this petition, two men from the same Department launched a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> event for 17 November to "block all roads" and thus protest against an increase in fuel prices they considered excessive, stating that this increase was the result of the tax increase. One of the viral videos around this group launched the idea of using yellow jackets.<a href="#cite_note-Bianchi-120">[120]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-ManifGiletsJaunesVesoul_17nov2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="647" /></a><figcaption>The first gilets jaunes protest in <a href="/wiki/Vesoul" title="Vesoul">Vesoul</a>, 17 November 2018</figcaption></figure> The movement is organized in a leaderless, <a href="/wiki/Horizontalidad" title="Horizontalidad">horizontal</a> fashion. Informal leaders can emerge, but some have been rejected by other demonstrators and even threatened. According to John Lichfield, some in the movement extend their hatred of politicians even to any "would-be politicians who emerge from their own ranks".<a href="#cite_note-guard0312b-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-FT0612-122">[122]</a> The yellow jacket movement is not associated with a specific political party or trade union and has spread mostly on social media.<a href="#cite_note-Walt-123">[123]</a> The yellow vests movement has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-populist-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a><a href="#cite_note-grassroots-66">[66]</a> movement for <a href="/wiki/Economic_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Justice">economic justice</a>,<a href="#cite_note-economicjustice-124">[124]</a> opposing what it sees as the wealthy urban elite and <a href="/wiki/The_establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="The establishment">the establishment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-reut5755-125">[125]</a> Many of the protesters live in tight financial circumstances, often in rural or outer-urban areas where there is "weak economic growth and high unemployment", and where depending on a car for transport is "essential, and increasingly costly".<a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, "It's no accident that cars were the spark that ignited this anger. Not needing one has become a status symbol in France. Those in city centers have a wealth of public transport to choose from, but you need to be rich enough to live in the center of Paris or <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>".<a href="#cite_note-grassroots-66">[66]</a> The movement has drawn supporters from across the political spectrum.<a href="#cite_note-populist-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-grassroots-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a> An opinion poll published by the Elabe Institute showed that in the presidential election in May 2017, 36% of the participants voted for far-right candidate <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a> and 28% for far-left candidate <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_M%C3%A9lenchon" title="Jean-Luc Mélenchon">Jean-Luc Mélenchon</a> in the 2017 presidential elections.<a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-elab112-126">[126]</a> Five <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> journalists studied the yellow vests' forty-two directives<a href="#cite_note-42_Directives-37">[37]</a> and concluded that two thirds were "very close" to the position of the "radical left" (Mélenchon, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Poutou" title="Philippe Poutou">Philippe Poutou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathalie_Arthaud" title="Nathalie Arthaud">Nathalie Arthaud</a>), nearly a half were "compatible with" the position of the "far right" (<a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Dupont-Aignan" title="Nicolas Dupont-Aignan">Nicolas Dupont-Aignan</a> and Marine Le Pen), and that all were "very far removed" from economically "liberal" policies (Emmanuel Macron and <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">François Fillon</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Spectrum_42_revendications-127">[127]</a> Étienne Girard, writing for <a href="/wiki/Marianne_(magazine)" title="Marianne (magazine)">Marianne</a>, says the one figure that gathers wide support in the movement has been dead for thirty-two years: the former humourist and presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Coluche" title="Coluche">Coluche</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mari331-128">[128]</a> Some media outlets were shocked at the hostility they felt from the very beginning of the yellow vest mobilization. The media had been largely supportive of Emmanuel Macron's government since before his election. This unyielding support of his policies was widely cited by the yellow vests' as the main cause of this violence.<a href="#cite_note-Lordon-129">[129]</a> Multiple verbal and physical attacks perpetrated by yellow vests against journalists have been reported and documented throughout the movement.<a href="#cite_note-rsf.org-130">[130]</a> For example in Rouen during the Acte IX, LCI television reporters were attacked by a group of protesters, thrown to the ground and beaten.<a href="#cite_note-euronews.com-131">[131]</a> The same day a reporter for the local newspaper La Dépêche du Midi was threatened by yellow vest protesters in Toulouse who told her "we'll take you out of your car and rape you".<a href="#cite_note-euronews.com-131">[131]</a> On 19 November a BFMTV crew was forced to abandon a protest in the Bordeaux region because they were targeted by protesters who not only hurled insults but also threw stones and beer cans at them.<a href="#cite_note-rsf.org-130">[130]</a> In parallel, many comments and photomontages expressing hatred towards journalists as a whole circulated on "yellow vest" Facebook pages. In December the level of threats and attacks was such that more and more news organizations decided that every reporter they sent out should be accompanied by a bodyguard,<a href="#cite_note-Renault-132">[132]</a> because of the strong aversion the yellow jackets had shown toward journalists and media.<a href="#cite_note-Lordon-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Renault-132">[132]</a> A month later, 25 yellow vests prevented <a href="/wiki/Ouest-France" title="Ouest-France">Ouest-France</a> from being delivered in parts of the Vendée and Loire-Atlantique because they did not like an editorial.<a href="#cite_note-oues121-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hurst-134">[134]</a> Protesters had also blocked the printing center of the L'Yonne Republicaine newspaper and prevented the newspaper la Voix du Nord from being distributed.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> International media have also reported on the disproportionate violence used by the French police response against the protestors, including the use of explosive grenades and <a href="/wiki/Flashball" class="mw-redirect" title="Flashball">flashball</a> weapons resulting in multiple incidents of loss of limb and sight by the protestors.<a href="#cite_note-gua2019-81">[81]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bd_StGermain_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bd_StGermain_5.jpg/220px-Bd_StGermain_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bd_StGermain_5.jpg/330px-Bd_StGermain_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Bd_StGermain_5.jpg/440px-Bd_StGermain_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes demonstration on boulevard <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Germain" title="Boulevard Saint-Germain">Saint-Germain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, 5 January 2019</figcaption></figure> According to Stéphane Sirot, a specialist in the history of French <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unionism</a>, the unions were hesitant to join forces with the yellow jackets because the movement included people trade unions traditionally do not represent (business owners and the self-employed) as well as people who simply did not want to negotiate. The presence of far-right elements in the movement was also off-putting to the CGT.<a href="#cite_note-euro244-136">[136]</a> A significant number of misleading images and information have been circulated on social media concerning the protests. According to Pascal Froissart, the leaderless, horizontal aspect of the movement contributes to the dissemination of disinformation, as nobody is in charge of public relations or social media messaging.<a href="#cite_note-lefi1321-137">[137]</a> One of the goals of the yellow jackets is to obtain the right to <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">direct initiative</a>, in other words, the right to petition the government at any time to propose or repeal a law, amend the constitution, or remove a public official from office. The bottom-up Swiss model of government, where referendums are frequent, has been compared to the top-down French governmental system to explain the lack of a similar movement in French-speaking Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-lete11-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-rts112-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chouard" title="Étienne Chouard">Étienne Chouard</a>, a French economics and law teacher, and a retired dentist named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yvan_Bachaud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yvan Bachaud (page does not exist)">Yvan Bachaud</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvan_Bachaud" class="extiw" title="fr:Yvan Bachaud">fr</a>], who named the <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_initiative_referendum_(France)" title="Citizens' initiative referendum (France)">RIC</a>, were among the earliest proponents of such referendums.<a href="#cite_note-libe645-140">[140]</a> More recently, several politicians included the idea in their 2017 presidential platforms.<a href="#cite_note-fra576-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-dissent2-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-fra677-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_(first_phase)">Timeline (first phase)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Timeline (first phase)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018">2018</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2018">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17_November:_"Act_I"">17 November: "Act I"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 17 November: "Act I"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilets_jaunes,_Mont-de-marsan,_17-11-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg/220px-Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg/330px-Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg/440px-Gilets_jaunes%2C_Mont-de-marsan%2C_17-11-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4657" data-file-height="2620" /></a><figcaption>Gilets jaunes protest in <a href="/wiki/Mont-de-Marsan" title="Mont-de-Marsan">Mont-de-Marsan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Landes_(department)" title="Landes (department)">Landes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg/220px-2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg/330px-2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg/440px-2018-11-17_11-13-30_manif-gilets-jaunes-CarrefourEsperance-belfort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5700" data-file-height="2314" /></a><figcaption>A protest on 17 November cutting the road near <a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a></figcaption></figure> The protests began on 17 November 2018, and attracted more than 300,000 people across France with protesters constructing barricades and blocking roads.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Local1-144">[144]</a> John Lichfield, a journalist who witnessed the riots, described them as insurrectional.<a href="#cite_note-local0212-145">[145]</a> In addition to roads, protesters also blocked as many as ten fuel depots.<a href="#cite_note-fra876-146">[146]</a> On this first day of protests, a 63-year-old pensioner was run over by a motorist in <a href="/wiki/Le_Pont-de-Beauvoisin,_Savoie" title="Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Savoie">Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin</a> while she was demonstrating at a roundabout at the entrance to a commercial zone.<a href="#cite_note-Bianchi-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mazet-147">[147]</a> A motorcyclist died after being struck the same day by a van trying to get around a barricade.<a href="#cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">[148]</a> By 21 November casualties had climbed to 585 civilians and 115 police injured, with 16 civilians and 3 police severely wounded.<a href="#cite_note-lemonde2111-149">[149]</a> Protests also occurred in the French <a href="/wiki/Overseas_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas region">overseas region</a> of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>, where the situation developed into looting and riots. Schools on the island were closed for three days after protesters blocked access to roads. On 21 November, President Macron ordered the deployment of troops to the island to calm the violence.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-150">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="24_November:_"Act_II"">24 November: "Act II"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 24 November: "Act II"">edit</a>]</div> With the protests in Paris having raised tensions the previous week, the Interior Ministry agreed to allow a gathering on 24 November at the <a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-150">[150]</a> The protests attracted 106,000 people all across France,<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-151">[151]</a> only 8,000 of whom were in Paris, where the protests turned violent. Protesters lit fires in the streets, tore down signs, built barricades, and pulled up cobblestones. Police resorted to <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> and water cannons to disperse the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2-98">[98]</a> On 26 November, an official estimated that the riots in Paris during the two previous days had cost up to €1.5m ($1,680,000) in damage. Two hundred additional workers were assigned to assist with the cleanup and repair work.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian2-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1_December:_"Act_III"">1 December: "Act III"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1 December: "Act III"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/220px-2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/330px-2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/440px-2018-12-01_14-37-38_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Belfort" title="Belfort">Belfort</a> on 1 December</figcaption></figure> A protest called "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Act_III_of_Yellow_vests_movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Act III of Yellow vests movement (page does not exist)">Act 3 – Macron Quits</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acte_III_du_mouvement_des_Gilets_jaunes" class="extiw" title="fr:Acte III du mouvement des Gilets jaunes">fr</a>]" was organised for 1 December.<a href="#cite_note-conne32-153">[153]</a> Yellow vest protestors briefly occupied the runway at <a href="/wiki/Nantes_Atlantique_Airport" title="Nantes Atlantique Airport">Nantes Atlantique Airport</a> and prevented access to <a href="/wiki/Nice_C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur_Airport" title="Nice Côte d'Azur Airport">Nice Côte d'Azur Airport</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci Autoroutes</a> reported tollbooths were blocked on 20 major arteries all across France.<a href="#cite_note-lepa332-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-lyo3230-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-asia881-156">[156]</a> It is during a strike by railway workers, in Amiens, that the yellow vests protesters first sung <a href="/wiki/On_est_l%C3%A0_!" title="On est là !">On est là !</a>, a song that has since become the "hymn" of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> In Marseille, where demonstrations had been frequent since the 5 November <a href="/wiki/2018_collapse_of_the_rue_d%27aubagne" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 collapse of the rue d'aubagne">collapse of a building</a> and the evacuation of the surrounding neighborhoods,<a href="#cite_note-oues576-158">[158]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zineb_Redouane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zineb Redouane (page does not exist)">Zineb Redouane</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Zineb_Redouane" class="extiw" title="fr:Affaire Zineb Redouane">fr</a>], an 80-year-old Algerian woman, was fatally wounded by shards from a police tear gas canister while trying to close her shutters.<a href="#cite_note-bbc0312-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGPN-160">[160]</a> Farther north, a second motorist was killed after crashing his van into stopped lorries at a barricade on the <a href="/wiki/A54_autoroute" title="A54 autoroute">Arles bypass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">[148]</a> More than 100 cars were burned in Paris during the protest on 1 December, and the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a> was vandalised.<a href="#cite_note-local0212-145">[145]</a> A man fell into a coma and several people were seriously injured after the yellow vests tore down a 15 ft cast iron railing from the Tuilerie garden.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> On the following Monday, <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mayors of Paris">Paris Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a> estimated the property damages at €3–4 million ($3,358,000-4,480,000).<a href="#cite_note-bbc0312-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="8_December:_"Act_IV"">8 December: "Act IV"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 8 December: "Act IV"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/220px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/330px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/440px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5467" data-file-height="3645" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> on 8 December 2018</figcaption></figure> Protests turned violent for the second week in a row in <a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy-en-Velay</a>. Civil unrest marred the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_(Lyon)" title="Festival of Lights (Lyon)">Festival of Lights</a> in both Lyon and Saint-Étienne.<a href="#cite_note-tvin445-162">[162]</a> The A6 motorway was again blocked north of Lyon in <a href="/wiki/Villefranche-sur-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Villefranche-sur-Saône">Villefranche-sur-Saône</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tvin4357-163">[163]</a> In Bordeaux, after two hours of skirmishes between the police and protesters, rioters took advantage of the situation to set fires and pillage the local <a href="/wiki/Apple_Store" title="Apple Store">Apple Store</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lemo976-164">[164]</a> Paris experienced protests for the fourth consecutive week. Many shops were boarded up in anticipation of violence, with The Louvre, Eiffel Tower and the Paris Opera also closed.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters8th-165">[165]</a> Police assembled steel fences around the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a> and deployed armored vehicles on the streets in an attempt to limit the violence.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters8th-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="10_December:_Macron's_televised_address">10 December: Macron's televised address</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 10 December: Macron's televised address">edit</a>]</div> In his 10 December speech to the French people in response to the movement, Macron pledged a €100 per month increase in the minimum wage in 2019, the exclusion of charges and taxes on overtime hours in 2019, and on any 2018 end-of-year bonuses paid to employees. Macron likewise announced that pensioners on low incomes would be excluded from an increase in the <a href="/wiki/General_social_contribution" class="mw-redirect" title="General social contribution">CSG</a> in 2019. He stood by his replacement of the solidarity tax on wealth with increases in property taxes.<a href="#cite_note-bbcSpeech-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-lemo008-167">[167]</a> The broadcast was watched by more than 23 million people, making it the most-viewed political speech in French history.<a href="#cite_note-puremedia-168">[168]</a> After investigation, it became apparent that the minimum wage itself would not be raised by €100 a month but that those eligible would see an increase in the activity bonus paid by the <a href="/wiki/Caisse_d%27allocations_familiales" title="Caisse d'allocations familiales">CAF</a>.<a href="#cite_note-soir534-53">[53]</a> On 11 December, after having declared a state of economic and social emergency the day before, Macron invited representatives of the French banks to the Elysée to announce that the banks had agreed to freeze their prices in 2019 and to permanently limit incident-related fees to €25 a month ($28/month) for people in extreme financial difficulty, as determined by the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Bank of France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LCI_GeldeFrais-169">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="15_December:_"Act_V"">15 December: "Act V"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 15 December: "Act V"">edit</a>]</div> In the wake of the <a href="/wiki/2018_Strasbourg_attack" title="2018 Strasbourg attack">2018 Strasbourg attack</a>, the government asked protesters to stay off the streets. According to the Paris prefecture estimates, there were 8,000 police for 2,200 demonstrators in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Willsher-59">[59]</a> The Minister of the Interior estimated that 66,000 people protested in France on 15 December.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-170">[170]</a> Conflict arose in Bordeaux, <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, Marseille, Lyon and the capital. <a href="/wiki/Priscillia_Ludosky" title="Priscillia Ludosky">Priscillia Ludosky</a>, in front of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a>, said over <a href="/wiki/Megaphone" title="Megaphone">megaphone</a>: "We are exhausted by the colossal pressure of <a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation">taxation</a> that takes away the energy of our country, of our entrepreneurs, of our <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">artisans</a>, of our small businesses, of our creators and of our workers, while a small elite constantly <a href="/wiki/Tax_dodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax dodge">dodges taxes</a>."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-170">[170]</a> At the end of the day, the Interior Minister called for the roundabouts, occupied since 17 November, to be liberated.<a href="#cite_note-lemo800-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="22_December:_"Act_VI"">22 December: "Act VI"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 22 December: "Act VI"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/220px-2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/330px-2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/440px-2018-12-22_14-38-11_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3825" data-file-height="2215" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes demonstration in Belfort on 22 December</figcaption></figure> Demonstrations continued throughout the country. The Ministry of the Interior announced a participation figure almost half that of the previous week with 38,600 demonstrators throughout France, including 2,000 in Paris according to the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture_of_Police_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture of Police of Paris">Prefecture of Police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-afp245-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Monde2212-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles Palace</a> was preventively closed for the day.<a href="#cite_note-qzco331-174">[174]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Drouet" title="Éric Drouet">Éric Drouet</a>, the 33-year-old truck driver who is one of the most followed yellow jackets on Facebook, was arrested for organizing an undeclared demonstration and participating in a violent assembly. He had called on Facebook for demonstrators to meet at Versailles but then revised the call to <a href="/wiki/Montmartre" title="Montmartre">Montmartre</a> after it had been announced that Versailles would be closed. Authorities say that Drouet was carrying a truncheon and would be summoned in court where they would seek to prevent him from coming to Paris.<a href="#cite_note-nouv9873-175">[175]</a> Protesters blocked border traffic to Switzerland at Cluse-et-Mijoux. They were dispersed after one hour by police.<a href="#cite_note-Swiss1-176">[176]</a> Similar operations were conducted at the Spanish, Italian, German, and Belgian borders.<a href="#cite_note-Swiss1-176">[176]</a> Two distribution platforms were blocked in <a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9limar" title="Montélimar">Montélimar</a>: EasyDis (<a href="/wiki/Groupe_Casino" title="Groupe Casino">Groupe Casino</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Amazon_(company)" title="Amazon (company)">Amazon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-leda673-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-lepa-178">[178]</a> Overall, at least 220 people were arrested in the country, including 142 in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-lci9837-179">[179]</a> A motorist was killed on 21 December when his car hit a truck that was stopped at a blockade in <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, the tenth fatality overall.<a href="#cite_note-Monde2212-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="29_December:_"Act_VII"">29 December: "Act VII"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 29 December: "Act VII"">edit</a>]</div> Much quieter than in the first weeks on a national level, there was a significant confrontation in <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, after fires were set in front of the local branch of the <a href="/wiki/Banque_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Banque de France">Bank of France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-actu38754-180">[180]</a> In Paris, the protesters demonstrated in front of the headquarters of BFM-TV, Libération and France Télévisions. Victor Glad suggests that the same crisis of representation motivating the citizens' initiative referendums is also behind the gilets jaunes' criticism of the traditional media.<a href="#cite_note-libe239874-181">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: 2019">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="5_January:_"Act_VIII"">5 January: "Act VIII"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: 5 January: "Act VIII"">edit</a>]</div> According to the French Ministry of the Interior, the first demonstrations of 2019 brought 50,000 people into the streets across France. A door to Rennes' city hall was damaged, while government Spokesman <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Griveaux" title="Benjamin Griveaux">Benjamin Griveaux</a> was evacuated from his office on Rue de Grenelle (Paris) through the garden, after rioters hijacked a <a href="/wiki/Forklift" title="Forklift">forklift</a> to break down the door to the Ministry. There were also skirmishes in Bordeaux, Nantes, <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> & <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt049874-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_yellow_vests_movement" title="Women in the yellow vests movement">Women's role</a>, both in defining the movement's objectives<a href="#cite_note-Ludosky-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lehut-183">[183]</a> and in communicating at roundabouts,<a href="#cite_note-actu198273-184">[184]</a> is—for editorialist Pierre Rimbert—a reflection of the fact that women make up the majority of workers in "intermediary professions" but are three times more likely to be classed as "employees" than men according to an <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> study in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-monde49874-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-monde408759863-186">[186]</a> Women organized separate demonstrations in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> and Caen. According to one of the organizers, the goal was to have a "channel of communication other than violence".<a href="#cite_note-lemo1772-187">[187]</a> A civil servant and former light-heavyweight boxing champion was filmed fighting with two gendarmes on a footbridge about one of the gendarmes' use of force. One month later the civil servant was sentenced to serve one year of sleeping in jail, which allowed him to continue to work.<a href="#cite_note-Dettinger-188">[188]</a> The interior minister announced that over 60% of the traffic enforcement cameras in the country had been vandalized.<a href="#cite_note-bbc98364-189">[189]</a> This was up from estimates of 50% in early December.<a href="#cite_note-euro87874-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="12_January:_"Act_IX"">12 January: "Act IX"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: 12 January: "Act IX"">edit</a>]</div> Attendance increased in the ninth straight weekend of protests, with at least 84,000 demonstrating on 12 January for economic reform across France, including 8,000 in Paris, 6,000 in Bourges, 6,000 in Bordeaux, and 2,000 in Strasbourg.<a href="#cite_note-Carcenac-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP190112-193">[193]</a> Government officials deployed 80,000 security forces nationwide, vowing "zero tolerance" for violence.<a href="#cite_note-AFP190112-193">[193]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Compagnies_R%C3%A9publicaines_de_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité">CRS</a> (riot police) resorted to tear gas in most major cities.<a href="#cite_note-Carcenac-191">[191]</a> On the streets of Paris, protesters marching "noisily but mostly peacefully",<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a> singing the French national anthem, were met by 5,000 riot police officers, armored vehicles and barricades.<a href="#cite_note-AFP190112-193">[193]</a> Citing 5 January attack on the <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a> and terror threats, the police communication service said that some CRS agents were authorized to carry semi-automatic weapons. This was confirmed by the Paris prefecture.<a href="#cite_note-20min33-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-medi872-195">[195]</a> Small groups of people left the designated protest route and threw projectiles at police.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a> Around the Arc de Triomphe, riot police fired water cannons and tear gas at protesters after being hit with stones and paint.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a> 244 people were arrested nationwide; 156 in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP190112-193">[193]</a> A "massive"<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a> gas explosion caused by an apparent gas leak in a bakery in northern Paris killed four people, including two firefighters already at the scene investigating the leak, and injured dozens more.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc190112-196">[196]</a> The explosions occurred early on 12 January,<a href="#cite_note-Reuters190112-192">[192]</a> while Paris was under heavy guard in anticipation of the day's demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc190112-196">[196]</a> The French Interior Minister told the media that "responsibility triumphed over the temptation of confrontation" and that protesters marched in Paris "without serious incident".<a href="#cite_note-AFP190112-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19_January:_"Act_X"">19 January: "Act X"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 19 January: "Act X"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acte10hommage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acte10hommage.jpg/220px-Acte10hommage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acte10hommage.jpg/330px-Acte10hommage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Acte10hommage.jpg/440px-Acte10hommage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Tribute to the dead during the movement (Paris, act 10)</figcaption></figure> As in week IX, police estimated that 84,000 people demonstrated across France, including a peak of 10,000 in Toulouse for a short period, 7,000 in Paris (where protesters demonstrated on the Left Bank for the first time), 4,000 in Bordeaux, and 2,500 in both Marseille and <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lefi9873-197">[197]</a> This weekly protest is the first to happen after the launch of the "Great National Debate" by President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="26_January:_"Act_XI"">26 January: "Act XI"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 26 January: "Act XI"">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues#Eye_loss_incident" title="Jérôme Rodrigues">Jérôme Rodrigues § Eye loss incident</a></div> Nationwide demonstrations continued for an eleventh straight week on Saturday, 26 January. The French interior ministry estimated crowds of 69,000 across the country, and local police estimated 4,000 in Paris. A high-profile member of the protest movement, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues" title="Jérôme Rodrigues">Jérôme Rodrigues</a>, was maimed after being shot in the face by police with a <a href="/wiki/Flash-ball" title="Flash-ball">flash-ball</a> launcher, resulting in the loss of his right eye. Dozens of people have been similarly injured during the course of the yellow vests protests.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian190127-198">[198]</a> "I was deliberately targeted. I am a figure of the movement, at least in the Paris protests, and police pointed their fingers at me many times during previous demonstrations, so I think they knew very well who they were shooting at," Rodrigues told the media.<a href="#cite_note-CNN190127-199">[199]</a> The following day, an estimated 10,000 people marched in Paris in a <a href="#Foulards_rouges_(red_scarves)">foulards rouges</a> ("red scarves") counter-protest in opposition to the yellow vests.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian190127-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN190127-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2_February:_"Act_XII"">2 February: "Act XII"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: 2 February: "Act XII"">edit</a>]</div> On Friday, 1 February 2019, <a href="/wiki/Edouard_Philippe" class="mw-redirect" title="Edouard Philippe">Edouard Philippe</a> went to Bordeaux and informed merchants that an agreement had been found with insurers to treat insurance damage claims in successive weeks as part of a single event (with a single deductible). He also announced that the ten cities most affected by degradations, including Bordeaux, would receive €300,000 ($336,000).<a href="#cite_note-lemo3467-200">[200]</a> On Saturday, 2 February, between 10,000 and 13,800 people protested in Paris,<a href="#cite_note-Reut20190202-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> with thousands more in <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valence_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (city)">Valence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, and other French cities.<a href="#cite_note-Reut20190202-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> In Valence, the downtown shopping district was boarded up; the city had removed trash cans, park benches and protective fencing around trees in preparation. Paving stones had been tarred over to eliminate the risk of their being used as projectiles.<a href="#cite_note-monde09896-203">[203]</a> According to the préfecture, 1850 people demonstrated in downtown Tours, which had likewise been boarded up.<a href="#cite_note-lemo49875-204">[204]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg/170px-Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg/255px-Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg/340px-Paris_rue_de_Rennes_GJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>A Gilets jaunes protest in Paris, 9 February 2019</figcaption></figure> The demonstrations of "Act XII" focused on denouncing the number of serious injuries caused by police violence during anti-government demonstrations.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> According to the French government, around 2,000 civilians were injured in protests between November 2018 and February 2019, including four serious eye injuries.<a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> The government agency that investigates police abuses has opened 116 investigations into police conduct during the protests, including ten for serious eye injuries.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> A group of 59 lawyers published an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> denouncing the treatment of protesters in the courts, including rushed judgments against protesters without regard for their rights, which they contrasted with the slow pace of investigations into reports of police violence.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> Earlier in the week, France's highest court denied a request to ban police from using "flash balls" or "defensive ball launchers", known as LBDs, that shoot 40 millimetres (1.6 in) rubber projectiles, which have been blamed for a number of serious injuries.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> French Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Castaner" title="Christophe Castaner">Christophe Castaner</a> admitted in media interviews that the weapon could cause injuries and had been used more than 9,000 times since yellow vests demonstrations began.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> The day before the Act XII protests, the government warned the public that police would not hesitate to use weapons to combat violence by demonstrators, since they had been authorized by the court.<a href="#cite_note-Reut20190202-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> On Saturday, thousands in Paris participated in a "march of the injured" calling for the weapon to be banned.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> Injured protesters marched at the front, some wearing eye patches with a target sign on them.<a href="#cite_note-Reut20190202-201">[201]</a> Jerome Rodrigues, a well-known participant in the movement who lost an eye in the previous week's demonstrations, was received warmly with applause by the crowds.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> Most of the demonstrations during Act XII were peaceful.<a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> As in prior weeks, 80,000 security officials had been mobilized, including 5,000 in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-Reut20190202-201">[201]</a> In Paris, police used tear gas and water cannons at Place de la Republique in the city center to force demonstrators back after clashes with protesters, some hooded or masked, and some who set fire to bins and a scooter. Despite these incidents, the media reported that demonstrations "remained relatively calm compared to previous weekends".<a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a> Two police officers were injured and two protesters arrested in <a href="/wiki/Morlaix" title="Morlaix">Morlaix</a>; two officers injured and one demonstrator arrested in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>; and in <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, where between 1,800 and 3,000 protesters marched, 20 were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a> The twelfth week of protests occurred as the French parliament was considering a new law proposed by Macron's governing party restricting the right to protest. The proposed law would outlaw covering one's face during a street demonstration (whether with a helmet, mask, or scarf), punishable by a €15,000 ($16,800) fine or imprisonment,<a href="#cite_note-Guard20190202-206">[206]</a> and allow local police to establish blacklists of people not allowed to participate in street protests.<a href="#cite_note-AFP20190202-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP20190202-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guard20190202-206">[206]</a> The proposed law was opposed by some members of parliament inside and outside Macron's party.<a href="#cite_note-Guard20190202-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="16_February:_"Act_XIV"">16 February: "Act XIV"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: 16 February: "Act XIV"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Les_Gilets_Jaunes_(46340013341).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg/220px-Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg/330px-Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg/440px-Les_Gilets_Jaunes_%2846340013341%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="598" /></a><figcaption>Bordeaux, 9 February 2019</figcaption></figure> About 41,500 protesters (5,000 in Paris) took to the streets again on Saturday 16 February, for the 14th consecutive weekend.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In Paris, a group of individuals involved in the march confronted the high-profile Jewish philosopher and <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">academician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a> with anti-Semitic verbal abuse. Police stepped in to protect him, and Macron later said that this behavior was an "absolute negation" of what made France great and would not be tolerated.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Week14-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The man leading the insults against the philosopher on published video-recordings of the event was detained for questioning on Tuesday on charges of hate speech. Police indicated he was close to the <a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafi movement</a> in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-BenjaminW-209">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="3_March:_"The_True_Debate"">3 March: "The True Debate"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: 3 March: "The True Debate"">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/The_True_Debate_(France)" title="The True Debate (France)">The True Debate (France)</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_True_Debate_(France)&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <a href="/wiki/The_True_Debate_(France)" title="The True Debate (France)">The True Debate</a> (in French, Le Vrai Débat) was a French citizen debate organized from January 30 to March 3, 2019<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELudoskySouqueProstGontard2019-210">[210]</a> within the Yellow Vests Movement, to decide at a national level on the political goals of the movement. It particularly highlighted the <a href="/wiki/Citizens%27_initiative_referendum_(France)" title="Citizens' initiative referendum (France)">Citizen's initiative referendum</a> (RIC) as the primary demand of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-The_True_Debate_(France)_Figaro29mars-211">[211]</a> The debate had 44,000 participants, with 1 million votes cast on 25,000 proposals,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZancariniGourgues20192-212">[212]</a> covering four main themes: the "deep transformation of the political system," "reinforcement of public services," "fiscal justice," and a "solidarity-based and accessible ecology."<a href="#cite_note-The_True_Debate_(France)_rencontre-213">[213]</a> The debate is described by its organizers as "true," in contrast to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Great_National_Debate_(France)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Great National Debate (France) (page does not exist)">Great National Debate</a> created by <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">French President</a> <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>, whose legitimacy was questioned by many in the movement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMabi2019-214">[214]</a></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="16_March:_"Act_XVIII"">16 March: "Act XVIII"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 16 March: "Act XVIII"">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique,_2019.08.03.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png/220px-Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png/330px-Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png/440px-Yellow_vests_-_Place_de_la_R%C3%A9publique%2C_2019.08.03.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Act XVIII</figcaption></figure> Leaders of the movement stated on 8 March 2019 that a protest (which had already been dubbed "The Ultimatum") was planned for the following weekend of 16 March.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> 200 people were taken into custody in Paris after the Champs-Elysées was again targeted by rioters. Luxury stores including <a href="/wiki/Fouquet%27s" title="Fouquet's">Fouquet's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Boss" title="Hugo Boss">Hugo Boss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a> were among the 80 businesses damaged, pillaged or set ablaze. <a href="/wiki/Anne_Hidalgo" title="Anne Hidalgo">Anne Hidalgo</a>, the Mayor of Paris, called upon the government to do something about the political and social fracture.<a href="#cite_note-AFP_monde_reuters-216">[216]</a> In response, the French government announced it would deploy the military, in addition to extra police and gendarmery forces. The soldiers were drafted from <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Sentinelle" title="Opération Sentinelle">Operation Sentinelle</a>, active since the <a href="/wiki/January_2015_%C3%8Ele-de-France_attacks" title="January 2015 Île-de-France attacks">January 2015 terror attacks in Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="7_September:_"Act_XLIII"">7 September: "Act XLIII"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: 7 September: "Act XLIII"">edit</a>]</div> New protests were held in cities, including Montpellier, Rouen and Strasbourg.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21_September:_"Act_XLV"">21 September: "Act XLV"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: 21 September: "Act XLV"">edit</a>]</div> A new wave of yellow vest protests was initiated in Paris for the 45th consecutive week. Over a hundred demonstrators were taken into custody after they attempted to enter Avenue Champs-Elysees by force.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 2020">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="14_March:_"Act_LXX"">14 March: "Act LXX"</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: 14 March: "Act LXX"">edit</a>]</div> People participated in the protests of 14 March 2020 in spite of the imminent COVID-19 national lockdown, but leaders of the movement, like Maxime Nicolle and Jérôme Rodrigues, called on staying safe at home.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> The lockdown effectively put an end to the weekly protests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fatalities_and_injuries">Fatalities and injuries</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fatalities and injuries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg/170px-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg/255px-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg/340px-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Rodrigues_16_f%C3%A9vrier_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>Gilets jaunes leader Jérôme Rodrigues lost an eye after a police intervention on 26 January 2019<a href="#cite_note-Willsher-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></figcaption></figure> According to an <a href="/wiki/Anadolu_Agency" title="Anadolu Agency">AA</a> report published on 3 May 2019, the French <a href="/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a> documented 11 fatalities, with five individuals losing their hands as a result of police use of grenades, and 23 people losing their eyesight.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>Fatalities </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Number </th> <th scope="col">Context </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">17 November </th> <td>1</td> <td>pedestrian + car<a href="#cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">19 November </th> <td>1</td> <td>motorbike + truck<a href="#cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1/2 December </th> <td>1</td> <td>car + <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">HGV/LGV</a><a href="#cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">[148]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Case_Zineb_Redouane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Case Zineb Redouane (page does not exist)">1 December</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Zineb_Redouane" class="extiw" title="fr:Affaire Zineb Redouane">fr</a>] </th> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a> grenade (<a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>)<a href="#cite_note-bbc0312-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-IGPN-160">[160]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 December </th> <td>1</td> <td>car + <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">HGV/LGV</a><a href="#cite_note-Monde_SixDead-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12/13 December </th> <td>1</td> <td>pedestrian + <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">HGV/LGV</a><a href="#cite_note-Monde_SixDead-223">[223]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">14 December </th> <td>2</td> <td>car + <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">HGV/LGV</a><a href="#cite_note-lexp33452-224">[224]</a> car + car<a href="#cite_note-lci98744-225">[225]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">20 December </th> <td>1</td> <td>pedestrian + truck<a href="#cite_note-Reuters181220-226">[226]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">22 December </th> <td>1</td> <td>car + truck<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph181222-227">[227]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> By late December 2018, over 1,843 protesters and 1,048 police had been injured.<a href="#cite_note-bfm9874983-228">[228]</a> Injuries included tens of <a href="/wiki/Facial_trauma" title="Facial trauma">facial trauma</a> caused by police <a href="/wiki/Non-lethal_weapon#Ammunition" title="Non-lethal weapon">non-lethal weapon ammunition</a>,<a href="#cite_note-refl276276-229">[229]</a> nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Flash-ball" title="Flash-ball">flash-ball</a>" despite not being of the type,<a href="#cite_note-libe0928894-230">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-thelo98287623-231">[231]</a> that are supposed to be fired at the legs, not at the head, and are accurate enough for this purpose.<a href="#cite_note-inter8783-232">[232]</a> As of 14 January 2019, 94 had been reported as seriously injured, including 14 with monocular blindness and one who had to be treated for a brain hemorrhage and left in an artificial coma (from which he emerged on the following Friday).<a href="#cite_note-libe872872-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc98982333-234">[234]</a> By 28 January 2019, a total of 11 fatalities had been reported.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Impact">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adama_Committee_and_Nuit_Debout">Adama Committee and Nuit Debout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Adama Committee and Nuit Debout">edit</a>]</div> On 29 November, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Ruffin" title="François Ruffin">François Ruffin</a>, the founder of left-wing <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakir_(journal)" class="extiw" title="fr:Fakir (journal)">Fakir</a> magazine, organized a mobilizing meeting with various French left-wing movements, at which <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Lordon" title="Frédéric Lordon">Frédéric Lordon</a> spoke of the Yellow Vests, saying "If the <a href="/wiki/Nuit_debout" title="Nuit debout">Nuitdeboutistes</a> who got all wound up into deforestation and anti-specist commissions can't get moving when this happens, then they are the lowest of the low".<a href="#cite_note-maria27652-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Students_protesting_against_the_government's_educational_reforms">Students protesting against the government's educational reforms</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Students protesting against the government's educational reforms">edit</a>]</div> Angered by Macron's education reforms and plans to change the <a href="/wiki/Baccalaur%C3%A9at" title="Baccalauréat">baccalauréat</a> (a secondary-school <a href="/wiki/List_of_secondary_school_leaving_qualifications" title="List of secondary school leaving qualifications">leaving exam</a>), students protested in cities across France.<a href="#cite_note-bbc99298982-237">[237]</a> Students expressed concern that these reforms will lead to further inequalities of access to higher education between students in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-Parcoursup-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-lanou29872-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-belly09092-240">[240]</a> On 6 December, over 140 students were arrested outside a school in <a href="/wiki/Mantes-la-Jolie" title="Mantes-la-Jolie">Mantes-la-Jolie</a>. A video of the mass arrest—showing students kneeling with their hands behind their heads—inspired indignation.<a href="#cite_note-fra276276-241">[241]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Michel_Blanquer" title="Jean-Michel Blanquer">Jean-Michel Blanquer</a>, the French Education Minister, said that although he was "shocked" by the scene, it needed to be viewed "in context".