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href="https://earthhow.com/category/life-science/natural-environment/">Natural Environment</a></span> 禄 <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">What Are the 4 Steps of Nitrogen Cycle?</span></span></div><h1 class="entry-title">What Are the 4 Steps of Nitrogen Cycle?</h1><div class="entry-meta entry-meta-divider-customicon"> <div class="meta-comments"><span class="kadence-svg-iconset"><svg class="kadence-svg-icon kadence-comments-alt-svg" fill="currentColor" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="28" height="28" viewBox="0 0 28 28"><title>Comments</title><path d="M10 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM16 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM22 14c0 1.109-0.891 2-2 2s-2-0.891-2-2 0.891-2 2-2 2 0.891 2 2zM14 6c-6.5 0-12 3.656-12 8 0 2.328 1.563 4.547 4.266 6.078l1.359 0.781-0.422 1.5c-0.297 1.109-0.688 1.969-1.094 2.688 1.578-0.656 3.016-1.547 4.297-2.672l0.672-0.594 0.891 0.094c0.672 0.078 1.359 0.125 2.031 0.125 6.5 0 12-3.656 12-8s-5.5-8-12-8zM28 14c0 5.531-6.266 10-14 10-0.766 0-1.531-0.047-2.266-0.125-2.047 1.813-4.484 3.094-7.187 3.781-0.562 0.156-1.172 0.266-1.781 0.344h-0.078c-0.313 0-0.594-0.25-0.672-0.594v-0.016c-0.078-0.391 0.187-0.625 0.422-0.906 0.984-1.109 2.109-2.047 2.844-4.656-3.219-1.828-5.281-4.656-5.281-7.828 0-5.516 6.266-10 14-10v0c7.734 0 14 4.484 14 10z"></path> </svg></span><a class="meta-comments-link anchor-scroll" href="#comments">9 Comments</a></div></div></header> <div class="entry-content single-content"> <figure class="wp-block-image is-style-default"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="678" height="509" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature.png" alt="Nitrogen Cycle" class="wp-image-473" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature.png 678w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-300x225.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-675x507.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-425x319.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-550x413.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-326x245.png 326w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-80x60.png 80w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Feature-267x200.png 267w" sizes="(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px"/></figure> <div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What is the nitrogen cycle?</h3> <p>In short, nitrogen transforms into different forms from the air to the ground:</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Nitrogen fixing converts N<sub>2</sub> from the air into nitrates.</li> <li>In reverse, denitrification converts nitrates back to N<sub>2</sub> as a gas.</li> <li>Finally, nitrification converts ammonia into nitrates.</li> </ul> <p>The nitrogen cycle consists of 4 major steps. Let’s review nitrogen-fixing, decomposition, nitrification, and denitrification.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">1. Nitrogen Fixing</h3> <p>There’s lots of nitrogen in the atmosphere. In fact, <a href="https://earthhow.com/earth-atmosphere-composition/">nitrogen makes up about 78% of the air</a>. But it’s not very good at reacting because its bond between atoms is strong.</p> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><a href="https://earthhow.com/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/"><img decoding="async" width="425" height="216" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DNA-Guanine-0-425x216.png" alt="DNA Guanine" class="wp-image-8828" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DNA-Guanine-0-425x216.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DNA-Guanine-0-300x152.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DNA-Guanine-0-550x279.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/DNA-Guanine-0.png 648w" sizes="(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px"/></a></figure></div><p>Plants and animals need nitrogen to make proteins but they cannot take it in from the air. Because nitrogen is unreactive as a gas, it has to be transformed into a new molecule. When bacteria in the soil take nitrogen from the air, it <strong>becomes nitrates</strong>. Finally, it can move through the food chain in this form.</p> <p>For example, legumes like clovers, peas, and beans, their roots can take N<sub>2</sub> from the air and transform it into another form called nitrates. In addition, <a href="https://earthhow.com/lightning-facts/">lightning transforms N<sub>2</sub> into NO<sub>2</sub></a>, which goes into the soil to form nitrates. Also, synthetic fertilizer from farming can bring nitrate to the soil.</p> <p>Overall, nitrogen fixation takes nitrogen from the air and fixes it into a usable form. Nitrogen is essential for building amino acids which are <a href="https://earthhow.com/dna-deoxyribonucleic-acid/">building blocks for DNA</a> and RNA. Nitrogen is used to make amino acids for growth.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">2. Decomposition and Ammonification</h3> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><img decoding="async" width="407" height="421" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Nitrogen-Cycle-0.png" alt="Nitrogen Cycle" class="wp-image-1539" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Nitrogen-Cycle-0.png 407w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Nitrogen-Cycle-0-290x300.png 290w" sizes="(max-width: 407px) 100vw, 407px"/></figure></div><p>After nitrogen fixation, the roots of plants absorb the nitrate. In the plant, they are in the form of proteins and nucleic acids. In turn, animals eat these plants and break them down.</p> <p>When animals produce waste or die, this <strong>waste decays</strong> and bacteria consume this dead organic matter. As a result, the nitrogen in this waste is in the form of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>).</p> <p>This is a key process in the <a href="https://earthhow.com/nutrient-cycle/">nutrient cycle</a> that constantly exchanges inorganic and organic matter back and forth in an environment. Without the nutrient cycle, the remains of dead plants and animals would accumulate on the forest floor.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">3. Nitrification</h3> <p>However, it’s difficult for plants to use ammonium. So, this waste (ammonium) is again broken down by bacteria through a process called <strong>nitrification</strong>. Nitrification takes the ammonium and transforms it into nitrates in the soil. Again, plants can absorb nitrate and move through the food chain.