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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" > 26 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillopov%C3%A1" title="Mary MacKillopová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mary MacKillopová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC_%EB%A7%A4%ED%82%AC%EB%9F%BD" title="메리 매킬럽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메리 매킬럽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_wa_Msalaba_MacKillop" title="Maria wa Msalaba MacKillop – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maria wa Msalaba MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="മേരി മക്കില്ലോപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മേരി മക്കില്ലോപ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8" title="مارى ماكيلوب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارى ماكيلوب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_MacKillop" title="Maria MacKillop – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maria MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AD%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="メアリー・マッキロップ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メアリー・マッキロップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ACa_MacKillop" title="Marìa MacKillop – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Marìa MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_MacKillop" title="Maria MacKillop – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Maria MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Маккиллоп, Мария – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маккиллоп, Мария" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillopov%C3%A1" title="Mary MacKillopová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mary MacKillopová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_MacKillop" title="Mary MacKillop – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mary MacKillop" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="மேரி மக்கிலொப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேரி மக்கிலொப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian religious sister and saint (1842–1909)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Mary MacKillop</div> <div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St_Joseph_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart">RSJ</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_MacKillop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_MacKillop.jpg/200px-Mary_MacKillop.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_MacKillop.jpg/300px-Mary_MacKillop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_MacKillop.jpg/400px-Mary_MacKillop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="600" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Mother Mary of the Cross (1869)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1842-01-15)15 January 1842 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Newtown, Melbourne, New South Wales (now <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Victoria" title="Fitzroy, Victoria">Fitzroy, Victoria</a>, Australia)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 August 1909(1909-08-08) (aged 67) <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney, New South Wales</a>, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">19 January 1995, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, New South Wales by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data">17 October 2010, <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mary MacKillop Place, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 August</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Australia<a href="#cite_note-Aus_Patron-1">[1]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Brisbane" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane">Archdiocese of Brisbane</a><a href="#cite_note-Brisbaned_Patron-2">[2]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Knights_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Knights of the Southern Cross">Knights of the Southern Cross</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Mary Helen MacKillop <a href="/wiki/Religious_Sister_of_St_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Sister of St Joseph">RSJ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">in religion</a> Mary of the Cross; 15 January 1842 – 8 August 1909) was an Australian <a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">religious sister</a> of <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> descent. She was born in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> but is best known for her activities in <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>. Together with Fr <a href="/wiki/Julian_Tenison-Woods" title="Julian Tenison-Woods">Julian Tenison-Woods</a>, she founded the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St_Joseph_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart">Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart</a> (the Josephites), a <a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">congregation</a> of religious sisters that established a number of schools and welfare institutions throughout Australia and New Zealand, with an emphasis on education for the rural poor. The process to have MacKillop declared a saint began in the 1920s, and she was <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> in January 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> prayed at her tomb during his visit to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> for <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">World Youth Day 2008</a> and in December 2009 approved the Catholic Church's recognition of a second miracle attributed to her <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> She was <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonised</a> on 17 October 2010, during a public ceremony in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter%27s_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Peter's Square">St Peter's Square</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SMH-saint-4">[4]</a> She is the first Australian Catholic saint.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Mary MacKillop is the patron saint of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Brisbane" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane">Archdiocese of Brisbane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brisbaned_Patron-2">[2]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career">edit</a>]</div> Mary Helen MacKillop was born on 15 January 1842 in what is now the Melbourne <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fitzroy,_Victoria" title="Fitzroy, Victoria">Fitzroy, Victoria</a> (at the time part of an area called Newtown in the then British colony of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>), to Alexander MacKillop and Flora MacDonald.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> Although she continued to be known as "Mary", when she was baptised six weeks later she received the names Maria Ellen.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> MacKillop's parents lived in <a href="/wiki/Roybridge" title="Roybridge">Roybridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: Drochaid Ruaidh), <a href="/wiki/Lochaber" title="Lochaber">Lochaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverness-shire" title="Inverness-shire">Inverness-shire</a>, Scotland, prior to emigrating to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Others on both sides of the family had emigrated previously. MacKillop visited the village in the 1870s where St Margaret's, the local parish church of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Argyll_and_the_Isles" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles">Roman Catholic Diocese of Argyll and the Isles</a>, now has a shrine to her.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> MacKillop's father, Alexander MacKillop, was born in <a href="/wiki/Perthshire" title="Perthshire">Perthshire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> He began his studies for the priesthood at age twelve, and two years later went to the <a href="/wiki/The_Scots_College_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Scots College (Rome)">Scots College</a> in Rome; he also studied at <a href="/wiki/Blairs_College" title="Blairs College">Blairs College</a> in Kincardineshire, but at the age of 29 left, just before he was due to be <a href="/wiki/Holy_Orders" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Orders">ordained</a>. He migrated to Australia and arrived in Sydney in 1838.