<a href="#cite_note-lemo15427398-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc28716412-243">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> issued a report about the incident.<a href="#cite_note-AI-244">[244]</a> On the same day, France Bleu reported that <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> was "under siege".<a href="#cite_note-fra87172653-245">[245]</a> It was in this context that the mayor of Saint-Étienne suggested, first by tweet then by press release, that the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Lights_(Lyon)" title="Festival of Lights (Lyon)">Festival of Lights</a> in neighboring Lyon be canceled to free up police in the region.<a href="#cite_note-lyon11-246">[246]</a> University students have reportedly joined the movement, denouncing the planned increase of tuition fees for foreign students from non-<a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> countries.<a href="#cite_note-fra56583475-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christmas_shopping_season">Christmas shopping season</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Christmas shopping season">edit</a>]</div> By mid-December, trade losses of €2 billion ($2.24×109) had been reported as a result of blocked access routes to commercial zones and the closures of urban chains. Supermarkets reported that traffic had dropped significantly, estimating the overall loss at around €600 million ($672,000,000) as of 13 December.<a href="#cite_note-lemo1154254222-248">[248]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/220px-2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/330px-2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg/440px-2018-12-29_14-50-04_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2209" /></a><figcaption>A Gilets jaunes protest in December 2018</figcaption></figure> A terrorist attack on 11 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Christkindelsm%C3%A4rik,_Strasbourg" title="Christkindelsmärik, Strasbourg">Strasbourg Christmas market</a> contributed to heightened public security concerns and smaller demonstrations in Act V. Conspiracy theories were circulated on social media, claiming that the attack, which had been perpetrated by a 29-year-old man with multiple criminal convictions, was a manufactured event.<a href="#cite_note-complosions-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-Soullier-250">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vinci_growth">Vinci growth</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Vinci growth">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Vinci_SA" title="Vinci SA">Vinci SA</a>, which operates roughly half of France's highway concessions, stated in its annual report to investors that traffic had dropped nine per cent in the final three months of 2018 as a result of the protests.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> CEO <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Huillard" title="Xavier Huillard">Xavier Huillard</a> said the fourth quarter loss "wiped out the increase in traffic of the first 10 months".<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> The riots led to a decline in the number of tourists visiting Paris in 2019, with hotel owners reporting fewer bookings in the run-up to the summer tourist season.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> France reported the largest decreases in international tourist activity in Europe, compared to countries such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_impact">Cultural impact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cultural impact">edit</a>]</div> A video of comedian Anne-Sophie Bajon, known as La Bajon, in the role of Emmanuel Macron's lawyer wearing a yellow vest, has been seen several million times on social networks.<a href="#cite_note-lepa998373562-255">[255]</a> Dancer Nadia Vadori-Gauthier improvised choreography in the street during demonstrations with the fumes of the various gases and fires of cars.<a href="#cite_note-lefi2298396u3-256">[256]</a> On 15 December 2018, on the sidelines of the demonstration on the Champs-Élysées, Deborah De Robertis organized a demonstration in which five women appear topless in front of the French police, with a costume reminiscent of the French allegory for Liberty <a href="/wiki/Marianne" title="Marianne">Marianne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lepa73736363-257">[257]</a> A video of a performance by yellow vests protesters at a roundabout of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Fugain" title="Michel Fugain">Michel Fugain</a>'s 1975 hit song Les Gentils, Les Méchants ("The Good Ones, The Evil Ones") received over 800,000 views online.<a href="#cite_note-euro38738722-258">[258]</a> A restaurant in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> created a yellow vests-inspired hamburger, served on a bright yellow bun, with a circular "roundabout" beef patty, onions from the vegetable plot of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a>, "tear gas" pepper sauce, and "CRS sauce" made of cream, ricotta, and Saint Môret cheese (a reference to the French riot police, the <a href="/wiki/Compagnies_R%C3%A9publicaines_de_S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9" title="Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité">Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité</a>).<a href="#cite_note-conne22928-259">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_and_counter-protest">Reactions and counter-protest</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Reactions and counter-protest">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:On_en_a_marre_(46235506661).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg/220px-On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg/330px-On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg/440px-On_en_a_marre_%2846235506661%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Riot police in Brussels in December 2018</figcaption></figure> In late November 2018, polls showed that the movement had widespread support in France (ranging from 73<a href="#cite_note-news2972-260">[260]</a> to 84 per cent).<a href="#cite_note-Walt-123">[123]</a> An opinion poll conducted after 1 December events found that 73 per cent of French people supported the gilets jaunes and that 85 per cent were opposed to the violence in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-guard0312-261">[261]</a> Truckers were targeted by protesters, and the industry made their displeasure with the situation known to the government in an open letter.<a href="#cite_note-OTRE-100">[100]</a> Two labor unions, <a href="/wiki/General_Confederation_of_Labour_(France)" title="General Confederation of Labour (France)">CGT</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Force" title="Workers' Force">FO</a> who had initially called on truckers to start striking on 9 December,<a href="#cite_note-lemo03873763-262">[262]</a> retracted their call on 7 December, after having consulted the government and their membership.<a href="#cite_note-lepa28837364-263">[263]</a> The recently named<a href="#cite_note-Casta-264">[264]</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(France)" title="Minister of the Interior (France)">Minister of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christophe_Castaner" title="Christophe Castaner">Christophe Castaner</a>, blamed Marine Le Pen, Macron's opponent in the <a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a>, and her <a href="/wiki/National_Rally_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rally (France)">Rassemblement National</a> party for the violence on 24 November 2018 after she had reportedly urged people to go to the Champs Élysées.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-151">[151]</a> Le Pen responded that letting people assemble on the <a href="/wiki/Champs_%C3%89lys%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Champs Élysées">Champs Élysées</a> was the government's responsibility and accused the Minister of the Interior of trying to increase the tension to discredit the movement.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-151">[151]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilets_Jaunes,_acte_XI_(46166441534).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg/220px-Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg/330px-Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg/440px-Gilets_Jaunes%2C_acte_XI_%2846166441534%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>French riot police in Paris, 26 January 2019</figcaption></figure> Although President Macron had been insisting that the fuel tax increases would go through as planned, on 4 December 2018 the government announced that the tax rises would be put on hold, with Prime Minister Édouard Philippe saying that "no tax deserves to endanger the unity of the nation".<a href="#cite_note-MacronBlinks-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-npr079897586-265">[265]</a> In early December 2018, the prime minister announced that the price of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_France" title="Électricité de France">Électricité de France</a> blue tariffs would not increase before March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-durand-51">[51]</a> On Sunday, 9 December, the Elysée called trade unions and employers' organizations to invite them to meet on Monday 10 December so Macron could "present the measures" he intended to announce later in the day.<a href="#cite_note-lepa111122334-266">[266]</a> On 10 December, Macron condemned the violence but acknowledged the protesters' anger as "deep, and in many ways legitimate".<a href="#cite_note-BBC10.12.2018-267">[267]</a> He subsequently promised a minimum wage increase of €100 per month from 2019, canceled a planned tax increase for low-income pensioners, and made overtime payments as well as end-of-year bonuses tax-free.<a href="#cite_note-BBC10.12.2018-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn1119198282-268">[268]</a> However, Macron refused to reinstate a wealth tax he scrapped upon entering into office.<a href="#cite_note-reut38735-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-lefi594874876-270">[270]</a> Amnesty International called on police to "end use of excessive force against protesters and high school children in France".<a href="#cite_note-AI-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-thel000958-271">[271]</a> Police, unlike other public sector employees, either saw their wages raised by €120–150 per month ($134-168) by an agreement signed on 20 December,<a href="#cite_note-police_raise-272">[272]</a> or received an annual €300 ($336) bonus by an amendment voted into law the previous day.<a href="#cite_note-fra22248967587-273">[273]</a> Nicolas Chapuis, writing for Le Monde, says this was likely due to 85% turnout in recent police union elections and the exceptional levels of activity.<a href="#cite_note-police_raise-272">[272]</a> In May 2019, Édouard Philippe changed his view on his main political decision for saving lives, allowing a 90 km/h (56 mph) speed limit, agreeing that the speed limit of local roads become managed at local level (<a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">département</a>) rather than decided by the Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Comparisons">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Gopnik" title="Adam Gopnik">Adam Gopnik</a> writes that gilets jaunes can be viewed as part of a series of French street protests stretching back to at least <a href="/wiki/1995_strikes_in_France" title="1995 strikes in France">the strikes of 1995</a>. Citing historian <a href="/wiki/Herrick_Chapman" title="Herrick Chapman">Herrick Chapman</a>, he suggests <a href="/wiki/General_de_Gaulle" class="mw-redirect" title="General de Gaulle">General de Gaulle</a>'s centralization of power when creating the <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">French Fifth Republic</a> was so excessive that it made street protests the only "dynamic alternative to government policy".<a href="#cite_note-Yorker0612-275">[275]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/220px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/330px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg/440px-2018-12-08_Gilets_jaunes_acte_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5467" data-file-height="3645" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes demonstration in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in December 2018</figcaption></figure> 1 December riots in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> were widely acknowledged to have been the most violent since <a href="/wiki/May_1968_events_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 events in France">May 1968</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Libé68-80">[80]</a> Paris-based journalist John Lichfield said that the 1968 events had a joyous side to them, largely absent from the yellow vest movement, but that both movements were similar in that they lacked recognized leaders, much as the <a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">banlieues riots of 2005</a> had.<a href="#cite_note-guard0312b-121">[121]</a> According to French scholar Béatrice Giblin, comparisons between the gilets jaunes and the <a href="/wiki/Bonnets_Rouges" title="Bonnets Rouges">Bonnets Rouges</a>—who opposed a new eco-tax in 2013—were inapt because the latter "had been taken in hand by real <a href="/wiki/Leaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders">leaders</a>, such as the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Carhaix" class="mw-redirect" title="Carhaix">Carhaix</a>, or the great bosses of Brittany" whereas that was not the case for the yellow jackets.<a href="#cite_note-francecult1411-276">[276]</a> Some have compared the yellow vests to other modern populist movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a> in the United States,<a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Five_Star_Movement" title="Five Star Movement">Five Star Movement</a> in Italy,<a href="#cite_note-grassroots-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rose-77">[77]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Orb%C3%A1n#Views_and_public_image" title="Viktor Orbán">Orbanism</a> in Hungary.<a href="#cite_note-Yorker0612-275">[275]</a> Others have drawn parallels to <a href="/wiki/Popular_revolts_in_late-medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe">popular revolts in late-medieval Europe</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Jacquerie" title="Jacquerie">Jacquerie</a>,<a href="#cite_note-polit29872873-278">[278]</a> to <a href="/wiki/Poujadism" class="mw-redirect" title="Poujadism">Poujadism</a>, to the <a href="/wiki/Sturmabteilung" title="Sturmabteilung">Brownshirts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-guard0312b-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-proj298973-279">[279]</a> and to the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FranchTV0612-280">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foulards_rouges_(red_scarves)">Foulards rouges (red scarves)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Foulards rouges (red scarves)">edit</a>]</div> On 27 January 2019 a counter-demonstration occurred in Paris by a group identifying themselves by the foulards rouges ("red scarves") they chose to wear. They put out a joint statement with other groups saying: "We denounce the insurrectional climate created by the yellow vests. We also reject the threats and constant verbal abuse (aimed at non-yellow vests)".<a href="#cite_note-bbc298287762-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-wash0998-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-euro090982972-283">[283]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concerns_about_extremist_elements_in_the_movement">Concerns about extremist elements in the movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Concerns about extremist elements in the movement">edit</a>]</div> Concerns that the yellow vests movement was providing a new forum for extremist views were more frequently reported in the media after <a href="/wiki/Alain_Finkielkraut" title="Alain Finkielkraut">Alain Finkielkraut</a> was insulted in week XIV. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Duclert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Duclert (page does not exist)">Vincent Duclert</a> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Duclert" class="extiw" title="fr:Vincent Duclert">fr</a>], an expert on anti-Semitism, said that while "the gilets jaunes are not an anti-Semitic movement, each Saturday there are anti-Semitic expressions by groups of the extreme right or extreme left." <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Camus" title="Jean-Yves Camus">Jean-Yves Camus</a>, an expert on French political extremism, identified an "inherent weakness of a movement that lets the people speak" as being that anyone (whether far left, far right, radical Islamist, or anti-Zionist) can say whatever they want in the street with little concern for propriety or legality.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Finkielkraut-284">[284]</a> Finkielkraut, interviewed by BFM-TV, was especially concerned with the viral nature of what he called a new type of "anti-racist" anti-Semitism, which he says consists of comparing the "Israeli colonization of Palestine" with Nazism. He named <a href="/wiki/Dieudonn%C3%A9_M%27bala_M%27bala" title="Dieudonné M'bala M'bala">Dieudonné</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alain_Soral" title="Alain Soral">Alain Soral</a> as those responsible for propagating this new form of anti-Semitism.<a href="#cite_note-BFM_Finkielkraut-285">[285]</a> According to a study conducted in February 2019, half of all yellow vest protesters (50%) said they believed in a "global Zionist conspiracy".<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gilets_noirs" title="Gilets noirs">Gilets noirs</a> movement arose partly in response to perceived racist, anti-immigrant, and pro-fascist sentiment among the Gilets jaunes.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_(second_phase)">Timeline (second phase)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Timeline (second phase)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_(afterwards)">France (afterwards)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: France (afterwards)">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020_2">2020</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: 2020">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="25_July">25 July</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: 25 July">edit</a>]</div> After the government change on Saturday 25 July 2020, several dozen people protested in Toulouse.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="12_September">12 September</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: 12 September">edit</a>]</div> For the first time after the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns">Coronavirus lockdown</a>, protesters returned to the streets; more than 250 protesters were arrested by the police. Some of the protesters wore black clothes and carried the flag of an anti-fascist movement, suggesting the presence of radical demonstrators dubbed "<a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">black blocs</a>" often blamed for violence at street marches in France.<a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="10–12_October">10–12 October</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: 10–12 October">edit</a>]</div> Yellow vests launched fireworks at a police station in Paris and struck the building with metal bars. No injuries occurred. This protest is suspected to be linked to the disapproval of French <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> issues. Delinquent youth also appeared in the group of around 40 people, some unrelated to the cause.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2020–2021">2020–2021</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: 2020–2021">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Anti-security_protests">Anti-security protests</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Anti-security protests">edit</a>]</div> Demonstrations (sometimes called "marches of freedom" or "marches of freedom and justice") gathered several thousand people (including yellow vests) in several French cities on the evening of 17 November, at the initiative of a union of journalists and human rights defense associations.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> Violence breaks out in Paris. Several employed journalists are handled by police officers, photographer Taranis News and French journalist 3 Paris Ile-de-France have been taken into police custody (receive a reminder of the law), provoking strong criticism from the audiovisual group and journalists' unions – who also see effects national law enforcement plan published two months ago.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a> Other demonstrations were being held on 21 November in about 20 cities.<a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> This is also the case on 28 November,<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a> this time in more than seventy cities.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Between 46,000 (Interior Ministry) and 200,000 people (organizers) demonstrated that day in Paris, between 133,000 and 500,000 in France.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> Syrian photojournalist Ameer Al Halbi was wounded in the face with a baton.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> The Reporter Without Borders filed a complaint for intentional violence by a person with public authority106. According to the Ministry of the Interior, several dozen police officers and gendarmes were wounded, and one of them, in Paris, was pushed to the ground and then severely beaten.<a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a> On 5 December, about 90 parades parade across France and gather, according to the Interior Ministry, about 50,000 people; clashes with police took place in Paris, Dijon, Nantes and Lyon, which, according to Gerald Darmanin, led to 95 arrests and resulted in 67 injuries among police, including 48 in Paris. In addition, the protester was severely wounded in the arm, probably by a GM2L bomb.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> The Paris demonstration on 12 December 2020, gathered 5,000 protesters against the police<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> and took place "without major incidents" against Le Monde113, but MPs, associations and unions during the demonstrations condemned "arbitrary arrests". Gerald Darmanin mentions 142 arrests and welcomes the position of the forces security that would enable the avoidance of violence.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a> Police have been in prison several times (32 times according to Mediapart<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a>) to arrest potentially violent people;<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a> but according to footage broadcast by Mediapart, these attacks occur "for no apparent reason".<a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Of the 142 arrested, 5 were convicted, including only two for acts of violence. On 22 December 2020, the State Council, seized by La Quadrature du Net, ruled that the monitoring of these demonstrations by the Paris police prefecture using drones was illegal.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a> Tens of thousands of protesters marched across France on 16 January 2021, to condemn a security law that critics say would restrict police filming and posting pictures on social media, especially to document cases of police brutality.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> A new rally against the protection of police officers was held on 30 January, with significantly fewer demonstrators than in November and December 2020. In the afternoon and evening, there were occasional incidents between the police and the demonstrators. Police used batons, tear gas and water cannons.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> The following Saturday, 6 February 2021, three protests took place in Bordeaux. Fabienne Buccio, the prefect, has issued a new prefecture decree banning all processions, parades and gatherings on the streets of the inner city. She is especially afraid that she will "join these declared demonstrations of individuals who are openly hostile to the police and who want to create disturbances in the public order in the city center."<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> Protests were also held in Nantes, Toulouse, Paris and Nancy, where occasional incidents took place at the end of the procession.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vaccination_obligation,_sanitary_pass">Vaccination obligation, sanitary pass</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Vaccination obligation, sanitary pass">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protests_over_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is missing information about mention of yellow vests.. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow_vests_protests" title="Talk:Yellow vests protests">talk page</a>. (May 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The announcement of president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Macron</a> on 12 July 2021 of a <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">COVID-19 vaccination</a> obligation for all health care workers by 15 September, as well as the obligation for people older than twelve to show a "<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card#France" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">sanitary pass</a>" as of August for admittance to cafés, restaurants, cinemas, hospitals,<a href="#cite_note-nrc,14jul-320">[320]</a> senior citizens' homes, trains,<a href="#cite_note-nrc,27jul-321">[321]</a> shopping malls,<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> and other public venues led to protests across France. The 'sanitary pass' should prove that someone is either vaccinated, has recently <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">tested negative</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nrc,14jul-320">[320]</a> or has recovered from <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nrc,11Aug-323">[323]</a> Macron's motivation was: "We are in a new race against time", "Vaccination is the only way to protect yourself and others".<a href="#cite_note-nrc,14jul-320">[320]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marine_Le_Pen" title="Marine Le Pen">Marine Le Pen</a>, challenger of Macron in the <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a>, immediately condemned the vaccination obligation as "indecent insolence" attesting to "ingratitude" towards the health care workers.<a href="#cite_note-nrc,14jul-320">[320]</a> On Wednesday 14 July, the French <a href="/wiki/National_day" title="National day">National day</a> called '<a href="/wiki/Bastille_Day" title="Bastille Day">Bastille Day</a>', in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> some 2,250 people protested against these new corona restrictions. Demonstrations were also held in Toulouse, Bordeaux, Montpellier, Nantes and 48 other places, totalling around 19,000 protesters. Slogans chanted: "Down with dictatorship", "Down with the health pass". A demonstrator equated the health pass with "segregation". Objects and fireworks were thrown at the police, who answered with tear gas and arrests.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a> On Saturday 17 July, nationwide some 114,000 people protested against the two new measures.<a href="#cite_note-nrc,1Aug-325">[325]</a> On 24 July, some 160,000 people around France protested against the measures. Protesters chanted: "Liberty! Liberty!" Projectiles including chairs were thrown at the police in Paris, who reacted with tear gas and water cannons.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> On 25 July, the <a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">French Senate</a> nevertheless agreed to the measures except the pass obligation for children under 18 years old.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a> On 31 July, over 200,000 people nationwide protested against these plans. Thousands around <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> chanted: "Liberté!" [Freedom!]. Signs accused Macron of being a dictator.<a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> A bus driver motivated his protest as: "I'm not an anti-vaxxer [...] But this is going to fast, I want to wait and see". A hospital worker said: "These <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">vaccines are experimental</a>; there's no way I'm gonna take it".<a href="#cite_note-nrc,1Aug-325">[325]</a> A placard in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> cited Macron: ' "Je ne rendrai pas la vaccination obligatoire", Emmanuel Macron, Novembre 2020 ' ["I will not make vaccination obligatory", Macron, Nov. 2020]. Another: ' De la démocratie à la dictature il n'y a qu'un <<PASS>> ' [From democracy to dictatorship is only one step [or] one pass].<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a> Another: 'VACCINÉ A LA LIBERTÉ' [VACCINATED FOR FREEDOM].<a href="#cite_note-nrc,10Aug-330">[330]</a> On Saturday 7 August, 237,000 people protested on 198 locations in France, the authorities reported. In Paris, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, rioters pelted the police with all sorts of things, police reacted with tear gas and charges and arrests.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> The sanitary pass obligation came into effect on 9 August, civilians risk a fine of 135 euros for disobedience, and business owners risk a 45,000 euro fine or one year in prison and the closure of their business.<a href="#cite_note-nrc,11Aug-323">[323]</a> On 14 August 2021, between 200,000 and 250,000 people according to the police and the organizers have again demonstrated, in more than 200 locations in France, against the pass sanitaire and the obligated vaccination of health care personnel. Placards compared the sanitary pass with '<a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>', and people chanted slogans about the "health dictatorship". Police in Lyon used pepper spray against rioters.<a href="#cite_note-332">[332]</a> Thousands of people demonstrated again on the streets of France on Saturday, 21 August, against the government's policy of vaccination against Covid-19 amid concerns from human rights groups over the anti-Semitic mood in the protest movement.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> More than 141,000 people marched the following Saturday, 4 September, against the health pass this weekend, which is another drop in the number of the eighth consecutive Saturday of protests. There were 215 marches across France, five of them in Paris, attracting 18,000 people to the capital, according to the Interior Ministry. The total number of people – 141,655 – is down from last weekend, when nearly 160,000 people came out across the country/<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-335">[335]</a> More than 120,000 people demonstrated on Saturday, 11 September, in France, according to official data, in protest against health passes.<a href="#cite_note-Jackson-335">[335]</a> Since then, these protests grew smaller; on Saturday, 18 September 2021, the demonstrators in France against the sanitary pass and obligated vaccination counted 80,000.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a> About 20,000 people gathered on 16 October across France for the same reasons. There were occasional clashes between police and protesters in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> About 800 people paraded on Saturday, 23 October in Nantes in the afternoon.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies">Social unrest in the French West Indies</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Social unrest in the French West Indies">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is missing information about mention of yellow vests.. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow_vests_protests" title="Talk:Yellow vests protests">talk page</a>. (May 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The <a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">2021–2022 French West Indies unrest</a> is a social conflict that has been taking place since November 17, 2021, in the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a>, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>. Unrest has also been reported in other <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas Territories</a> like <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Following the French government's decision to introduce compulsory vaccination for health care workers and the health pass in several public places, acts of vandalism, a general strike, and demonstrations began, first in Guadeloupe and then in Martinique.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="France_convoy_protest">France convoy protest</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: France convoy protest">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/France_convoy_protest" title="France convoy protest">France convoy protest</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is missing information about mention of yellow vests.. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow_vests_protests" title="Talk:Yellow vests protests">talk page</a>. (May 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> The French convoy protest le Convoi de la Liberté ("the liberty convoy") is an ongoing protest in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_convoy_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian convoy protests">Canadian convoy protests</a>. They are protesting COVID-19 restrictions as well as president <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a><a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a><a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> Officials in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> banned protests relating to the Freedom Convoy, following information from organizers of a similar event opposed to <a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">France's Health Pass</a> that five convoys from across <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> are due to reach Paris between February 11 and 14.<a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a><a href="#cite_note-346">[346]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2022_French_presidential_election_protests">2022 French presidential election protests</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: 2022 French presidential election protests">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 French presidential election</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section is missing information about mention of yellow vests.. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Yellow_vests_protests" title="Talk:Yellow vests protests">talk page</a>. (May 2022)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> On April 16, after Macron's victory in the first round of presidential voting, left-wing demonstrators clashed with police. French security forces fired tear gas as the anti-right-wing demonstrators marched, before allowing the protests to resume.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> On April 24, after Macron's victory in the second round of presidential voting, protests broke out in many departments. In the area of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2telet_(Paris_M%C3%A9tro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Châtelet (Paris Métro)">Chatelet</a>, riot police charged and sprayed tear gas on demonstrators. Students protested outside of the <a href="/wiki/Sorbonne_(building)" title="Sorbonne (building)">Sorbonne</a>, expressing their disillusionment with the lack of choice in second-round voting.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg/300px-17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg/450px-17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg/600px-17_04_2023_Narbonne_Occitanie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Gilets jaunes in a protest in <a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries_or_regions">Other countries or regions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Other countries or regions">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg/170px-Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg/255px-Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg/340px-Drapeaux_de_la_France_libre_%C3%A0_Londre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes protest in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:YellowVestsLocations.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/YellowVestsLocations.svg/220px-YellowVestsLocations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/YellowVestsLocations.svg/330px-YellowVestsLocations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/YellowVestsLocations.svg/440px-YellowVestsLocations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption>Locations of yellow vests protests</figcaption></figure> The largest "yellow vest" protest outside France was held in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> with over 10,000 demonstrating on 19 December. Their principal concern was tax justice.<a href="#cite_note-Everington-349">[349]</a><a href="#cite_note-udn092090982-350">[350]</a> Some protests in other countries are related to the central concerns of the French movement (taxation, high-living costs, representation, and income disparity). Others are related primarily by the use of the readily-available symbol. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Belgium">Belgium</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Belgium">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_(Pelle_De_Brabander).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg/220px-2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg/330px-2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg/440px-2018-12-08_Gele_hesjes_%28Pelle_De_Brabander%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A gilets jaunes protest in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, Belgium</figcaption></figure> Riot police in Brussels were pelted with <a href="/wiki/Billiard_ball" title="Billiard ball">billiard balls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobblestones</a>, and rocks on 30 November, and responded with water cannons; 60 arrests were made for disturbing the public order.<a href="#cite_note-merc23282762652-351">[351]</a> Several oil depots had been blocked in <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a> as of 16 November 2018, though protesters' attempts to block the Russian <a href="/wiki/Lukoil" title="Lukoil">Lukoil</a> depot in Brussels were quickly thwarted by police.<a href="#cite_note-Monde_Wallonie-2">[2]</a> Some members of the movement began working to form a party for the <a href="/wiki/2019_Belgian_federal_election" title="2019 Belgian federal election">Belgian federal elections in 2019</a> under the name Mouvement citoyen belge.<a href="#cite_note-Monde_Wallonie-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-leso1129872872-352">[352]</a> On 8 December, when protesters calling for the resignation of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Charles_Michel" title="Charles Michel">Charles Michel</a> tried to breach a riot barricade, police used tear gas and water cannons to disperse the demonstrators. The protesters involved were throwing stones, flares and other objects at police, resulting in around 100 arrests.<a href="#cite_note-BelfastT8th-353">[353]</a> As of 12 January, three people had died during gilets jaunes protests in Belgium: two drivers were killed in mid-December by sudden traffic queues caused by roadblocks and one protester was fatally hit by a truck when his group tried to block the <a href="/wiki/European_route_E25" title="European route E25">E25</a> highway between <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maastricht" title="Maastricht">Maastricht</a> on 11 January.<a href="#cite_note-SudinfoBelga-354">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Canada">Canada</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Canada">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yellow_vests_movement_(Canada)" title="Yellow vests movement (Canada)">Yellow vests movement (Canada)</a></div> Starting in late 2018 after the France protests, the Canadian Yellow Vests groups began to gain popularity. The Canadian group incorporates a <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobic</a> message,<a href="#cite_note-Canadaland20190128-355">[355]</a> is against the federal <a href="/wiki/Carbon_pricing_in_Canada" title="Carbon pricing in Canada">Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act</a>, and is <a href="/wiki/Pipelines_in_Canada" title="Pipelines in Canada">pro-petrochemical-pipeline</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Vice20190508-356">[356]</a><a href="#cite_note-HamiltonSpec20190106-357">[357]</a> Beginning in late December 2018, various yellow-vest-wearing protest movements have been seen across the country. This protest movement, known as Yellow Vests Canada, does not follow the same goals as the French movement.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a> Protests have had occasional outbreaks of violence.<a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> Groups of various protesters wearing yellow vests have taken place in at least a 30 cities and towns across Canada as of January 2019. An early yellow vest protest, which included "hundreds of vehicles", was held in <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Hat" title="Medicine Hat">Medicine Hat, Alberta</a>,<a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> organized by <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Lich" title="Tamara Lich">Tamara Lich</a>,<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> who was later arrested for alleged mischief pertaining to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">convoy protest</a> in Ottawa.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a> A controversial event in February 2019 known as the "United We Roll" truck convoy attracted several Yellow Vest participants to the grounds of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Hill" title="Parliament Hill">Parliament Hill</a> in Ottawa.<a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a> Prominent political officials such as federal <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Scheer" title="Andrew Scheer">Andrew Scheer</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Canada" title="People's Party of Canada">People's Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Bernier" title="Maxime Bernier">Maxime Bernier</a> addressed the crowd.<a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> Scheer and Bernier drew criticism<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-366">[366]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-367">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> for appearing at the United We Roll event when it was revealed that alt-right personality <a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a>, formerly of controversial Internet outlet <a href="/wiki/The_Rebel_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="The Rebel Media">Rebel Media</a>, was also in attendance<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> and made a presentation to the participants, several of whom carried signs and chanted slogans accusing <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> of "treason"<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a> and demanding that Canada withdraw from the non-binding <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Global_Compact_for_Migration" title="Global Compact for Migration">Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration</a> (GCM).<a href="#cite_note-:0-366">[366]</a> Conservative Senator <a href="/wiki/David_Tkachuk" title="David Tkachuk">David Tkachuk</a> was also at the rally and was criticized for his remarks calling upon truck drivers to "roll over every Liberal left in the country".<a href="#cite_note-:2-371">[371]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> Minister of Natural Resources <a href="/wiki/Amarjeet_Sohi" title="Amarjeet Sohi">Amarjeet Sohi</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">NDP</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Cullen" title="Nathan Cullen">Nathan Cullen</a> were among the members of Parliament who expressed concern that the presence of mainstream political leaders at the rally was lending legitimacy to the movement.<a href="#cite_note-:2-371">[371]</a> Anti-racism activist Evan Balgord, director of the Canadian Anti-Hate Network, condemned Scheer for his support of an organization whose members have repeatedly promulgated conspiracy theories and made death threats against Muslims, immigrants, members of Parliament, and Prime Minister Trudeau.<a href="#cite_note-:0-366">[366]</a> A spokesperson for Scheer denied that the Conservative leader intended to lend support to racist and/or violent groups, telling columnist Martin Patriquin that "We can't control who shows up to these events."<a href="#cite_note-:1-367">[367]</a> On 15 June 2019, a number of Yellow Vests Canada protesters joined groups protesting <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> individuals at a <a href="/wiki/Pride_parade" title="Pride parade">Pride Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CBC20190615-372">[372]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBC20190622-373">[373]</a> and several people were injured.<a href="#cite_note-CBC20190620-374">[374]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Anti-Hate_Network" title="Canadian Anti-Hate Network">Canadian Anti-Hate Network</a> (CAHN), there is a direct link between the Yellow vests protesters in Canada and 2022 <a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada convoy protests">Canada convoy protests</a>, also known as the Freedom Convoy 2022.<a href="#cite_note-CAHN_20220127-375">[375]</a> Associates of the Yellow vest protests in Canada also organized the much smaller 2019 convoy "United We Roll" (UWR) convoy.<a href="#cite_note-CAHN_20220127-375">[375]</a> Starting in 2018, <a href="/wiki/Tamara_Lich" title="Tamara Lich">Tamara Lich</a>, attended Yellow vests events and promoted the movement as early as 2018, before becoming one of its organizers. Lich was the Freedom Convoy's main fundraiser and organizer.<a href="#cite_note-CAHN_20220127-375">[375]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pat_King_(activist)" title="Pat King (activist)">Pat King</a>, who was another Freedom Convoy organizer, was also active in the Yellow vest protests, the Wexit separation movement, and United We Roll.<a href="#cite_note-CAHN_20220127-375">[375]</a> CAHN said that Yellow vest Facebook groups posts contained "calls for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's arrest and execution" which was also a major theme of the Canada convoy protests.<a href="#cite_note-CAHN_20220127-375">[375]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rest_of_the_world">Rest of the world</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Rest of the world">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Australia: Australian Liberty Alliance, a minor far-right political party, rebranded itself as <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Vest_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Yellow Vest Australia">Yellow Vest Australia</a> on 9 April.<a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a></li> <li>Bulgaria: Anti-government protesters in Bulgaria began wearing high-visibility vests from 16 November.<a href="#cite_note-lci.fr-3">[3]</a></li> <li>Croatia: On 15 December 2018, "Yellow Vests Croatia" (Žuti prsluci Hrvatske) held demonstrations in <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ban_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87_Square" title="Ban Jelačić Square">Ban Jelačić Square</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Croatia-5">[5]</a> They highlighted the "fight against corruption, the reform of the judiciary and the adoption of a new enforcement law and the law on the origin of property" as goals.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a></li> <li>Egypt: In December 2018, a temporary one-month restriction on the sale of yellow reflective vests was introduced in an attempt to prevent the incidence of protests closely mimicking the then-ongoing yellow vest protests in France.<a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a><a href="#cite_note-jpos22009384-379">[379]</a><a href="#cite_note-seat22989282-380">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-theg22009092982-381">[381]</a></li> <li>Finland: Anti-immigration protesters, who had begun demonstrations before the rise of the yellow vests movement, have adopted the yellow vest symbol, beginning with a demonstration on 17 December.<a href="#cite_note-talouselämää-yellow-vests-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Germany: The yellow vests symbol was used both by the left and right-wing groups, including <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aufstehen" title="Aufstehen">Aufstehen</a>, who demonstrated at the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lemo9968986985-382">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPON-1243957-383">[383]</a></li> <li>Iraq: On 5 December 2018, yellow-vest-inspired <a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932018_Iraqi_protests" title="2015–2018 Iraqi protests">protesters</a> demonstrated in <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, Iraq, for more job opportunities and better services. They were reportedly fired upon with live ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-NBCiraq-9">[9]</a></li> <li>Ireland: Initially, at least three rival groups claimed the "Yellow Vest" name in Ireland, and varied from general opposition to the government to far-right/alt-right and xenophobic views.<a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-384">[384]</a> In December 2018, hundreds attended yellow vests protests in the centre of Dublin against 'the perceived failures of the Government',<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-risex33983983-386">[386]</a> and also the use of fluoride in the public water supply.<a href="#cite_note-Fitzgerald-384">[384]</a> In January 2019 minor protests were held in Dublin, Belfast,<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a> Galway, Limerick, Wicklow, Waterford and Donegal.<a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a> On 16 November and 14 December 2019, and on 12 September 2020, Yellow Vest Ireland participated in demonstrations in Dublin outside the Dáil, in opposition to proposed anti-hate speech legislation and COVID lockdowns.<a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> By mid-to-late 2020, the group was protesting against COVID-19 prevention measures taken by the Irish government.</li> <li>Israel: Economic uncertainty and corruption led to a yellow vest rally at the <a href="/wiki/Azrieli_Center" title="Azrieli Center">Azrieli Centre Mall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> on 14 December.<a href="#cite_note-JPost-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Italy: The yellow vests symbol has been used by multiple protest groups in Italy. In November 2018, a pro-Italian government, anti-EU protest group launched a Facebook page with thousands of online supporters, stating it was "inspired by the French gilet jaunes".<a href="#cite_note-guard3uh-390">[390]</a> On 15 December, several thousand people wearing yellow vests marched in Rome to protest against Italy's "tough new anti-migrant law".<a href="#cite_note-Italy-12">[12]</a> In January 2019, the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Conte_I_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Conte I Cabinet">Italy's ruling government coalition</a> announced their support for the gilet jaunes protests in France. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">AFP</a> reported that it is "extremely rare for European leaders to back anti-government protesters in a fellow member state".<a href="#cite_note-loca0098408598-391">[391]</a></li> <li>Latvia: Foundation "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/TautasVarasFronte">Tautas varas fronte</a> " ("Front of the people power"). On 20 January leaders of this foundation started the campaign of yellow vests, protesting against oil prices.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Libya: During the <a href="/wiki/2019_Western_Libya_offensive#Street_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Western Libya offensive">2019 Western Libya Offensive</a>, during which the capital city Tripoli was militarily attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_National_Army" title="Libyan National Army">Libyan National Army</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Khalifa_Haftar" title="Khalifa Haftar">Khalifa Haftar</a>, regular Friday street demonstrations against Haftar in <a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misrata" title="Misrata">Misrata</a>, included (on 19 April and 3 May 2019) protestors wearing yellow vests to symbolise their opposition to perceived French support for Haftar's attack on Tripoli.<a href="#cite_note-AJE_2000_MSquare_190419-392">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-AFP_yellowvests_190419-393">[393]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tripolidemo_190503-394">[394]</a></li> <li>Netherlands: On 1 December, a small number of yellow vest demonstrators protested in Dutch cities. Further demonstrations occurred on 8 December, where peaceful protesters marched through <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Netherlands-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-BelfastT8th-353">[353]</a></li> <li>Nigeria: A yellow vest protester was seen in a protest demanding the release of <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Zakzaky" title="Ibrahim Zakzaky">Ibrahim Zakzaky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-youtube.com-17">[17]</a></li> <li>Pakistan: Hundreds of engineers staged a day long protest at <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> wearing yellow vests.<a href="#cite_note-PAGE-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-then8787666-395">[395]</a></li> <li>Poland: On 12 December, a group of farmers blocked the <a href="/wiki/A2_autostrada_(Poland)" title="A2 autostrada (Poland)">A2 motorway</a> 30 kilometers outside of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, demanding compensation for pigs they were required to slaughter, and protesting the importation of Ukrainian agricultural products unlabeled with respect to their country of origin. The agricultural minister Jan Krzysztof Ardanowski met with the protesters to explain that their demands were met already.