</p> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><a href="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="425" height="148" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-425x148.png" alt="nitrification" class="wp-image-8835" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-425x148.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-300x105.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-675x235.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-1536x536.png 1536w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-550x192.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-850x297.png 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification-900x314.png 900w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/nitrification.png 1694w" sizes="(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px"/></a></figure></div><p>If you deplete the soil of nitrogen, this deprives the plants of growing. Because bacteria convert dead plant material to nitrates, plants absorb it as food. It鈥檚 true that plants grow from the top down.</p> <p>In other words, it uses water and carbon dioxide from the air to grow. But you <a href="https://earthhow.com/soil-nutrients/">can鈥檛 remove key nutrients</a> like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) either.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">4. Denitrifying Bacteria</h3> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="alignright"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="290" height="300" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bacteria-290x300.png" alt="Bacteria" class="wp-image-2005" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bacteria-290x300.png 290w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Bacteria.png 407w" sizes="(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px"/></figure></div><p>But we need nitrogen back in the atmosphere, so we use another type of bacteria. There is a whole different process that does this. Through the denitrification process, nitrates are converted to nitrogen gas again.</p> <p>So it leaves the soil to go <a href="https://earthhow.com/atmosphere-layers-troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere-thermosphere/">back into the atmosphere</a>. Overall, denitrification turns nitrates (NO<sub>3</sub>) in the soil into nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) which is returned to the air.</p> <p>Overall, denitrification is a crucial natural process within the Earth’s nitrogen cycle that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the balance of nitrogen in ecosystems.</p></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">Highlights of the nitrogen cycle</h3> <p>This whole cycle of how nitrogen transforms into different forms continues. Bacteria is essential in this process, as well as in each process.</p> <ul class="wp-block-list"> <li>Nitrification converts ammonia into nitrates.</li> <li>Denitrification converts nitrates to N<sub>2</sub>.</li> <li>Nitrogen fixing converts N<sub>2</sub> into nitrates.</li> </ul> <p>The nitrogen cycle continues with these key three processes. Not only is it a key ingredient for the roots of plants, but it’s essential in the food chain.</p> <div class="wp-block-image is-style-default"> <figure class="aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="790" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-900x790.png" alt="Nitrogen Cycle Chemical Forms" class="wp-image-8814" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-900x790.png 900w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-300x263.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-675x592.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-425x373.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-550x483.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms-850x746.png 850w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Chemical-Forms.png 931w" sizes="(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px"/></figure></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-group" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h3 class="wp-block-heading">What Are the 4 Steps of the Nitrogen Cycle?</h3> <p>The nitrogen cycle is a natural process that takes place in nature and has always been crucial for lifeforms on this planet.</p> <p>The nitrogen cycle is a natural process where nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere are converted into forms that can be used by living organisms, such as plants.</p> <p>These organisms, in turn, return nitrogen to the atmosphere through various processes like nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, and denitrification, creating a continuous cycle that sustains life on Earth.</p> <p>Or if you just want to drop us a comment, then use the form below to get in touch with the EarthHow crew.</p></div></div><figure class="wp-block-kadence-image kb-image472_43d24c-22 size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="675" height="955" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-675x955.jpg" alt="Nitrogen Cycle Poster" class="kb-img wp-image-19440" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-675x955.jpg 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-212x300.jpg 212w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-768x1086.jpg 768w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Nitrogen-Cycle-Poster.jpg 1587w" sizes="(max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px"/></figure> <div 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Koppen Climate Classification Types?</a></h6><div class="kt-blocks-post-top-meta"></div></header><div class="entry-content"></div><footer class="kt-blocks-post-footer"><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-left"></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-right"></div></footer></div></div></article><article class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item post-3448 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-dna-cells-and-organisms category-life-science tag-feature mv-content-wrapper"><div class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner-wrap kt-feat-image-align-left kt-feat-image-mobile-align-side"><div class="kadence-post-image"><div class="kadence-post-image-intrisic kt-image-ratio-66-67" style="padding-bottom:66.67%;"><div class="kadence-post-image-inner-intrisic"><a href="https://earthhow.com/taxonomic-classification/" aria-label="Read More Taxonomic Classification: From Domain to Species" class="kadence-post-image-inner-wrap"><img width="300" height="225" src="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1-300x225.png" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Taxonomic Classification" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1-300x225.png 300w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1-675x507.png 675w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1-425x319.png 425w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1-550x413.png 550w, https://earthhow.