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> MacKillop's mother, Flora MacDonald, born in <a href="/wiki/Fort_William,_Scotland" title="Fort William, Scotland">Fort William</a>, had left Scotland and arrived in Melbourne in 1840.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> Her father and mother married in Melbourne on 14 July 1840. MacKillop was the eldest of their eight children. Her younger siblings were Margaret ("Maggie", 1843–1872), John (1845–1867), Annie (1848–1929), Alexandrina ("Lexie", 1850–1882), Donald (1853–1925), Alick (who died at 11 months old) and Peter (1857–1878).<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> Donald became a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest and worked among the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal</a> peoples in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. Lexie became a member of the Good Shepherd Sisters in Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-11">[11]</a> MacKillop was educated at private schools and by her father. She received her <a href="/wiki/First_Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="First Holy Communion">First Holy Communion</a> on 15 August 1850 at the age of nine. In February 1851, Alexander MacKillop left his family behind after having mortgaged the farm and their livelihood and made a trip to Scotland lasting some 17 months. Throughout his life he was a loving father and husband but not successful as either a farmer or gold prospector. Consequently, the family faced many hardships.<a href="#cite_note-Coleman-11">[11]</a> MacKillop started work at the age of 16 as a clerk in a stationery store in Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> To provide for her needy family, in 1860 she took a job as governess<a href="#cite_note-sosjms-12">[12]</a> at the estate of her aunt and uncle, Margaret MacKillop Cameron and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cameron_(pioneer)" title="Alexander Cameron (pioneer)">Alexander Cameron</a> in <a href="/wiki/Penola,_South_Australia" title="Penola, South Australia">Penola, South Australia</a>, where she was to look after their children and teach them.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> Already set on helping the poor whenever possible, she included the other farm children on the Cameron estate as well. This brought her into contact with Fr Julian Tenison-Woods, who had been the parish priest in the south east since his ordination to the priesthood in 1857 after completing his studies at <a href="/wiki/Sevenhill" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevenhill">Sevenhill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> MacKillop stayed for two years with the Camerons before accepting a job teaching the children of <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland, Victoria</a> in 1862. Later she taught at the Portland school and after opening her own boarding school, Bay View House Seminary for Young Ladies, now Bayview College, in 1864,<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> was joined by the rest of her family. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Founding_of_school_and_religious_congregation">Founding of school and religious congregation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding of school and religious congregation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg/170px-MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg/255px-MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg/340px-MaryMackillopMuseum0002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>MacKillop museum on Mount Street, <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney</a></figcaption></figure> In 1866, Julian Tenison-Woods invited MacKillop and her sisters Annie and Lexie to come to <a href="/wiki/Penola,_South_Australia" title="Penola, South Australia">Penola</a> and to open a Catholic school.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> Woods was appointed director of education and became the founder, along with MacKillop, of a school they opened in a stable there. After renovations by their brother, the MacKillops started teaching more than 50 children.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-BioGrowth-16">[16]</a> At this time MacKillop made a declaration of her dedication to God and began wearing black.<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a> On 21 November 1866, the feast day of the <a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Mary" title="Presentation of Mary">Presentation of Mary</a>, several other women joined MacKillop and her sisters. MacKillop adopted the <a href="/wiki/Religious_name" title="Religious name">religious name</a> of "Sister Mary of the Cross" and she and Lexie began wearing simple religious habits. The small group began to call themselves the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> and moved to a new house in <a href="/wiki/Grote_Street,_Adelaide" class="mw-redirect" title="Grote Street, Adelaide">Grote Street, Adelaide</a>. There they founded a new school at the request of the bishop, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Sheil" title="Laurence Sheil">Laurence Sheil</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordo_Fratrum_Minorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordo Fratrum Minorum">OFM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sosjms-12">[12]</a> The "rule of life" developed by Woods and MacKillop for the community emphasized poverty, a dependence on divine providence, no ownership of personal belongings, faith that God would provide and willingness to go where needed.<a href="#cite_note-BioBeginnings-6">[6]</a> The rule of life was approved by Bishop Sheil. By the end of 1867, ten other women had joined the Josephites, who adopted a plain brown <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">religious habit</a>. Due to the colour of their attire and their name, the Josephite sisters became colloquially known as the "<a href="/wiki/Joey_(marsupial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Joey (marsupial)">Brown Joeys</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion_of_the_Sisters_of_St_Joseph">Expansion of the Sisters of St Joseph</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion of the Sisters of St Joseph">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg/170px-Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg/255px-Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg/340px-Mary_Mackillop_Memorial_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Mary MacKillop Chapel in <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney</a>, which holds MacKillop's tomb</figcaption></figure> In an attempt to provide education to all the poor, particularly in rural areas, a school was opened in <a href="/wiki/Yankalilla,_South_Australia" title="Yankalilla, South Australia">Yankalilla, South Australia</a>, in October 1867. By the end of 1869, more than 70 members of the Sisters of St Joseph were educating children at 21 schools in Adelaide and the country. MacKillop and her Josephites were also involved with an <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanage</a>; neglected children; girls in danger; the aged poor; a reformatory (in Johnstown near Kapunda); and a home for the aged and incurably ill.<a href="#cite_note-MMKSum-18">[18]</a> Generally, the Josephite sisters were prepared to follow farmers, railway workers and miners into the isolated <a href="/wiki/Outback" title="Outback">outback</a> and live as they lived. In December 1869, MacKillop and several other sisters travelled to Brisbane to establish the order in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BioGrowth-16">[16]</a> They were based at <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Point,_Queensland" title="Kangaroo Point, Queensland">Kangaroo Point</a> and took the ferry or rowed across the <a href="/wiki/Brisbane_River" title="Brisbane River">Brisbane River</a> to attend Mass at <a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_of_St_Stephen,_Brisbane" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cathedral of St Stephen, Brisbane">St Stephen's Cathedral</a>. Two years later, she was in <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a>, South Australia for the same purpose. The Josephite congregation expanded rapidly and, by 1871, 130 sisters were working in more than 40 schools and charitable institutions across South Australia and Queensland.