<a href="#cite_note-nyt8787848744-396">[396]</a></li> <li>Portugal: On 21 December 2018, a coletes amarelos (yellow vest) rally was held under the slogan Vamos Parar Portugal ("Let's Bring Portugal to a Halt").<a href="#cite_note-Portugal-19">[19]</a> At the time the government enjoyed 70% support among the Portuguese public,<a href="#cite_note-Portugal-19">[19]</a> and less than one hundred demonstrators showed up for the rally, for which authorities had 20 thousand uniformed police officers prepared for.<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a></li> <li>Russia: On 23 December 2018, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Blue_Buckets" title="Society of Blue Buckets">Blue Bucket</a> demonstrators at <a href="/wiki/Sokolniki_Park" title="Sokolniki Park">Sokolniki Park</a> wore yellow vests at a rally against parking fee increases in Moscow.<a href="#cite_note-Russia-20">[20]</a> Yellow vests are also common in protests in the <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkhangelsk region">Arkhangelsk region</a> against a plan to build landfill in <a href="/wiki/Shiyes_railway_station" title="Shiyes railway station">Shiyes</a>, which is the smallest station and a village in the region.<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a></li> <li>Serbia: A civil rights organization Združena akcija Krov nad glavom started using yellow vests in its protests to oppose the eviction of a resident in the Mirijevo district of <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and to show solidarity and common cause with French Yellow vest movement.<a href="#cite_note-Neda_Kurjački-21">[21]</a> Parallel to that, on 4 December, <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1ko_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Boško Obradović">Boško Obradović</a>, the leader of the far-right <a href="/wiki/Dveri" title="Dveri">Dveri</a> party, called for demonstrations about high fuel prices in Serbia on 8 December.<a href="#cite_note-lepa3084500000010-399">[399]</a></li> <li>Spain: During the taxi driver strike of January in Madrid and Barcelona, many protesters used yellow vests.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Taiwan: The Tax and Legal Reform League, demonstrating for tax justice since December 2016,<a href="#cite_note-Maxon-400">[400]</a> organized a yellow vests march on 19 December.<a href="#cite_note-Everington-349">[349]</a></li> <li>Tunisia: A derivative group, the gilets rouges ("red vests"), emerged on Facebook, calling for protests against the economic situation in the country.<a href="#cite_note-inde0090967-26">[26]</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: Pro-Brexit groups involved in small-scale protests in London and other UK cities have worn yellow vests.<a href="#cite_note-metro1112-401">[401]</a></li> <li>United States: In Vermont, a group called "No Carbon Tax Vermont" held a rally at the Vermont Statehouse on 9 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Goswami-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gribkoff-403">[403]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Notable members">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Chouard" title="Étienne Chouard">Étienne Chouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%C3%ABtitia_Dewalle" title="Laëtitia Dewalle">Laëtitia Dewalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscillia_Ludosky" title="Priscillia Ludosky">Priscillia Ludosky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_protests" title="2022 French protests">2022 French protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Sicilian_protests" title="2012 Sicilian protests">2012 Sicilian protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Italian_social_protests" title="2013 Italian social protests">2013 Italian Pitchfork social protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnets_Rouges" title="Bonnets Rouges">Bonnets Rouges</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Spain" title="Anti-austerity movement in Spain">Indignados</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_acts_of_tax_resistance" title="List of historical acts of tax resistance">List of historical acts of tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuit_debout" title="Nuit debout">Nuit debout</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Emmanuel_Macron" title="Protests against Emmanuel Macron">Protests against Emmanuel Macron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_yellow_vests_movement" title="Women in the yellow vests movement">Women in the yellow vests movement</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cour1-1"><a href="#cite_ref-cour1_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a 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Retrieved 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Yellow+Vest+protest+reach+Israel%2C+rage+against+high+living+cost+mounts&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.au=Hagay+Hacohen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FYellow-Vest-protest-reach-Israel-rage-against-high-living-cost-mounts-574274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iri11-11"><a href="#cite_ref-iri11_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/dozens-gather-in-dublin-for-yellow-vests-protest-1.3732924">"Dozens gather in Dublin for 'yellow vests' protest"</a>. Irish Times. 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215232448/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/dozens-gather-in-dublin-for-yellow-vests-protest-1.3732924">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Dozens+gather+in+Dublin+for+%27yellow+vests%27+protest&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fireland%2Firish-news%2Fdozens-gather-in-dublin-for-yellow-vests-protest-1.3732924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Italy-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Italy_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Italy_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/16/IN-PICTURES-Protesters-march-against-Italy-s-tough-new-anti-migrant-law.html">"In Pictures: Protesters march against Italy's tough new anti-migrant law"</a>. AFP via El Arabiya. 16 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108045742/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/16/IN-PICTURES-Protesters-march-against-Italy-s-tough-new-anti-migrant-law.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019. <q>Several thousand people marched in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> Saturday in protest at Italy's tough new anti-migrant law, which makes it easier to expel new arrivals. The protesters waved flags and donned yellow vests emblazoned with the slogan 'Get up! Stand Up! for your right' in a reference to the famous Bob Marley song. The new law would 'only increase the number of people without papers in Italy and force people underground', protester Kone Brahima, originally from Ivory Coast, told AFP.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AFP+via+El+Arabiya&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+Protesters+march+against+Italy%27s+tough+new+anti-migrant+law&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fworld%2F2018%2F12%2F16%2FIN-PICTURES-Protesters-march-against-Italy-s-tough-new-anti-migrant-law.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor_Luck2018" class="citation news cs1">Taylor Luck (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordanian-protesters-don-yellow-vests-as-demonstrations-spread-1.802525">"Jordanian protesters don yellow vests as demonstrations spread"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215022113/https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/jordanian-protesters-don-yellow-vests-as-demonstrations-spread-1.802525">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Jordanian+protesters+don+yellow+vests+as+demonstrations+spread&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.au=Taylor+Luck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenational.ae%2Fworld%2Fmena%2Fjordanian-protesters-don-yellow-vests-as-demonstrations-spread-1.802525&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc11-14"><a href="#cite_ref-abc11_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_El_Deeb2018" class="citation news cs1">Sarah El Deeb (23 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175342/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanese-yellow-vests-protest-political-gridlock-59983821">"Lebanese, some in yellow vests, protest political gridlock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/lebanese-yellow-vests-protest-political-gridlock-59983821">the original</a> on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Lebanese%2C+some+in+yellow+vests%2C+protest+political+gridlock&rft.date=2018-12-23&rft.au=Sarah+El+Deeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Flebanese-yellow-vests-protest-political-gridlock-59983821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20190420/libyan-yellow-vests-slam-france-and-macron-for-backing-tripoli-assault">"Libyan 'yellow vests' accuse France and Macron of backing Tripoli assault"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Local" title="The Local">The Local</a>. 20 April 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Libyan+%27yellow+vests%27+accuse+France+and+Macron+of+backing+Tripoli+assault&rft.date=2019-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20190420%2Flibyan-yellow-vests-slam-france-and-macron-for-backing-tripoli-assault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Netherlands-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Netherlands_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Netherlands_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanene_Pieters2018" class="citation news cs1">Janene Pieters (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nltimes.nl/2018/12/10/limited-turnout-yellow-vests-protests-netherlands-three-arrests">"Limited turnout for 'yellow vests' protests in Netherlands; only three arrests"</a>. NLtimes.nl. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NLtimes.nl&rft.atitle=Limited+turnout+for+%27yellow+vests%27+protests+in+Netherlands%3B+only+three+arrests&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.au=Janene+Pieters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnltimes.nl%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2Flimited-turnout-yellow-vests-protests-netherlands-three-arrests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube.com-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-youtube.com_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdBk8p-3kks&t=24s">"El-Zakzaky: IMN Shiites protest in Lagos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. CoreTV News. 22 July 2019. 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Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pakistan+Today&rft.atitle=Govt-employed+engineers+block+The+Mall&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistantoday.com.pk%2F2018%2F12%2F19%2Fgovt-employed-engineers-block-the-mall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Portugal-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Portugal_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Portugal_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Portugal_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/12/21/portugal-s-yellow-vests-turn-out-for-anti-government-protests">"Portugal's 'yellow vests' turn out for anti-government protest"</a>. Euronews. 21 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224220056/https://www.euronews.com/2018/12/21/portugal-s-yellow-vests-turn-out-for-anti-government-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=Portugal%27s+%27yellow+vests%27+turn+out+for+anti-government+protest&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2018%2F12%2F21%2Fportugal-s-yellow-vests-turn-out-for-anti-government-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russia-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russia_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChernykhBuranov2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chernykh, Alexander; Buranov, Ivan (23 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3841530"><bdi lang="ru">"Желтые жилеты" дошли до Сокольников</bdi></a> ['Yellow Vests' reach Sokolniki"]. <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053402/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3841530">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kommersant&rft.atitle=%22%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B%22+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2018-12-23&rft.aulast=Chernykh&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.au=Buranov%2C+Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F3841530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neda_Kurjački-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neda_Kurjački_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neda_Kurjački_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeda_Kurjački2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Neda Kurjački (6 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rs.n1info.com/Vesti/a441746/Zuti-prsluci-na-sprecavanju-iseljenje-u-Mirijevu.html">"Sprečeno prinudno iseljenje u Mirijevu, među aktivistima "žuti prsluci""</a>. N1info (in Serbian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215171337/http://rs.n1info.com/Vesti/a441746/Zuti-prsluci-na-sprecavanju-iseljenje-u-Mirijevu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018. <q>translated title: A forced eviction in Mirievo stopped by the "yellow vest" activists</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=N1info&rft.atitle=Spre%C4%8Deno+prinudno+iseljenje+u+Mirijevu%2C+me%C4%91u+aktivistima+%22%C5%BEuti+prsluci%22&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.au=Neda+Kurja%C4%8Dki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frs.n1info.com%2FVesti%2Fa441746%2FZuti-prsluci-na-sprecavanju-iseljenje-u-Mirijevu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obciansky_tribunal-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Obciansky_tribunal_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JfztKCcpo0">"Občiansky Tribunál – DOBYVATEĽKA [OFFICIAL CLIP]"</a> [Civil Tribunal – CONQUEROR [OFFICIAL CLIP]]. <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> (in Slovak). 13 April 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Ob%C4%8Diansky+Tribun%C3%A1l+%E2%80%93+DOBYVATE%C4%BDKA+%5BOFFICIAL+CLIP%5D&rft.date=2019-04-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D5JfztKCcpo0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bah11-23"><a href="#cite_ref-bah11_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/europe/2018/12/17/french-yellow-vests-spark-copycat-protests-worldwide">"French 'yellow vests' spark copycat protests worldwide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Sabah" title="Daily Sabah">Daily Sabah</a>. 17 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115234349/https://www.dailysabah.com/europe/2018/12/17/french-yellow-vests-spark-copycat-protests-worldwide">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=French+%27yellow+vests%27+spark+copycat+protests+worldwide&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Feurope%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2Ffrench-yellow-vests-spark-copycat-protests-worldwide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscan-24"><a href="#cite_ref-Oscan_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOscanAsiranAltuntas2019" class="citation news cs1">Oscan, Yusuf; Asiran, Abdullah; Altuntas, Atila (2 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/yellow-vests-continue-protests-across-europe/1382047">"Yellow Vests continue protests across Europe"</a>. Andalou Agency. Retrieved 22 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Andalou+Agency&rft.atitle=Yellow+Vests+continue+protests+across+Europe&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft.aulast=Oscan&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rft.au=Asiran%2C+Abdullah&rft.au=Altuntas%2C+Atila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Feurope%2Fyellow-vests-continue-protests-across-europe%2F1382047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn11-25"><a href="#cite_ref-cnn11_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCheung" class="citation news cs1">Cheung, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/21/asia/taiwan-yellow-vest-protest-intl/">"'Yellow vest' protest movement spreads to Taiwan"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221133502/https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/21/asia/taiwan-yellow-vest-protest-intl/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=%27Yellow+vest%27+protest+movement+spreads+to+Taiwan&rft.aulast=Cheung&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F12%2F21%2Fasia%2Ftaiwan-yellow-vest-protest-intl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inde0090967-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inde0090967_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inde0090967_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrew2018" class="citation news cs1">Trew, Bel (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-yellow-vest-sales-paris-protests-tunisia-red-vest-gilets-jaunes-riots-rallies-opposition-a8677771.html">"Egypt clamps down on yellow vest sales to avoid copycat protests as angry Tunisian activists launch 'red vest' campaign"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212014410/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/egypt-yellow-vest-sales-paris-protests-tunisia-red-vest-gilets-jaunes-riots-rallies-opposition-a8677771.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Egypt+clamps+down+on+yellow+vest+sales+to+avoid+copycat+protests+as+angry+Tunisian+activists+launch+%27red+vest%27+campaign&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Trew&rft.aufirst=Bel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fegypt-yellow-vest-sales-paris-protests-tunisia-red-vest-gilets-jaunes-riots-rallies-opposition-a8677771.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-alar11-27"><a href="#cite_ref-alar11_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/17/-Yellow-vests-reach-Turkey-as-thousands-protest-cost-of-living.html">"'Yellow vests' reach Turkey as thousands protest cost of living"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Arabiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Arabiya">Al-Arabiya</a>. 17 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133746/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2018/12/17/-Yellow-vests-reach-Turkey-as-thousands-protest-cost-of-living.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 10 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Arabiya&rft.atitle=%27Yellow+vests%27+reach+Turkey+as+thousands+protest+cost+of+living&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fworld%2F2018%2F12%2F17%2F-Yellow-vests-reach-Turkey-as-thousands-protest-cost-of-living.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-busybees-28"><a href="#cite_ref-busybees_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-46559203/yellow-vests-is-the-symbol-spreading-across-europe">"Are the Yellow Vests Spreading beyond France?"</a>. BBC. 14 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214134807/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-46559203/yellow-vests-is-the-symbol-spreading-across-europe">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Are+the+Yellow+Vests+Spreading+beyond+France%3F&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-europe-46559203%2Fyellow-vests-is-the-symbol-spreading-across-europe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatamoros2018" class="citation web cs1">Matamoros, Cristina Abellan (16 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/11/16/what-s-all-the-fuss-about-the-french-fuel-tax-hikes-euronews-answers">"What are the gilets jaunes so upset about?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. Retrieved 8 August 2019. <q>A rise in crude oil prices in 2018 is the first reason why fuel prices have been high this year. [...] this increase has been strongly felt by motorists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews&rft.atitle=What+are+the+gilets+jaunes+so+upset+about%3F&rft.date=2018-11-16&rft.aulast=Matamoros&rft.aufirst=Cristina+Abellan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2018%2F11%2F16%2Fwhat-s-all-the-fuss-about-the-french-fuel-tax-hikes-euronews-answers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-local3010-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-local3010_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-local3010_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181030/french-drivers-plan-road-blocks-to-protest-fuel-prices-but-are-they-right-to">"Furious French drivers to block roads in fuel price protest, but are they right to?"</a>. The Local. 30 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202202701/https://www.thelocal.fr/20181030/french-drivers-plan-road-blocks-to-protest-fuel-prices-but-are-they-right-to">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Furious+French+drivers+to+block+roads+in+fuel+price+protest%2C+but+are+they+right+to%3F&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20181030%2Ffrench-drivers-plan-road-blocks-to-protest-fuel-prices-but-are-they-right-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-radar-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-radar_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-radar_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean-Gabriel_Bontinckles_éditions_départementales2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jean-Gabriel Bontinck; les éditions départementales (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php">"Les radars, cibles privilégiées des Gilets jaunes"</a> [Radars, privileged targets of yellow vests]. Le Parisien (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204142027/http://www.leparisien.fr/info-paris-ile-de-france-oise/transports/les-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Les+radars%2C+cibles+privil%C3%A9gi%C3%A9es+des+Gilets+jaunes&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.au=Jean-Gabriel+Bontinck&rft.au=les+%C3%A9ditions+d%C3%A9partementales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Finfo-paris-ile-de-france-oise%2Ftransports%2Fles-radars-cibles-privilegiees-des-gilets-jaunes-03-12-2018-7960116.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spire-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spire_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spire_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpire2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Spire, Alexis (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371">"Aux sources de la colère contre l'impôt"</a> [The sources of the anger against the tax]. Le Monde Diplomatique (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201182641/https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2018/12/SPIRE/59371">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+Diplomatique&rft.atitle=Aux+sources+de+la+col%C3%A8re+contre+l%27imp%C3%B4t&rft.date=2018-12&rft.aulast=Spire&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-diplomatique.fr%2F2018%2F12%2FSPIRE%2F59371&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo11-33"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo11_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemarié2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lemarié, Alexandre (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html">"Les 'gilets jaunes' ciblent la suppression de l'ISF, 'péché originel' de Macron"</a> [The 'yellow vests' target the removal of the ISF, 'original sin' of Macron]. <a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205074916/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/04/les-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Les+%27gilets+jaunes%27+ciblent+la+suppression+de+l%27ISF%2C+%27p%C3%A9ch%C3%A9+originel%27+de+Macron&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.aulast=Lemari%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Alexandre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F04%2Fles-gilets-jaunes-ciblent-la-suppression-de-l-isf-peche-originel-de-macron_5392241_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCayla2021" class="citation book cs1">Cayla, David (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Populism-and-Neoliberalism/Cayla/p/book/9780367427702">Populism and Neoliberalism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 10, 41–42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0367427702" title="Special:BookSources/978-0367427702"><bdi>978-0367427702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Populism+and+Neoliberalism&rft.pages=10%2C+41-42&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0367427702&rft.aulast=Cayla&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FPopulism-and-Neoliberalism%2FCayla%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780367427702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallisonManfredi2019" class="citation book cs1">Callison, William; Manfredi, Zachary, eds. 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Bloomberg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204174701/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-04/french-govt-to-suspend-fuel-tax-to-end-yellow-vests-protest">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=Macron+Blinks+as+Yellow-Vests+Protest+Forces+Fuel-Tax+Climbdown&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.au=Gregory+Viscusi&rft.au=Helene+Fouquet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-12-04%2Ffrench-govt-to-suspend-fuel-tax-to-end-yellow-vests-protest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42_Directives-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-42_Directives_37-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilets_Jaunes2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gilets Jaunes (29 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/394450377/Les-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes">"Les revendication des gilets jaunes"</a> (in French). France Bleu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212055005/https://www.scribd.com/document/394450377/Les-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+revendication+des+gilets+jaunes&rft.pub=France+Bleu&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft.au=Gilets+Jaunes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F394450377%2FLes-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fr234-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fr234_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fr234_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181217-france-yellow-vests-battle-popular-referendum-RIC-citizens-initiative-macron-philippe">"France 24, "'Yellow Vests' open a new front in the battle: Popular referendums", 17/12/2018"</a>. 17 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190102122612/https://www.france24.com/en/20181217-france-yellow-vests-battle-popular-referendum-RIC-citizens-initiative-macron-philippe">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=France+24%2C+%22%27Yellow+Vests%27+open+a+new+front+in+the+battle%3A+Popular+referendums%22%2C+17%2F12%2F2018&rft.date=2018-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20181217-france-yellow-vests-battle-popular-referendum-RIC-citizens-initiative-macron-philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tele11-39"><a href="#cite_ref-tele11_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/01/yellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures/">"Yellow vest protesters clash with police in Paris, in pictures"</a>. The Telegraph. 1 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203200256/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/01/yellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Yellow+vest+protesters+clash+with+police+in+Paris%2C+in+pictures&rft.date=2018-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F12%2F01%2Fyellow-vest-protesters-clash-police-paris-pictures%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ButcherBankerMolotovFlanqueur-40"><a href="#cite_ref-ButcherBankerMolotovFlanqueur_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181205/yellow-vests-anarchists-butchers-and-finance-workers-in-court-over-paris-riots">"Anarchists, butchers and finance workers: A look at the Paris rioters"</a>. The Local France. 5 December 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+France&rft.atitle=Anarchists%2C+butchers+and+finance+workers%3A+A+look+at+the+Paris+rioters&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20181205%2Fyellow-vests-anarchists-butchers-and-finance-workers-in-court-over-paris-riots&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercury-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mercury_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mercury_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/gilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france/">"The Yellow Vests: Who they are and why their tax protest is a big deal"</a>. The Mercury News. Associated Press. 20 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072659/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/20/gilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=The+Yellow+Vests%3A+Who+they+are+and+why+their+tax+protest+is+a+big+deal&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2Fgilets-jaunes-yellow-vest-gas-tax-protest-france%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-forb0212-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-forb0212_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forb0212_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-forb0212_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2018" class="citation web cs1">Rodriguez, Cecilia (2 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/12/02/rioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism/#1f2a76ff36ac">"Riots In Paris: 'Yellow Vests' Violence, Vandalism And Chaos Hitting Tourism"</a>. Forbes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203122110/https://www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2018/12/02/rioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism/#1f2a76ff36ac">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Riots+In+Paris%3A+%27Yellow+Vests%27+Violence%2C+Vandalism+And+Chaos+Hitting+Tourism&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Cecilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fceciliarodriguez%2F2018%2F12%2F02%2Frioting-in-paris-yellow-vests-violence-vandalism-and-chaos-hits-tourism%2F%231f2a76ff36ac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marlowe-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Marlowe_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarlowe2019" class="citation news cs1">Marlowe, Lara (17 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/gilets-jaunes-protests-cause-extensive-damage-on-champs-%C3%A9lys%C3%A9es-1.3829587">"Gilets jaunes protests cause extensive damage on Champs-Élysées"</a>. The Irish Times. Retrieved 24 March 2019. <q>The orgy of violence was carried out by a hard core of 1,500 hooligans wearing masks, black gloves and, in some cases, yellow vests. The most violent vandals are believed to be black bloc anarchists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+protests+cause+extensive+damage+on+Champs-%C3%89lys%C3%A9es&rft.date=2019-03-17&rft.aulast=Marlowe&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fgilets-jaunes-protests-cause-extensive-damage-on-champs-%25C3%25A9lys%25C3%25A9es-1.3829587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arson-44"><a href="#cite_ref-arson_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/almost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291">"Almost 100 injured during French fuel protests"</a>. Irish Times. 2 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204172237/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/almost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Almost+100+injured+during+French+fuel+protests&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Falmost-100-injured-during-french-fuel-protests-1.3717291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rioting-45"><a href="#cite_ref-rioting_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNossiter2018" class="citation news cs1">Nossiter, Adam (2 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/europe/france-yellow-vest-protests.html">"'Yellow Vests' Riot in Paris, but Their Anger Is Rooted Deep in France"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203034619/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/02/world/europe/france-yellow-vest-protests.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. 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AP, Reuters. 2 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203010929/https://www.france24.com/en/20181201-french-police-deployed-amid-new-round-protests-over-taxes">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=Hundreds+arrested+as+police+clash+with+%27Yellow+Vest%27+protesters+in+Paris&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20181201-french-police-deployed-amid-new-round-protests-over-taxes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thelocal0312-47"><a href="#cite_ref-thelocal0312_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181203/looting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests">"The violence, burning and looting wasn't just in Paris on Saturday"</a>. The Local. 3 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203232327/https://www.thelocal.fr/20181203/looting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=The+violence%2C+burning+and+looting+wasn%27t+just+in+Paris+on+Saturday&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20181203%2Flooting-and-violent-clashes-what-happened-in-the-rest-of-france-during-saturday-nights-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCRISIS2022" class="citation news cs1">CRISIS, Aude (1 July 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crisis24.garda.com/alerts/2022/07/france-yellow-vest-activists-to-stage-two-protest-marches-in-paris-july-2">"France: Yellow Vest activists to stage two protest marches in Paris July 2"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France%3A+Yellow+Vest+activists+to+stage+two+protest+marches+in+Paris+July+2&rft.date=2022-07-01&rft.aulast=CRISIS&rft.aufirst=Aude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrisis24.garda.com%2Falerts%2F2022%2F07%2Ffrance-yellow-vest-activists-to-stage-two-protest-marches-in-paris-july-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmc.bfmtv.com/actualites/politique/le-risque-de-nouveaux-gilets-jaunes-est-serieux-alerte-christophe-bouillon_AV-202207020086.html">""Le risque de nouveaux gilets jaunes est sérieux" alerte Christophe Bouillon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Le+risque+de+nouveaux+gilets+jaunes+est+s%C3%A9rieux%22+alerte+Christophe+Bouillon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmc.bfmtv.com%2Factualites%2Fpolitique%2Fle-risque-de-nouveaux-gilets-jaunes-est-serieux-alerte-christophe-bouillon_AV-202207020086.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian-50"><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2018" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports">"Gilets Jaunes protests in France to continue despite fuel tax U-turn"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181204234141/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/04/french-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gilets+Jaunes+protests+in+France+to+continue+despite+fuel+tax+U-turn&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fdec%2F04%2Ffrench-government-to-suspend-fuel-tax-increase-say-reports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-durand-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-durand_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-durand_51-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurand2018" class="citation news cs1">Durand, Anne-Aël (5 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/05/pourquoi-il-est-complique-de-geler-les-tarifs-reglementes-de-l-electricite_5393032_4355770.html">"Pourquoi il est compliqué de geler les tarifs réglementés de l'électricité"</a>. Le Monde. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209175342/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/05/pourquoi-il-est-complique-de-geler-les-tarifs-reglementes-de-l-electricite_5393032_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Pourquoi+il+est+compliqu%C3%A9+de+geler+les+tarifs+r%C3%A9glement%C3%A9s+de+l%27%C3%A9lectricit%C3%A9&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft.aulast=Durand&rft.aufirst=Anne-A%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F05%2Fpourquoi-il-est-complique-de-geler-les-tarifs-reglementes-de-l-electricite_5393032_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr11-52"><a href="#cite_ref-npr11_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="ref" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/12/10/675425153/macron-promises-minimum-wage-hike-and-tax-cuts-to-end-yellow-vest-protests">"Macron Promises Minimum Wage Hike And Tax Cuts To End 'Yellow Vest' Protests"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211024052/https://www.npr.org/2018/12/10/675425153/macron-promises-minimum-wage-hike-and-tax-cuts-to-end-yellow-vest-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Macron+Promises+Minimum+Wage+Hike+And+Tax+Cuts+To+End+%27Yellow+Vest%27+Protests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2F675425153%2Fmacron-promises-minimum-wage-hike-and-tax-cuts-to-end-yellow-vest-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-soir534-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soir534_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soir534_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamien_Durand2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Damien Durand (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-france/macron-100-euros-de-plus-pour-le-smic-pourquoi-est-faux">"Macron: 100€ de plus pour le Smic? Pourquoi c'est faux"</a>. France Soir (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211132257/http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-france/macron-100-euros-de-plus-pour-le-smic-pourquoi-est-faux">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. 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Retrieved 28 December 2018. <q>Protests led by the grassroots Yellow Vest movement abated across France on Saturday, a signal that a call to mobilize for a sixth straight weekend failed to maintain the momentum.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=France%27s+Yellow+Vest+Protests+Abate+as+Fewer+Take+to+Streets&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft.aulast=Rascouet&rft.aufirst=Angelina&rft.au=Viscusi%2C+Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2018-12-22%2Fdriver-dies-in-yellow-vest-related-accident-in-france-afp-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViscusi2018" class="citation news cs1">Viscusi, Gregory (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-people-in-yellow-vests-are-blocking-french-roads/2018/12/10/272aa4bc-fcbb-11e8-a17e-162b712e8fc2_story.html">"Why People in Yellow Vests Are Blocking French Roads"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/why-people-in-yellow-vests-are-blocking-french-roads/2018/12/10/272aa4bc-fcbb-11e8-a17e-162b712e8fc2_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018. <q>What started in November as a grassroots movement against plans to hike gas taxes has spiraled into widespread anger about the rising cost of living and discontent with French President Emmanuel Macron.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+People+in+Yellow+Vests+Are+Blocking+French+Roads&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Viscusi&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2Fwhy-people-in-yellow-vests-are-blocking-french-roads%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2F272aa4bc-fcbb-11e8-a17e-162b712e8fc2_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ludosky-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ludosky_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ludosky_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ludosky_67-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guadeloupe.franceantilles.fr/actualite/social/priscillia-ludosky-une-martiniquaise-derriere-les-gilets-jaunes-513388.php">"Priscillia Ludosky, une Martiniquaise derrière les gilets jaunes"</a>. 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Retrieved 2 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Who+Are+France%27s+Yellow+Vest+Protesters%2C+And+What+Do+They+Want%3F&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Cigainero&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F12%2F03%2F672862353%2Fwho-are-frances-yellow-vest-protesters-and-what-do-they-want&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Libé68-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Libé68_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Libé68_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmanuel_FanstenWilly_Le_DevinIsmaël_Halissat2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Emmanuel Fansten; Willy Le Devin; Ismaël Halissat (2 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2018/12/02/paris-emeutes-inedites-depuis-68_1695615">"Paris:émeutes inédites depuis 68"</a>. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210658/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/12/31/opinions/macron-warning-climate-leaders/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019. <q>The immediate cause of the protests? The carbon taxes on petrol and diesel that Macron had only recently touted as evidence of French leadership on mitigating climate change.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Why+President+Macron%27s+U-turn+is+a+warning+for+climate+leaders&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.au=Mark+Lynas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2018%2F12%2F31%2Fopinions%2Fmacron-warning-climate-leaders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slate.fr/story/157837/politique-sondages-enquetes-popularite-confiance-emmanuel-macron-reformes-mesures">"Les Français boudent Macron, pas ses réformes"</a>. slate.fr. 19 February 2018. 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Retrieved 30 January 2019. <q>Entre janvier et août 2018, 3 932 actes de vandalisme ont été enregistrés sur les radars automatiques.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=radars-auto.com&rft.atitle=Plus+de+6000+radars+vandalis%C3%A9s+en+2018%21&rft.au=Nicolas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radars-auto.com%2Factualite%2Factu-radars-general%2Fplus-de-6000-radars-vandalises-en-2018-1495&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-reut11-109"><a href="#cite_ref-reut11_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoughCarraud2018" class="citation news cs1">Lough, Richard; Carraud, Simon (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKBN1O20UZ">"France's Macron hunts for way out of 'yellow vest' crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203114038/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKBN1O20UZ">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. 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The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211120135/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/06/world/europe/france-fuel-carbon-tax.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018. <q>There is little doubt among scientists and economists — many of whom are in Poland for the current round of climate negotiations — that putting a price on carbon is essential in the effort to reduce fossil fuel dependence. . . . [However many] analysts say the French tax was not politically deft, falling hardest on people outside French cities who were already feeling the pain of stagnating incomes and who do not have the same mass transportation options as urban residents.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Yellow+Vest%27+Protests+Shake+France.+Here%27s+the+Lesson+for+Climate+Change.&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Alissa+J.&rft.au=Sengupta%2C+Somini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F06%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrance-fuel-carbon-tax.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian190209-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian190209_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichfield2019" class="citation news cs1">Lichfield, John (9 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/09/who-really-are-the-gilets-jaunes">"Just who are the gilets jaunes?"</a>. 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Retrieved 8 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Barricades+in+Paris+make+Brexit+bankers+think+again&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.au=Henry+Mance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F7997d508-f8ba-11e8-af46-2022a0b02a6c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walt-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walt_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walt_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalt2018" class="citation news cs1">Walt, Vivienne (30 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5468025/emmanuel-macron-yellow-jackets-civil-war/">"'There Is an Atmosphere of Civil War.' France's Yellow Jackets Are Driving Fury at Macron"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130192024/http://time.com/5468025/emmanuel-macron-yellow-jackets-civil-war/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=%27There+Is+an+Atmosphere+of+Civil+War.%27+France%27s+Yellow+Jackets+Are+Driving+Fury+at+Macron&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft.aulast=Walt&rft.aufirst=Vivienne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5468025%2Femmanuel-macron-yellow-jackets-civil-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-economicjustice-124"><a href="#cite_ref-economicjustice_124-0">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrequin2018" class="citation web cs1">Petrequin, Samuel (16 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/27ec2dd2c68646ff8ce6801b2b7f6986">"Yellow vest protesters still block French traffic circles"</a>. AP News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031705/https://apnews.com/27ec2dd2c68646ff8ce6801b2b7f6986">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018. <q>Yellow vest protesters occupied dozens of traffic roundabouts across France on Sunday even as their movement for economic justice appeared to be losing momentum on the fifth straight weekend of protests.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Yellow+vest+protesters+still+block+French+traffic+circles&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft.aulast=Petrequin&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F27ec2dd2c68646ff8ce6801b2b7f6986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKay2018" class="citation web cs1">McKay, Hollie (16 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/world/frances-yellow-vest-protesters-rage-on-for-fifth-weekend">"France's 'yellow vest' protesters rage on for fifth weekend"</a>. Fox News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229031335/https://www.foxnews.com/world/frances-yellow-vest-protesters-rage-on-for-fifth-weekend">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018. <q>The movement, which is largely seen as a rallying cry for economic justice from France's working class, takes its name from the yellow safety vests French motorists are mandated to keep in their vehicles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=France%27s+%27yellow+vest%27+protesters+rage+on+for+fifth+weekend&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft.aulast=McKay&rft.aufirst=Hollie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Ffrances-yellow-vest-protesters-rage-on-for-fifth-weekend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-reut5755-125"><a href="#cite_ref-reut5755_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230554/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-protests/frances-macron-hunts-for-way-out-of-yellow-vest-crisis-idUKKBN1O20UL">"France's Macron hunts for way out of 'yellow vest' crisis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 3 December 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-protests/frances-macron-hunts-for-way-out-of-yellow-vest-crisis-idUKKBN1O20UL">the original</a> on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France%27s+Macron+hunts+for+way+out+of+%27yellow+vest%27+crisis&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-france-protests%2Ffrances-macron-hunts-for-way-out-of-yellow-vest-crisis-idUKKBN1O20UL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elab112-126"><a href="#cite_ref-elab112_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elabe.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rapport_20181205_elabe_bfmtv_les-francais-les-gilets-jaunes-et-les-mesures-annoncees-par-edouard-philippe.pdf">"Les Français, les gilets jaunes et les mesures annoncées par Edouard Philippe"</a> (PDF) (in French). Sondage ELABE pour BFMTV. 5 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110020502/https://elabe.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/rapport_20181205_elabe_bfmtv_les-francais-les-gilets-jaunes-et-les-mesures-annoncees-par-edouard-philippe.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais%2C+les+gilets+jaunes+et+les+mesures+annonc%C3%A9es+par+Edouard+Philippe&rft.pub=Sondage+ELABE+pour+BFMTV&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felabe.fr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F12%2Frapport_20181205_elabe_bfmtv_les-francais-les-gilets-jaunes-et-les-mesures-annoncees-par-edouard-philippe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spectrum_42_revendications-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Spectrum_42_revendications_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathilde_DamgéAnne-Aël_DurandMaxime_VaudanoJérémie_Baruch2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mathilde Damgé; Anne-Aël Durand; Maxime Vaudano; Jérémie Baruch; Pierre Breteau (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/04/sur-un-axe-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-ou-se-situent-les-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes_5392592_4355770.html">"Sur un axe de Mélenchon à Le Pen, où se situent les revendications des 'gilets jaunes'?"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211163014/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/04/sur-un-axe-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-ou-se-situent-les-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes_5392592_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Sur+un+axe+de+M%C3%A9lenchon+%C3%A0+Le+Pen%2C+o%C3%B9+se+situent+les+revendications+des+%27gilets+jaunes%27%3F&rft.date=2018-12-04&rft.au=Mathilde+Damg%C3%A9&rft.au=Anne-A%C3%ABl+Durand&rft.au=Maxime+Vaudano&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9mie+Baruch&rft.au=Pierre+Breteau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F04%2Fsur-un-axe-de-melenchon-a-le-pen-ou-se-situent-les-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes_5392592_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mari331-128"><a href="#cite_ref-mari331_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÉtienne_Girard2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Étienne Girard (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marianne.net/politique/ni-macron-ni-melenchon-ni-le-pen-les-gilets-jaunes-votent-coluche">"Ni Macron, ni Mélenchon, ni Le Pen : les gilets jaunes votent… Coluche"</a>. Marianne (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211131128/https://www.marianne.net/politique/ni-macron-ni-melenchon-ni-le-pen-les-gilets-jaunes-votent-coluche">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=Ni+Macron%2C+ni+M%C3%A9lenchon%2C+ni+Le+Pen+%3A+les+gilets+jaunes+votent%E2%80%A6+Coluche&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.au=%C3%89tienne+Girard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2Fpolitique%2Fni-macron-ni-melenchon-ni-le-pen-les-gilets-jaunes-votent-coluche&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lordon-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lordon_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lordon_129-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrédéric_Lordon2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frédéric Lordon (5 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mondediplo.net/fin-de-monde">"Fin de monde?"</a>. La pompe à phynance (in French). Le Monde Diplomatique. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173052/https://blog.mondediplo.net/fin-de-monde">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018. <q>Depuis les grèves de 1995, la conscience de ce que les médias censément contre-pouvoirs sont des auxiliaires des pouvoirs, n'a cessé d'aller croissant.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+pompe+%C3%A0+phynance&rft.atitle=Fin+de+monde%3F&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft.au=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric+Lordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mondediplo.net%2Ffin-de-monde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsf.org-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rsf.org_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rsf.org_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/reporters-attacked-yellow-vest-protests-france">"Reporters attacked at "yellow vest" protests in France"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>. 29 November 2018. 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Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212145123/http://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2018/12/07/20004-20181207ARTFIG00160-gilets-jaunes-les-redactions-prennent-des-mesures-pour-assurer-la-securite-des-journalistes.php">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018. <q>Chaque journaliste sur le terrain est accompagné d'un agent de sécurité, souligne Hervé Béroud, le directeur général de la chaîne. Cet agent est à même d'évaluer la dangerosité de la situation et d'intervenir en cas d'agression du journaliste.