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theory</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: network theory"> <meta name="keywords" content="network theory"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="network theory"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9172</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: network theory</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9172</span> Intrusion Detection In MANET Using Game Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B.%20Kumbalavati">S. B. Kumbalavati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20D.%20Mallapur"> J. D. Mallapur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Y.%20Bendigeri"> K. Y. Bendigeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mobile Ad-hoc network (MANET) is a multihop wireless network where nodes communicate each other without any pre-deployed infrastructure. There is no central administrating unit. Hence, MANET is generally prone to many of the attacks. These attacks may alter, release or deny data. These attacks are nothing but intrusions. Intrusion is a set of actions that attempts to compromise integrity, confidentiality and availability of resources. A major issue in the design and operation of ad-hoc network is sharing the common spectrum or common channel bandwidth among all the nodes. We are performing intrusion detection using game theory approach. Game theory is a mathematical tool for analysing problems of competition and negotiation among the players in any field like marketing, e-commerce and networking. In this paper mathematical model is developed using game theory approach and intruders are detected and removed. Bandwidth utilization is estimated and comparison is made between bandwidth utilization with intrusion detection technique and without intrusion detection technique. Percentage of intruders and efficiency of the network is analysed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ad-hoc%20network" title="ad-hoc network">ad-hoc network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IDS" title=" IDS"> IDS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20networks" title=" sensor networks"> sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6246/intrusion-detection-in-manet-using-game-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9171</span> The Use of Network Theory in Heritage Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20L.%20Oliver">J. L. Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Agryzkov"> T. Agryzkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Tortosa"> L. Tortosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Vicent"> J. Vicent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Santacruz"> J. Santacruz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to demonstrate how the use of Network Theory can be applied to a very interesting and complex urban situation: The parts of a city which may have some patrimonial value, but because of their lack of relevant architectural elements, they are not considered to be historic in a conventional sense. In this paper, we use the suburb of La Villaflora in the city of Quito, Ecuador as our case study. We first propose a system of indicators as a tool to characterize and quantify the historic value of a geographic area. Then, we apply these indicators to the suburb of La Villaflora and use Network Theory to understand and propose actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphs" title="graphs">graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20studies" title=" urban studies"> urban studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56099/the-use-of-network-theory-in-heritage-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9170</span> On the Inequality between Queue Length and Virtual Waiting Time in Open Queueing Networks under Conditions of Heavy Traffic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saulius%20Minkevicius">Saulius Minkevicius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edvinas%20Greicius"> Edvinas Greicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is devoted to the analysis of queueing systems in the context of the network and communications theory. We investigate the inequality in an open queueing network and its applications to the theorems in heavy traffic conditions (fluid approximation, functional limit theorem, and law of the iterated logarithm) for a queue of customers in an open queueing network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20approximation" title="fluid approximation">fluid approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20traffic" title=" heavy traffic"> heavy traffic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models%20of%20information%20systems" title=" models of information systems"> models of information systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20queueing%20network" title=" open queueing network"> open queueing network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queue%20length%20of%20%20customers" title=" queue length of customers"> queue length of customers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=queueing%20theory" title=" queueing theory"> queueing theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76784/on-the-inequality-between-queue-length-and-virtual-waiting-time-in-open-queueing-networks-under-conditions-of-heavy-traffic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76784.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9169</span> Factors of Social Network Platform Usage and Privacy Risk: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology2 Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Xue">Wang Xue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Liwei"> Fan Liwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The trust and use of social network platforms by users are instrumental factors that contribute to the platform’s sustainable development. Studying the influential factors of the use of social network platforms is beneficial for developing and maintaining a large user base. This study constructed an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2) moderating model with perceived privacy risks to analyze the factors affecting the trust and use of social network platforms. 