<a href="#cite_note-MMKSum-18">[18]</a> MacKillop clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Brisbane" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Bishop of Brisbane">Roman Catholic Bishop of Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Quinn_(bishop)" title="James Quinn (bishop)">James Quinn</a>, over the control of the many schools she established; MacKillop believed the sisters should control the schools while Quinn believed the diocese should control them. In 1879, relationships between them had deteriorated to the point that Quinn directed the sisters to leave his diocese. Despite protests by the laity, Quinn was determined and MacKillop and her Josephite sisters had left the diocese by mid-1880 with other Catholic orders taking over the operation of their schools. When the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Rockhampton" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Rockhampton">Diocese of Rockhampton</a> was excised from the Brisbane diocese on 29 December 1882, it enabled MacKillop and her sisters to return to Queensland, where they established a school in <a href="/wiki/Clermont,_Queensland" title="Clermont, Queensland">Clermont</a> and then in other places within the new diocese.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1881, Elzear Torreggiani, then Bishop of Armidale and a Capuchin who had worked in both North Wales at Pantasaph and London at Peckham, prior to being consecrated in London in 1879, for the Armidale Diocese; established Mother Mary MacKillop's Sisters of St Joseph at Tenterfield and defended their power of central government at the 1885<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Plenary Council.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> During the time Torreggiani was Bishop of Armidale the Sisters of St Joseph established foundations at Tenterfield (1880), Inverell (1880), Narrabri (1882), Glen Innes (1883), Uralla (1886), Quirindi (1888), Hillgrove (1889), Tingha (1890), Bingara (1902), Walgett (1902), Warialda (1904) and Manilla (1904).<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Subsequently, the sisters established Bundarra (1908), Barraba (1910), Boggabri (1911), Tamworth West (1919), Dungowan (1930), Tamworth South (1954), Lightning Ridge (1980), Mungindi (1995) and Attunga (1995). Wee Waa and Werris Creek were also "Motor Mission" centres.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excommunication">Excommunication</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Excommunication">edit</a>]</div> Bishop Sheil spent less than two years of his episcopate in Adelaide and his absences and poor health left the diocese effectively without clear leadership for much of his tenure. This resulted in bitter factionalisms within the clergy and disunity among the lay community. After the founding of the Josephites, Sheil appointed Fr Julian Woods as director general of Catholic education.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In Sept 2010, Fr Paul Gardiner,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> historian and chaplain with the Mary MacKillop Penola Centre <a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> told Australian media that in 1871 Mary MacKillop had been banished following a series of events, including her uncovering and reporting clergy child sex abuse.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Gardiner explained that after hearing disturbing stories of alleged child abuse involving Fr Keating of the Kapunda parish in South Australia, MacKillop and other nuns spoke to Father Woods, who in turn approached the Vicar General in Adelaide. As a result, Keating was removed from his parish and sent back to Ireland where he continued as a priest. One of Keating's fellow priests, Father <a href="/wiki/Charles_Horan" title="Charles Horan">Charles Horan</a> OFM, was so angered by what Woods and the Josephites had exposed, he swore vengeance on them. In addition to reporting the child abuse, Fr Woods and the Josephites also came into conflict with some clergy over educational matters<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a> and local clergy began a campaign to discredit the Josephites. As well as allegations of financial incompetence, rumours were also spread that MacKillop had a drinking problem. A 2010 investigation by Fr Paul Gardiner found no evidence to support these allegations.<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a> In fact, it was widely known that she drank alcohol on doctor's orders to relieve the symptoms of <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhea</a>, which often led to her being bedridden for days at a time. Father Horan met with Sheil on 21 September 1871 and convinced him that the Josephites' constitution should be changed in a way that could have left the Josephite nuns homeless; the following day, when MacKillop apparently did not accede to the request, Sheil <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicated</a> her, citing insubordination as the reason.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc_uncovering-29">[29]</a> Candid coverage in the Catholic newspaper <a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Harp_and_Farmers%27_Herald" title="The Irish Harp and Farmers' Herald">The Irish Harp and Farmers' Herald</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> earned for its editor <a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox_(editor)" title="Charles James Fox (editor)">C. J. Fox</a> ostracism and expulsion from the Catholic Association of which he was president.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Though the Josephites were not disbanded, most of their schools were closed in the wake of this action.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a> Forbidden to have contact with anyone in the church, MacKillop was given the rent-free use of two houses in <a href="/wiki/Flinders_Street,_Adelaide" title="Flinders Street, Adelaide">Flinders Street, Adelaide</a> by prominent Jewish merchant <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Solomon" title="Emanuel Solomon">Emanuel Solomon</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and was also sheltered by <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> priests. Some of the sisters chose to remain under <a href="/wiki/Diocesan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocesan">diocesan</a> control, becoming popularly known as "Black Joeys".<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> On his deathbed, Sheil instructed Horan to lift the excommunication on MacKillop.<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a> On 21 February 1872, he met her on his way to <a href="/wiki/Willunga,_South_Australia" title="Willunga, South Australia">Willunga</a> and absolved her in the <a href="/wiki/Morphett_Vale" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphett Vale">Morphett Vale</a> church.<a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Episcopate" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopate">episcopal commission</a> later completely exonerated her. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rome">Rome</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Rome">edit</a>]</div> After the acquisition of the Mother House in Kensington in 1872, MacKillop made preparations to leave for Rome to have the "Rule of Life" of the Sisters of St Joseph officially approved. MacKillop travelled to Rome in 1873 to seek papal approval for the <a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">religious congregation</a> and was encouraged in her work by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IX" title="Pope Pius IX">Pope Pius IX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a> The authorities in Rome made changes to the way Josephite sisters lived in regards to their commitment to poverty<a href="#cite_note-MMKSum-18">[18]</a> and declared that the superior general and her council were the authorities in charge of the congregation.