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%22Gilets+jaunes%22+%3A+les+r%C3%A9dactions+prennent+des+mesures+pour+assurer+la+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+des+journalistes&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.au=Engu%C3%A9rand+Renault&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fmedias%2F2018%2F12%2F07%2F20004-20181207ARTFIG00160-gilets-jaunes-les-redactions-prennent-des-mesures-pour-assurer-la-securite-des-journalistes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oues121-133"><a href="#cite_ref-oues121_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrançois_Chrétien2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">François Chrétien (27 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ouest-france.fr/pays-de-la-loire/nantes-44000/loire-atlantique-ce-journal-que-des-gilets-jaunes-ont-empeche-de-paraitre-6152586">"Loire-Atlantique. Ce journal que des Gilets jaunes ont empêché de paraître"</a> (in French). Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Loire-Atlantique.+Ce+journal+que+des+Gilets+jaunes+ont+emp%C3%AAch%C3%A9+de+para%C3%AEtre&rft.date=2018-12-27&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois+Chr%C3%A9tien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fpays-de-la-loire%2Fnantes-44000%2Floire-atlantique-ce-journal-que-des-gilets-jaunes-ont-empeche-de-paraitre-6152586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurst-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Hurst_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Hurst2019" class="citation news cs1">Alexander Hurst (7 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/152853/ugly-illiberal-anti-semitic-heart-yellow-vest-movement">"The Ugly, Illiberal, Anti-Semitic Heart of the Yellow Vest Movement"</a>. New Republic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108045758/https://newrepublic.com/article/152853/ugly-illiberal-anti-semitic-heart-yellow-vest-movement">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Ugly%2C+Illiberal%2C+Anti-Semitic+Heart+of+the+Yellow+Vest+Movement&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft.au=Alexander+Hurst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F152853%2Fugly-illiberal-anti-semitic-heart-yellow-vest-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20190114/a-turning-point-has-been-reached-media-watchdog-condemns-yellow-vest-attacks-on-journalists">"'Any silence justifies the lynching': Media watchdog condemns 'yellow vest' attacks on journalists"</a>. The Local France. 14 January 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local+France&rft.atitle=%27Any+silence+justifies+the+lynching%27%3A+Media+watchdog+condemns+%27yellow+vest%27+attacks+on+journalists&rft.date=2019-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20190114%2Fa-turning-point-has-been-reached-media-watchdog-condemns-yellow-vest-attacks-on-journalists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro244-136"><a href="#cite_ref-euro244_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargaux_Baralon2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Margaux Baralon (19 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/politique/comment-les-gilets-jaunes-ont-bouleverse-les-codes-de-la-contestation-3803714">"Comment les "gilets jaunes" ont bouleversé les codes de la contestation"</a>. Europe1 (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210110847/https://www.europe1.fr/politique/comment-les-gilets-jaunes-ont-bouleverse-les-codes-de-la-contestation-3803714">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe1&rft.atitle=Comment+les+%22gilets+jaunes%22+ont+boulevers%C3%A9+les+codes+de+la+contestation&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.au=Margaux+Baralon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fcomment-les-gilets-jaunes-ont-bouleverse-les-codes-de-la-contestation-3803714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lefi1321-137"><a href="#cite_ref-lefi1321_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlandine_Le_Cain2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Blandine Le Cain (30 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2018/11/30/01016-20181130ARTFIG00321-les-gilets-jaunes-un-mouvement-sans-leader-dans-lequel-les-fake-news-prosperent.php">"Les 'gilets jaunes', un mouvement sans leader dans lequel les 'fake news' prospèrent"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210103727/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2018/11/30/01016-20181130ARTFIG00321-les-gilets-jaunes-un-mouvement-sans-leader-dans-lequel-les-fake-news-prosperent.php">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Les+%27gilets+jaunes%27%2C+un+mouvement+sans+leader+dans+lequel+les+%27fake+news%27+prosp%C3%A8rent&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft.au=Blandine+Le+Cain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2018%2F11%2F30%2F01016-20181130ARTFIG00321-les-gilets-jaunes-un-mouvement-sans-leader-dans-lequel-les-fake-news-prosperent.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lete11-138"><a href="#cite_ref-lete11_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie-Hélène_Miauton2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marie-Hélène Miauton (6 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/gilets-jaunes-helvetiques-impossible">"Des "gilets jaunes" helvétiques: impossible!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Le_Temps" title="Le Temps">Le Temps</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030256/https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/gilets-jaunes-helvetiques-impossible">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Temps&rft.atitle=Des+%22gilets+jaunes%22+helv%C3%A9tiques%3A+impossible%21&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.au=Marie-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne+Miauton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.letemps.ch%2Fopinions%2Fgilets-jaunes-helvetiques-impossible&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rts112-139"><a href="#cite_ref-rts112_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/10079739-le-systeme-politique-suisse-ausculte-par-la-france-et-les-gilets-jaunes-.html">"Le système politique suisse ausculté par la France et les "gilets jaunes""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Suisse" title="Radio Télévision Suisse">Radio Télévision Suisse</a> (in French). 18 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073450/https://www.rts.ch/info/monde/10079739-le-systeme-politique-suisse-ausculte-par-la-france-et-les-gilets-jaunes-.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision+Suisse&rft.atitle=Le+syst%C3%A8me+politique+suisse+auscult%C3%A9+par+la+France+et+les+%22gilets+jaunes%22&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rts.ch%2Finfo%2Fmonde%2F10079739-le-systeme-politique-suisse-ausculte-par-la-france-et-les-gilets-jaunes-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libe645-140"><a href="#cite_ref-libe645_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Glad2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vincent Glad (2 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/01/02/gilets-jaunes-histoire-du-ric-un-cri-du-peuple_1700790">"Gilets jaunes Histoire du RIC, un cri du peuple"</a>. Liberation (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106104341/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/01/02/gilets-jaunes-histoire-du-ric-un-cri-du-peuple_1700790">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liberation&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+Histoire+du+RIC%2C+un+cri+du+peuple&rft.date=2019-01-02&rft.au=Vincent+Glad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2019%2F01%2F02%2Fgilets-jaunes-histoire-du-ric-un-cri-du-peuple_1700790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra576-141"><a href="#cite_ref-fra576_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomain_Bruny2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Romain Bruny (18 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20170317-france-presidentielle-2017-marche-6e-republique-jean-luc-melenchon-hamon-macron">"La VIe République : une idée qui fait son chemin"</a>. France 24 (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190103032356/https://www.france24.com/fr/20170317-france-presidentielle-2017-marche-6e-republique-jean-luc-melenchon-hamon-macron">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=La+VIe+R%C3%A9publique+%3A+une+id%C3%A9e+qui+fait+son+chemin&rft.date=2017-03-18&rft.au=Romain+Bruny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20170317-france-presidentielle-2017-marche-6e-republique-jean-luc-melenchon-hamon-macron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dissent2-142"><a href="#cite_ref-dissent2_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacob_Hamburger2019" class="citation news cs1">Jacob Hamburger (3 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/frances-yellow-vests-a-test-for-the-populist-left">"France's Yellow Vests: A Test for the Populist Left"</a>. 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Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dissent&rft.atitle=France%27s+Yellow+Vests%3A+A+Test+for+the+Populist+Left&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.au=Jacob+Hamburger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dissentmagazine.org%2Fblog%2Ffrances-yellow-vests-a-test-for-the-populist-left&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra677-143"><a href="#cite_ref-fra677_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/transports/gilets-jaunes/video-qu-est-ce-que-le-ric-la-revendication-phare-des-gilets-jaunes_3106271.html">"VIDEO. Qu'est-ce que le RIC, la revendication-phare des gilets jaunes ?"</a>. 18 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219062849/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/economie/transports/gilets-jaunes/video-qu-est-ce-que-le-ric-la-revendication-phare-des-gilets-jaunes_3106271.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VIDEO.+Qu%27est-ce+que+le+RIC%2C+la+revendication-phare+des+gilets+jaunes+%3F&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Feconomie%2Ftransports%2Fgilets-jaunes%2Fvideo-qu-est-ce-que-le-ric-la-revendication-phare-des-gilets-jaunes_3106271.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Local1-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Local1_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_McPartland2018" class="citation news cs1">Ben McPartland (20 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181120/latest-yellow-vest-fuel-protests-enter-fourth-day-as-french-government-stands-firm">"LATEST: French police dislodge fuel protesters as movement wanes (for now)"</a>. The Local. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120115036/https://www.thelocal.fr/20181120/latest-yellow-vest-fuel-protests-enter-fourth-day-as-french-government-stands-firm">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=LATEST%3A+French+police+dislodge+fuel+protesters+as+movement+wanes+%28for+now%29&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft.au=Ben+McPartland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20181120%2Flatest-yellow-vest-fuel-protests-enter-fourth-day-as-french-government-stands-firm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-local0212-145">^ <a href="#cite_ref-local0212_145-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-local0212_145-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Lichfield2018" class="citation news cs1">John Lichfield (2 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181202/analysis-the-savage-violence-in-paris-was-not-a-protest-it-was-insurrection">"ANALYSIS: The savage violence in Paris was not a protest, it was an insurrection"</a>. The Local. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203130345/https://www.thelocal.fr/20181202/analysis-the-savage-violence-in-paris-was-not-a-protest-it-was-insurrection">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=ANALYSIS%3A+The+savage+violence+in+Paris+was+not+a+protest%2C+it+was+an+insurrection&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft.au=John+Lichfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20181202%2Fanalysis-the-savage-violence-in-paris-was-not-a-protest-it-was-insurrection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra876-146"><a href="#cite_ref-fra876_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181119-france-yellow-vest-protesters-block-access-fuel-depots-taxes-total">"France's 'yellow vest' protesters block access to fuel depots"</a>. France 24. 19 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121072643/https://www.france24.com/en/20181119-france-yellow-vest-protesters-block-access-fuel-depots-taxes-total">Archived</a> from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France%27s+%27yellow+vest%27+protesters+block+access+to+fuel+depots&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20181119-france-yellow-vest-protesters-block-access-fuel-depots-taxes-total&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mazet-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Mazet_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSerge_Pueyo2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Serge Pueyo (17 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/gilets-jaunes-qui-etait-chantal-morte-ecrasee-sur-un-barrage-17-11-2018-7945344.php">"Gilets jaunes: qui était Chantal, morte écrasée sur un barrage"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181120010702/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/gilets-jaunes-qui-etait-chantal-morte-ecrasee-sur-un-barrage-17-11-2018-7945344.php">Archived</a> from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+qui+%C3%A9tait+Chantal%2C+morte+%C3%A9cras%C3%A9e+sur+un+barrage&rft.date=2018-11-17&rft.au=Serge+Pueyo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Ffaits-divers%2Fgilets-jaunes-qui-etait-chantal-morte-ecrasee-sur-un-barrage-17-11-2018-7945344.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monde_RoadSafety-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_RoadSafety_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_RoadSafety_148-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_RoadSafety_148-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_RoadSafety_148-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde_RoadSafety_148-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/02/gilets-jaunes-un-troisieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_5391591_3224.html">"" Gilets jaunes " : un troisième mort en marge du mouvement"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 2 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202644/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/02/gilets-jaunes-un-troisieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_5391591_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=%22+Gilets+jaunes+%22+%3A+un+troisi%C3%A8me+mort+en+marge+du+mouvement&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F02%2Fgilets-jaunes-un-troisieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_5391591_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemonde2111-149"><a href="#cite_ref-lemonde2111_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/11/21/barrages-filtrants-et-evacuations-le-point-sur-la-cinquieme-journee-des-gilets-jaunes_5386374_3224.html">"" Gilets jaunes " : barrages, casse et " sévérité " promise par l'Etat : le point sur la journée de mercredi"</a> (in French). Le Monde. 21 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129223129/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/11/21/barrages-filtrants-et-evacuations-le-point-sur-la-cinquieme-journee-des-gilets-jaunes_5386374_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22+Gilets+jaunes+%22+%3A+barrages%2C+casse+et+%22+s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9+%22+promise+par+l%27Etat+%3A+le+point+sur+la+journ%C3%A9e+de+mercredi&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F11%2F21%2Fbarrages-filtrants-et-evacuations-le-point-sur-la-cinquieme-journee-des-gilets-jaunes_5386374_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABC_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122115527/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/french-troops-deployed-amid-protests-reunion-island-59359264">"French troops deployed amid protests on Reunion island"</a>. ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/french-troops-deployed-amid-protests-reunion-island-59359264">the original</a> on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=French+troops+deployed+amid+protests+on+Reunion+island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%2Ffrench-troops-deployed-amid-protests-reunion-island-59359264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_151-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_151-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2018" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (24 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/24/french-gilets-jaunes-protests-turn-violent-on-the-streets-of-paris">"French 'gilets jaunes' protests turn violent on the streets of Paris"</a>. 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Retrieved 27 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Macron%3A+Paris+protest+%27battle+scenes%27+could+hurt+France%27s+image&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fnov%2F26%2Fparis-begins-clean-up-after-gilets-jaunes-clash-protest-with-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-conne32-153"><a href="#cite_ref-conne32_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/Gilets-Jaunes-Protesters-warn-of-ports-disruption">"Gilets Jaunes: Protesters warn of ports disruption"</a>. 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Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+NewsAsia&rft.atitle=One+dead+as+France+considers+state+of+emergency+over+protests&rft.date=2018-12-02&rft.au=Aur%C3%A9lie+Dianara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fone-dead-as-france-considers-state-of-emergency-over-protests-10989752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fakirpresse.info/on-est-la-la-genese">""On est là !", la genèse"</a>. Fakir. 24 February 2020. 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Retrieved 4 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ouest+France&rft.atitle=Marseille.+L%27IGPN+saisie+apr%C3%A8s+la+mort+d%27une+octog%C3%A9naire+bless%C3%A9e+par+une+grenade&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ouest-france.fr%2Fsociete%2Ffaits-divers%2Fmarseille-une-octogenaire-decede-blessee-par-une-grenade-lacrymogene-en-marge-des-manifestations-6106076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/entry/des-gilets-jaunes-defont-une-grille-du-jardin-des-tuileries-un-homme-dans-le-coma_fr_5c92b7e6e4b0ab349ef73cde">"Des gilets jaunes défont une grille du Jardin des Tuileries, un homme dans le coma"</a>. 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France3 Regions (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209153412/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/auvergne-rhone-alpes/gilets-jaunes-flambee-violences-lyon-au-puy-velay-saint-etienne-1589269.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France3+Regions&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+flamb%C3%A9e+des+violences+%C3%A0+Lyon%2C+au+Puy-en-Velay+et+%C3%A0+Saint-Etienne&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.au=Sofiane+Aissaoui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fauvergne-rhone-alpes%2Fgilets-jaunes-flambee-violences-lyon-au-puy-velay-saint-etienne-1589269.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tvin4357-163"><a href="#cite_ref-tvin4357_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF.L.2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">F.L. 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Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France3&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+l%27autoroute+A6+ferm%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+hauteur+de+Villefranche-sur-Sa%C3%B4ne&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft.au=F.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fbourgogne-franche-comte%2Fsaone-et-loire%2Fmacon%2Fgilets-jaunes-autoroute-a6-fermee-entre-1588553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo976-164"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo976_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaire_Mayer2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Claire Mayer (9 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/09/gilets-jaunes-a-bordeaux-je-n-ai-jamais-vu-un-tel-niveau-de-violence_5394714_3224.html">"'Gilets jaunes' à Bordeaux : 'Tout a basculé en une heure'"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181209030434/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/09/gilets-jaunes-a-bordeaux-je-n-ai-jamais-vu-un-tel-niveau-de-violence_5394714_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018. <q>En fin de soirée, les rues de Bordeaux se sont embrasées. Parmi les fauteurs de troubles, plus de « gilets jaunes », mais des casseurs venus profiter de la tension. ... Dans son quartier populaire et familial, d'impressionnants feux étaient allumés, deux agences bancaires saccagées et un camion incendié. ... l'Apple Store de la rue Sainte-Catherine était pillé par une centaine de casseurs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=%27Gilets+jaunes%27+%C3%A0+Bordeaux+%3A+%27Tout+a+bascul%C3%A9+en+une+heure%27&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft.au=Claire+Mayer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F09%2Fgilets-jaunes-a-bordeaux-je-n-ai-jamais-vu-un-tel-niveau-de-violence_5394714_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters8th-165">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters8th_165-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters8th_165-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208054516/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-protests-idUKKBN1O7001">"France's 'yellow vests' clash with police in Paris"</a>. Reuters. 9 December 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-protests-idUKKBN1O7001">the original</a> on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=France%27s+%27yellow+vests%27+clash+with+police+in+Paris&rft.date=2018-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-france-protests-idUKKBN1O7001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcSpeech-166"><a href="#cite_ref-bbcSpeech_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46513189">"France yellow vest protests: Macron promises wage rise"</a>. BBC. 10 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210200110/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46513189">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=France+yellow+vest+protests%3A+Macron+promises+wage+rise&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46513189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo008-167"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo008_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmmanuel_Macron2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Emmanuel Macron (10 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/12/10/le-verbatim-de-l-allocution-televisee-du-president-de-la-republique_5395523_823448.html">"Verbatim: Le discours d'Emmanuel Macron face aux "gilets jaunes""</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211011153/https://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2018/12/10/le-verbatim-de-l-allocution-televisee-du-president-de-la-republique_5395523_823448.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Verbatim%3A+Le+discours+d%27Emmanuel+Macron+face+aux+%22gilets+jaunes%22&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.au=Emmanuel+Macron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolitique%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2Fle-verbatim-de-l-allocution-televisee-du-president-de-la-republique_5395523_823448.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-puremedia-168"><a href="#cite_ref-puremedia_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Dezeraud2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pierre Dezeraud (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ozap.com/actu/audiences-plus-de-21-millions-de-personnes-devant-l-intervention-d-emmanuel-macron-sur-tf1-france-2-et-m6/571903">"Audiences: 23 millions de personnes devant l'intervention d'Emmanuel Macron"</a>. PureMedia (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211142836/http://www.ozap.com/actu/audiences-plus-de-21-millions-de-personnes-devant-l-intervention-d-emmanuel-macron-sur-tf1-france-2-et-m6/571903">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PureMedia&rft.atitle=Audiences%3A+23+millions+de+personnes+devant+l%27intervention+d%27Emmanuel+Macron&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.au=Pierre+Dezeraud&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ozap.com%2Factu%2Faudiences-plus-de-21-millions-de-personnes-devant-l-intervention-d-emmanuel-macron-sur-tf1-france-2-et-m6%2F571903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LCI_GeldeFrais-169"><a href="#cite_ref-LCI_GeldeFrais_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lci.fr/conso-argent/gilets-jaunes-gel-des-tarifs-bancaires-et-plafonnement-des-frais-d-incidents-ce-qu-a-demande-emmanuel-macron-aux-banquiers-2107217.html">"Gel des tarifs bancaires et plafonnement des frais d'incidents : ce qu'a demandé Emmanuel Macron aux banquiers"</a>. LCI (in French). 11 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216035917/https://www.lci.fr/conso-argent/gilets-jaunes-gel-des-tarifs-bancaires-et-plafonnement-des-frais-d-incidents-ce-qu-a-demande-emmanuel-macron-aux-banquiers-2107217.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=Gel+des+tarifs+bancaires+et+plafonnement+des+frais+d%27incidents+%3A+ce+qu%27a+demand%C3%A9+Emmanuel+Macron+aux+banquiers&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Fconso-argent%2Fgilets-jaunes-gel-des-tarifs-bancaires-et-plafonnement-des-frais-d-incidents-ce-qu-a-demande-emmanuel-macron-aux-banquiers-2107217.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_170-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreeden2018" class="citation news cs1">Breeden, Aurelien (16 December 2018). "Fifth Week of Protest Sweeps a Calmer Paris". <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fifth+Week+of+Protest+Sweeps+a+Calmer+Paris&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft.aulast=Breeden&rft.aufirst=Aurelien&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo800-171"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo800_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/15/gilets-jaunes-mobilisation-en-forte-baisse-46-gardes-a-vue-a-paris_5398132_3224.html">"" Gilets jaunes " : mobilisation en forte baisse avec environ 66 000 manifestants en France"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181218034813/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/15/gilets-jaunes-mobilisation-en-forte-baisse-46-gardes-a-vue-a-paris_5398132_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=%22+Gilets+jaunes+%22+%3A+mobilisation+en+forte+baisse+avec+environ+66+000+manifestants+en+France&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F15%2Fgilets-jaunes-mobilisation-en-forte-baisse-46-gardes-a-vue-a-paris_5398132_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-afp245-172"><a href="#cite_ref-afp245_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/frances-yellow-vests-block-borders-ahead-christmas-doc-1bs1cj3">"France's 'yellow vests' block borders ahead of Christmas"</a>. AFP.com. 16 January 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222221446/https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/frances-yellow-vests-block-borders-ahead-christmas-doc-1bs1cj3">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AFP.com&rft.atitle=France%27s+%27yellow+vests%27+block+borders+ahead+of+Christmas&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F15%2Ffrances-yellow-vests-block-borders-ahead-christmas-doc-1bs1cj3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Monde2212-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Monde2212_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Monde2212_173-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/22/gilets-jaunes-un-mort-et-une-mobilisation-en-demi-teinte-pour-l-acte-vi_5401457_3224.html">"" Gilets jaunes " : un mort et une mobilisation en demi-teinte pour l'" acte VI ""</a> (in French). Le Monde. 22 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223002635/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/22/gilets-jaunes-un-mort-et-une-mobilisation-en-demi-teinte-pour-l-acte-vi_5401457_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%22+Gilets+jaunes+%22+%3A+un+mort+et+une+mobilisation+en+demi-teinte+pour+l%27%22+acte+VI+%22&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F22%2Fgilets-jaunes-un-mort-et-une-mobilisation-en-demi-teinte-pour-l-acte-vi_5401457_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-qzco331-174"><a href="#cite_ref-qzco331_174-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKabir_Chibber2018" class="citation news cs1">Kabir Chibber (21 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/1504949/versailles-is-closed-for-the-latest-yellow-vest-protests/">"Versailles, which survived the French revolution, is closing for the latest protests"</a>. Quartz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222111132/https://qz.com/1504949/versailles-is-closed-for-the-latest-yellow-vest-protests/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=Versailles%2C+which+survived+the+French+revolution%2C+is+closing+for+the+latest+protests&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft.au=Kabir+Chibber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2F1504949%2Fversailles-is-closed-for-the-latest-yellow-vest-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nouv9873-175"><a href="#cite_ref-nouv9873_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20181223.OBS7548/le-gilet-jaune-eric-drouet-interpelle-samedi-sera-juge-ulterieurement.html">"Le "gilet jaune" Éric Drouet, interpellé samedi, sera jugé ultérieurement"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">L'Obs</a>. 23 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223211515/https://www.nouvelobs.com/societe/20181223.OBS7548/le-gilet-jaune-eric-drouet-interpelle-samedi-sera-juge-ulterieurement.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Le+%22gilet+jaune%22+%C3%89ric+Drouet%2C+interpell%C3%A9+samedi%2C+sera+jug%C3%A9+ult%C3%A9rieurement&rft.date=2018-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fsociete%2F20181223.OBS7548%2Fle-gilet-jaune-eric-drouet-interpelle-samedi-sera-juge-ulterieurement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swiss1-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swiss1_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swiss1_176-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMLLT2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ML; LT (22 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bourgogne-franche-comte/doubs/haut-doubs/hauts-doubs-gilets-jaunes-ralentissent-circulation-frontiere-suisse-1596817.html">"Haut-Doubs: des gilets jaunes ralentissent la circulation à la frontière suisse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222153928/https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/bourgogne-franche-comte/doubs/haut-doubs/hauts-doubs-gilets-jaunes-ralentissent-circulation-frontiere-suisse-1596817.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+3&rft.atitle=Haut-Doubs%3A+des+gilets+jaunes+ralentissent+la+circulation+%C3%A0+la+fronti%C3%A8re+suisse&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft.au=ML&rft.au=LT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrance3-regions.francetvinfo.fr%2Fbourgogne-franche-comte%2Fdoubs%2Fhaut-doubs%2Fhauts-doubs-gilets-jaunes-ralentissent-circulation-frontiere-suisse-1596817.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-leda673-177"><a href="#cite_ref-leda673_177-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledauphine.com/drome/2018/12/22/gilets-jaunes-operation-peage-gratuit-a-montelimar-sud">"Gilets jaunes : Amazon bloqué, situation toujours tendue à Montélimar"</a>. Le Dauphiné (in French). 22 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222221243/https://www.ledauphine.com/drome/2018/12/22/gilets-jaunes-operation-peage-gratuit-a-montelimar-sud">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Dauphin%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+Amazon+bloqu%C3%A9%2C+situation+toujours+tendue+%C3%A0+Mont%C3%A9limar&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledauphine.com%2Fdrome%2F2018%2F12%2F22%2Fgilets-jaunes-operation-peage-gratuit-a-montelimar-sud&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lepa-178"><a href="#cite_ref-lepa_178-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/des-centaines-de-gilets-jaunes-a-la-frontiere-franco-espagnole-22-12-2018-7975032.php">"Gilets jaunes: des blocages aux frontières avec l'Espagne, l'Italie et l'Allemagne"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+des+blocages+aux+fronti%C3%A8res+avec+l%27Espagne%2C+l%27Italie+et+l%27Allemagne&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Feconomie%2Fdes-centaines-de-gilets-jaunes-a-la-frontiere-franco-espagnole-22-12-2018-7975032.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lci9837-179"><a href="#cite_ref-lci9837_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lci.fr/social/en-direct-gilets-jaunes-38-600-personnes-mobilisees-dans-toute-la-france-castaner-condamne-les-manifestants-animes-par-la-haine-des-institutions-2103673.html">"EN DIRECT – Gilets jaunes : Castaner dénonce les manifestants "animés par la haine des institutions""</a>. LCI (in French). Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=EN+DIRECT+%E2%80%93+Gilets+jaunes+%3A+Castaner+d%C3%A9nonce+les+manifestants+%22anim%C3%A9s+par+la+haine+des+institutions%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Fsocial%2Fen-direct-gilets-jaunes-38-600-personnes-mobilisees-dans-toute-la-france-castaner-condamne-les-manifestants-animes-par-la-haine-des-institutions-2103673.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-actu38754-180"><a href="#cite_ref-actu38754_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJérôme_Mornière2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jérôme Mornière (30 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/normandie/rouen_76540/acte-vii-gilets-jaunes-violence-scenes-surrealistes-rouen_20575898.html">"Acte VII des Gilets jaunes : de la violence et des scènes surréalistes à Rouen"</a>. 76actu (in French). actu.fr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106055211/https://actu.fr/normandie/rouen_76540/acte-vii-gilets-jaunes-violence-scenes-surrealistes-rouen_20575898.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=76actu&rft.atitle=Acte+VII+des+Gilets+jaunes+%3A+de+la+violence+et+des+sc%C3%A8nes+surr%C3%A9alistes+%C3%A0+Rouen&rft.date=2018-12-30&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Morni%C3%A8re&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Fnormandie%2Frouen_76540%2Facte-vii-gilets-jaunes-violence-scenes-surrealistes-rouen_20575898.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libe239874-181"><a href="#cite_ref-libe239874_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Glad2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vincent Glad (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/01/04/gilets-jaunes-je-te-bfm-moi-non-plus_1701154">"Gilets jaunes: Je te BFM, moi non plus"</a>. Liberation (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106104324/https://www.liberation.fr/france/2019/01/04/gilets-jaunes-je-te-bfm-moi-non-plus_1701154">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Liberation&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+Je+te+BFM%2C+moi+non+plus&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.au=Vincent+Glad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Ffrance%2F2019%2F01%2F04%2Fgilets-jaunes-je-te-bfm-moi-non-plus_1701154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt049874-182"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt049874_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Nossiter2019" class="citation news cs1">Adam Nossiter (5 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/europe/yellow-vests-protests-france-paris.html">"Violence Surges as Yellow Vests Attack French Government Ministry"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106000034/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/05/world/europe/yellow-vests-protests-france-paris.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Violence+Surges+as+Yellow+Vests+Attack+French+Government+Ministry&rft.date=2019-01-05&rft.au=Adam+Nossiter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F05%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fyellow-vests-protests-france-paris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lehut-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Lehut_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThibaut_LehutFrance_BleuFrance_Blue_Pays_d'Auvergne" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thibaut Lehut; France Bleu; France Blue Pays d'Auvergne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/document-la-liste-des-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes-1543486527">"DOCUMENT – Les gilets jaunes publient une liste de revendications"</a> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190114044316/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/societe/document-la-liste-des-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes-1543486527">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019. <q>les gilets jaunes ... ont publié une liste de revendications sur les [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] internet, à l'initiative d'une manifestante de la Sarthe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=DOCUMENT+%E2%80%93+Les+gilets+jaunes+publient+une+liste+de+revendications&rft.au=Thibaut+Lehut&rft.au=France+Bleu&rft.au=France+Blue+Pays+d%27Auvergne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francebleu.fr%2Finfos%2Fsociete%2Fdocument-la-liste-des-revendications-des-gilets-jaunes-1543486527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-actu198273-184"><a href="#cite_ref-actu198273_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaphaël_Tual2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Raphaël Tual (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.fr/normandie/rouen_76540/femmes-gilets-jaunes-premiere-ligne-rouen-rond-point-vaches-petits-contrats-nous_19770518.html">"Les femmes Gilets jaunes en première ligne à Rouen : " Les petits contrats, c'est pour nous ""</a>. actu.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128122238/https://actu.fr/normandie/rouen_76540/femmes-gilets-jaunes-premiere-ligne-rouen-rond-point-vaches-petits-contrats-nous_19770518.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=actu.fr&rft.atitle=Les+femmes+Gilets+jaunes+en+premi%C3%A8re+ligne+%C3%A0+Rouen+%3A+%22+Les+petits+contrats%2C+c%27est+pour+nous+%22&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.au=Rapha%C3%ABl+Tual&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factu.fr%2Fnormandie%2Frouen_76540%2Ffemmes-gilets-jaunes-premiere-ligne-rouen-rond-point-vaches-petits-contrats-nous_19770518.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-monde49874-185"><a href="#cite_ref-monde49874_185-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Rimbert2019" class="citation news cs1">Pierre Rimbert (4 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mondediplo.com/2019/01/04women-france">"The future of labour is female"</a>. Le Monde Diplo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125183537/https://mondediplo.com/2019/01/04women-france">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019. <q>women are most of the staff of many vital but invisible sectors in a neoliberal society. They care, educate, support, and clear up the mess.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+Diplo&rft.atitle=The+future+of+labour+is+female&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft.au=Pierre+Rimbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2F2019%2F01%2F04women-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-monde408759863-186"><a href="#cite_ref-monde408759863_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre_Rimbert2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pierre Rimbert (January 2019). "La puissance insoupçonné des travailleuses". Le Monde Diplomatique (in French). <q>les secteurs majoritairement féminins de l'éducation, ds soins, du travail social ou du nettoyage forment la clé de voûte invisible des sociétés libérales en même temps que leur voiture-balai.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+Diplomatique&rft.atitle=La+puissance+insoup%C3%A7onn%C3%A9+des+travailleuses&rft.date=2019-01&rft.au=Pierre+Rimbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo1772-187"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo1772_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_MondeAFP2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Le Monde; AFP (6 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/01/06/des-centaines-de-femmes-gilets-jaunes-manifestent-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france_5405647_3224.html">"Des centaines de femmes " gilets jaunes " manifestent dans plusieurs villes de France"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190108062803/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/01/06/des-centaines-de-femmes-gilets-jaunes-manifestent-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france_5405647_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Des+centaines+de+femmes+%22+gilets+jaunes+%22+manifestent+dans+plusieurs+villes+de+France&rft.date=2019-01-06&rft.au=Le+Monde&rft.au=AFP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2019%2F01%2F06%2Fdes-centaines-de-femmes-gilets-jaunes-manifestent-dans-plusieurs-villes-de-france_5405647_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dettinger-188"><a href="#cite_ref-Dettinger_188-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20190213-france-justice-gilets-jaunes-boxeur-christophe-dettinger-condamnation-prison">"Gilets jaunes : le boxeur de gendarmes Christophe Dettinger condamné à un an de prison ferme"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a> (in French). 13 February 2019. Retrieved 16 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+le+boxeur+de+gendarmes+Christophe+Dettinger+condamn%C3%A9+%C3%A0+un+an+de+prison+ferme&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20190213-france-justice-gilets-jaunes-boxeur-christophe-dettinger-condamnation-prison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc98364-189"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc98364_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46822472">"Yellow vests knock out 60% of all speed cameras in France"</a>. BBC. 12 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190111214506/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46822472">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Yellow+vests+knock+out+60%25+of+all+speed+cameras+in+France&rft.date=2019-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46822472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro87874-190"><a href="#cite_ref-euro87874_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/information-europe-1-gilets-jaunes-la-moitie-des-radars-automatiques-de-france-sont-hors-service-3817205">""Gilets jaunes" : la moitié des radars automatiques de France ont été mis hors service"</a>. Europe1 (in French). 10 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113062934/https://www.europe1.fr/faits-divers/information-europe-1-gilets-jaunes-la-moitie-des-radars-automatiques-de-france-sont-hors-service-3817205">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe1&rft.atitle=%22Gilets+jaunes%22+%3A+la+moiti%C3%A9+des+radars+automatiques+de+France+ont+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+mis+hors+service&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Ffaits-divers%2Finformation-europe-1-gilets-jaunes-la-moitie-des-radars-automatiques-de-france-sont-hors-service-3817205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carcenac-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carcenac_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carcenac_191-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Carcenac2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Paul Carcenac (12 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2019/01/12/01016-20190112ARTFIG00094-gilets-jaunes-ville-par-ville-le-point-sur-la-mobilisation-de-l-acte-ix.php">""Gilets jaunes": forte mobilisation pour "l'acte IX", au moins 84.000 manifestants"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113003935/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2019/01/12/01016-20190112ARTFIG00094-gilets-jaunes-ville-par-ville-le-point-sur-la-mobilisation-de-l-acte-ix.php">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019. Retrieved 13 January 2019. <q>"Montpellier ... Les casseurs [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] ont répliqué à des caillassages par des tirs de bombes lacrymogènes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%22Gilets+jaunes%22%3A+forte+mobilisation+pour+%22l%27acte+IX%22%2C+au+moins+84.000+manifestants&rft.date=2019-01-12&rft.au=Paul+Carcenac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2F2019%2F01%2F12%2F01016-20190112ARTFIG00094-gilets-jaunes-ville-par-ville-le-point-sur-la-mobilisation-de-l-acte-ix.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters190112-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters190112_192-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_ClercqPaone2019" class="citation news cs1">De Clercq, Geert; Paone, Antony (12 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKCN1P60GX">"Yellow vest protests hit with police water cannon, tear gas in Paris"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113053601/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKCN1P60GX">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2019. 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Retrieved 13 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AFP+via+Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=French+%27yellow+vests%27+rally+in+fresh+round+of+protests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F01%2Ffrench-yellow-vests-rally-fresh-protests-190112144525443.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20min33-194"><a href="#cite_ref-20min33_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathilde_Cousin2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mathilde Cousin (16 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20minutes.fr/faits_divers/2426715-20190116-acte-9-gilets-jaunes-oui-crs-fusils-assaut-bien-deployes-12-janvier">"Acte 9 des "gilets jaunes": Oui, des CRS avec des fusils d'assaut ont bien été déployés le 12 janvier"</a>. 20 minutes (in French). 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Retrieved 18 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediapart&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+les+armes+de+l%27escalade+polici%C3%A8re&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.au=Karl+Laske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediapart.fr%2Fjournal%2Ffrance%2F160119%2Fgilets-jaunes-les-armes-de-l-escalade-policiere&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc190112-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc190112_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc190112_196-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/12/paris-gas-leak-explosion-leaves-4-dead-amid-yellow-vest-protests.html">"Paris gas leak explosion leaves 4 dead amid 'yellow vest' protests"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 December 2018 – via Le Monde.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=%22Gilets+jaunes%22%3A+un+sixi%C3%A8me+mort+depuis+le+d%C3%A9but+de+la+mobilisation&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fun-gilet-jaune-tue-apres-avoir-ete-percute-par-un-camion-a-avignon_5396765_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lexp33452-224"><a href="#cite_ref-lexp33452_224-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/gilets-jaunes-un-septieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_2053513.html">"Gilets jaunes: septième mort en marge du mouvement"</a>. LExpress.fr. 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215143532/https://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/gilets-jaunes-un-septieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_2053513.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LExpress.fr&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+septi%C3%A8me+mort+en+marge+du+mouvement&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fsociete%2Fgilets-jaunes-un-septieme-mort-en-marge-du-mouvement_2053513.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lci98744-225"><a href="#cite_ref-lci98744_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lci.fr/police/gilets-jaunes-un-conducteur-meurt-en-percutant-un-camion-a-la-frontiere-belge-2107551.html">"Gilets jaunes: deux accidents mortels en marge de barrages, 8 morts depuis le début du mouvement"</a>. LCI. 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215170415/https://www.lci.fr/police/gilets-jaunes-un-conducteur-meurt-en-percutant-un-camion-a-la-frontiere-belge-2107551.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+deux+accidents+mortels+en+marge+de+barrages%2C+8+morts+depuis+le+d%C3%A9but+du+mouvement&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Fpolice%2Fgilets-jaunes-un-conducteur-meurt-en-percutant-un-camion-a-la-frontiere-belge-2107551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters181220-226"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters181220_226-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKCN1OJ1IV">"Death toll in French 'yellow vest' protests rises to nine"</a>. Reuters. 20 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222125422/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-protests-idUSKCN1OJ1IV">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Death+toll+in+French+%27yellow+vest%27+protests+rises+to+nine&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-france-protests-idUSKCN1OJ1IV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph181222-227"><a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph181222_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2018" class="citation news cs1">Staff, Our Foreign (22 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/22/driver-killed-accident-yellow-vest-roadblock-southern-france">"Driver killed in accident at Yellow Vest roadblock in southern France"</a>. The Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181222160212/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/12/22/driver-killed-accident-yellow-vest-roadblock-southern-france/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Driver+killed+in+accident+at+Yellow+Vest+roadblock+in+southern+France&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=Our+Foreign&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2018%2F12%2F22%2Fdriver-killed-accident-yellow-vest-roadblock-southern-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bfm9874983-228"><a href="#cite_ref-bfm9874983_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bfmtv.com/police-justice/gilets-jaunes-2891-blesses-depuis-le-debut-du-mouvement-1592810.html">"Gilets jaunes: 2891 blessés depuis le début du mouvement"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221121915/https://www.bfmtv.com/police-justice/gilets-jaunes-2891-blesses-depuis-le-debut-du-mouvement-1592810.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gilets+jaunes%3A+2891+bless%C3%A9s+depuis+le+d%C3%A9but+du+mouvement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bfmtv.com%2Fpolice-justice%2Fgilets-jaunes-2891-blesses-depuis-le-debut-du-mouvement-1592810.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-refl276276-229"><a href="#cite_ref-refl276276_229-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reflets.info/articles/les-blesses-eborgnes-par-les-forces-de-l-ordre-ne-le-sont-pas-par-accident">"Les blessés éborgnés par les forces de l'ordre ne le sont pas par accident"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013821/https://reflets.info/articles/les-blesses-eborgnes-par-les-forces-de-l-ordre-ne-le-sont-pas-par-accident">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+bless%C3%A9s+%C3%A9borgn%C3%A9s+par+les+forces+de+l%27ordre+ne+le+sont+pas+par+accident&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freflets.info%2Farticles%2Fles-blesses-eborgnes-par-les-forces-de-l-ordre-ne-le-sont-pas-par-accident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-libe0928894-230"><a href="#cite_ref-libe0928894_230-0">^</a> Since 2009 police are equipped with <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BCgger_%26_Thomet_GL06" title="Brügger & Thomet GL06">Brügger & Thomet GL06</a>; they call the weapon LBD 40 – Lanceur de Balle de Defense=defense ball launcher --, while the name of the weapon used before 2009 --Flash-Ball-- remains largely used <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2019/01/15/y-a-t-il-une-difference-entre-un-lanceur-de-balle-de-defense-et-un-flash-ball_1702669">"différence entre un "lanceur de balle de défense" et un "flash-ball""</a>. Libération. 15 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121110/https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2019/01/15/y-a-t-il-une-difference-entre-un-lanceur-de-balle-de-defense-et-un-flash-ball_1702669">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=diff%C3%A9rence+entre+un+%22lanceur+de+balle+de+d%C3%A9fense%22+et+un+%22flash-ball%22&rft.date=2019-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fchecknews%2F2019%2F01%2F15%2Fy-a-t-il-une-difference-entre-un-lanceur-de-balle-de-defense-et-un-flash-ball_1702669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thelo98287623-231"><a href="#cite_ref-thelo98287623_231-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2019" class="citation news cs1">O'Reilly, Edward (17 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20190117/riot-control-guns-whats-all-the-fuss-about-flash-balls-in-france">"Riot control guns: What's all the fuss about Flash Balls in France?"</a>. The Local. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190117173453/https://www.thelocal.fr/20190117/riot-control-guns-whats-all-the-fuss-about-flash-balls-in-france">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Riot+control+guns%3A+What%27s+all+the+fuss+about+Flash+Balls+in+France%3F&rft.date=2019-01-17&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.fr%2F20190117%2Friot-control-guns-whats-all-the-fuss-about-flash-balls-in-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inter8783-232"><a href="#cite_ref-inter8783_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/content/download/74530/546550/file/boi_20140010_0000_p000.pdf">"Bulletin Officiel du Ministère de l'intérieur"</a> (PDF) (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190115182153/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/content/download/74530/546550/file/boi_20140010_0000_p000.