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Taxonomic-Classification-1.png 678w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"/></a></div></div></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-grid-item-inner"><header><h6 class="entry-title"><a href="https://earthhow.com/taxonomic-classification/">Taxonomic Classification: From Domain to Species</a></h6><div class="kt-blocks-post-top-meta"></div></header><div class="entry-content"></div><footer class="kt-blocks-post-footer"><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-left"></div><div class="kt-blocks-post-footer-right"></div></footer></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></article> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> <h2 class="comments-title">9 Comments</h2> <ol class="comment-list"> <li id="comment-39357" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-39357" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Jim Pave</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-39357"><time datetime="2024-09-03T08:37:39-06:00">September 3, 2024 at 8:37 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>This is crazy. Such a complex chemical process that both puts the needed Nitrogen from the air into the soil. And then another chemical process takes the nitrates in the soil and turns it back into Nitrogen gas that goes back into the air. Add how plants take carbon dioxide and turn it into Oxygen and you have circular process where nothing is lost. Just simply converted into other forms. Do we really think something so perfect and complex of a system and a process really just happened “randomly”? Without this Nitrogen and Carbon Dioxide process from plants life on earth would not exist. Cool stuff.</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-25149" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-25149" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Crite Chipango</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-25149"><time datetime="2023-11-24T08:41:08-06:00">November 24, 2023 at 8:41 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>I really appreciate that I can now fully understand the concept of the nitrogen cycle as an agriculture student.</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-18817" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-18817" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">John Doe</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-18817"><time datetime="2022-12-11T09:34:32-06:00">December 11, 2022 at 9:34 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Bad english, at times factually wrong at a very basic level. </p> <p>For example: When bacteria in the soil take nitrogen from the air, it DOES NOT “become” nitrates. They produce ammonium.</p> <p>You give a decent overview however.</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-8346" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-8346" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Mutua Son</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-8346"><time datetime="2021-06-24T02:53:33-06:00">June 24, 2021 at 2:53 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Good content. Easy to understand. It has helped me a lot.<br /> Thanks much.</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-8251" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-8251" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Usman Abdullahi Babale</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-8251"><time datetime="2021-06-16T01:41:41-06:00">June 16, 2021 at 1:41 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Thanks a lot. Am understanding the nitrogen cycle clearly</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-4085" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-4085" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Jean-Pierre</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-4085"><time datetime="2020-07-19T12:04:57-06:00">July 19, 2020 at 12:04 pm</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Merci beaucoup. Tres bien</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-2691" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-2691" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Jack</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-2691"><time datetime="2020-01-22T07:51:26-06:00">January 22, 2020 at 7:51 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>Very good explanation</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-837" class="comment odd alt thread-odd thread-alt depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-837" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Suhani Singh</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-837"><time datetime="2019-01-08T11:03:07-06:00">January 8, 2019 at 11:03 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>It really helped me a lot in understanding nitrogen cycle</p></div></article> </li> <li id="comment-651" class="comment even thread-even depth-1"> <article id="div-comment-651" class="comment-body"> <footer class="comment-meta"> <div class="comment-author vcard"> <b class="fn">Sue</b> <span class="says">says:</span></div><div class="comment-metadata"> <a href="https://earthhow.com/nitrogen-cycle/#comment-651"><time datetime="2018-11-07T06:42:44-06:00">November 7, 2018 at 6:42 am</time></a></div></footer> <div class="comment-content"> <p>I’m not a scientist, but this is a wonderfully easy to follow explanation, which now enables me to pass this on to a student I’m working with.<br /> Thank you- much appreciated!</p></div></article> </li> </ol> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Reply</h3><form action="https://earthhow.com/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform" class="comment-form" 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