<a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> They assured MacKillop that the congregation and their "Rule of Life" would receive final approval after a trial period.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a> The resulting alterations to the "Rule of Life" regarding ownership of property caused a breach between MacKillop and Woods, who felt that the revised document compromised the ideal of vowed poverty and blamed MacKillop for not getting the document accepted in its original form.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> Before Woods' death on 7 October 1889, he and MacKillop were personally reconciled, but he did not renew his involvement with the congregation.<a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> While in Europe, MacKillop travelled widely to observe educational methods.<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a> During this period, the Josephites expanded their operations into <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> and New Zealand. MacKillop relocated to Sydney in 1883 on the instruction of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Augustine_Reynolds" title="Christopher Augustine Reynolds">Bishop Reynolds</a> of Adelaide.<a href="#cite_note-MMKSum-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_from_Rome">Return from Rome</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Return from Rome">edit</a>]</div> When MacKillop returned to Australia in January 1875, after an absence of nearly two years, she brought approval from Rome for her sisters and the work they did, materials for her school, books for the convent library, several priests and most of all, 15 new Josephites from Ireland. Regardless of her success, she still had to contend with the opposition of priests and several bishops. This did not change after her unanimous election as superior general in March 1875.<a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> The Josephites were unusual among Catholic church ministries in two ways. Firstly, the sisters lived in the community rather than in convents. Secondly the congregation's constitutions required administration by a superior general chosen from within the congregation rather than by the bishop, which was uncommon in its day. However, the issues which caused friction were that the Josephites refused to accept government funding, would not teach instrumental music (then considered an essential part of education by the church) and were unwilling to educate girls from more affluent families. This structure resulted in the sisters being forced to leave <a href="/wiki/Bathurst,_New_South_Wales" title="Bathurst, New South Wales">Bathurst</a> in 1876 and <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> by 1880 due to the local bishops' refusal to accept this working structure.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> Notwithstanding all the trouble, the congregation did expand. By 1877, it operated more than 40 schools in and around Adelaide, with many others in Queensland and New South Wales. With the help from Benson, Barr Smith, the Baker family, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Solomon" title="Emanuel Solomon">Emanuel Solomon</a> and other non-Catholics, the Josephites, with MacKillop as their leader and superior general, were able to continue the religious and other good works, including visiting prisoners in jail. After the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Vaughan_(archbishop)" title="Roger Vaughan (archbishop)">Roger Vaughan</a> as Archbishop of Sydney in 1877, life became a little easier for MacKillop and her sisters. Until his death in 1882, the Revd Joseph Tappeiner had given MacKillop his solid support and, until 1883, she also had the support of <a href="/wiki/Bishop_Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Reynolds">Bishop Reynolds</a> of Adelaide. After the death of Vaughan in 1883, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Francis_Moran" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Francis Moran">Patrick Francis Moran</a> became archbishop. Although he had a somewhat positive outlook toward the Josephites, he removed MacKillop as superior general and replaced her with Bernard Walsh.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-MMKSum-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> gave official approval to the Josephites as a congregation in 1885, with its headquarters in Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-BioChallenge-34">[34]</a> On 31 May 1886, Mary MacKillop's mother, Flora MacKillop was travelling from Melbourne to Sydney in the SS Ly-ee-Moon, to visit Mary and another daughter who was also a nun. The ship struck a reef near the <a href="/wiki/Green_Cape_Lighthouse" title="Green Cape Lighthouse">Green Cape Lighthouse</a>. Flora, along with 70 others, died.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Pope Leo XIII gave the final approval to the Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart in 1888.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a> Although still living through <a href="/wiki/Alms" title="Alms">alms</a>, the Josephite sisters had been very successful. In South Australia, they had schools in many country towns including, <a href="/wiki/Willunga,_South_Australia" title="Willunga, South Australia">Willunga</a>, Willochra, <a href="/wiki/Whyte_Yarcowie" class="mw-redirect" title="Whyte Yarcowie">Yarcowie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mintaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Mintaro">Mintaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auburn,_South_Australia" title="Auburn, South Australia">Auburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_South_Australia" title="Jamestown, South Australia">Jamestown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laura,_South_Australia" title="Laura, South Australia">Laura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sevenhill" class="mw-redirect" title="Sevenhill">Sevenhill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quorn,_South_Australia" title="Quorn, South Australia">Quorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spalding,_South_Australia" title="Spalding, South Australia">Spalding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_South_Australia" title="Georgetown, South Australia">Georgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robe,_South_Australia" title="Robe, South Australia">Robe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pekina" title="Pekina">Pekina</a>, Appila and several others. MacKillop continued her work for the Josephites in Sydney and tried to provide as much support as possible for those in South Australia. In 1883 the order was successfully established at <a href="/wiki/Temuka" title="Temuka">Temuka</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, where MacKillop stayed for over a year. In 1880, sisters from Perthville opened a boarding school in <a href="/wiki/Whanganui" title="Whanganui">Whanganui</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> In 1889 the community was also established in the Australian state of <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>. During all these years MacKillop assisted Mother Bernard with the management of the Sisters of St Joseph. She wrote letters of support, advice and encouragement or just to keep in touch. By 1896, MacKillop was back in South Australia, visiting fellow sisters in <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burra,_South_Australia" title="Burra, South Australia">Burra</a>, Pekina, <a href="/wiki/Kapunda" title="Kapunda">Kapunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_South_Australia" title="Jamestown, South Australia">Jamestown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gladstone,_South_Australia" title="Gladstone, South Australia">Gladstone</a>. That same year, she travelled again to New Zealand, spending several months in <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a> in <a href="/wiki/Otago" title="Otago">Otago</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10680874-40">[40]</a> During her time in New Zealand with the Sisters of St Joseph, a school was established in Arrowtown, near Queenstown, South Island. Located in the grounds of St Patrick's Church, the small yellow cottage now known as Mary MacKillop cottage was originally built as a miner's house around 1870. It was bought by the church and incorporated into the church school in 1882 and then in 1897, MacKillop had the cottage and some of the school converted to a convent for the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart who worked in New Zealand.