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+Officiel+du+Minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27int%C3%A9rieur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fcontent%2Fdownload%2F74530%2F546550%2Ffile%2Fboi_20140010_0000_p000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> French police department rules regarding the weapon. </li> <li id="cite_note-libe872872-233"><a href="#cite_ref-libe872872_233-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2019/01/14/gilets-jaunes-le-decompte-des-blesses-graves_1702863">"Gilets jaunes : le décompte des blessés graves"</a>. Libération. 14 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190118114538/https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/2019/01/14/gilets-jaunes-le-decompte-des-blesses-graves_1702863">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+le+d%C3%A9compte+des+bless%C3%A9s+graves&rft.date=2019-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fchecknews%2F2019%2F01%2F14%2Fgilets-jaunes-le-decompte-des-blesses-graves_1702863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc98982333-234"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc98982333_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46917989">"Gilets Jaunes: French 'flash-ball' row over riot-gun injuries"</a>. BBC News. 18 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128110852/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46917989">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gilets+Jaunes%3A+French+%27flash-ball%27+row+over+riot-gun+injuries&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46917989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190128-macron-deplores-11-deaths-yellow-vest-protests">"Macron 'deplores' 11 deaths in 'yellow vest' protests"</a>. France 24. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Macron+%27deplores%27+11+deaths+in+%27yellow+vest%27+protests&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190128-macron-deplores-11-deaths-yellow-vest-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maria27652-236"><a href="#cite_ref-maria27652_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadrien_Mathoux2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hadrien Mathoux (30 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marianne.net/politique/gilets-jaunes-comite-adama-francois-ruffin-convergence-luttes">"Des gilets jaunes au comité Adama : François Ruffin tente une laborieuse "convergence des luttes""</a>. Marianne (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003638/https://www.marianne.net/politique/gilets-jaunes-comite-adama-francois-ruffin-convergence-luttes">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018. <q>Si les Nuit deboutistes qui se sont passionnés dans les commissions antispécistes ou déforestation ne bougent pas quand il se passe ça, alors ils sont les derniers des derniers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marianne&rft.atitle=Des+gilets+jaunes+au+comit%C3%A9+Adama+%3A+Fran%C3%A7ois+Ruffin+tente+une+laborieuse+%22convergence+des+luttes%22&rft.date=2018-11-30&rft.au=Hadrien+Mathoux&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marianne.net%2Fpolitique%2Fgilets-jaunes-comite-adama-francois-ruffin-convergence-luttes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc99298982-237"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc99298982_237-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46466268">"French government fears 'major violence'"</a>. BBC News. 6 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206202523/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46466268">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=French+government+fears+%27major+violence%27&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46466268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parcoursup-238"><a href="#cite_ref-Parcoursup_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Nunès2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eric Nunès (20 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2018/09/20/parcoursup-retour-sur-une-reforme-explosive_5357725_4401467.html">"Parcoursup: retour sur une réforme explosive"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207121444/https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2018/09/20/parcoursup-retour-sur-une-reforme-explosive_5357725_4401467.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Parcoursup%3A+retour+sur+une+r%C3%A9forme+explosive&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft.au=Eric+Nun%C3%A8s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fcampus%2Farticle%2F2018%2F09%2F20%2Fparcoursup-retour-sur-une-reforme-explosive_5357725_4401467.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lanou29872-239"><a href="#cite_ref-lanou29872_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/romorantin/les-lyceens-contre-la-reforme-du-bac">"Les lycéens contre la réforme du bac"</a>. La Nouvelle République (in French). 1 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018. <q>'On demande une égalité entre les lycées ruraux et les grands lycées urbains. Ils ont des options qu'on ne peut pas avoir ici', explique Anthony, élève de terminale L, l'un des initiateurs de la mobilisation.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Nouvelle+R%C3%A9publique&rft.atitle=Les+lyc%C3%A9ens+contre+la+r%C3%A9forme+du+bac&rft.date=2018-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanouvellerepublique.fr%2Fromorantin%2Fles-lyceens-contre-la-reforme-du-bac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-belly09092-240"><a href="#cite_ref-belly09092_240-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFzbeul2018" class="citation web cs1">zbeul (7 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rebellyon.info/Contre-ParcourSup-et-la-reforme-du-bac-19894">"Contre ParcourSup et la réforme du bac : grève et manifestation vendredi 7 décembre"</a>. rebellyon.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207130112/https://rebellyon.info/Contre-ParcourSup-et-la-reforme-du-bac-19894">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018. <q>c'est un bac par établissement de part l'importance du contrôle continu. Un bac de centre-ville aisé n'aura plus la même valeur qu'un bac de banlieue ou rurale.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rebellyon.info&rft.atitle=Contre+ParcourSup+et+la+r%C3%A9forme+du+bac+%3A+gr%C3%A8ve+et+manifestation+vendredi+7+d%C3%A9cembre&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.au=zbeul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frebellyon.info%2FContre-ParcourSup-et-la-reforme-du-bac-19894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra276276-241"><a href="#cite_ref-fra276276_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20181207-france-mantes-jolie-images-video-interpellation-lyceens-police-blanquer">"France : tollé après l'interpellation massive de lycéens à Mantes-la-Jolie"</a>. France 24 (in French). 7 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181208132038/https://www.france24.com/fr/20181207-france-mantes-jolie-images-video-interpellation-lyceens-police-blanquer">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France+%3A+toll%C3%A9+apr%C3%A8s+l%27interpellation+massive+de+lyc%C3%A9ens+%C3%A0+Mantes-la-Jolie&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20181207-france-mantes-jolie-images-video-interpellation-lyceens-police-blanquer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo15427398-242"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo15427398_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattagliaCouvelaire2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Battaglia, Mattea; Couvelaire, Louise (6 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2018/12/06/mantes-la-jolie-des-images-choquantes-de-lyceens-interpelles-par-la-police_5393757_1653578.html">"La vidéo de l'interpellation collective de dizaines de lycéens à Mantes-la-Jolie provoque de vives réactions"</a>. Le Monde.fr (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207012844/https://www.lemonde.fr/police-justice/article/2018/12/06/mantes-la-jolie-des-images-choquantes-de-lyceens-interpelles-par-la-police_5393757_1653578.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=La+vid%C3%A9o+de+l%27interpellation+collective+de+dizaines+de+lyc%C3%A9ens+%C3%A0+Mantes-la-Jolie+provoque+de+vives+r%C3%A9actions&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.aulast=Battaglia&rft.aufirst=Mattea&rft.au=Couvelaire%2C+Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fpolice-justice%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F06%2Fmantes-la-jolie-des-images-choquantes-de-lyceens-interpelles-par-la-police_5393757_1653578.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc28716412-243"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc28716412_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46479423">"Paris protests 'created a monster'"</a>. BBC News. 7 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207121730/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46479423">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Paris+protests+%27created+a+monster%27&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-46479423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI-244">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AI_244-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AI_244-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/12/police-must-end-use-of-excessive-force-against-protesters-and-high-school-children-in-france/">"Police must end use of excessive force against protesters and high school children in France"</a>. Amnesty International. 14 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181227181403/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/12/police-must-end-use-of-excessive-force-against-protesters-and-high-school-children-in-france/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=Police+must+end+use+of+excessive+force+against+protesters+and+high+school+children+in+France&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2018%2F12%2Fpolice-must-end-use-of-excessive-force-against-protesters-and-high-school-children-in-france%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra87172653-245"><a href="#cite_ref-fra87172653_245-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/huit-arrestations-a-saint-etienne-en-marge-des-manifestations-lyceennes-en-centre-ville-1544111704">"Douze interpellations à Saint-Etienne en marge des manifestations lycéennes"</a>. France Bleu (in French). 6 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206214609/https://www.francebleu.fr/infos/faits-divers-justice/huit-arrestations-a-saint-etienne-en-marge-des-manifestations-lyceennes-en-centre-ville-1544111704">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018. <q>La ville est en état de siège depuis ce jeudi matin avec la manifestation des lycéens dans toute la ville.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+Bleu&rft.atitle=Douze+interpellations+%C3%A0+Saint-Etienne+en+marge+des+manifestations+lyc%C3%A9ennes&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francebleu.fr%2Finfos%2Ffaits-divers-justice%2Fhuit-arrestations-a-saint-etienne-en-marge-des-manifestations-lyceennes-en-centre-ville-1544111704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lyon11-246"><a href="#cite_ref-lyon11_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorent_Deligia2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Florent Deligia (7 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lyoncapitale.fr/actualite/saint-etienne-demanda-encore-l-annulation-de-la-fete-des-lumieres-a-lyon/n">"Saint-Étienne demande encore l'annulation de la Fête des lumières à Lyon"</a>. Lyon Capitale (in French). Retrieved 8 December 2018. <q>Le maintien d'une manifestation telle que la fête des Lumières à Lyon nécessitera, par la force des choses, une mobilisation importante des moyens de police au détriment du maintien de l'ordre dans les autres villes de la Région (<a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABl_Perdriau" title="Gaël Perdriau">Gaël Perdriau</a>)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lyon+Capitale&rft.atitle=Saint-%C3%89tienne+demande+encore+l%27annulation+de+la+F%C3%AAte+des+lumi%C3%A8res+%C3%A0+Lyon&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.au=Florent+Deligia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lyoncapitale.fr%2Factualite%2Fsaint-etienne-demanda-encore-l-annulation-de-la-fete-des-lumieres-a-lyon%2Fn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fra56583475-247"><a href="#cite_ref-fra56583475_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomain_Brunet2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Romain Brunet (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/fr/20181211-france-mouvement-lyceens-gilets-jaunes-convergence-luttes-unl-fidl-parcoursup-bac">"Mouvement des lycéens et Gilets jaunes : "On espère faire converger nos luttes""</a>. France 24 (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211101859/https://www.france24.com/fr/20181211-france-mouvement-lyceens-gilets-jaunes-convergence-luttes-unl-fidl-parcoursup-bac">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Mouvement+des+lyc%C3%A9ens+et+Gilets+jaunes+%3A+%22On+esp%C3%A8re+faire+converger+nos+luttes%22&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.au=Romain+Brunet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20181211-france-mouvement-lyceens-gilets-jaunes-convergence-luttes-unl-fidl-parcoursup-bac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo1154254222-248"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo1154254222_248-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuliette_Garnier2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Juliette Garnier (14 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2018/12/14/gilets-jaunes-le-manque-a-gagner-serait-de-2-milliards-d-euros-pour-le-commerce_5397441_3234.html">"" Gilets jaunes " : le manque à gagner serait de 2 milliards d'euros pour le commerce"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214180034/https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2018/12/14/gilets-jaunes-le-manque-a-gagner-serait-de-2-milliards-d-euros-pour-le-commerce_5397441_3234.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018. <q>« Peut-être 600 millions d'euros désormais », avançait-on, jeudi 13 décembre, à la Fédération du commerce et de la distribution (FCD) qui défend les intérêts de Carrefour, Casino et autres Auchan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=%22+Gilets+jaunes+%22+%3A+le+manque+%C3%A0+gagner+serait+de+2+milliards+d%27euros+pour+le+commerce&rft.date=2018-12-14&rft.au=Juliette+Garnier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Feconomie%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F14%2Fgilets-jaunes-le-manque-a-gagner-serait-de-2-milliards-d-euros-pour-le-commerce_5397441_3234.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-complosions-249"><a href="#cite_ref-complosions_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLes_Decodeurs2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Les Decodeurs (12 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/12/strasbourg-apres-l-attaque-les-theories-du-complot_5396313_4355770.html">"Strasbourg : après l'attentat, les théories du complot"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190101211404/https://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2018/12/12/strasbourg-apres-l-attaque-les-theories-du-complot_5396313_4355770.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Strasbourg+%3A+apr%C3%A8s+l%27attentat%2C+les+th%C3%A9ories+du+complot&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.au=Les+Decodeurs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fles-decodeurs%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F12%2Fstrasbourg-apres-l-attaque-les-theories-du-complot_5396313_4355770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soullier-250"><a href="#cite_ref-Soullier_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucie_Soullier2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lucie Soullier (20 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/01/19/les-gilets-jaunes-nouveau-terrain-de-jeu-de-la-nebuleuse-complotiste-et-antisemite-francaise_5411427_3224.html">"Les 'Gilets jaunes', nouveau terrain d'influence de la nébuleuse complotiste et antisémite"</a>. Le Monde (in French). p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190120073736/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2019/01/19/les-gilets-jaunes-nouveau-terrain-de-jeu-de-la-nebuleuse-complotiste-et-antisemite-francaise_5411427_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Les+%27Gilets+jaunes%27%2C+nouveau+terrain+d%27influence+de+la+n%C3%A9buleuse+complotiste+et+antis%C3%A9mite&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2019-01-20&rft.au=Lucie+Soullier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2019%2F01%2F19%2Fles-gilets-jaunes-nouveau-terrain-de-jeu-de-la-nebuleuse-complotiste-et-antisemite-francaise_5411427_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidalon2019" class="citation news cs1">Vidalon, Dominique (5 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-vinci-results/french-group-vinci-confident-on-2019-despite-yellow-vests-protests-idUSKCN1PV0NM">"French group Vinci confident on 2019 despite 'yellow vests' protests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 10 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=French+group+Vinci+confident+on+2019+despite+%27yellow+vests%27+protests&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft.aulast=Vidalon&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-vinci-results%2Ffrench-group-vinci-confident-on-2019-despite-yellow-vests-protests-idUSKCN1PV0NM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidalon2019" class="citation news cs1">Vidalon, Dominique (16 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011743/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/16/reuters-america-french-yellow-vest-protests-put-brakes-on-vincis-traffic-growth.html">"French 'yellow vest' protests put brakes on Vinci's traffic growth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2019/01/16/reuters-america-french-yellow-vest-protests-put-brakes-on-vincis-traffic-growth.html">the original</a> on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=French+%27yellow+vest%27+protests+put+brakes+on+Vinci%27s+traffic+growth&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.aulast=Vidalon&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F01%2F16%2Freuters-america-french-yellow-vest-protests-put-brakes-on-vincis-traffic-growth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190318-france-yellow-vest-protests-tourism-economy">"France's tourism sector takes a hit from Yellow Vest violence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=France%27s+tourism+sector+takes+a+hit+from+Yellow+Vest+violence&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190318-france-yellow-vest-protests-tourism-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlate2019" class="citation web cs1">Slate, Theodore (4 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tourism-review.com/yellow-vests-keep-affecting-tourism-in-france-news10926">"Yellow Vests – Tourism Numbers Keep Decreasing"</a>. Tourism Review. Retrieved 22 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tourism+Review&rft.atitle=Yellow+Vests+%E2%80%93+Tourism+Numbers+Keep+Decreasing&rft.date=2019-02-04&rft.aulast=Slate&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tourism-review.com%2Fyellow-vests-keep-affecting-tourism-in-france-news10926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-lepa998373562-255"><a href="#cite_ref-lepa998373562_255-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/la-bajon-nouvelle-coluche-des-gilets-jaunes-31-12-2018-7978863.php">"La Bajon, nouvelle "Coluche" des Gilets jaunes ? – Le Parisien"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=La+Bajon%2C+nouvelle+%22Coluche%22+des+Gilets+jaunes+%3F+%E2%80%93+Le+Parisien&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Fculture-loisirs%2Fla-bajon-nouvelle-coluche-des-gilets-jaunes-31-12-2018-7978863.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lefi2298396u3-256"><a href="#cite_ref-lefi2298396u3_256-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien2018" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Stéphanie (4 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/video-manifestation-gilets-jaunes-paris-une-danseuse-fait-une-choregraphie-041218-162426">"En pleine manifestation des gilets jaunes, une danseuse improvise une chorégraphie – Madame Figaro"</a>. Le Figaro.fr Madame. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204416/http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/video-manifestation-gilets-jaunes-paris-une-danseuse-fait-une-choregraphie-041218-162426">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. 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Le Parisien. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216005807/http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/gilets-jaunes-des-marianne-seins-nus-sur-les-champs-elysees-15-12-2018-7969473.php">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+des+Marianne+seins+nus+sur+les+Champs-Elys%C3%A9es&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft.aulast=de+Poulpiquet&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Feconomie%2Fgilets-jaunes-des-marianne-seins-nus-sur-les-champs-elysees-15-12-2018-7969473.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-euro38738722-258"><a href="#cite_ref-euro38738722_258-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europe1.fr/societe/chantant-sur-un-rond-point-une-artiste-fait-le-buzz-avec-sa-chanson-sur-les-gilets-jaunes-3832484">""Gilets jaunes" : une artiste fait le buzz avec son clip tourné sur un rond-point"</a>. Europe1. 4 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190110184253/https://www.europe1.fr/societe/chantant-sur-un-rond-point-une-artiste-fait-le-buzz-avec-sa-chanson-sur-les-gilets-jaunes-3832484">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe1&rft.atitle=%22Gilets+jaunes%22+%3A+une+artiste+fait+le+buzz+avec+son+clip+tourn%C3%A9+sur+un+rond-point&rft.date=2019-01-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europe1.fr%2Fsociete%2Fchantant-sur-un-rond-point-une-artiste-fait-le-buzz-avec-sa-chanson-sur-les-gilets-jaunes-3832484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-conne22928-259"><a href="#cite_ref-conne22928_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.connexionfrance.com/French-news/French-gilets-jaunes-hamburger-in-Nimes-made-with-tear-gas-and-CRS-sauce">"French gilets jaunes burger made with 'tear gas sauce'"</a>. 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Retrieved 28 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Connexion+France&rft.atitle=French+gilets+jaunes+burger+made+with+%27tear+gas+sauce%27&rft.date=2019-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.connexionfrance.com%2FFrench-news%2FFrench-gilets-jaunes-hamburger-in-Nimes-made-with-tear-gas-and-CRS-sauce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-news2972-260"><a href="#cite_ref-news2972_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPauline_Bock2018" class="citation web cs1">Pauline Bock (28 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/europe/2018/11/yellow-jackets-are-reminder-emmanuel-macron-rules-only-one-version-france">"The yellow jackets are a reminder Emmanuel Macron rules only one version of France"</a>. New Statesman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130124708/https://www.newstatesman.com/world/europe/2018/11/yellow-jackets-are-reminder-emmanuel-macron-rules-only-one-version-france">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+yellow+jackets+are+a+reminder+Emmanuel+Macron+rules+only+one+version+of+France&rft.date=2018-11-28&rft.au=Pauline+Bock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2018%2F11%2Fyellow-jackets-are-reminder-emmanuel-macron-rules-only-one-version-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guard0312-261"><a href="#cite_ref-guard0312_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrisafis2018" class="citation news cs1">Chrisafis, Angelique (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/03/who-are-the-gilets-jaunes-and-what-do-they-want">"Who are the gilets jaunes and what do they want?"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203130359/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/03/who-are-the-gilets-jaunes-and-what-do-they-want">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+gilets+jaunes+and+what+do+they+want%3F&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.aulast=Chrisafis&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fdec%2F03%2Fwho-are-the-gilets-jaunes-and-what-do-they-want&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo03873763-262"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo03873763_262-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/05/greves-blocus-etudiants-evenements-annules-une-semaine-sous-pression-pour-le-gouvernement_5393049_3224.html">"Grèves, blocus étudiants, événements annulés… le point sur la mobilisation des " gilets jaunes ""</a>. Le Monde (in French). 6 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181207041817/https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2018/12/05/greves-blocus-etudiants-evenements-annules-une-semaine-sous-pression-pour-le-gouvernement_5393049_3224.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018. <q>Les fédérations CGT et FO du secteur du transport routier ont appelé à la grève à partir de dimanche soir 22 heures et pour une durée indéterminée.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Gr%C3%A8ves%2C+blocus+%C3%A9tudiants%2C+%C3%A9v%C3%A9nements+annul%C3%A9s%E2%80%A6+le+point+sur+la+mobilisation+des+%22+gilets+jaunes+%22&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F05%2Fgreves-blocus-etudiants-evenements-annules-une-semaine-sous-pression-pour-le-gouvernement_5393049_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lepa28837364-263"><a href="#cite_ref-lepa28837364_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/economie/routiers-fo-leve-son-appel-a-la-greve-07-12-2018-7962867.php">"Routiers : FO et la CGT lèvent leur appel à la grève"</a>. leparisien.fr (in French). 7 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=leparisien.fr&rft.atitle=Routiers+%3A+FO+et+la+CGT+l%C3%A8vent+leur+appel+%C3%A0+la+gr%C3%A8ve&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Feconomie%2Froutiers-fo-leve-son-appel-a-la-greve-07-12-2018-7962867.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Casta-264"><a href="#cite_ref-Casta_264-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiraud2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Siraud, Mathilde (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/2018/10/16/25001-20181016ARTFIG00073-castaner-un-fidele-du-president-promu-a-l-interieur.php">"Castaner ministre de l'Intérieur, la consécration d'un fidèle de Macron"</a>. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 7 February 2019. <q>ce fils de militaire, né à Ollioules (Var), a plaqué tôt famille et études pour traîner dans les milieux interlopes marseillais, où il attrape le virus des jeux d'argent et côtoie des caïds, période qu'il présente comme sa «part d'ombre».</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Castaner+ministre+de+l%27Int%C3%A9rieur%2C+la+cons%C3%A9cration+d%27un+fid%C3%A8le+de+Macron&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=Siraud&rft.aufirst=Mathilde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2F2018%2F10%2F16%2F25001-20181016ARTFIG00073-castaner-un-fidele-du-president-promu-a-l-interieur.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-npr079897586-265"><a href="#cite_ref-npr079897586_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/12/04/673195387/france-freezes-fuel-tax-hike-in-face-of-yellow-vest-protests">"France Freezes Fuel Tax Hike In Face Of Yellow Vest Protests"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FIGARO&rft.atitle=Ce+qu%27a+annonc%C3%A9+Macron+pour+sortir+de+la+crise+des+%22gilets+jaunes%22&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fle-scan%2F2018%2F12%2F10%2F25001-20181210ARTFIG00312-ce-qu-a-annonce-macron-pour-sortir-de-la-crise-des-gilets-jaunes.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thel000958-271"><a href="#cite_ref-thel000958_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.fr/20181214/french-police-blasted-for-maiming-yellow-vests-with-tear-gas-and-rubber-bullets">"French police blasted for maiming 'yellow vests' with tear gas and rubber bullets"</a>. 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Retrieved 20 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Gilets+jaunes+%3A+une+prime+de+300+euros+pour+les+forces+de+l%27ordre+mobilis%C3%A9es&rft.date=2018-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Ffr%2F20181218-france-gilets-jaunes-prime-300-euros-forces-ordre-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBost2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bost, Olivier (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtl.fr/actu/politique/80-km-h-edouard-philippe-s-est-fait-tordre-le-bras-estime-olivier-bost-7797646543">"80 km/h : Édouard Philippe "s'est fait tordre le bras", estime Olivier Bost"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RTL_(French_radio)" title="RTL (French radio)">RTL</a> (in French). 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Retrieved 8 December 2018. <q>[T]he rhetoric of the movement, with its insistence that there is a globalized élite that, by manipulating finance and capital, are undoing French civilization, rhymes ominously with the classic forms of French right-wing nationalism, including indigenous French anti-Semitism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+Yellow+Vests+and+Why+There+Are+So+Many+Street+Protests+in+France&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft.au=Adam+Gopnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fdaily-comment%2Fthe-yellow-vests-and-why-there-are-so-many-street-protests-in-france&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-francecult1411-276"><a href="#cite_ref-francecult1411_276-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBéatrice_GiblinGuillaume_Erner2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Béatrice Giblin; Guillaume Erner (14 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franceculture.fr/emissions/linvite-des-matins/qui-sont-les-gilets-jaunes">"Qui sont les gilets jaunes?"</a>. 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Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Manifestations+contre+la+loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22+%3A+ONG%2C+syndicats+et+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9s+de+journalistes+d%C3%A9noncent+des+%22+agressions+honteuses+contre+la+libert%C3%A9+d%27informer+%22&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fidees%2Farticle%2F2020%2F11%2F19%2Fmanifestations-contre-la-proposition-de-loi-securite-globale-ong-syndicats-et-societes-de-journalistes-denoncent-des-agressions-honteuses-contre-la-liberte-d-informer_6060390_3232.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.la-croix.com/Mobilisation-rue-contre-loi-securite-globale-2020-11-21-1301125849">"Les opposants à la loi " sécurité globale " restent mobilisés"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Croix_(newspaper)" title="La Croix (newspaper)">La Croix</a> (in French). 21 November 2020. 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Le Monde (in French). 21 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Plusieurs+milliers+de+personnes+rassembl%C3%A9es+en+France+contre+la+proposition+de+loi+de+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale&rft.date=2020-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2020%2F11%2F21%2Fplusieurs-manifestations-en-france-contre-la-proposition-de-loi-securite-globale_6060647_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/11/27/la-manifestation-parisienne-de-samedi-contre-la-loi-securite-globale-autorisee-par-la-justice_6061422_3224.html">"Nouvelle journée de mobilisation dans toute la France contre la loi " sécurité globale ""</a>. Le Monde (in French). 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Nouvelle+journ%C3%A9e+de+mobilisation+dans+toute+la+France+contre+la+loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22&rft.date=2020-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2020%2F11%2F27%2Fla-manifestation-parisienne-de-samedi-contre-la-loi-securite-globale-autorisee-par-la-justice_6061422_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/live/2020/11/28/loi-securite-globale-suivez-en-direct-les-manifestations-en-france_6061490_3224.html">"Loi " sécurité globale " : revivez notre direct sur les manifestations en France"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 28 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22+%3A+revivez+notre+direct+sur+les+manifestations+en+France&rft.date=2020-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Flive%2F2020%2F11%2F28%2Floi-securite-globale-suivez-en-direct-les-manifestations-en-france_6061490_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonnetDelaporteGodinRouget2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bonnet, François; Delaporte, Lucie; Godin, Romaric; Rouget, Antton (28 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/281120/loi-securite-les-coleres-enfin-deconfinees">"Loi Sécurité: les colères enfin déconfinées"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mediapart" title="Mediapart">Mediapart</a> (in French). 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Le Monde (in French). 28 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22+%3A+133+000+manifestants%2C+selon+le+minist%C3%A8re+de+l%27int%C3%A9rieur%3B+500+000%2C+selon+les+organisateurs&rft.date=2020-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2020%2F11%2F28%2Fplus-de-cent-mille-manifestants-partout-en-france-contre-la-proposition-de-loi-securite-globale_6061513_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernardMagnenou2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bernard, Marie-Violette; Magnenou, Fabien (28 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/proposition-de-loi-sur-la-securite-globale/direct-loi-securite-globale-une-centaine-de-rassemblements-dans-toute-la-france-apres-de-nouvelles-violences-policieres_4199145.html">"Loi "sécurité globale" : Gérald Darmanin "condamne des violences inacceptables contre les forces de l'ordre""</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_Info_(TV_channel)" title="France Info (TV channel)">Franceinfo</a> (in French). 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Le Figaro (in French). 28 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Loi+%22s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale%22+%3A+un+photographe+syrien+bless%C3%A9%2C+RSF+d%C3%A9nonce+des+%22violences+polici%C3%A8res%22&rft.date=2020-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fmarches-des-libertes-un-photographe-syrien-blesse-rsf-denonce-des-violences-policieres-20201128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranque2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Franque, Adrien (29 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liberation.fr/france/2020/11/29/marche-des-libertes-a-paris-un-photographe-syrien-blesse-pendant-une-charge-de-la-police_1807088">""Marche des libertés" à Paris : un photographe syrien blessé par la police"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a> (in French). 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Loi "sécurité globale" : 98 policiers et gendarmes blessés, 81 interpellations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Les_Derni%C3%A8res_Nouvelles_d%27Alsace" title="Les Dernières Nouvelles d'Alsace">DNA</a> (in French). 29 November 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DNA&rft.atitle=Manifestations.+Loi+%22s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale%22+%3A+98+policiers+et+gendarmes+bless%C3%A9s%2C+81+interpellations&rft.date=2020-11-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dna.fr%2Ffaits-divers-justice%2F2020%2F11%2F29%2Floi-securite-globale-62-policiers-et-gendarmes-blesses-81-interpellations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lci.fr/societe/en-direct-loi-securite-globale-95-interpellations-et-67-membres-des-forces-de-l-ordre-blesses-2172022.html">"EN DIRECT – "Sécurité globale" : le Conseil de l'Europe tacle à son tour l'article 24"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Cha%C3%AEne_Info" title="La Chaîne Info">LCI</a> (in French). 18 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LCI&rft.atitle=EN+DIRECT+%E2%80%93+%22S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale%22+%3A+le+Conseil+de+l%27Europe+tacle+%C3%A0+son+tour+l%27article+24&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lci.fr%2Fsociete%2Fen-direct-loi-securite-globale-95-interpellations-et-67-membres-des-forces-de-l-ordre-blesses-2172022.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2020/12/05/loi-securite-globale-a-paris-les-revendications-des-manifestants-eclipsees-par-les-violences_6062341_3224.html">"Loi " sécurité globale " : le sentiment d'un dialogue impossible après les violences dans la manifestation à Paris"</a>. Le Monde (in French). 5 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22+%3A+le+sentiment+d%27un+dialogue+impossible+apr%C3%A8s+les+violences+dans+la+manifestation+%C3%A0+Paris&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fsociete%2Farticle%2F2020%2F12%2F05%2Floi-securite-globale-a-paris-les-revendications-des-manifestants-eclipsees-par-les-violences_6062341_3224.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20minutes.fr/politique/2925639-20201206-loi-securite-globale-95-personnes-interpellees-lors-manifestations-samedi-annonce-gerald-darmanin">"95 interpellations après les manifs contre la loi " sécurité globale ""</a>. <a href="/wiki/20_minutes_(France)" title="20 minutes (France)">20 minutes</a> (in French). 6 December 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20+minutes&rft.atitle=95+interpellations+apr%C3%A8s+les+manifs+contre+la+loi+%22+s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9+globale+%22&rft.date=2020-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.20minutes.fr%2Fpolitique%2F2925639-20201206-loi-securite-globale-95-personnes-interpellees-lors-manifestations-samedi-annonce-gerald-darmanin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.20minutes.fr/societe/2926659-20201208-loi-securite-globale-manifestant-doigts-arraches-grenade-samedi">"Un manifestant a eu les doigts arrachés par une grenade samedi"</a>. 20 minutes (in French). 8 December 2020. 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Le Monde (in French). 13 December 2020. 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Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Egypt+restricts+yellow+vests+sales+to+avoid+copycat+protests&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.au=Hamza+Hendawi+%28AP%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fnation-world%2Fegypt-restricts-yellow-vests-sales-to-avoid-copycat-protests%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theg22009092982-381"><a href="#cite_ref-theg22009092982_381-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/11/egypt-bans-sale-of-gilets-jaunes-yellow-vests-in-fear-copycat-protests">"Egypt bans sale of yellow vests in fear of gilets jaunes copycat protests"</a>. The Guardian. Associated Press. 11 December 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211120216/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/11/egypt-bans-sale-of-gilets-jaunes-yellow-vests-in-fear-copycat-protests">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2018. Retrieved 11 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Egypt+bans+sale+of+yellow+vests+in+fear+of+gilets+jaunes+copycat+protests&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fdec%2F11%2Fegypt-bans-sale-of-gilets-jaunes-yellow-vests-in-fear-copycat-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lemo9968986985-382"><a href="#cite_ref-lemo9968986985_382-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Wieder2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas Wieder (3 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2018/12/03/en-allemagne-l-extreme-droite-revet-l-uniforme-des-gilets-jaunes_5391918_3210.html">"En Allemagne, l'extrême droite revêt l'uniforme des 'gilets jaunes'"</a>. Le Monde (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203211656/https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2018/12/03/en-allemagne-l-extreme-droite-revet-l-uniforme-des-gilets-jaunes_5391918_3210.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=En+Allemagne%2C+l%27extr%C3%AAme+droite+rev%C3%AAt+l%27uniforme+des+%27gilets+jaunes%27&rft.date=2018-12-03&rft.au=Thomas+Wieder&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2018%2F12%2F03%2Fen-allemagne-l-extreme-droite-revet-l-uniforme-des-gilets-jaunes_5391918_3210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPON-1243957-383"><a href="#cite_ref-SPON-1243957_383-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/muenchen-gelbwesten-protest-in-deutschland-aufruf-der-aufstehen-bewegung-a-1243957.html">"'Gelbwesten'-Protest in München"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spiegel_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel Online">Spiegel Online</a> (in German). 15 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181216122107/http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/muenchen-gelbwesten-protest-in-deutschland-aufruf-der-aufstehen-bewegung-a-1243957.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spiegel+Online&rft.atitle=%27Gelbwesten%27-Protest+in+M%C3%BCnchen&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fmuenchen-gelbwesten-protest-in-deutschland-aufruf-der-aufstehen-bewegung-a-1243957.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fitzgerald-384">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald_384-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fitzgerald_384-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2019" class="citation news cs1">Fitzgerald, Cormac (19 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejournal.ie/yellow-vest-ireland-4440420-Jan2019/">"A look inside the angry, fractured world of Ireland's 'yellow vests'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheJournal.ie" title="TheJournal.ie">TheJournal.ie</a>. Retrieved 15 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TheJournal.ie&rft.atitle=A+look+inside+the+angry%2C+fractured+world+of+Ireland%27s+%27yellow+vests%27&rft.date=2019-01-19&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=Cormac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thejournal.ie%2Fyellow-vest-ireland-4440420-Jan2019%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-385"><a href="#cite_ref-385">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/yellow-vest-demo-in-dublin-shows-solidarity-for-french-protestors-892311.html">"Yellow vest demo in Dublin shows solidarity for French protestors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_Examiner" title="Irish Examiner">Irish Examiner</a>. 15 December 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Yellow+vest+demo+in+Dublin+shows+solidarity+for+French+protestors&rft.date=2018-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fyellow-vest-demo-in-dublin-shows-solidarity-for-french-protestors-892311.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-risex33983983-386"><a href="#cite_ref-risex33983983_386-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224170931/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews//ireland/hundreds-join-yellow-vest-protest-march-in-dublin-893734.html">"Hundreds join 'yellow vest' protest march in Dublin"</a>. 22 December 2018. 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Retrieved 29 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hundreds+join+%27yellow+vest%27+protest+march+in+Dublin&rft.date=2018-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fhundreds-join-yellow-vest-protest-march-in-dublin-893734.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-387"><a href="#cite_ref-387">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324174837/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/yellow-vest-protests-held-in-belfast-and-dublin-897180.html">"'Yellow vest' protests held in Dublin"</a>. Irish Examiner. 12 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/yellow-vest-protests-held-in-belfast-and-dublin-897180.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=%27Yellow+vest%27+protests+held+in+Dublin&rft.date=2019-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fyellow-vest-protests-held-in-belfast-and-dublin-897180.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-388"><a href="#cite_ref-388">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/yellow-vest-protesters-issue-18-demands-including-taoiseachs-resignation-897231.html">"Yellow Vest protesters issue 18 demands, including Taoiseach's resignation"</a>. Irish Examiner. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Examiner&rft.atitle=Yellow+Vest+protesters+issue+18+demands%2C+including+Taoiseach%27s+resignation&rft.date=2019-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishexaminer.com%2Fbreakingnews%2Fireland%2Fyellow-vest-protesters-issue-18-demands-including-taoiseachs-resignation-897231.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-389"><a href="#cite_ref-389">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangan2019" class="citation web cs1">Mangan, Ian (14 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dublinlive.ie/news/dublin-news/three-arrested-at-dublin-rally-17422394">"Three arrested at anti-racism and free speech rally outside the Dail"</a>. dublinlive. Retrieved 15 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dublinlive&rft.atitle=Three+arrested+at+anti-racism+and+free+speech+rally+outside+the+Dail&rft.date=2019-12-14&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dublinlive.ie%2Fnews%2Fdublin-news%2Fthree-arrested-at-dublin-rally-17422394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guard3uh-390"><a href="#cite_ref-guard3uh_390-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillsher2018" class="citation news cs1">Willsher, Kim (26 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/26/paris-begins-clean-up-after-gilets-jaunes-clash-protest-with-police">"Macron: Paris protest 'battle scenes' could hurt France's image"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106231450/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/26/paris-begins-clean-up-after-gilets-jaunes-clash-protest-with-police">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019. <q>In Italy, a protest group inspired by the gilets jaunes and unveiled on Facebook on Saturday has garnered thousands of supporters online. Alberto Nardozzi, who runs market stalls in Turin and started the Italian protest group, said Brussels was the focus of his ire. 'We are inspired by the French gilet jaunes', he said. 'But we are motivated by other issues. We, unlike the French, support our government. What we protest against is Europe. We want Europe to no longer interfere with Italian politics.' Nardozzi said his group, which was planning a major rally in January, opposed the so-called Bolkestein directive, which liberalizes cross-border services in the EU's internal market, as well as taxes on business and motorway tolls.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Macron%3A+Paris+protest+%27battle+scenes%27+could+hurt+France%27s+image&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Willsher&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fnov%2F26%2Fparis-begins-clean-up-after-gilets-jaunes-clash-protest-with-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-loca0098408598-391"><a href="#cite_ref-loca0098408598_391-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.it/20190107/italian-leaders-back-french-yellow-vest-protesters">"Italian leaders back French 'yellow vest' protesters"</a>. AFP via The Local. 7 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107211003/https://www.thelocal.it/20190107/italian-leaders-back-french-yellow-vest-protesters">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2019. <q>The two leaders of Italy's ruling populist coalition on Monday threw their support behind the 'yellow vest' protesters in neighbouring France. 'Yellow vests, do not weaken!' Deputy Prime Minister Di Maio, who heads the anti-establishment Five Star Movement (M5S), wrote in a post on his party's blog. He denounced the French government for protecting the elite and the privileged. Matteo Salvini, his counterpart from the far-right, the anti-immigrant League, also backed the 'yellow vest' protesters. 'I support honest citizens protesting against a president who governs against his people,' Salvini said in a statement, while 'firmly' condemning recent protest violence. It's extremely rare for European leaders to back anti-government protesters in a fellow member state. The move underscored the increasingly sour relations between Rome and Paris, which have previously clashed over immigration policy, among other issues.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AFP+via+The+Local&rft.atitle=Italian+leaders+back+French+%27yellow+vest%27+protesters&rft.date=2019-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.it%2F20190107%2Fitalian-leaders-back-french-yellow-vest-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJE_2000_MSquare_190419-392"><a href="#cite_ref-AJE_2000_MSquare_190419_392-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/heavy-clashes-libya-tripoli-phase-attack-190420150424744.html">"Heavy clashes near Libya's Tripoli amid 'new phase of attack'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a>. 20 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190421012936/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/heavy-clashes-libya-tripoli-phase-attack-190420150424744.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Heavy+clashes+near+Libya%27s+Tripoli+amid+%27new+phase+of+attack%27&rft.date=2019-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F04%2Fheavy-clashes-libya-tripoli-phase-attack-190420150424744.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP_yellowvests_190419-393"><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_yellowvests_190419_393-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actu.orange.fr/monde/en-libye-des-gilets-jaunes-pour-denoncer-l-offensive-d-haftar-et-la-france-CNT000001f4JGs.html">"En Libye, des gilets jaunes pour dénoncer l'offensive d'Haftar et la France"</a> [In Libya, yellow vests protestors denounce the Haftar offensive and France] (in French). Orange Actu/<a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">AFP</a>. 19 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420202858/https://actu.orange.fr/monde/en-libye-des-gilets-jaunes-pour-denoncer-l-offensive-d-haftar-et-la-france-CNT000001f4JGs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2019. 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Retrieved 5 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Des+Libyens+en+gilets+jaunes+d%C3%A9noncent+une+ing%C3%A9rence+fran%C3%A7aise&rft.date=2019-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valeursactuelles.com%2Fmonde%2Fdes-libyens-en-gilets-jaunes-denoncent-une-ingerence-francaise-106650&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-then8787666-395"><a href="#cite_ref-then8787666_395-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/408237-traffic-jam-follows-engineers-protest">"Traffic jam follows engineers' protest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_News_International" title="The News International">The News International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223030050/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/408237-traffic-jam-follows-engineers-protest">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2018. 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Associated Press. 12 December 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215233436/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/12/12/world/europe/ap-eu-poland-farmers-protest.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Farmers%27+Protest+Blocks+Traffic+on+Major+Artery+Into+Warsaw&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Faponline%2F2018%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fap-eu-poland-farmers-protest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-397"><a href="#cite_ref-397">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publico.pt/2018/12/21/sociedade/noticia/policia-jornalistas-nao-ha-coletes-amarelos-1855544">"Os "coletes amarelos" não pararam Portugal"</a>. PÚBLICO (in Portuguese). 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=P%C3%9ABLICO&rft.atitle=Os+%22coletes+amarelos%22+n%C3%A3o+pararam+Portugal&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publico.pt%2F2018%2F12%2F21%2Fsociedade%2Fnoticia%2Fpolicia-jornalistas-nao-ha-coletes-amarelos-1855544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuxmore2019" class="citation web cs1">Luxmore, Matthew (5 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/state-decay-moscow-trash-prompts-protests-russia-190605140940553.html">"State of decay: Moscow's rubbish prompts protests in Russia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. Retrieved 17 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=State+of+decay%3A+Moscow%27s+rubbish+prompts+protests+in+Russia&rft.date=2019-06-05&rft.aulast=Luxmore&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fajimpact%2Fstate-decay-moscow-trash-prompts-protests-russia-190605140940553.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lepa3084500000010-399"><a href="#cite_ref-lepa3084500000010_399-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/international/irak-serbie-allemagne-les-gilets-jaunes-essaiment-au-dela-de-nos-frontieres-06-12-2018-7962657.php">"Irak, Serbie, Allemagne… les Gilets jaunes essaiment au-delà de nos frontières"</a>. Le Parisien (in French). 6 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181206230826/http://www.leparisien.fr/international/irak-serbie-allemagne-les-gilets-jaunes-essaiment-au-dela-de-nos-frontieres-06-12-2018-7962657.php">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Irak%2C+Serbie%2C+Allemagne%E2%80%A6+les+Gilets+jaunes+essaiment+au-del%C3%A0+de+nos+fronti%C3%A8res&rft.date=2018-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Finternational%2Firak-serbie-allemagne-les-gilets-jaunes-essaiment-au-dela-de-nos-frontieres-06-12-2018-7962657.