444 participants completed our 35 surveys, and we verified the survey results by structural equation model. Empirical results reveal the influencing factors that affect the trust and use of social network platforms, and the extended UTAUT2 model with perceived privacy risks increases the applicability of UTAUT2 in social network scenarios. Social networking platforms can increase their use rate by increasing the economics, functionality, entertainment, and privacy security of the platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perceived%20privacy%20risk" title="perceived privacy risk">perceived privacy risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network" title=" social network"> social network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use" title=" use"> use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UTAUT2%20model" title=" UTAUT2 model"> UTAUT2 model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159707/factors-of-social-network-platform-usage-and-privacy-risk-a-unified-theory-of-acceptance-and-use-of-technology2-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9168</span> Development of Algorithms for the Study of the Image in Digital Form for Satellite Applications: Extraction of a Road Network and Its Nodes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zineb%20Nougrara">Zineb Nougrara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for extracting a road network and its nodes from satellite images of Algeria country. This developed technique is a progress of our previous research works. It is founded on the information theory and the mathematical morphology; the information theory and the mathematical morphology are combined together to extract and link the road segments to form a road network and its nodes. We, therefore, have to define objects as sets of pixels and to study the shape of these objects and the relations that exist between them. In this approach, geometric and radiometric features of roads are integrated by a cost function and a set of selected points of a crossing road. Its performances were tested on satellite images of Algeria country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satellite%20image" title="satellite image">satellite image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20network" title=" road network"> road network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodes" title=" nodes"> nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20analysis%20and%20processing" title=" image analysis and processing"> image analysis and processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27882/development-of-algorithms-for-the-study-of-the-image-in-digital-form-for-satellite-applications-extraction-of-a-road-network-and-its-nodes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9167</span> Gender Effects in EEG-Based Functional Brain Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdi%20Jalili">Mahdi Jalili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functional connectivity in the human brain can be represented as a network using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Network representation of EEG time series can be an efficient vehicle to understand the underlying mechanisms of brain function. Brain functional networks – whose nodes are brain regions and edges correspond to functional links between them – are characterized by neurobiologically meaningful graph theory metrics. This study investigates the degree to which graph theory metrics are sex dependent. To this end, EEGs from 24 healthy female subjects and 21 healthy male subjects were recorded in eyes-closed resting state conditions. The connectivity matrices were extracted using correlation analysis and were further binarized to obtain binary functional networks. Global and local efficiency measures – as graph theory metrics– were computed for the extracted networks. We found that male brains have a significantly greater global efficiency (i.e., global communicability of the network) across all frequency bands for a wide range of cost values in both hemispheres. Furthermore, for a range of cost values, female brains showed significantly greater right-hemispheric local efficiency (i.e., local connectivity) than male brains. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain" title=" brain"> brain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20networks" title=" functional networks"> functional networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20science" title=" network science"> network science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title=" graph theory"> graph theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23346/gender-effects-in-eeg-based-functional-brain-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9166</span> Air Cargo Network Structure Characteristics and Robustness Analysis under the Belt and Road Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-jie%20Xie">Feng-jie Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-hong%20Yan"> Jian-hong Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the complex network theory, we construct the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, analyze its regional distribution and structural characteristics, measure the robustness of the network. The regional distribution results show that Southeast Asia and China have the most prominent development in the air cargo network of the Belt and Road area, Central Asia is the least developed. The structure characteristics found that the air cargo network has obvious small-world characteristics; the degree distribution has single-scale property; it shows a significant rich-club phenomenon simultaneously. The network robustness is measured by two attack strategies of degree and betweenness, but the betweenness of network nodes has a greater impact on network connectivity. And identified 24 key cities that have a large impact on the robustness of the network under the two attack strategies. Based on these results, recommendations are given to maintain the air cargo network connectivity in the Belt and Road area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20cargo" title="air cargo">air cargo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complex%20network" title=" complex network"> complex network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robustness" title=" robustness"> robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structure%20properties" title=" structure properties"> structure properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=The%20Belt%20and%20Road" title=" The Belt and Road"> The Belt and