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint_Mary_MacKillop,_1890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg/220px-Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg/330px-Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg/440px-Saint_Mary_MacKillop%2C_1890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Saint Mary MacKillop, 1890</figcaption></figure> In 1897, <a href="/wiki/James_Maher_(cleric)" title="James Maher (cleric)">Bishop Maher</a> of Port Augusta arranged for the Sisters of St Joseph to take charge of the St Anacletus Catholic Day School at Petersburg (now <a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_South_Australia" title="Peterborough, South Australia">Peterborough</a>). MacKillop founded a convent and base for the Sisters of St Joseph in Petersburg on 16 January 1897. "On January 16th, 1897, the founder of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart, Mother Mary of the Cross,<a href="#cite_note-ADB-28">[28]</a> arrived in Petersburg to take over the school. She was accompanied by fellow Sisters Benizi (who was placed in charge of the school), M. Joseph, Clotilde and Aloysius Joseph. They were met at the station by the priest Norton who took them to the newly blessed convent, purchased for them on Railway Terrace."<a href="#cite_note-40RailwayTerrace-42">[42]</a> The property at 40 Railway Terrace is identified as the convent by a plaque placed by the Catholic diocese of Peterborough.<a href="#cite_note-40RailwayTerrace-42">[42]</a> After the death of Mother Bernard, MacKillop was once more elected unopposed as superior general in 1899,<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a> a position she held until her own death. During the later years of her life she had many problems with her health which continued to deteriorate. She developed <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a> and after a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> in <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, New Zealand, in 1902, became paralysed on her right side. For seven years, she had to rely on a wheelchair to move around, but her speech and mind were as good as ever and her letter writing had continued unabated after she learned to write with her left hand. Even after her stroke, the Josephite nuns had enough confidence in her to re-elect her in 1905. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg/220px-Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg/330px-Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg/440px-Klarfeld_First_Australian_Saint_St_Mary_Mackillop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Life-size bronze statue of St Mary Mackillop by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Linda_Klarfeld" title="Linda Klarfeld">Linda Klarfeld</a> at the Australian Catholic University in North Sydney</figcaption></figure> MacKillop died on 8 August 1909 at the Josephite convent in <a href="/wiki/North_Sydney,_New_South_Wales" title="North Sydney, New South Wales">North Sydney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sosjms-12">[12]</a> The Archbishop of Sydney, Cardinal Moran, said: "I consider this day to have assisted at the deathbed of a saint."<a href="#cite_note-Vermeer-17">[17]</a> She was laid to rest at the <a href="/wiki/Gore_Hill_Cemetery" title="Gore Hill Cemetery">Gore Hill Cemetery</a>, a few kilometres up the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Highway,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Highway, Australia">Pacific Highway</a> from North Sydney. After MacKillop's burial, people continually took earth from around her grave. As a result, her remains were <a href="/wiki/Exhumation" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhumation">exhumed</a> and transferred on 27 January 1914 to a <a href="/wiki/Burial_vault_(tomb)" title="Burial vault (tomb)">vault</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin Mary">Virgin Mary</a> in the newly built memorial chapel in Mount Street, North Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The vault was a gift of Joanna Barr Smith, a lifelong friend and admiring <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonisation_and_commemoration">Canonisation and commemoration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canonisation and commemoration">edit</a>]</div> In 1925, the Mother Superior of the Sisters of St Joseph, Mother Laurence, began the process to have MacKillop declared a saint and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kelly_(bishop)" title="Michael Kelly (bishop)">Michael Kelly</a>, Archbishop of Sydney, established a tribunal to carry the process forward. The process for MacKillop's beatification began in 1926, was interrupted in 1931 but began again in April 1951 and was closed in September of that year. After several years of hearings, close examination of MacKillop's writings and a 23-year delay, the initial phase of investigations was completed in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> A longtime and prominent non-Catholic promoter of her cause was poet-bookseller <a href="/wiki/Max_Harris_(poet)" title="Max Harris (poet)">Max Harris</a>. After further investigations, MacKillop's "<a href="/wiki/Heroic_virtue" title="Heroic virtue">heroic virtue</a>" was declared in 1992. That same year, the church endorsed the belief that Veronica Hopson, apparently dying of leukaemia in 1961, was cured by praying for MacKillop's <a href="/wiki/Intercession_of_saints" title="Intercession of saints">intercession</a>; MacKillop was <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> on 19 January 1995 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ewtn-15">[15]</a> For the occasion of the beatification, the Croatian-Australian artist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Billich" title="Charles Billich">Charles Billich</a> was commissioned to paint MacKillop's official commemorative.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> On 19 December 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a> issued a <a href="/wiki/Papal_decree" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal decree">papal decree</a> formally recognising a second miracle, the complete and permanent cure of Kathleen Evans<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> of inoperable lung and secondary brain cancer in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-Maley2009-12-20-47">[47]</a> Kathleen Evans went on to publish in 2012 with Penguin Books, "The Story Behind Saint Mary MacKillop's second Miracle."<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Her <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonisation</a> was announced on 19 February 2010 and subsequently took place on 17 October 2010.<a href="#cite_note-ABC2010-02-19-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recognition">edit</a>]</div> In the week leading up to her canonisation, the Australian federal government announced that it was protecting the use of MacKillop's name for commercial purposes.<a href="#cite_note-NameProtect2-50">[50]</a> According to a statement from the office of the Prime Minister of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a>, the only other individual Australian whose name has similar protection is Australian cricket legend Sir <a href="/wiki/Donald_Bradman" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Bradman">Donald Bradman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NameProtect3-51">[51]</a> Australia Post issued an official postage stamp to recognise MacKillop's canonisation.