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxon-400"><a href="#cite_ref-Maxon_400-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxon2018" class="citation news cs1">Maxon, Ann (20 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/12/20/2003706461">"10,000 Taiwanese 'yellow vests' march in Taipei for tax reforms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Taipei_Times" title="Taipei Times">Taipei Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220121920/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2018/12/20/2003706461">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=10%2C000+Taiwanese+%27yellow+vests%27+march+in+Taipei+for+tax+reforms&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.aulast=Maxon&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Ftaiwan%2Farchives%2F2018%2F12%2F20%2F2003706461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-metro1112-401"><a href="#cite_ref-metro1112_401-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahmood2019" class="citation news cs1">Mahmood, Basit (5 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2019/01/05/girl-13-among-four-arrested-pro-brexit-yellow-vest-protest-london-8313140/">"Girl, 13, among four arrested during pro-Brexit 'yellow vest' protest in London"</a>. Metro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106204245/https://metro.co.uk/2019/01/05/girl-13-among-four-arrested-pro-brexit-yellow-vest-protest-london-8313140/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2019. <q>A 13-year-old girl was arrested on suspicion of assaulting a police officer during a pro-Brexit 'yellow vest' protest in London today. She was arrested alongside three others as a far-right march blocked major roads around Westminster Bridge near the Parliament on Saturday. The demonstration in the capital was one of several held across UK cities, including Manchester, by demonstrators who have copied the high-visibility jackets worn in demonstrations that have turned violent in France.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=Girl%2C+13%2C+among+four+arrested+during+pro-Brexit+%27yellow+vest%27+protest+in+London&rft.date=2019-01-05&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=Basit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2019%2F01%2F05%2Fgirl-13-among-four-arrested-pro-brexit-yellow-vest-protest-london-8313140%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goswami-402"><a href="#cite_ref-Goswami_402-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoswami2019" class="citation web cs1">Goswami, Neal (8 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wcax.com/content/news/Carbon-tax-supporters-opponents-weigh-in-first-day-of-session--504121081.html">"Carbon tax supporters, opponents weigh in on 1st day of session"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WCAX-TV" title="WCAX-TV">WCAX-TV</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WCAX-TV&rft.atitle=Carbon+tax+supporters%2C+opponents+weigh+in+on+1st+day+of+session&rft.date=2019-01-08&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcax.com%2Fcontent%2Fnews%2FCarbon-tax-supporters-opponents-weigh-in-first-day-of-session--504121081.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gribkoff-403"><a href="#cite_ref-Gribkoff_403-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGribkoff2019" class="citation web cs1">Gribkoff, Elizabeth (9 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vtdigger.org/2019/01/09/no-carbon-tax-plan-yet-lots-noise-many-directions/">"No carbon tax plan yet, but lots of noise from many directions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/VTDigger" title="VTDigger">VTDigger</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VTDigger&rft.atitle=No+carbon+tax+plan+yet%2C+but+lots+of+noise+from+many+directions&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft.aulast=Gribkoff&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvtdigger.org%2F2019%2F01%2F09%2Fno-carbon-tax-plan-yet-lots-noise-many-directions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYellow+vests+protests" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Yellow_vests_protests&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mouvement_des_gilets_jaunes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mouvement des gilets jaunes">Mouvement des gilets jaunes</a> at Wikimedia Commons <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://europeancollections.wordpress.com/2019/10/31/les-gilets-jaunes-reading-list-social-protest-and-discontent-in-france-2018-2019/">Les Gilets jaunes: reading list. Social protest and discontent in France (2018–2019)</a> (blogpost, Cambridge University Library, 31 October 2019)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Crimson Contagion">Crimson Contagion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_X" title="Disease X">Disease X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Center_for_Health_Security#Event_201" title="Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security">Event 201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exercise_Cygnus" title="Exercise Cygnus">Exercise Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">2019</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2020" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2020">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">November</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">December</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2021" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2021">responses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">January</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_January_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">February</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_February_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in February 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_March_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">April</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_April_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">May</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_May_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">June</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_June_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">July</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_July_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">August</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_August_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">September</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_September_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in September 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_October_2022" title="Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in October 2022">responses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_November_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2022">November</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_December_2022" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2022">December</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_2023" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2023">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Locations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">Africa</a><div class="hlist"><ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/COVID-19_timeline_by_country_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 timeline by country in Africa">timeline</a></li><li> <a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Africa" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa">national responses</a>)</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Libya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tunisia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Sahara" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eritrea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ethiopia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kenya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madagascar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mauritius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rwanda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Seychelles" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia">Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puntland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puntland">Puntland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Somaliland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Sudan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tanzania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uganda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lesotho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malawi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mozambique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Namibia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_deaths_in_South_Africa" title="List of COVID-19 deaths in South Africa">list of deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gabon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Gambia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana">Ghana</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(March%E2%80%93July_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (March–July 2020)">March–July</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(August%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (August–December 2020)">August–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ghana_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghanaian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ghanaian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">education</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ivory_Coast" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liberia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mali" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niger" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Nigerian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sierra_Leone" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Togo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central/North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tajikistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uzbekistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokyo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokyo">Tokyo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics_and_2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics">2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Macau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">respirator diplomacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">Mainland China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_China" title="COVID-19 lockdown in China">lockdown</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">detail</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Beijing" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing">Beijing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_cases_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_and_2022_Winter_Paralympics" title="COVID-19 cases at the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2022 Winter Paralympics">2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Heilongjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Henan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Henan">Henan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hubei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Inner_Mongolia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liaoning" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liaoning">Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Shanghai" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai">Shanghai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Shanghai_COVID-19_outbreak" title="2022 Shanghai COVID-19 outbreak">2022 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sichuan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sichuan">Sichuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tibet" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tibet">Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Xinjiang" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Afghanistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangladesh" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pakistan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Pakistan" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Pakistan">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India#Evacuations_by_India_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdown_in_India" title="COVID-19 lockdown in India">lockdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">migrant workers' crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">statistics</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(January%E2%80%93May_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (January–May 2020)">January–May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(June%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (June–December 2020)">June–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in India (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">union government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_state_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian state government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Maitri" title="Vaccine Maitri">Vaccine Maitri</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andhra_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arunachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Assam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bihar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chandigarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chhattisgarh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delhi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delhi">Delhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Delhi" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Delhi">Tablighi Jamaat hotspot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Goa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gujarat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haryana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Himachal_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jharkhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Karnataka" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">Kerala</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kerala" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Kerala">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ladakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lakshadweep" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Madhya_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maharashtra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manipur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Meghalaya" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mizoram" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nagaland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Odisha" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puducherry" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puducherry">Puducherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Punjab,_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rajasthan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sikkim" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Telangana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tripura" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uttarakhand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Bengal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Southeast_Asia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast Asia">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brunei" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cambodia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_East_Timor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_large-scale_social_restrictions" title="Indonesia large-scale social restrictions">social restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Activities_Restrictions_Enforcement" title="Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement">Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Laos" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Myanmar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">Singapore</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Singapore_circuit_breaker_measures" title="2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures">circuit breaker response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Singapore" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Thailand" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand">statistics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vietnamese government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">political</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aid_and_relief_efforts_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Aid and relief efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Aid and relief efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_movement_control_order" title="Malaysian movement control order">movement control order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Tablighi_Jamaat_COVID-19_hotspot_in_Malaysia" title="2020 Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot in Malaysia">Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Johor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Johor">Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuala_Lumpur" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sabah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sabah">Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sarawak" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Selangor" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Selangor">Selangor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">community quarantines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_community_quarantine_in_Luzon" title="Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon">Luzon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_by_the_Philippines_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations by the Philippines related to the COVID-19 pandemic">evacuations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#COVID-19_testing_controversy" title="Philippine government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">testing controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bangsamoro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bicol_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bicol Region">Bicol Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cagayan_Valley" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cagayan Valley">Cagayan Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Calabarzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Calabarzon">Calabarzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Caraga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Caraga">Caraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Luzon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Luzon">Central Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Central_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Central Visayas">Central Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cordillera_Administrative_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cordillera Administrative Region">Cordillera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Davao_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Davao Region">Davao Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Eastern_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Visayas">Eastern Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Ilocos_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Ilocos Region">Ilocos Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Metro_Manila" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mimaropa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mimaropa">Mimaropa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Mindanao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Mindanao">Northern Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Soccsksargen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Soccsksargen">Soccsksargen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Visayas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Visayas">Western Visayas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Zamboanga_Peninsula" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Zamboanga Peninsula">Zamboanga Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Filipinos_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Overseas Filipinos during the COVID-19 pandemic">Overseas Filipinos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Armenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Azerbaijan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Artsakh">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bahrain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(country)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Abkhazia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Ossetia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iraq" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Kurdistan_Region" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Kurdistan Region">Kurdistan Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jordan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kuwait" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lebanon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Qatar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_programme_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination programme in Saudi Arabia">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Europe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">history</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2021)">January–June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2021)">July–December 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(January%E2%80%93June_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (January–June 2022)">January–June 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July%E2%80%93December_2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (July–December 2022)">July–December 2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="British government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Rescript" title="Operation Rescript">Operation Rescript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_regarding_COVID-19_contracts_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Controversies regarding COVID-19 contracts in the United Kingdom">contracts</a></li></ul></li> <li>impact <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">education</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_England" title="COVID-19 pandemic in England">England</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (January–June 2020)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (July–December 2020)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_England_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in England (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_London" title="COVID-19 pandemic in London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_local_lockdown_regulations_in_England" title="COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England">local lockdown regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_COVID-19_tier_regulations_in_England" title="First COVID-19 tier regulations in England">first tier regulations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland">Scotland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Scotland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Scotland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wales">Wales</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wales_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales (2021)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Crown_Dependencies" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guernsey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">Overseas territories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gibraltar" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus">Belarus</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belarus_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belarus (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Gagauzia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Gagauzia">Gagauzia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Transnistria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(January%E2%80%93June_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (January–June 2020)">January–June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia_(July%E2%80%93December_2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia (July–December 2020)">July–December 2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Russian government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">political impact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Crimea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sevastopol" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Balkans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kosovo" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montenegro" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Macedonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Serbia" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia">statistics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Croatia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Denmark" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark">Denmark</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Estonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Finland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Finland">Finland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_%C3%85land" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Åland">Åland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_R%C3%A9union" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mayotte" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Normandy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy">Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="German government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 lockdowns in Italy">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Latvia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Lithuania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Luxembourg" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Dutch government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Poland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">Romania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Romania" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovakia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asturias" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Asturias">Asturias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ceuta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Community_of_Madrid" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Community of Madrid">Community of Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Melilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Melilla">Melilla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Swedish government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Gloria" title="Operation Gloria">Operation Gloria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EFTA countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Liechtenstein" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norway">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Svalbard" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Microstates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Andorra" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Monaco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_San_Marino" title="COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vatican_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Atlantic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bermuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Greenland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canada</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">economic impact</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_aid_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Federal aid during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">federal aid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">vaccination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Laser" title="Operation Laser">military response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Bubble" title="Atlantic Bubble">Atlantic Bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">Alberta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alberta" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_British_Columbia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Manitoba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Brunswick" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northwest_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nova_Scotia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nunavut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nunavut">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Ontario</a> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ottawa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_Peel" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of Peel">Peel Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Regional_Municipality_of_York" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Regional Municipality of York">York Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ontario" title="Provincial government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario">Provincial government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec">Quebec</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montreal" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montreal">Montreal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_Montreal_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Boroughs of Montreal during the COVID-19 pandemic">boroughs</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saskatchewan" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saskatchewan">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yukon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Yukon">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Bahamas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Barbados" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Dominica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Grenada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Jamaica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Lucia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Trinidad and Tobago">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Overseas_Territories" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Anguilla" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montserrat" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Broadshare" title="Operation Broadshare">response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Aruba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Maarten" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bonaire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saba" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saba">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Sint_Eustatius" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French West Indies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guadeloupe" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Martinique" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belize" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Costa_Rica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_El_Salvador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guatemala" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Honduras" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mexico" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">vaccination</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nicaragua" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Panama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_of_the_Trump_administration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Communication of the Trump administration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Trump administration communication</a></li> <li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021)">2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_hospital_crisis_in_the_U.S._from_COVID-19" title="2021 hospital crisis in the U.S. from COVID-19">2021 hospital crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="United States responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">responses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">federal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state_and_local_government_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. state and local government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">state and local governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="California government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">California government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_state_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New York state government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">New York government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">Texas government response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_States_Multi-state_Council" title="Eastern States Multi-state Council">Eastern States Multi-state Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Governors_Regional_Pact" title="Midwest Governors Regional Pact">Midwest Governors Regional Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_States_Pact" title="Western States Pact">Western States Pact</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alabama" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Alaska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">Arizona</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Navajo_Nation" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Navajo Nation">Navajo Nation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arkansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="COVID-19 pandemic in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_California" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in California">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the San Francisco Bay Area">S.F. Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colorado" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Connecticut" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Delaware" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Florida" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Idaho" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Illinois" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Iowa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kansas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kentucky" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Louisiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Maryland" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maryland">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Massachusetts" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Boston" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Boston">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Michigan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Minnesota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Mississippi" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Missouri" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Montana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nebraska" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">Nevada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nevada">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Hampshire" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Jersey" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Mexico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_York_City" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oklahoma" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Pennsylvania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Philadelphia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Puerto_Rico" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Rhode_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Carolina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Dakota" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tennessee" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Texas" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Utah" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vermont" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Washington,_D.C." title="COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_West_Virginia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wisconsin" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wyoming" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oceania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_American_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Polynesia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guam" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hawaii" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Kiribati" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Caledonia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Niue" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Autonomous_Region_of_Bougainville" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Samoa" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tokelau" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tonga" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tuvalu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vanuatu" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2020)">2020</a></li> <li>2021 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(January%E2%80%93June_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (January–June 2021)">January–June</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(July%E2%80%93December_2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (July–December 2021)">July–December</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Australia_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Christmas_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_South_Wales" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Norfolk_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Northern_Territory" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Queensland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Tasmania" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Victoria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Western_Australia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>timeline <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2020)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2020)">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2021)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2021)">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2022)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2022)">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand_(2023)" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand (2023)">2023</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">economic impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="New Zealand government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">government response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_alert_levels_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 alert levels in New Zealand">Alert levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Protection_Framework" title="COVID-19 Protection Framework">Traffic light system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">social impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_managed_isolation_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 managed isolation in New Zealand">managed isolation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_America" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Argentina" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">human rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Bolivia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Brazil" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Chile" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Easter_Island" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Colombia" title="Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ecuador" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_French_Guiana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Guyana" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Paraguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">Peru</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistics_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Peru" title="Statistics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru">statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cusco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cusco">Cusco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Suriname" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Uruguay" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Venezuela" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_cruise_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships">Cruise ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Diamond_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Diamond Princess">Diamond Princess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Grand_Princess" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Grand Princess">Grand Princess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_naval_ships" title="COVID-19 pandemic on naval ships">Naval ships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_Charles_de_Gaulle" title="COVID-19 pandemic on Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_on_USS_Theodore_Roosevelt" title="COVID-19 pandemic on USS Theodore Roosevelt">USS Theodore Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Impact" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Impact</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture and entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_arts_and_cultural_heritage" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the arts and cultural heritage">Arts and cultural heritage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_popular_culture" title="COVID-19 pandemic in popular culture">References in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cinema" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cinema">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of films impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">films affected</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-chan" title="Corona-chan">Corona-chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Walt_Disney_Company" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Walt Disney Company">Disney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_fashion_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the fashion industry">Fashion industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_music_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the music industry">Music industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_performing_arts" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performing arts">Performing arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_television_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television in the United States">U.S.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_American_sports_broadcasting" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American sports broadcasting">U.S. sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_television_series_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of American television series impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">programs affected</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_video_game_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_female_education" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Homeschooling during the COVID-19 pandemic">Homeschooling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_Ghana" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_Kingdom_school_exam_grading_controversy" title="2020 United Kingdom school exam grading controversy">exam grading controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_education_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bio-secure_bubble" title="Bio-secure bubble">Bio-secure bubble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_sports_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Philippine_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Philippine sports">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football">Association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_baseball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_basketball" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_NBA_season" title="Suspension of the 2019–20 NBA season">NBA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_combat_sports" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on combat sports">Combat sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_cricket" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_disc_golf" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disc golf">Disc golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Gaelic_games" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gaelic games">Gaelic games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_gridiron_football" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gridiron football">Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ice_hockey" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_motorsport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_rugby_league" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rugby league">Rugby league</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Social impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_social_media" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social media">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_associated_with_COVID-19" title="Social stigma associated with COVID-19">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pox_party#COVID-19_party" title="Pox party">COVID-19 parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_children" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children">Children</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_foster_care_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foster care in the United States">foster care in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_baking" title="Pandemic baking">Pandemic baking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Labor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_healthcare_workers" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers">Healthcare workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_migrant_workers_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic">Indian migrant workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Resignation" title="Great Resignation">Great Resignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikes_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Strikes during the COVID-19 pandemic">Strikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_issues_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Human rights issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Human rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_human_rights_in_Argentina" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Hong_Kong#Protests" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2021 Myanmar coup d'état">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_North_Korea#History" title="COVID-19 pandemic in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkmenistan#0" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on abortion in the United States">Abortion in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_crime" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_domestic_violence" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on domestic violence">Domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_prisons" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prisons">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_U.S._immigration_detention" title="COVID-19 pandemic in U.S. immigration detention">U.S. immigration detention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gendered_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Gendered impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_LGBT_community" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">African communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_people_with_disabilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities">Disability community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Native_American_tribes_and_tribal_communities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Native American tribes and tribal communities">Native American communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_and_racism_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Xenophobia and racism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_Hajj" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Hajj">Hajj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Economic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_activities_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Charitable activities related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Charitable activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_scams" title="COVID-19 scams">COVID-19 scams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Travel during the COVID-19 pandemic">Travel restrictions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Pandemic_Unemployment_Payment" title="COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment">COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_New_Zealand" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Russia" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">U.K.