Road</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714/air-cargo-network-structure-characteristics-and-robustness-analysis-under-the-belt-and-road-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9165</span> Internal and External Influences on the Firm Objective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Briseno">A. Briseno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A"> A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zorrilla"> Zorrilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Firms are increasingly responding to social and environmental claims from society. Practices oriented to attend issues such as poverty, work equality, or renewable energy, are being implemented more frequently by firms to address impacts on sustainability. However, questions remain on how the responses of firms vary across industries and regions between the social and the economic objectives. Using concepts from organizational theory and social network theory, this paper aims to create a theoretical framework that explains the internal and external influences that make a firm establish its objective. The framework explains why firms might have a different objective orientation in terms of its economic and social prioritization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20identity" title="organizational identity">organizational identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20theory" title=" social network theory"> social network theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm%20objective" title=" firm objective"> firm objective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20maximization" title=" value maximization"> value maximization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title=" social responsibility"> social responsibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62487/internal-and-external-influences-on-the-firm-objective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62487.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9164</span> A Study on Game Theory Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shoukath%20Ali">M. Shoukath Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajendra%20Prasad%20Singh"> Rajendra Prasad Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Game Theory approaches and their application in improving the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are discussed in this paper. The mathematical modeling and analysis of WSNs may have low success rate due to the complexity of topology, modeling, link quality, etc. However, Game Theory is a field, which can efficiently use to analyze the WSNs. Game Theory is related to applied mathematics that describes and analyzes interactive decision situations. Game theory has the ability to model independent, individual decision makers whose actions affect the surrounding decision makers. The outcome of complex interactions among rational entities can be predicted by a set of analytical tools. However, the rationality demands a stringent observance to a strategy based on measured of perceived results. Researchers are adopting game theory approaches to model and analyze leading wireless communication networking issues, which includes QoS, power control, resource sharing, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20network" title="wireless sensor network">wireless sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20game%20theory" title=" cooperative game theory"> cooperative game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-cooperative%20game%20theory" title=" non-cooperative game theory"> non-cooperative game theory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67173/a-study-on-game-theory-approaches-for-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9163</span> Evaluation of National Research Motivation Evolution with Improved Social Influence Network Theory Model: A Case Study of Artificial Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yating%20Yang">Yating Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Zhang"> Xue Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chengli%20Zhao"> Chengli Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the increasingly interconnected global environment brought about by globalization, it is crucial for countries to timely grasp the development motivations in relevant research fields of other countries and seize development opportunities. Motivation, as the intrinsic driving force behind actions, is abstract in nature, making it difficult to directly measure and evaluate. Drawing on the ideas of social influence network theory, the research motivations of a country can be understood as the driving force behind the development of its science and technology sector, which is simultaneously influenced by both the country itself and other countries/regions. In response to this issue, this paper improves upon Friedkin's social influence network theory and applies it to motivation description, constructing a dynamic alliance network and hostile network centered around the United States and China, as well as a sensitivity matrix, to remotely assess the changes in national research motivations under the influence of international relations. Taking artificial intelligence as a case study, the research reveals that the motivations of most countries/regions are declining, gradually shifting from a neutral attitude to a negative one. The motivation of the United States is hardly influenced by other countries/regions and remains at a high level, while the motivation of China has been consistently increasing in recent years. By comparing the results with real data, it is found that this model can reflect, to some extent, the trends in national motivations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influence%20network%20theory" title="influence network theory">influence network theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20assessment" title=" remote assessment"> remote assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relation%20matrix" title=" relation matrix"> relation matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20sensitivity%20matrix" title=" dynamic sensitivity matrix"> dynamic sensitivity matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176539/evaluation-of-national-research-motivation-evolution-with-improved-social-influence-network-theory-model-a-case-study-of-artificial-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9162</span> Generalization of Clustering Coefficient on Lattice Networks Applied to Criminal Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20H.