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg/220px-Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg/330px-Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg/440px-Mary_mackillop_rose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>The Mary MacKillop rose</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg/220px-Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg/330px-Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg/440px-Diver_Derrik_and_Mary_McKillop_bridges_open_in_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3006" data-file-height="2004" /></a><figcaption>The rail portion of the <a href="/wiki/Tom_%27Diver%27_Derrick_Bridge" title="Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge">Tom 'Diver' Derrick Bridge</a>, which opened in <a href="/wiki/Port_River" title="Port River">Port River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a> in 2008, is named after MacKillop</figcaption></figure> An estimated 8,000 Australians were present in <a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> to witness the ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-Pilgrims-53">[53]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Museum">Vatican Museum</a> held an exhibition of <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal art">Aboriginal art</a> to honour the occasion titled "Rituals of Life".<a href="#cite_note-Vat-Art-54">[54]</a> The exhibition contained 300 artifacts which were on display for the first time since 1925.<a href="#cite_note-BPN-Rudd-55">[55]</a> MacKillop is remembered in numerous ways, particularly in Australia. Things named for her include the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_MacKillop" title="Electoral district of MacKillop">electoral district of MacKillop</a> in South Australia and several <a href="/wiki/MacKillop_College_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="MacKillop College (disambiguation)">MacKillop colleges</a>. In 1985, the Sisters of St Joseph approached one of Australia's foremost rose growers to develop the Mary MacKillop Rose.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> MacKillop was the subject of the first of the "Inspirational Australians" one dollar coin series, released by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Mint" title="Royal Australian Mint">Royal Australian Mint</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-RAM-57">[57]</a> Several Australian composers have written sacred music to celebrate MacKillop. For the occasion of her beatification the MacKillop Secretariat commissioned eight composers in 1994 to write some of the first liturgical hymns to MacKillop. These were published in 1995 by the Secretariat as an anthology entitled If I Could Tell The Love of God.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Hymns specifically used in St Mary of the Cross celebrations include A Saint for Today and Mary MacKillop, Woman of Australia by Josephite Sister Margaret Cusack<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> and If I Could Tell The Love of God, In Love God Leads Us and Psalm 103 by Jesuit Priest <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Willcock" title="Christopher Willcock">Christopher Willcock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In 2009 Nicholas Buc was commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Glenelg" title="Shire of Glenelg">Shire of Glenelg</a> to write an hour-long cantata mass for the centenary of the death of MacKillop.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> It was premiered by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Philharmonic" title="Royal Melbourne Philharmonic">Royal Melbourne Philharmonic</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Victoria" title="Portland, Victoria">Portland, Victoria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> of Mary McKillop is a setting for congregational singing, composed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joshua_Cowie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joshua Cowie (page does not exist)">Joshua Cowie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral,_Adelaide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg/220px-Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg/330px-Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg/440px-Hand_in_Hand_St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral%2C_Adelaide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Mary MacKillop outside <a href="/wiki/St_Francis_Xavier%27s_Cathedral,_Adelaide" title="St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Adelaide">St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Adelaide</a></figcaption></figure> In 2018 <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Scranton" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Scranton">The University of Scranton</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a> renamed a residence hall after Mary MacKillop. The building which used to be McCormick Hall is now MacKillop Hall.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> MacKillop is also the subject of several artistic productions, including <ul><li>1994 film <a href="/wiki/Mary_(1994_film)" title="Mary (1994 film)">Mary</a>, directed by Kay Pavlou with <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Bell" title="Lucy Bell">Lucy Bell</a> as MacKillop;<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> released on DVD as Mary: The Mary MacKillop Story</li> <li>Her Holiness, a play by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Fleming_(author)" title="Justin Fleming (author)">Justin Fleming</a>;<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>MacKillop, a dramatic musical created by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victorian</a> composer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Brouwer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier Brouwer (page does not exist)">Xavier Brouwer</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> and first performed for <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> at <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">World Youth Day 2008</a> in Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li>Novelist <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Freeman" title="Pamela Freeman">Pamela Freeman</a>'s The Black Dress is a fictionalised biography of MacKillop's childhood and young adulthood.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>At the Centre of Light by Rosemary Johns, seeded at Explorations (<a href="/wiki/La_Mama_Theatre_(Melbourne)" title="La Mama Theatre (Melbourne)">La Mama</a>), had a regional Victorian tour. It was <a href="/wiki/Dramatic_reading" class="mw-redirect" title="Dramatic reading">read</a> in part with international and Indian actors at WPI Mumbai, and was later commercially produced at 12th Night Theatre Brisbane, 2010. An extract of the play was published in Scenes from a Diverse World anthology (published by the International Centre for Women Playwrights, U.S.A.) The play about MacKillop was written with permission and support of the Josephite Sisters in East Melbourne and is available at Australianplays.org</li></ul> In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/State_Transit_Authority" title="State Transit Authority">State Transit Authority</a> named a Sydney Harbour <a href="/wiki/Sydney_SuperCats" title="Sydney SuperCats">SuperCat ferry</a> after MacKillop. In 2008, a railway bridge in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Mary_MacKillop_Bridge" title="Mary MacKillop Bridge">Mary MacKillop Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephite_Community_Aid" title="Josephite Community Aid">Josephite Community Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">List of Catholic saints</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Aus_Patron-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Aus_Patron_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output 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National Identities. 7 (4): 401. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005NatId...7..389P">2005NatId...7..389P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14608940500334457">10.1080/14608940500334457</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144583040">144583040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Identities&rft.atitle=Colonial+Sainthood+in+Australasia&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=401&rft.date=2005-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144583040%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14608940500334457&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005NatId...7..389P&rft.aulast=Pickles&rft.aufirst=Katie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2010" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Martin (18 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718080621/http://news.scotsman.com/topstories/Saintly-daughter-of-Scotland-honoured.6585457.jp">"Saintly daughter of Scotland honoured"</a>. The Scotsman. Edinburgh. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/topstories/Saintly-daughter-of-Scotland-honoured.6585457.jp">the original</a> on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Scotsman&rft.atitle=Saintly+daughter+of+Scotland+honoured&rft.date=2010-10-18&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.scotsman.com%2Ftopstories%2FSaintly-daughter-of-Scotland-honoured.6585457.jp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcdai.org.uk/saint-mary-of-the-cross-mary-mackillop/">"Saint Mary of the Cross (Mary MacKillop) – RC Diocese of Argyll & the Isles"</a>. 27 October 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saint+Mary+of+the+Cross+%28Mary+MacKillop%29+%E2%80%93+RC+Diocese+of+Argyll+%26+the+Isles&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcdai.org.uk%2Fsaint-mary-of-the-cross-mary-mackillop%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2010" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Caroline (15 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/saint-hood-1.1048289">"Sainthood"</a>. The Herald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101006181002/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/saint-hood-1.1048289">Archived</a> from the original on 6 October 2010. Retrieved 24 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald&rft.atitle=Sainthood&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2Fhome-news%2Fsaint-hood-1.1048289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Coleman-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coleman_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Coleman, Michael (31 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maristmessenger.co.nz/2015/01/31/mary-mackillop-suzanne-aubert/">"Mary MacKillop and Suzanne Aubert"</a>. Marist Messenger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marist+Messenger&rft.atitle=Mary+MacKillop+and+Suzanne+Aubert&rft.date=2015-01-31&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maristmessenger.co.nz%2F2015%2F01%2F31%2Fmary-mackillop-suzanne-aubert%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sosjms-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sosjms_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sosjms_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sosjms_12-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/mary.html">Saint Mary MacKillop</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091201042336/http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/mary.html">Archived</a> 1 December 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sosj.org.au">http://www.sosj.org.au</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814130737/http://www.sosj.org.au/">Archived</a> 14 August 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 20 October 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchardt1976" class="citation book cs1">Borchardt, D. H. (1976). "Tenison-Woods, Julian Edmund (1832–1889)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tenison-woods-julian-edmund-4700">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>. Vol. 6. National Centre of Biography, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_University" title="Australian National University">Australian National University</a>. Retrieved 20 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tenison-Woods%2C+Julian+Edmund+%281832%E2%80%931889%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Borchardt&rft.aufirst=D.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Ftenison-woods-julian-edmund-4700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bayview.vic.edu.au">"Bayview College – Home"</a>. Bayview.vic.edu.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131194611/http://www.bayview.vic.edu.au/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2010. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bayview+College+%E2%80%93+Home&rft.pub=Bayview.vic.edu.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bayview.vic.edu.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ewtn-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ewtn_15-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/new_evangelization/oceania/holiness/saints1.htm">"Blessed Mary of the Cross"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081201212123/http://www.ewtn.com/new_evangelization/oceania/holiness/saints1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blessed+Mary+of+the+Cross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Fnew_evangelization%2Foceania%2Fholiness%2Fsaints1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BioGrowth-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BioGrowth_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BioGrowth_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marymackillop.org.au/marys-story/growth.cfm">"Mary's Story: Growth"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602141958/http://www.marymackillop.org.au/marys-story/growth.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary%27s+Story%3A+Growth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marymackillop.org.au%2Fmarys-story%2Fgrowth.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vermeer-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vermeer_17-5">f</a> "In Her Own Hand", <a href="/wiki/The_Advertiser_(Adelaide)" title="The Advertiser (Adelaide)">The Advertiser</a>, pp. 8, 89; 17 October 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-MMKSum-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MMKSum_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMKSum_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMKSum_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMKSum_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MMKSum_18-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/documents/MaryMacKillopsummarydocumentreworked71107.pdf">Mary MacKillop</a>. Retrieved 20 October 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080722071816/http://www.sosj.org.au/mary/documents/MaryMacKillopsummarydocumentreworked71107.pdf">Archived</a> 22 July 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://churchhistory.weebly.com/st-mary-mackillop.html">"St Mary MacKillop"</a>. Catholic Church History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191109102514/http://churchhistory.weebly.com/st-mary-mackillop.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Church+History&rft.atitle=St+Mary+MacKillop&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchurchhistory.weebly.com%2Fst-mary-mackillop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article115464238">"THE FIRST PLENARY COUNCIL OF AUSTRALASIA"</a>. Freeman's Journal. 21 November 1885. p. 16 – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freeman%27s+Journal&rft.atitle=THE+FIRST+PLENARY+COUNCIL+OF+AUSTRALASIA.&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1885-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article115464238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Torreggiani, Elzear (1830–1904)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/torreggiani-elzear-4738">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191105054311/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/torreggiani-elzear-4738">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Torreggiani%2C+Elzear+%281830%E2%80%931904%29&rft.btitle=Australian+Dictionary+of+Biography&rft.pub=National+Centre+of+Biography%2C+Australian+National+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadb.anu.edu.au%2Fbiography%2Ftorreggiani-elzear-4738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> See in particular pages 350 and 351 of Patrick Colbourne's 2004 published book titled Bishop Elzear Torregiani An Instrument of Peace. There is also a reference to a Letter from Torreggiani to Mother Bernard dated 26 October 1891 in the Mary Mackillop Archives North Sydney AP/84. At page 350 "Throughout her struggles Bishop Torreggiani encouraged and supported Mary Mackillop as he understood the concept of a religious Institute which had autonomous internal government as opposed to a purely diocesan Institute." </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/9873606?selectedversion=NBD25214285">"Trove"</a>. trove.nla.gov.