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_commercial_air_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airlines_impacted_by_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="List of airlines impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic">Airlines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Cannabis industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_food_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food industry">Food industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_Canada" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in Canada">meat industry in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_meat_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the meat industry in the United States">meat industry in the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_restaurant_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the restaurant industry in the United States">restaurant industry in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_hospitals" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitals">Hospitals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_ICU_capacity" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ICU capacity">ICU capacity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_long-term_care_facilities" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care facilities">Long-term care facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Mink farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_public_transport" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transport">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_retail" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on retail">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_tourism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supply and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_global_chip_shortage" title="2020–2023 global chip shortage">Chip supply</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_energy_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2023 global energy crisis">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932023_global_supply_chain_crisis" title="2021–2023 global supply chain crisis">Global supply chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Russia%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_oil_price_war" title="2020 Russia–Saudi Arabia oil price war">Oil price war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_security_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Food security during the COVID-19 pandemic">Food security</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_market_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Financial market impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Financial markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_stock_market_crash" title="2020 stock market crash">Global stock market crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_recession" title="COVID-19 recession">COVID-19 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_inflation_surge" class="mw-redirect" title="2021–2022 inflation surge">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Information</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_journalism" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on journalism">Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Wikipedia and the COVID-19 pandemic">Wikipedia's response</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">Misinformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_governments" title="COVID-19 misinformation by governments">Governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_China" title="COVID-19 misinformation by China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_by_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 misinformation by the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li>By country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 misinformation in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivermectin_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic">Ivermectin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plandemic" title="Plandemic">Plandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">National responses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_pandemic_legislation" title="List of COVID-19 pandemic legislation">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="European Union response to the COVID-19 pandemic">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic">Political impact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Malaysia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_politics_in_Russia" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Protests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Abkhazia_unrest" title="2021 Abkhazia unrest">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17A" title="17A">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 protests in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_to_Canberra" title="Convoy to Canberra">Convoy to Canberra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests" title="2020 Azerbaijani protests">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Belarusian_protests" title="2020–2021 Belarusian protests">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Brussels_protests" title="2022 Brussels protests">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Brazil" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Brazilian_protests" title="2020 Brazilian protests">2020 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Brazilian_protests" title="2021 Brazilian protests">2021 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Bulgarian_protests" title="2020–2021 Bulgarian protests">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 protests in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_convoy_protest" title="Canada convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%932022_Chilean_protests" title="2019–2022 Chilean protests">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_COVID-19_protests_in_China" title="2022 COVID-19 protests in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Beijing_Sitong_Bridge_protest" title="2022 Beijing Sitong Bridge protest">Beijing Sitong Bridge protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Chinese_healthcare_reform_protests" title="2023 Chinese healthcare reform protests">healthcare reform protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#Colombia" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">Colombia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Colombian_protests" title="2021 Colombian protests">2021 protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Colombian_protests" title="2022 Colombian protests">2022 protests</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Cuban_protests" title="2021 Cuban protests">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_responses_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic#France" title="Protests against responses to the COVID-19 pandemic">France</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow vests protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_social_unrest_in_the_French_West_Indies" title="2021–2022 social unrest in the French West Indies">French West Indies social unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_convoy_protest" title="France convoy protest">convoy protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 protests in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Idar-Oberstein_shooting" title="2021 Idar-Oberstein shooting">Idar-Oberstein shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Greek_protests" title="2021 Greek protests">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 protests in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_protests_against_Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="2020–2021 protests against Benjamin Netanyahu">protests against Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_over_COVID-19_policies_in_Italy" title="Protests over COVID-19 policies in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mongolian_protests" title="2021 Mongolian protests">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">curfew riots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Wellington_protest" title="2022 Wellington protest">Wellington protest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Paraguayan_protests" title="2021 Paraguayan protests">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_Serbian_protests" title="2020–2022 Serbian protests">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Tunisian_protests" title="2021 Tunisian protests">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_protests_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 protests in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_the_States" title="Open the States">Open the States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_international_relations" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international relations">International relations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="International reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan%E2%80%93Romanian_collaboration_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Moldovan–Romanian collaboration during the COVID-19 pandemic">Moldovan–Romanian collaboration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6104900" class="extiw" title="d:Q6104900">Nicaragua–Taiwan relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respirator_diplomacy_of_Taiwan" title="Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan">Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_diplomacy" title="Vaccine diplomacy">Vaccine diplomacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Glossary of the COVID-19 pandemic">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropause" title="Anthropause">Anthropause</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doomscrolling" title="Doomscrolling">Doomscrolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">Green recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology#Telecommunications" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Quarantini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superspreading_event" title="Superspreading event">Superspreader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twindemic" title="Twindemic">Twindemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_(software)" title="Zoom (software)">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_town" title="Zoom town">Zoom towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_and_animals" title="COVID-19 pandemic and animals">Animals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_environment" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_military" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_pregnant_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnant women">Pregnant women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_science_and_technology" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology">Science and technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Health_issues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Health issues</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_of_COVID-19" title="Transmission of COVID-19">Transmission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symptoms_of_COVID-19" title="Symptoms of COVID-19">Symptoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_and_cancer" title="COVID-19 and cancer">Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemic_COVID-19" title="Endemic COVID-19">Endemic COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutaneous_manifestations_of_COVID-19" title="Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19">Skin manifestations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_COVID" title="Long COVID">Long COVID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic">Mental health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_neurological,_psychological_and_other_mental_health_outcomes" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes">neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_pregnancy" title="COVID-19 in pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_other_health_issues" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on other health issues">Non-COVID-19–related health issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortages_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Shortages related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Shortages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve#Raising_the_line" title="Flattening the curve">Raise the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_after_COVID-19" title="Rehabilitation after COVID-19">Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Unproven medical methods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Testing and epidemiology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_datasets" title="COVID-19 datasets">Datasets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_death_rates_by_country" title="COVID-19 pandemic death rates by country">Death rates by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing" title="COVID-19 testing">Disease testing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_breathalyzer" title="Coronavirus breathalyzer">Breathalyzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Moonshot" title="Operation Moonshot">Operation Moonshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_to_Release" title="Test to Release">Test to Release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Rapid_Test_Consortium" title="UK Rapid Test Consortium">UK Rapid Test Consortium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AbC-19_rapid_antibody_test" title="AbC-19 rapid antibody test">AbC-19 rapid antibody test</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigations_into_the_origin_of_COVID-19" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigations into the origin of COVID-19">investigations into the origins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lab_leak_theory" title="COVID-19 lab leak theory">lab leak theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_rapid_antigen_test" title="COVID-19 rapid antigen test">Rapid antigen test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_for_COVID-19_pandemic_mitigation" title="Software for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_surveillance" title="COVID-19 surveillance">Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercounting_of_COVID-19_pandemic_deaths_by_country" title="Undercounting of COVID-19 pandemic deaths by country">Undercounting COVID-19 deaths</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_apps" title="COVID-19 apps">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aarogya_Setu" title="Aarogya Setu">Aarogya Setu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueTrace" title="BlueTrace">BlueTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CareFIJI" title="CareFIJI">careFIJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Australia" title="Coronavirus Australia">Coronavirus Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona-Warn-App" title="Corona-Warn-App">Corona-Warn-App</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Contact-Confirming_Application" title="COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application">COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Alert" title="COVID Alert">COVID Alert</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Africa#COVID_AlertSA" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa">COVID AlertSA</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIDSafe" title="COVIDSafe">COVIDSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID_Tracker_Ireland" title="COVID Tracker Ireland">COVID Tracker Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covid_Watch" title="Covid Watch">Covid Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralized_Privacy-Preserving_Proximity_Tracing" title="Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing">Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_Notification" title="Exposure Notification">Exposure Notification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="Health Code">Health Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_Together" title="Healthy Together">Healthy Together</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immuni" title="Immuni">Immuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koronavilkku" title="Koronavilkku">Koronavilkku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeaveHomeSafe" title="LeaveHomeSafe">LeaveHomeSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MySejahtera" title="MySejahtera">MySejahtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_COVID-19" title="NHS COVID-19">NHS COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_COVID_Tracer" title="NZ COVID Tracer">NZ COVID Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZ_Pass_Verifier" title="NZ Pass Verifier">NZ Pass Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PathCheck" title="PathCheck">PathCheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PeduliLindungi" title="PeduliLindungi">PeduliLindungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafeEntry" title="SafeEntry">SafeEntry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SafePass" title="SafePass">SafePass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StaySafe.ph" title="StaySafe.ph">StaySafe.ph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SwissCovid" title="SwissCovid">SwissCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TCN_Protocol" title="TCN Protocol">TCN Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test,_Trace,_Protect" title="Test, Trace, Protect">Test, Trace, Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Chana" title="Thai Chana">Thai Chana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TousAntiCovid" title="TousAntiCovid">TousAntiCovid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TraceTogether" title="TraceTogether">TraceTogether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valtrace" title="Valtrace">Valtrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoe_Health_Study" title="Zoe Health Study">Zoe Health Study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prevention</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_purifier" title="Air purifier">Air purifier</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsi%E2%80%93Rosenthal_Box" title="Corsi–Rosenthal Box">Corsi–Rosenthal Box</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroquine_and_hydroxychloroquine_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine during the COVID-19 pandemic">Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandemic_fatigue#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Pandemic fatigue">COVID fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuations_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Evacuations related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Evacuations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">Face masks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-mask_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-mask sentiment">Anti-mask sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flattening_the_curve" title="Flattening the curve">Flattening the curve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrington_Declaration" title="Great Barrington Declaration">Great Barrington Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="International aid related to the COVID-19 pandemic">International aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_mitigation_of_COVID-19" title="Public health mitigation of COVID-19">Public health mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Hands_Challenge" title="Safe Hands Challenge">Safe Hands Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_distancing_measures_related_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic">Social distancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_hazard_controls_for_COVID-19" title="Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19">Workplace hazard controls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-COVID" title="Zero-COVID">Zero-COVID</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">Vaccines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_COVID-19_vaccine_authorizations" title="List of COVID-19 vaccine authorizations">Authorizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_clinical_research" title="COVID-19 vaccine clinical research">Clinical research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development" title="History of COVID-19 vaccine development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EU_Digital_COVID_Certificate" title="EU Digital COVID Certificate">EU Certificate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_misinformation_and_hesitancy" title="COVID-19 vaccine misinformation and hesitancy">Misinformation and hesitancy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deaths_of_anti-vaccine_advocates_from_COVID-19" title="Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates from COVID-19">Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_hesitancy_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Warp_Speed" title="Operation Warp Speed">Operation Warp Speed</a> (U.S.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embolic_and_thrombotic_events_after_COVID-19_vaccination" title="Embolic and thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccination">Post-vaccination complications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine_card" title="COVID-19 vaccine card">Vaccine card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic">Vaccine passports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Authorized</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/DNA_vaccine" title="DNA vaccine">DNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ZyCoV-D" title="ZyCoV-D">ZyCoV-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inactivated_vaccine" title="Inactivated vaccine">Inactivated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences COVID-19 vaccine">Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoronaVac" title="CoronaVac">CoronaVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covaxin" title="Covaxin">Covaxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVIran_Barekat" title="COVIran Barekat">COVIran Barekat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoviVac_(Russia_COVID-19_vaccine)" title="CoviVac (Russia COVID-19 vaccine)">CoviVac (Russia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAKHRAVAC" title="FAKHRAVAC">FAKHRAVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhai_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Minhai COVID-19 vaccine">Minhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QazCovid-in" title="QazCovid-in">QazCovid-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_BIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm BIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm BIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_WIBP_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm WIBP COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm WIBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkovac" title="Turkovac">Turkovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valneva_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Valneva COVID-19 vaccine">Valneva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/MRNA_vaccine" title="MRNA vaccine">mRNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Moderna COVID-19 vaccine">Moderna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pfizer%E2%80%93BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine">Pfizer–BioNTech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subunit_vaccine" title="Subunit vaccine">Subunit</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdala_(vaccine)" title="Abdala (vaccine)">Abdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbevax" title="Corbevax">Corbevax</a> (Bio E COVID-19)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVAX-19" title="COVAX-19">COVAX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EpiVacCorona" title="EpiVacCorona">EpiVacCorona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IndoVac" title="IndoVac">IndoVac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVC_COVID-19_vaccine" title="MVC COVID-19 vaccine">MVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noora_(vaccine)" title="Noora (vaccine)">Noora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novavax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Novavax COVID-19 vaccine">Novavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razi_Cov_Pars" title="Razi Cov Pars">Razi Cov Pars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinopharm_CNBG_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sinopharm CNBG COVID-19 vaccine">Sinopharm CNBG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_02" title="Soberana 02">Soberana 02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soberana_Plus" title="Soberana Plus">Soberana Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">ZF2001</a> (Zifivax)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector_vaccine" title="Viral vector vaccine">Viral vector</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convidecia" title="Convidecia">Convidecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janssen_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Janssen COVID-19 vaccine">Janssen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford%E2%80%93AstraZeneca_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine">Oxford–AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_V_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine">Sputnik V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_Light" title="Sputnik Light">Sputnik Light</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CoVLP" title="CoVLP">CoVLP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Attenuated_vaccine" title="Attenuated vaccine">Attenuated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVI-VAC_(U.S._COVID-19_vaccine)" title="COVI-VAC (U.S. COVID-19 vaccine)">COVI-VAC (United States)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AG0302-COVID%E2%80%9119" title="AG0302-COVID‑19">AG0302-COVID‑19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GX-19" title="GX-19">GX-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inovio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Inovio COVID-19 vaccine">Inovio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactivated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KD-414" title="KD-414">KD-414</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">RNA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-021" title="ARCT-021">ARCT-021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARCT-154" title="ARCT-154">ARCT-154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangavax" title="Bangavax">Bangavax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CureVac_COVID-19_vaccine" title="CureVac COVID-19 vaccine">CureVac</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGC019" title="HGC019">HGC019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MRNA-1283" title="MRNA-1283">mRNA-1283</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTX-COVID19-B" title="PTX-COVID19-B">PTX-COVID19-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93Translate_Bio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–Translate Bio COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–Translate Bio</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemirna_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine">Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walvax_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Walvax COVID-19 vaccine">Walvax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subunit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/202-CoV" title="202-CoV">202-CoV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AKS-452" title="AKS-452">AKS-452</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuCorVac-19" title="EuCorVac-19">EuCorVac-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IVX-411" title="IVX-411">IVX-411</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanocovax" title="Nanocovax">Nanocovax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReCOV" title="ReCOV">ReCOV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanofi%E2%80%93GSK_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine">Sanofi–GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-268019" title="S-268019">S-268019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCB-2019" title="SCB-2019">SCB-2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCTV01C" title="SCTV01C">SCTV01C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skycovione" title="Skycovione">Skycovione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UB-612" title="UB-612">UB-612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-01" title="V-01">V-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V451_vaccine" title="V451 vaccine">V451</a> (terminated)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vabiotech_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vabiotech COVID-19 vaccine">Vabiotech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_China_Hospital_COVID-19_vaccine" title="West China Hospital COVID-19 vaccine">West China Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZF2001" title="ZF2001">Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Viral vector</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AdCLD-CoV19" title="AdCLD-CoV19">AdCLD-CoV19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BriLife" title="BriLife">BriLife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COH04S1" title="COH04S1">COH04S1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT" title="DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT">DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAd-COV2" title="GRAd-COV2">GRAd-COV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImmunityBio_COVID-19_vaccine" title="ImmunityBio COVID-19 vaccine">ImmunityBio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INCOVACC" title="INCOVACC">iNCOVACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INNA-051" title="INNA-051">INNA-051</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NDV-HXP-S" title="NDV-HXP-S">NDV-HXP-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaxart_COVID-19_vaccine" title="Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine">Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABNCoV2" title="ABNCoV2">ABNCoV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYB001" title="LYB001">LYB001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MigVax-101" title="MigVax-101">MigVax-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBI-2902" title="VBI-2902">VBI-2902</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deployment_of_COVID-19_vaccines" title="Deployment of COVID-19 vaccines">Deployment by location</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Algeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Angola" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Benin#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Botswana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burkina_Faso" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Burundi" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cape_Verde" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Cameroon" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Chad" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Comoros" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Djibouti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Egypt" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Eswatini" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ghana" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nigeria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Senegal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Africa" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Zimbabwe" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bangladesh" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bhutan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_mainland_China" title="COVID-19 vaccination in mainland China">Mainland China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_India" title="COVID-19 vaccination in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Indonesia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iran" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Israel" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Kazakhstan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Malaysia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Nepal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Singapore" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_South_Korea" title="COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sri_Lanka" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Taiwan" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Thailand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Turkey" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Vietnam" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Albania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Bulgaria" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Croatia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_France" title="COVID-19 vaccination in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Germany" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Greece" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Hungary" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Iceland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Moldova" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Norway" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Portugal" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Romania" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Russia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Sweden" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Switzerland" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Ontario" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Quebec" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Cuba#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Haiti" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Mexico" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_mandates_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 vaccination mandates in the United States">mandates</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Australia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_New_Zealand" title="COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Argentina" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Brazil" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Colombia" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccination_in_Peru" title="COVID-19 vaccination in Peru">Peru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Antarctica#Vaccination" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19" title="Treatment and management of COVID-19">Treatment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_development" title="COVID-19 drug development">Drug development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_drug_repurposing_research" title="COVID-19 drug repurposing research">Drug repurposing research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baricitinib" title="Baricitinib">Baricitinib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexamethasone#COVID‑19" title="Dexamethasone">Dexamethasone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_membrane_oxygenation#Use_in_COVID-19_patients" title="Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation">Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-source_ventilator#COVID-19_pandemic" title="Open-source ventilator">Open-source ventilator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANORAMIC_trial" title="PANORAMIC trial">PANORAMIC trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RECOVERY_Trial" title="RECOVERY Trial">RECOVERY Trial</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_trial" title="Solidarity trial">Solidarity trial</a> (WHO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">Monoclonal antibodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab/etesevimab" title="Bamlanivimab/etesevimab">Bamlanivimab/etesevimab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamlanivimab" title="Bamlanivimab">Bamlanivimab</a></li> <li>Etesevimab</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebtelovimab" title="Bebtelovimab">Bebtelovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casirivimab/imdevimab" title="Casirivimab/imdevimab">Casirivimab/imdevimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regdanvimab" title="Regdanvimab">Regdanvimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarilumab" title="Sarilumab">Sarilumab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotrovimab" title="Sotrovimab">Sotrovimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tixagevimab/cilgavimab" title="Tixagevimab/cilgavimab">Tixagevimab/cilgavimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocilizumab" title="Tocilizumab">Tocilizumab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Small molecule antivirals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antiviral_drug" title="Broad-spectrum antiviral drug">Broad-spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ensitrelvir" title="Ensitrelvir">Ensitrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molnupiravir" title="Molnupiravir">Molnupiravir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remdesivir#COVID-19" title="Remdesivir">Remdesivir</a></li></ul></li> <li>Co-packaged <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir" title="Nirmatrelvir">Nirmatrelvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir" title="Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir">ritonavir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Alpha_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Beta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant">Beta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Gamma_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant">Gamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Delta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Epsilon_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Epsilon variant">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Zeta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Zeta variant">Zeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Eta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Eta variant">Eta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Theta_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Theta variant">Theta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Iota_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Iota variant">Iota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Kappa_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Lambda_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Mu_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Mu variant">Mu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">Omicron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_SARS-CoV-2_Omicron_variant" title="Timeline of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_5" title="Cluster 5">Cluster 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_lineage_B.1.617" title="SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617">Lineage B.1.617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variants_of_SARS-CoV-2#B.1.640.2" title="Variants of SARS-CoV-2">Lineage B.1.640.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2_variant_of_concern" class="mw-redirect" title="SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern">Variant of concern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals and medical clinics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainland China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hospital_of_Wuhan" title="Central Hospital of Wuhan">Central Hospital of Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabie_Mountain_Regional_Medical_Centre" title="Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre">Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangcang_hospital" title="Fangcang hospital">Fangcang hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huoshenshan_Hospital" title="Huoshenshan Hospital">Huoshenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leishenshan_Hospital" title="Leishenshan Hospital">Leishenshan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_Xinjia_Express_Hotel" title="Collapse of Xinjia Express Hotel">Xinjia Express Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Jinyintan_Hospital" title="Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital">Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ships_designated_for_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Hospital ships designated for the COVID-19 pandemic">Hospital ships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garran_Surge_Centre" title="Garran Surge Centre">Garran Surge Centre</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SevenHills_Hospital#COVID-19_hospital" title="SevenHills Hospital">SevenHills Hospital</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Athletes_Village" title="Kemayoran Athletes Village">Kemayoran Athletes Village</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang_General_Hospital" title="Pyongyang General Hospital">Pyongyang General Hospital</a> (North Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Agro_Exposition_Park_Serdang" title="Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang">Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Ligtas_COVID_Centers" title="Mega Ligtas COVID Centers">Mega Ligtas COVID Centers</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandakadu_Treatment_and_Rehabilitation_Centre" title="Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre">Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre</a> (Sri Lanka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sancaktepe_Prof._Dr._Feriha_%C3%96z_Emergency_Hospital" title="Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital">Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filk%C3%B6y_Prof._Dr._Murat_Dilmener_Emergency_Hospital" title="Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital">Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_hospitals_in_the_United_Kingdom#NHS_England" title="COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom">NHS Nightingale Hospitals</a> (England) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Birmingham" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_London" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_East" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North East">North East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_North_West" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital North West">North West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Nightingale_Hospital_Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="NHS Nightingale Hospital Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Louisa_Jordan" title="NHS Louisa Jordan">NHS Louisa Jordan</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_Heart_Hospital" title="Dragon's Heart Hospital">Dragon's Heart Hospital</a> (Wales)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Cabinet_(Australia)" title="National Cabinet (Australia)">National Cabinet</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ScienceUpFirst" title="ScienceUpFirst">ScienceUpFirst</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan_Institute_of_Virology" title="Wuhan Institute of Virology">Wuhan Institute of Virology</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_SAGE" title="Independent SAGE">Independent SAGE</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (African Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Infectious_Disease_Centre" title="Ghana Infectious Disease Centre">Ghana Infectious Disease Centre</a> (Ghana)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Hong_Kong)" title="Department of Health (Hong Kong)">Department of Health (Hong Kong)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Disease_Control_and_Prevention_Agency" title="Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency">Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="National Institute for Communicable Diseases">National Institute for Communicable Diseases</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Centers_for_Disease_Control" title="Taiwan Centers for Disease Control">Taiwan Centers for Disease Control</a> (Taiwan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pandemic institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_COVID-19_Commission_Advisory_Board" title="National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board">National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Immunity_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Immunity Task Force">COVID-19 Immunity Task Force</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Supply_Council" title="COVID-19 Supply Council">COVID-19 Supply Council</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREPARE" title="PREPARE">PREPARE</a> (European Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Expert_Group_on_Vaccine_Administration_for_COVID-19" title="National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19">National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Response_Acceleration_Task_Force" title="COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force">COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_Health_Emergency_Team_(2020)" title="National Public Health Emergency Team (2020)">National Public Health Emergency Team</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel_Coronavirus_Expert_Meeting" title="Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting">Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crisis_Preparedness_and_Response_Centre" title="Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre">Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defeat_COVID-19_Ad_Hoc_Committee" title="Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee">Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Agency_Task_Force_for_the_Management_of_Emerging_Infectious_Diseases" title="Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases">Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Epidemic_Command_Center" title="Central Epidemic Command Center">Central Epidemic Command Center</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_Scientific_Advisory_Board" title="Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board">Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Genomics_UK_Consortium" title="COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium">COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_College_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team">Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Biosecurity_Centre" title="Joint Biosecurity Centre">Joint Biosecurity Centre</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_Taskforce" title="Vaccine Taskforce">Vaccine Taskforce</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_Advisory_Board" title="COVID-19 Advisory Board">COVID-19 Advisory Board</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_American_Economic_Revival_Industry_Groups" title="Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups">Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Coronavirus_Task_Force" title="White House Coronavirus Task Force">White House Coronavirus Task Force</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_Response_Team" title="White House COVID-19 Response Team">White House COVID-19 Response Team</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GACH" title="GACH">GACH</a> (Uruguay)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relief funds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PM_CARES_Fund" title="PM CARES Fund">PM CARES Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_South_Asia#SAARC_COVID-19_Emergency_Fund" title="COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia">SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist_Relief" title="Artist Relief">Artist Relief</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medical professionals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ai_Fen" title="Ai Fen">Ai Fen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_Rintawan" title="Corona Rintawan">Corona Rintawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Wenliang" title="Li Wenliang">Li Wenliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Wen_(doctor)" title="Liu Wen (doctor)">Liu Wen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Linka" title="Xie Linka">Xie Linka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wenhong" title="Zhang Wenhong">Zhang Wenhong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Coronavirus_researchers" title="Category:Coronavirus researchers">Researchers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awang_Bulgiba_Awang_Mahmud" title="Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud">Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Burioni" title="Roberto Burioni">Roberto Burioni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Wei_(medical_scientist)" title="Chen Wei (medical scientist)">Chen Wei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizzmekia_Corbett" title="Kizzmekia Corbett">Kizzmekia Corbett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Crisanti_(scientist)" title="Andrea Crisanti (scientist)">Andrea Crisanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Daszak" title="Peter Daszak">Peter Daszak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Ferguson_(epidemiologist)" title="Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)">Neil Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Fisher" title="Dale Fisher">Dale Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Gao" title="George F. Gao">George F. Gao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azra_Ghani" title="Azra Ghani">Azra Ghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Gilbert" title="Sarah Gilbert">Sarah Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Yi" title="Guan Yi">Guan Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentaro_Iwata" title="Kentaro Iwata">Kentaro Iwata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Katalin Karikó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keeling" title="Matt Keeling">Matt Keeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trudie_Lang" title="Trudie Lang">Trudie Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanjuan" title="Li Lanjuan">Li Lanjuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Ian_Lipkin" title="W. Ian Lipkin">W. Ian Lipkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xiaowei" title="Ma Xiaowei">Ma Xiaowei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabir_Madhi" title="Shabir Madhi">Shabir Madhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_McGeer" title="Allison McGeer">Allison McGeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_Rothe" title="Camilla Rothe">Camilla Rothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Zhengli" title="Shi Zhengli">Shi Zhengli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moncef_Slaoui" title="Moncef Slaoui">Moncef Slaoui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tildesley" title="Mike Tildesley">Mike Tildesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Todd_(British_biologist)" title="John Todd (British biologist)">John Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Chen_(physician)" title="Wang Chen (physician)">Wang Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Guangfa" title="Wang Guangfa">Wang Guangfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Drew Weissman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuen_Kwok-yung" title="Yuen Kwok-yung">Yuen Kwok-yung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeng_Guang" title="Zeng Guang">Zeng Guang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jixian" title="Zhang Jixian">Zhang Jixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yongzhen" title="Zhang Yongzhen">Zhang Yongzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhong_Nanshan" title="Zhong Nanshan">Zhong Nanshan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">WHO</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tedros_Adhanom_Ghebreyesus" title="Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus">Tedros Adhanom</a> (Director-General of the WHO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Aylward" title="Bruce Aylward">Bruce Aylward</a> (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Van_Kerkhove" title="Maria Van Kerkhove">Maria Van Kerkhove</a> (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Ryan_(doctor)" title="Michael J. Ryan (doctor)">Michael J. Ryan</a> (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Atherton" title="Frank Atherton">Frank Atherton</a> (Wales)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Bloomfield" title="Ashley Bloomfield">Ashley Bloomfield</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Calderwood" title="Catherine Calderwood">Catherine Calderwood</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Shan-chwen" title="Chang Shan-chwen">Chang Shan-chwen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul" title="Anutin Charnvirakul">Anutin Charnvirakul</a> (Thailand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Shih-chung" title="Chen Shih-chung">Chen Shih-chung</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuang_Yin-ching" title="Chuang Yin-ching">Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Costache" title="Victor Costache">Victor Costache</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Curcio" title="Fabrizio Curcio">Fabrizio Curcio</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Deseda" title="Carmen Deseda">Carmen Deseda</a> (Puerto Rico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_van_Dissel" title="Jaap van Dissel">Jaap van Dissel</a> (the Netherlands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Drosten" title="Christian Drosten">Christian Drosten</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Duque_III" title="Francisco Duque III">Francisco Duque III</a> (Philippines)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Paolo_Figliuolo" title="Francesco Paolo Figliuolo">Francesco Paolo Figliuolo</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gra%C3%A7a_Freitas" title="Graça Freitas">Graça Freitas</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrique_Gouveia_e_Melo" title="Henrique Gouveia e Melo">Henrique Gouveia e Melo</a> (Portugal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Hancock" title="Matt Hancock">Matt Hancock</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Hasan" title="Hamad Hasan">Hamad Hasan</a> (Lebanon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Hunt" title="Greg Hunt">Greg Hunt</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Holohan" title="Tony Holohan">Tony Holohan</a> (Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeong_Eun-kyeong" title="Jeong Eun-kyeong">Jeong Eun-kyeong</a> (South Korea)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca" title="Fahrettin Koca">Fahrettin Koca</a> (Turkey)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Keqiang" title="Li Keqiang">Li Keqiang</a> (China)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_L%C3%B3pez-Gatell_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez">Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez</a> (Mexico)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McBride_(doctor)" title="Michael McBride (doctor)">Michael McBride</a> (Northern Ireland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriol_Mitj%C3%A0" title="Oriol Mitjà">Oriol Mitjà</a> (Andorra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweli_Mkhize" title="Zweli Mkhize">Zweli Mkhize</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doni_Monardo" title="Doni Monardo">Doni Monardo</a> (Indonesia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alma_M%C3%B6ller" title="Alma Möller">Alma Möller</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Namaki" title="Saeed Namaki">Saeed Namaki</a> (Iran)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Nemerenco" title="Ala Nemerenco">Ala Nemerenco</a> (Moldova)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Thanh_Long" title="Nguyễn Thanh Long">Nguyễn Thanh Long</a> (Vietnam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Hisham_Abdullah" title="Noor Hisham Abdullah">Noor Hisham Abdullah</a> (Malaysia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Pilli" title="Ali Pilli">Ali Pilli</a> (Northern Cyprus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Salinas" title="Daniel Salinas">Daniel Salinas</a> (Uruguay)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Salomon" title="Jérôme Salomon">Jérôme Salomon</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sim%C3%B3n" title="Fernando Simón">Fernando Simón</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregor_Smith" title="Gregor Smith">Gregor Smith</a> (Scotland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Ih-jen" title="Su Ih-jen">Su Ih-jen</a> (Taiwan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Szumowski" title="Łukasz Szumowski">Łukasz Szumowski</a> (Poland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theresa_Tam" title="Theresa Tam">Theresa Tam</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anders_Tegnell" title="Anders Tegnell">Anders Tegnell</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B3lfur_Gu%C3%B0nason" title="Þórólfur Guðnason">Þórólfur Guðnason</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiris_Tsiodras" title="Sotiris Tsiodras">Sotiris Tsiodras</a> (Greece)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_Vardhan_(Delhi_politician)" title="Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)">Harsh Vardhan</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%AD%C3%B0ir_Reynisson" title="Víðir Reynisson">Víðir Reynisson</a> (Iceland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Vizzotti" title="Carla Vizzotti">Carla Vizzotti</a> (Argentina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlad_Voiculescu" title="Vlad Voiculescu">Vlad Voiculescu</a> (Romania)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Whitty" title="Chris Whitty">Chris Whitty</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Wong" title="Lawrence Wong">Lawrence Wong</a> (Singapore)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Qiushi" title="Chen Qiushi">Chen Qiushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Crozier" title="Brett