%20Sanabria-Monta%C3%B1a">Christian H. Sanabria-Montaña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20Huerta-Quintanilla"> Rodrigo Huerta-Quintanilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A lattice network is a special type of network in which all nodes have the same number of links, and its boundary conditions are periodic. The most basic lattice network is the ring, a one-dimensional network with periodic border conditions. In contrast, the Cartesian product of d rings forms a d-dimensional lattice network. An analytical expression currently exists for the clustering coefficient in this type of network, but the theoretical value is valid only up to certain connectivity value; in other words, the analytical expression is incomplete. Here we obtain analytically the clustering coefficient expression in d-dimensional lattice networks for any link density. Our analytical results show that the clustering coefficient for a lattice network with density of links that tend to 1, leads to the value of the clustering coefficient of a fully connected network. We developed a model on criminology in which the generalized clustering coefficient expression is applied. The model states that delinquents learn the know-how of crime business by sharing knowledge, directly or indirectly, with their friends of the gang. This generalization shed light on the network properties, which is important to develop new models in different fields where network structure plays an important role in the system dynamic, such as criminology, evolutionary game theory, econophysics, among others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering%20coefficient" title="clustering coefficient">clustering coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criminology" title=" criminology"> criminology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized" title=" generalized"> generalized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regular%20network%20d-dimensional" title=" regular network d-dimensional"> regular network d-dimensional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71972/generalization-of-clustering-coefficient-on-lattice-networks-applied-to-criminal-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">411</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9161</span> The Coauthorship Network Analysis of the Norwegian School of Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Belik">Ivan Belik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Jornsten"> Kurt Jornsten</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We construct the coauthorship network based on the scientific collaboration between the faculty members at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and based on their international academic publication experience. The network structure is based on the NHH faculties’ publications recognized by the ISI Web of Science for the period 1950 – Spring, 2014. The given network covers the publication activities of the NHH faculty members (over six departments) based on the information retrieved from the ISI Web of Science in Spring, 2014. In this paper we analyse the constructed coauthorship network in different aspects of the theory of social networks analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coauthorship%20networks" title="coauthorship networks">coauthorship networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20analysis" title=" social networks analysis"> social networks analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20School%20of%20Economics" title=" Norwegian School of Economics"> Norwegian School of Economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISI" title=" ISI"> ISI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15216/the-coauthorship-network-analysis-of-the-norwegian-school-of-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9160</span> Examining Social Connectivity through Email Network Analysis: Study of Librarians' Emailing Groups in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arif%20Khan">Muhammad Arif Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haroon%20Idrees"> Haroon Idrees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Aziz"> Imran Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Mushtaq"> Sidra Mushtaq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Social platforms like online discussion and mailing groups are well aligned with academic as well as professional learning spaces. Professional communities are increasingly moving to online forums for sharing and capturing the intellectual abilities. This study investigated dynamics of social connectivity of yahoo mailing groups of Pakistani Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals using Graph Theory technique. Design/Methodology: Social Network Analysis is the increasingly concerned domain for scientists in identifying whether people grow together through online social interaction or, whether they just reflect connectivity. We have conducted a longitudinal study using Network Graph Theory technique to analyze the large data-set of email communication. The data was collected from three yahoo mailing groups using network analysis software over a period of six months i.e. January to June 2016. Findings of the network analysis were reviewed through focus group discussion with LIS experts and selected respondents of the study. Data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel and network diagrams were visualized using NodeXL and ORA-Net Scene package. Findings: Findings demonstrate that professionals and students exhibit intellectual growth the more they get tied within a network by interacting and participating in communication through online forums. The study reports on dynamics of the large network by visualizing the email correspondence among group members in a network consisting vertices (members) and edges (randomized correspondence). The model pair wise relationship between group members was illustrated to show characteristics, reasons, and strength of ties. Connectivity of nodes illustrated the frequency of communication among group members through examining node coupling, diffusion of networks, and node clustering has been demonstrated in-depth. Network analysis was found to be a useful technique in investigating the dynamics of the large network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emailing%20networks" title="emailing networks">emailing networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20graph%20theory" title=" network graph theory"> network graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20social%20platforms" title=" online social platforms"> online social platforms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yahoo%20mailing%20groups" title=" yahoo mailing groups"> yahoo mailing groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60149/examining-social-connectivity-through-email-network-analysis-study-of-librarians-emailing-groups-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">239</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9159</span> A Global Organizational Theory for the 21st Century</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Troy%20A.