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trove.nla.gov.au&rft.atitle=Trove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F9873606%3Fselectedversion%3DNBD25214285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Sheil, Laurence Bonaventure (1815–1872)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A060129b.htm">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>. adbonline.anu.edu.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309231820/http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A060129b.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2011. 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Asonevoice.com.au. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202101340/http://www.asonevoice.com.au/as-one-voice-liturgical-series-mass-settings/mass-of-mary-mackillop/9780975215630">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mass+of+Mary+MacKillop+Music+Book&rft.pub=Asonevoice.com.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asonevoice.com.au%2Fas-one-voice-liturgical-series-mass-settings%2Fmass-of-mary-mackillop%2F9780975215630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joshuacowie.com.au/music/">"Music"</a>. Joshua Cowie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161202171554/http://www.joshuacowie.com.au/music/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Music&rft.pub=Joshua+Cowie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joshuacowie.com.au%2Fmusic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillingham2018" class="citation web cs1">Willingham, AJ (21 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/21/us/university-of-scranton-buildings-pa-catholic-scandal-trnd/index.html">"A Pennsylvania university scrubs the names of three bishops from buildings after the clergy sex abuse scandal"</a>. CNN. Retrieved 24 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Pennsylvania+university+scrubs+the+names+of+three+bishops+from+buildings+after+the+clergy+sex+abuse+scandal&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft.aulast=Willingham&rft.aufirst=AJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F08%2F21%2Fus%2Funiversity-of-scranton-buildings-pa-catholic-scandal-trnd%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110474/">Mary</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6778749#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.australianstage.com.au/reviews/sydney/her-holiness--bakehouse-theatre-company-1520.html">Her Holiness</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310120341/http://www.australianstage.com.au/reviews/sydney/her-holiness--bakehouse-theatre-company-1520.html">Archived</a> 10 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, review by Brett Casben at AustralianStage.com 2 June 2008) </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eastern-courier-messenger.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mother-mary-set-to-music/">Mother Mary set to music.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029175558/http://eastern-courier-messenger.whereilive.com.au/news/story/mother-mary-set-to-music/">Archived</a> 29 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (13 May 2009). Charrison, Emily. Eastern Courier. Retrieved 22 February 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s2825420.htm?site=melbourne&section=audio">"Mary the saintly musical"</a>. ABC News. 23 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110922061515/http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s2825420.htm?site=melbourne&section=audio">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Mary+the+saintly+musical&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fam%2Fcontent%2F2010%2Fs2825420.htm%3Fsite%3Dmelbourne%26section%3Daudio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pamelafreemanbooks.com/blackdress.html">"Pamela Freeman: Mary McKillop and The Black Dress"</a>. Pamelafreemanbooks.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914173258/http://www.pamelafreemanbooks.com/blackdress.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pamela+Freeman%3A+Mary+McKillop+and+The+Black+Dress&rft.pub=Pamelafreemanbooks.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pamelafreemanbooks.com%2Fblackdress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-08-01/official-opening-for-new-port-bridges/460074">Official opening for new Port bridges</a>", <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>, 1 August 2008 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1924" class="citation news cs1">Davis, T. P. (18 January 1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article167745061">"Penola Mission and St. Joseph's Old Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Southern_Cross_(South_Australia)" title="The Southern Cross (South Australia)">Southern Cross</a>. Vol. XXXVI, no. 1782. South Australia. p. 4 – via <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Australia" title="National Library of Australia">National Library of Australia</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Cross&rft.atitle=Penola+Mission+and+St.+Joseph%27s+Old+Church&rft.volume=XXXVI&rft.issue=1782&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1924-01-18&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=T.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article167745061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"> Article written at the time of the opening of the new St Joseph's church in Penola.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaton2010" class="citation book cs1">Paton, Margaret (2010). Mary MacKillop: The ground of her loving. London: Darton Longman Todd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-232-52799-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-232-52799-5"><bdi>978-0-232-52799-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+MacKillop%3A+The+ground+of+her+loving&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Darton+Longman+Todd&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-232-52799-5&rft.aulast=Paton&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMary+MacKillop" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mary_MacKillop" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mary MacKillop">Mary MacKillop</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marymackillop.org.au/">Official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marymackillopplace.org.au/">Mary MacKillop Place official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mackilloppenola.org.au/">Mary MacKillop Penola Centre official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mackillopmusical.com">MacKillop</a>, a musical by Xavier Brouwer</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.MacKillop.org.au">MacKillop Family Services website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/O_Mother_Mary_of_the_Cross_%28Charles_H._Giffen%29">O Mother Mary of the Cross</a>, a hymn to St. Mary of the Cross, text by Veronica Brandt, music by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Charles_H._Giffen">Charles H. Giffen</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and 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href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1757878/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgHbtGTh7y47wwF99Gyh3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119267748">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr89002174">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133398034">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb133398034">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20101102002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p120732629">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810701589905606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/2270">Vatican</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1473045">Trove</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/712059">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mackillop-mary-helen-4112">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE3719b.htm">Australian Women's Register</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w67445v5">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&oldid=1257650105">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_MacKillop&oldid=1257650105</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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