Crozier">Brett Crozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Bin" title="Fang Bin">Fang Bin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fang_Fang" title="Fang Fang">Fang Fang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Ashitey_Hammond" title="Joseph Ashitey Hammond">Joseph Ashitey Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zehua" title="Li Zehua">Li Zehua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Tom_Moore" title="Captain Tom Moore">Captain Tom Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Menghuang" title="Qiu Menghuang">Qiu Menghuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Zhiqiang" title="Ren Zhiqiang">Ren Zhiqiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_due_to_COVID-19" title="List of deaths due to COVID-19">List of deaths due to COVID-19</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Data_(templates)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Data (templates)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_by_country_and_territory#Statistics" title="COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory">Cases, deaths, recoveries by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_testing#Virus_testing_statistics_by_country_subdivision" title="COVID-19 testing">Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision</a></li> <li>WHO situation reports <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases">cases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2020">January 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2020">February 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2020">March 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2020">April 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2020">May 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2020">June 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2020">July 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2020">August 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_September_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in September 2020">September 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_October_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in October 2020">October 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_November_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in November 2020">November 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_December_2020" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in December 2020">December 2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_January_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in January 2021">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_February_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in February 2021">February 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_March_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in March 2021">March 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_April_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in April 2021">April 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_May_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in May 2021">May 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_June_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in June 2021">June 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_July_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in July 2021">July 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_cases_in_August_2021" title="COVID-19 pandemic cases in August 2021">August 2021</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_deaths" title="COVID-19 pandemic deaths">deaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">World map by countries: confirmed per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China#Graphics" title="COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China">China</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_hospital_beds#Numbers" title="List of countries by hospital beds">Hospital beds by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#Table_of_pandemic_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">Lockdowns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Algeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Algeria medical cases chart">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Angola_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Angola medical cases chart">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Benin_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Benin medical cases chart">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Botswana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Botswana medical cases chart">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burkina_Faso_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burkina Faso medical cases chart">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Burundi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Burundi medical cases chart">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cameroon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cameroon medical cases chart">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Comoros_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Comoros medical cases chart">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Eswatini_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Eswatini medical cases chart">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ethiopia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ethiopia medical cases chart">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases">Ghana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ghana_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ghana medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ivory_Coast_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ivory Coast medical cases chart">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kenya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kenya medical cases chart">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Libya_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Libya medical cases chart">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malawi_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malawi medical cases chart">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mali_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mali medical cases chart">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritania medical cases chart">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mauritius_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mauritius medical cases chart">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Morocco_(including_occupied_Western_Sahara)_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara) medical cases chart">Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mozambique_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mozambique medical cases chart">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases">Nigera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nigeria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nigeria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/São Tomé and Príncipe medical cases chart">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Senegal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Senegal medical cases chart">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Seychelles_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Seychelles medical cases chart">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sierra_Leone_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sierra Leone medical cases chart">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Africa_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Africa medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Sudan medical cases chart">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sudan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sudan medical cases chart">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tanzania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tanzania medical cases chart">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Togo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Togo medical cases chart">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tunisia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tunisia medical cases chart">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uganda_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uganda medical cases chart">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zambia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zambia medical cases chart">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases">Zimbabwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Zimbabwe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Zimbabwe medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bolivia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bolivia medical cases">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brazil_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brazil medical cases">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Canada_vaccinations_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Canada vaccinations by province">vaccinations by province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Chile_medical_cases_by_commune" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Chile medical cases by commune">by commune</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Colombia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Colombia medical cases chart">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases">Costa Rica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Costa_Rica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Costa Rica medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cuba_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cuba medical cases chart">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Dominican_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Dominican Republic medical cases chart">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ecuador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ecuador medical cases chart">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/El_Salvador_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/El Salvador medical cases chart">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Guatemala_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Guatemala medical cases chart">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Haiti_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Haiti medical cases chart">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Honduras_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Honduras medical cases chart">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases">Mexico</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mexico_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mexico medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nicaragua_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nicaragua medical cases chart">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Panama_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Panama medical cases chart">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Paraguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Paraguay medical cases chart">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Peru_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Peru medical cases chart">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_States_medical_cases_by_state" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United States medical cases by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uruguay_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uruguay medical cases chart">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Venezuela_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Venezuela medical cases chart">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Afghanistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Afghanistan medical cases chart">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Armenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Armenia medical cases chart">Armenia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Artsakh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Artsakh medical cases chart">Artsakh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Azerbaijan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Azerbaijan medical cases chart">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bahrain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bahrain medical cases chart">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases chart">Bangladesh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bangladesh_medical_cases_by_division" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bangladesh medical cases by division">by division</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases">Bhutan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bhutan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bhutan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Brunei_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Brunei medical cases chart">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases">Cambodia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cambodia_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cambodia medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Mainland_China_medical_cases_map_(dots)" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Mainland China medical cases map (dots)">confirmed per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_lockdowns_in_mainland_China" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in mainland China">lockdowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/China_medical_cases_by_province" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/China medical cases by province">by province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hong_Kong_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hong Kong medical cases chart">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Macau_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Macau medical cases chart">Macau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/East_Timor_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/East Timor medical cases chart">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Egypt_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Egypt medical cases chart">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Georgia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Georgia medical cases chart">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/India_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/India medical cases chart">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Indonesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Indonesia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iran_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iran medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iraq_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iraq medical cases chart">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Israel_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Japan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Japan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Jordan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Jordan medical cases chart">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kazakhstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kazakhstan medical cases chart">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kuwait_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kuwait medical cases chart">Kuwait cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kyrgyzstan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kyrgyzstan medical cases chart">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Laos_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Laos medical cases">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lebanon_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lebanon medical cases chart">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malaysia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malaysia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Charts_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Malaysia" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Charts of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia">charts</a></li></ul></li> <li>Myanmar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Myanmar_medical_cases_summary" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Myanmar medical cases summary">summary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases">Nepal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Nepal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Nepal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases">Oman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Oman_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Oman medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Pakistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Pakistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases">Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_community_quarantines_in_the_Philippines" title="Template:COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines">areas of quarantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Philippines_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Philippines vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Qatar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Qatar medical cases chart">Qatar</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Saudi_Arabia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Saudi Arabia medical cases chart">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Singapore_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Singapore medical cases chart">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/South_Korea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/South Korea medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Korea_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:South Korea COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccinations charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sri_Lanka_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sri Lanka medical cases chart">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Syria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Syria medical cases chart">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Taiwan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Taiwan medical cases chart">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taiwan_COVID-19_vaccination_charts" title="Template:Taiwan COVID-19 vaccination charts">vaccination charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Tajikistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Tajikistan medical cases chart">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Thailand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Thailand medical cases chart">Thailand cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Arab_Emirates_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Arab Emirates medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Uzbekistan_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Uzbekistan medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vietnam_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vietnam medical cases chart">Vietnam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Yemen_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Yemen medical cases chart">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Europe_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Europe medical cases chart">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Albania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Albania medical cases chart">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases">Austria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Austria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Austria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belarus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belarus medical cases chart">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases">Belgium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Belgium_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Belgium medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bosnia and Herzegovina medical cases chart">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases">Bulgaria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Bulgaria_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Bulgaria medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Croatia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Croatia medical cases chart">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Cyprus_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Cyprus medical cases chart">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Czech_Republic_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Czech Republic medical cases chart">Czech Republic</a></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Denmark_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Denmark medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Faroe_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Faroe Islands medical cases chart">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Estonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Estonia medical cases chart">Estonia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Finland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Finland medical cases chart">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/France_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/France medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Germany_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Germany medical cases chart">Germany cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Greece_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Greece medical cases chart">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Hungary_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Hungary medical cases chart">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases">Iceland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Iceland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Iceland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases">Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Republic_of_Ireland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Republic of Ireland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_statistics_charts" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy statistics charts">statistics charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Italy_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Italy vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Kosovo_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Kosovo medical cases chart">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Latvia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Latvia medical cases chart">Latvia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Lithuania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Lithuania medical cases chart">Lithuania cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Luxembourg_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Luxembourg medical cases chart">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Malta_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Malta medical cases chart">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Moldova_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Moldova medical cases chart">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Monaco_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Monaco medical cases chart">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Montenegro_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Montenegro medical cases chart">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Netherlands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Netherlands medical cases chart">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/North_Macedonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/North Macedonia medical cases chart">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases">Norway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Norway_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Norway medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Poland_medical_cases_by_voivodeship" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Poland medical cases by voivodeship">by voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases">Portugal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Portugal_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Portugal medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Romania_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Romania medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Russia_medical_cases_by_federal_subject" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Russia medical cases by federal subject">by federal subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/San_Marino_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/San Marino medical cases chart">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Serbia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Serbia medical cases chart">Serbia</a></li> <li>Slovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovakia_medical_cases_by_region" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovakia medical cases by region">by region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Slovenia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Slovenia medical cases chart">Slovenia cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Spain_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Spain medical cases chart">Spain cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Sweden_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Sweden medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Switzerland_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Switzerland medical cases chart">Switzerland cases chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases">Turkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Turkey_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Turkey medical cases chart">cases chart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Ukraine_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Ukraine medical cases chart">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom medical cases">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Gibraltar_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Gibraltar medical cases chart">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations chart">vaccinations chart</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_daily_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations daily chart">daily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/United_Kingdom_vaccinations_weekly_by_nation_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/United Kingdom vaccinations weekly by nation chart">by nation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Vatican_City_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Vatican City medical cases chart">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Australia_cases_by_state/territory" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Australia cases by state/territory">Australia by state/territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Fiji_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Fiji medical cases chart">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/French_Polynesia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/French Polynesia medical cases chart">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Caledonia_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Caledonia medical cases chart">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/New_Zealand_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/New Zealand medical cases chart">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Papua_New_Guinea_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Papua New Guinea medical cases chart">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Solomon_Islands_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Solomon Islands medical cases chart">Solomon Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Antarctica_medical_cases_chart" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Antarctica medical cases chart">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:COVID-19_pandemic_data/Diamond_Princess_medical_cases" title="Template:COVID-19 pandemic data/Diamond Princess medical cases">Diamond Princess</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tax_resistance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tax_resistance" title="Template:Tax resistance"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tax_resistance" title="Template talk:Tax resistance"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tax_resistance" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tax resistance"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tax_resistance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objection_to_military_taxation" title="Conscientious objection to military taxation">Conscientious objection to military taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_acts_of_tax_resistance" title="List of historical acts of tax resistance">List of historical acts of tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance_in_the_United_States" title="Tax resistance in the United States">Tax resistance in the United States</a> .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tax_resisters" title="Category:Tax resisters">List of tax resisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barter" title="Barter">Barter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gift_economy" title="Gift economy">Gift economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_currency" title="Local currency">Local currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion" title="Rebellion">Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">Self-sufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_living" title="Simple living">Simple living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_avoidance" title="Tax avoidance">Tax avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_evasion" title="Tax evasion">Tax evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unreported_employment" title="Unreported employment">Unreported employment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiopizzo" title="Addiopizzo">Addiopizzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aide-toi,_le_ciel_t%27aidera" title="Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera">Aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Britain_Anti-Poll_Tax_Federation" title="All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation">All Britain Anti-Poll Tax Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Poll_Tax_Unions" title="Anti-Poll Tax Unions">Anti-Poll Tax Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Real_Estate_Taxpayers" title="Association of Real Estate Taxpayers">Association of Real Estate Taxpayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_Diu_Prou" title="Catalunya Diu Prou">Catalunya Diu Prou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Non-Violent_Action" title="Committee for Non-Violent Action">Committee for Non-Violent Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasci_Siciliani" title="Fasci Siciliani">Fasci Siciliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Pay_Movement" title="I Don't Pay Movement">I Don't Pay Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Land_League" title="Irish National Land League">Irish National Land League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Campaign_for_a_Peace_Tax_Fund" title="National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund">National Campaign for a Peace Tax Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_War_Tax_Resistance_Coordinating_Committee" title="National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee">National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California_War_Tax_Resistance" title="Northern California War Tax Resistance">Northern California War Tax Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagal_Panthis" title="Pagal Panthis">Pagal Panthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_churches" title="Peace churches">Peace churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peacemakers" title="Peacemakers">Peacemakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planka.nu" title="Planka.nu">Planka.nu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Tax_Resistance_League" title="Women's Tax Resistance League">Women's Tax Resistance League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuism" title="Zuism">Zuism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Act_of_Conscience" title="An Act of Conscience">An Act of Conscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Civil Disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericis_laicos" title="Clericis laicos">Clericis laicos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cold_War_and_the_Income_Tax:_A_Protest" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest">The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyborg_Manifesto" title="Vyborg Manifesto">Vyborg Manifesto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns by century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tuchin_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuchin Revolt">Tuchin Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harelle" title="Harelle">Harelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants' Revolt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Rebellion_of_1497" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish Rebellion of 1497">Cornish Rebellion of 1497</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croquant_rebellions" title="Croquant rebellions">Croquant rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rappenkrieg_(Basel)" title="Rappenkrieg (Basel)">Rappenkrieg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Pitauds" title="Revolt of the Pitauds">Revolt of the Pitauds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelets" title="Angelets">Angelets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_papier_timbr%C3%A9" title="Revolt of the papier timbré">Revolt of the papier timbré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_va-nu-pieds" title="Revolt of the va-nu-pieds">Revolt of the va-nu-pieds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Tax_Revolt" title="Salt Tax Revolt">Salt Tax Revolt</a> in Spain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_uprising_of_1648" title="Moscow uprising of 1648">Salt Riot</a> in Moscow</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fries%27s_Rebellion" title="Fries's Rebellion">Fries's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspee_affair" title="Gaspee affair">Gaspee affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_taxation_without_representation" title="No taxation without representation">No taxation without representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Tea_Party" title="Philadelphia Tea Party">Philadelphia Tea Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(New_Granada)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)">Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulator_Movement_in_North_Carolina" title="Regulator Movement in North Carolina">Regulator Movement in North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lotus_Rebellion" title="White Lotus Rebellion">White Lotus Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Rent_War" title="Anti-Rent War">Anti-Rent War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Tax_War" title="Dog Tax War">Dog Tax War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1810_House_Tax_Hartal" title="1810 House Tax Hartal">House Tax Hartal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hut_Tax_War_of_1898" title="Hut Tax War of 1898">Hut Tax War of 1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Rebellion" title="Low Rebellion">Low Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mejba_Revolt" title="Mejba Revolt">Mejba Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Riots" title="Rebecca Riots">Rebecca Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saminism_Movement" title="Saminism Movement">Saminism Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancament_de_Caixes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tancament de Caixes">Tancament de Caixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallachian_uprising_of_1821" title="Wallachian uprising of 1821">Wallachian uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agbekoya" title="Agbekoya">Agbekoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambatha_Rebellion" title="Bambatha Rebellion">Bambatha Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardoli_Satyagraha" title="Bardoli Satyagraha">Bardoli Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondelswarts_affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Bondelswarts affair">Bondelswarts affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champaran_Satyagraha" title="Champaran Satyagraha">Champaran Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheda_Satyagraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kheda Satyagraha">Kheda Satyagraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_cult" title="Johnson cult">Johnson cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_movement" title="Mau movement">Mau movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poll_Tax_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Poll Tax Riots">Poll Tax Riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplar_Rates_Rebellion" title="Poplar Rates Rebellion">Poplar Rates Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turra_Coo" title="Turra Coo">Turra Coo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_March" title="Salt March">Salt March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedaranyam_March" title="Vedaranyam March">Vedaranyam March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_poll_tax_repeal_movement" title="Women's poll tax repeal movement">Women's poll tax repeal movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_War" title="Women's War">Women's War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Greece" title="Anti-austerity movement in Greece">Anti-austerity movement in Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bin_Tax_Campaign" title="Anti-Bin Tax Campaign">Anti-Bin Tax Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_and_Elaine_Brown" title="Edward and Elaine Brown">Edward and Elaine Brown standoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnets_Rouges" title="Bonnets Rouges">Bonnets Rouges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Home_and_Water_Taxes" title="Campaign Against Home and Water Taxes">Campaign Against Home and Water Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movimento_Passe_Livre" title="Movimento Passe Livre">Movimento Passe Livre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movimiento_Pos_Me_Salto" title="Movimiento Pos Me Salto">Movimiento Pos Me Salto</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yellow vests protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Income_tax_threshold" title="Income tax threshold">Income tax threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potentially_dangerous_taxpayer" title="Potentially dangerous taxpayer">Potentially dangerous taxpayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar" title="Render unto Caesar">Render unto Caesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Schiff" title="Irwin Schiff">Irwin Schiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Freeman_on_the_land_movement" title="Freeman on the land movement">Freeman on the land</a> / <a href="/wiki/Redemption_movement" title="Redemption movement">Redemption movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">Tax haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_inversion" title="Tax inversion">Tax inversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_noncompliance" title="Tax noncompliance">Tax noncompliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_protester" title="Tax protester">Tax protester</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_arguments" title="Tax protester arguments">arguments</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tax_protester_history_in_the_United_States" title="Tax protester history in the United States">history in the United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_riot" title="Tax riot">Tax riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_as_slavery" title="Taxation as slavery">Taxation as slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_as_theft" title="Taxation as theft">Taxation as theft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58805164#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17785746f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb17785746f">BnF 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[\"CITEREFBernardMagnenou2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlandine_Le_Cain2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlewett2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBonnetDelaporteGodinRouget2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBost2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBourdonPolloniRougetSchirer2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreeden2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBéatrice_GiblinGuillaume_Erner2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCRISIS2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCallisonManfredi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarter2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCayla2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChernykhBuranov2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCheung\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChrisafis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChrisafis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCigainero2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClaire_Mayer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConnor2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoquaz2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCorbet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCotton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraggs2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrosbie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamien_Durand2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeVore2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_ClercqPaone2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDe_Fournas2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDebuire2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDehimi2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomoney2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDormagenPion2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDriscoll2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDurand2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDécugis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEditorial_Board2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmmanuel_FanstenWilly_Le_DevinIsmaël_Halissat2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmmanuel_Macron2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnguérand_Renault2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEric_Nunès2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEtancelin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEva_TapieroMatthew_RobinsonLaura_Smith-Spark\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvens_Salies2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEverington2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFF.L.2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarber2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFareed_Zakaria2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFelix2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkielkraut2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlora_Chaduc2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlorent_Deligia2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoxAmiel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrance_Bleu2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranque2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrançois_Chrétien2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrédéric_Lordon2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrédérick_Potet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGamet2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilets_Jaunes2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldsbie2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoswami2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGregory_ViscusiHelene_Fouquet2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGribkoff2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGruyter2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHadrien_Mathoux2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHagay_Hacohen2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamza_Hendawi_(AP)2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenley2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry_Mance2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHensen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHouel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowells2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuang\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacob_Hamburger2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanene_Pieters2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean-Gabriel_Bontinckles_éditions_départementales2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJean-Pierre_Stroobants\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Lichfield2018\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFJuliette_Garnier2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJérôme_Mornière2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKabir_Chibber2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarl_Laske2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhandaker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL\u0026#039;Obs2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLangendonck2021\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFLatimer2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_FigaroAFP2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_MondeAFP2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemarié2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonardo_Bianchi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLes_Decodeurs2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLichfield2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLinda_Givetash2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLorne_CookMark_Carlson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughCarraud2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLoughPaone2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucie_Soullier2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLucy_Williamson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLum2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLutonsContreLeFn2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuxmore2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMLLT2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaher2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahmood2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMangan2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargaux_Baralon2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarie-Hélène_Miauton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMark_Lynas2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarlowe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMasseron2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatamoros2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathilde_Cousin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathilde_DamgéAnne-Aël_DurandMaxime_VaudanoJérémie_Baruch2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaxon2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMazoue\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcAuley2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcKay2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMillan2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMussett2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNEOnline2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeda_Kurjački2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicolas\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicolas_BeunaicheBérangère_LepetitSébastien_Lernould2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicolas_Chapuis2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordstrom2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorth992019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNossiter2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Reilly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOscanAsiranAltuntas2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPair2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatriquin2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Carcenac2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPauline_Bock2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetrequin2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierre_Dezeraud2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPierre_Rimbert2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRaphaël_Tual2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRascouetViscusi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodriguez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomain_Brunet2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomain_Bruny2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoseBaker2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinSengupta2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRémi_Carlier2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarah_El_Deeb2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchrader\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerge_Pueyo2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSerge_Rafy2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFService_Politique2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiraud2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSlate2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSofiane_Aissaoui2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpire2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStaff2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStangler2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor_Luck2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThibaut_LehutFrance_BleuFrance_Blue_Pays_d\u0026#039;Auvergne\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThomas_Wieder2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrew2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVandoorne2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidalon2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFVilars2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVincent_Glad2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFViscusi2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWalt2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeill2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliamson2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWillsher2018\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFWillsher2019\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFZ.L.2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFchatnewstoday@socastdigital.com\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Poulpiquet2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFlepoint.fr2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFzbeul2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFÉtienne_Girard2018\"] = 1,\n [\"ref\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Age in years, months and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"COVID-19 pandemic\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 229,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 166,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 3,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Emmanuel Macron sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 6,\n [\"Flagu\"] = 33,\n [\"Formatnum:4439\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Infobox civil conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 3,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 5,\n [\"Missing information\"] = 4,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 2,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Subscription required\"] = 1,\n [\"Tax resistance\"] = 1,\n [\"To USD round\"] = 12,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","680","22.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","11.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","300","9.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","200","6.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","180","5.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","160","5.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","160","5.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","3.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","80","2.6"],["[others]","720","23.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nhjg5","timestamp":"20241124054008","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Yellow vests protests","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yellow_vests_protests","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58805164","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58805164","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-11-19T06:12:25Z","dateModified":"2024-11-20T10:56:17Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/06\/2018-12-29_14-58-30_manif-GJ-Belfort.jpg","headline":"2018 social movement started in France"}</script> </body> </html>