%20Tyre">Troy A. Tyre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Organizational behavior and organizational change are elements of the ever-changing global business environment. Leadership and organizational behavior are 21st century disciplines. Network marketing organizations need to understand the ever-changing nature of global business and be ready and willing to adapt to the environment. Network marketing organizations have a challenge keeping up with a rapid escalation in global growth. Network marketing growth has been steady and global. Network marketing organizations have been slow to develop a 21st century global strategy to manage the rapid escalation of growth degrading organizational behavior, job satisfaction, increasing attrition, and degrading customer service. Development of an organizational behavior and leadership theory for the 21st century to help network marketing develops a global business strategy to manage the rapid escalation in growth that affects organizational behavior. Managing growth means organizational leadership must develop and adapt to the organizational environment. Growth comes with an open mind and one’s departure from the comfort zone. Leadership growth operates in the tacit dimension. Systems thinking and adaptation of mental models can help shift organizational behavior. Shifting the organizational behavior requires organizational learning. Organizational learning occurs through single-loop, double-loop, and triple-loop learning. Triple-loop learning is the most difficult, but the most rewarding. Tools such as theory U can aid in developing a landscape for organizational behavioral development. Additionally, awareness to espoused and portrayed actions is imperatives. Theories of motivation, cross-cultural diversity, and communications are instrumental in founding an organizational behavior suited for the 21st century. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global" title="global">global</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership" title=" leadership"> leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20marketing" title=" network marketing"> network marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20behavior" title=" organizational behavior"> organizational behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23480/a-global-organizational-theory-for-the-21st-century" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9158</span> Research Networks and Knowledge Sharing: An Exploratory Study of Aquaculture in Europe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zeta%20Dooly">Zeta Dooly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aidan%20Duane"> Aidan Duane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The collaborative European funded research and development landscape provides prime environmental conditions for multi-disciplinary teams to learn and enhance their knowledge beyond the capability of training and learning within their own organisation cocoons. Whilst the emergence of the academic entrepreneur has changed the focus of educational institutions to that of quasi-businesses, the training and professional development of lecturers and academic staff are often not formalised to the same level as industry. This research focuses on industry and academic collaborative research funded by the European Commission. The impact of research is scalable if an optimum research network is created and managed effectively. This paper investigates network embeddedness, the nature of relationships, links, and nodes within a research network, and the enhancement of the network’s knowledge. The contribution of this paper extends our understanding of establishing and maintaining effective collaborative research networks. The effects of network embeddedness are recognized in the literature as pertinent to innovation and the economy. Network theory literature claims that networks are essential to innovative clusters such as Silicon valley and innovation in high tech industries. This research provides evidence to support the impact collaborative research has on the disparate individuals toward their innovative contributions to their organisations and their own professional development. This study adopts a qualitative approach and uncovers some of the challenges of multi-disciplinary research through case study insights. The contribution of this paper recommends the establishment of scaffolding to accommodate cooperation in research networks, role appointment, and addressing contextual complexities early to avoid problem cultivation. Furthermore, it suggests recommendations in relation to network formation, intra-network challenges in relation to open data, competition, friendships, and competency enhancement. The network capability is enhanced by the adoption of the relevant theories; network theory, open innovation, and social exchange, with the understanding that the network structure has an impact on innovation and social exchange in research networks. The research concludes that there is an opportunity to deepen our understanding of the impact of network reuse and network hoping that provides scaffolding for the network members to enhance and build upon their knowledge using a progressive approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research%20networks" title="research networks">research networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=competency%20building" title=" competency building"> competency building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory" title=" network theory"> network theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127590/research-networks-and-knowledge-sharing-an-exploratory-study-of-aquaculture-in-europe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127590.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9157</span> Internet of Things: Route Search Optimization Applying Ant Colony Algorithm and Theory of Computer Science</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tushar%20Bhardwaj">Tushar Bhardwaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Internet of Things (IoT) possesses a dynamic network where the network nodes (mobile devices) are added and removed constantly and randomly, hence the traffic distribution in the network is quite variable and irregular. The basic but very important part in any network is route searching. We have many conventional route searching algorithms like link-state, and distance vector algorithms but they are restricted to the static point to point network topology. In this paper we propose a model that uses the Ant Colony Algorithm for route searching. It is dynamic in nature and has positive feedback mechanism that conforms to the route searching. We have also embedded the concept of Non-Deterministic Finite Automata [NDFA] minimization to reduce the network to increase the performance. Results show that Ant Colony Algorithm gives the shortest path from the source to destination node and NDFA minimization reduces the broadcasting storm effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=routing" title="routing">routing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20algorithm" title=" ant colony algorithm"> ant colony algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDFA" title=" NDFA"> NDFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1965/internet-of-things-route-search-optimization-applying-ant-colony-algorithm-and-theory-of-computer-science" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9156</span> Value Chain Network: A Social Network Analysis of the Value Chain Actors of Recycled Polymer Products in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olamide%20Shittu">Olamide Shittu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olayinka%20Akanle"> Olayinka Akanle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Value Chain Analysis is a common method of examining the stages involved in the production of a product, mostly agricultural produce, from the input to the consumption stage including the actors involved in each stage. However, the Functional Institutional Analysis is the most common method in literature employed to analyze the value chain of products. Apart from studying the relatively neglected phenomenon of recycled polymer products in Lagos Metropolis, this paper adopted the use of social network analysis to attempt a grounded theory of the nature of social network that exists among the value chain actors of the subject matter. The study adopted a grounded theory approach by conducting in-depth interviews, administering questionnaires and conducting observations among the identified value chain actors of recycled polymer products in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. The thematic analysis of the collected data gave the researchers the needed background to formulate a truly representative network of the social relationships among the value chain actors of recycled polymer products in Lagos Metropolis. The paper introduced concepts such as Transient and Perennial Social Ties to explain the observed social relations among the actors. Some actors have more social capital than others as a result of the structural holes that exist in their triad network. Households and resource recoverers are at disadvantaged position in the network as they have high constraints in their relationships with other actors. The study attempted to provide a new perspective in the study of the environmental value chain by analyzing the network of actors to bring about policy action points and improve recycling in Nigeria. Government and social entrepreneurs can exploit the structural holes that exist in the network for the socio-economic and sustainable development of the state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20polymer%20products" title="recycled polymer products">recycled polymer products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20network%20analysis" title=" social network analysis"> social network analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20ties" title=" social ties"> social ties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20chain%20analysis" title=" value chain analysis"> value chain analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77790/value-chain-network-a-social-network-analysis-of-the-value-chain-actors-of-recycled-polymer-products-in-lagos-metropolis-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9155</span> Identifying Network Subgraph-Associated Essential Genes in Molecular Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efendi%20Zaenudin">Efendi Zaenudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Hung%20Huang"> Chien-Hung Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ka-Lok%20Ng"> Ka-Lok Ng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Essential genes play an important role in the survival of an organism. It has been shown that cancer-associated essential genes are genes necessary for cancer cell proliferation, where these genes are potential therapeutic targets. Also, it was demonstrated that mutations of the cancer-associated essential genes give rise to the resistance of immunotherapy for patients with tumors. In the present study, we focus on studying the biological effects of the essential genes from a network perspective. We hypothesize that one can analyze a biological molecular network by decomposing it into both three-node and four-node digraphs (subgraphs). These network subgraphs encode the regulatory interaction information among the network’s genetic elements. In this study, the frequency of occurrence of the subgraph-associated essential genes in a molecular network was quantified by using the statistical parameter, odds ratio. Biological effects of subgraph-associated essential genes are discussed. In summary, the subgraph approach provides a systematic method for analyzing molecular networks and it can capture useful biological information for biomedical research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20molecular%20networks" title="biological molecular networks">biological molecular networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20genes" title=" essential genes"> essential genes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title=" graph theory"> graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20subgraphs" title=" network subgraphs"> network subgraphs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128285/identifying-network-subgraph-associated-essential-genes-in-molecular-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9154</span> Altered Network Organization in Mild Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Resting-State EEG</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Feng%20Lu">Chia-Feng Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuh-Jen%20Wang"> Yuh-Jen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shin%20Teng"> Shin Teng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Te%20Wu"> Yu-Te Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sui-Hing%20Yan"> Sui-Hing Yan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brain functional networks based on resting-state EEG data were compared between patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (mAD) and matched patients with amnestic subtype of mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). We integrated the time–frequency cross mutual information (TFCMI) method to estimate the EEG functional connectivity between cortical regions and the network analysis based on graph theory to further investigate the alterations of functional networks in mAD compared with aMCI group. We aimed at investigating the changes of network integrity, local clustering, information processing efficiency, and fault tolerance in mAD brain networks for different frequency bands based on several topological properties, including degree, strength, clustering coefficient, shortest path length, and efficiency. Results showed that the disruptions of network integrity and reductions of network efficiency in mAD characterized by lower degree, decreased clustering coefficient, higher shortest path length, and reduced global and local efficiencies in the delta, theta, beta2, and gamma bands were evident. The significant changes in network organization can be used in assisting discrimination of mAD from aMCI in clinical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20connectivity" title=" functional connectivity"> functional connectivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20theory" title=" graph theory"> graph theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TFCMI" title=" TFCMI"> TFCMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13268/altered-network-organization-in-mild-alzheimers-disease-compared-to-mild-cognitive-impairment-using-resting-state-eeg" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9153</span> The Theory of Relativity (K)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Vladimirovich%20Kuzminov">Igor Vladimirovich Kuzminov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The proposed article is an alternative version of the Theory of Relativity. The version is based on the concepts of classical Newtonian physics and does not deny the existing calculation base. The proposed theory completely denies Einstein's existing Theory of Relativity. The only thing that connects these theories is that the proposed theory is also built on postulates. The proposed theory is intended to establish the foundation of classical Newtonian physics. The proposed theory is intended to establish continuity in the development of the fundamentals of physics and is intended to eliminate all kinds of speculation in explanations of physical phenomena. An example of such speculation is Einstein's Theory of Relativity (E). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20theory%20of%20relativity" title="the theory of relativity">the theory of relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postulates%20of%20the%20theory%20of%20relativity" title=" postulates of the theory of relativity"> postulates of the theory of relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criticism%20of%20Einstein%27s%20theory" title=" criticism of Einstein's theory"> criticism of Einstein's theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classical%20physics" title=" classical physics"> classical physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188535/the-theory-of-relativity-k" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188535.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9152</span> Capitalizing on Differential Network Ties: Unpacking Individual Creativity from Social Capital Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuanyuan%20Wang">Yuanyuan Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Hui"> Chun Hui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drawing on social capital theory, this article discusses how individuals may utilize network ties to come up with creativity. Social capital theory elaborates how network ties enhances individual creativity from three dimensions: structural access, and relational and cognitive mechanisms. We categorize network ties into strong and weak in terms of tie strength. With less structural constraints, weak ties allow diverse and heterogeneous knowledge to prosper, further facilitating individuals to build up connections among diverse even distant ideas. On the other hand, strong ties with the relational mechanism of cooperation and trust may benefit the accumulation of psychological capital, ultimately to motivate and sustain creativity. We suggest that differential ties play different roles for individual creativity: Weak ties deliver informational benefit directly rifling individual creativity from informational resource aspect; strong ties offer solidarity benefits to reinforce psychological capital, which further inspires individual creativity engagement from a psychological viewpoint. Social capital embedded in network ties influence individuals’ informational acquisition, motivation, as well as cognitive ability to be creative. Besides, we also consider the moderating effects constraining the relatedness between network ties and creativity, such as knowledge articulability. We hypothesize that when the extent of knowledge articulability is low, that is, with low knowledge codifiability, and high dependency and ambiguity, weak ties previous serving as knowledge reservoir will not become ineffective on individual creativity. Two-wave survey will be employed in Mainland China to empirically test mentioned propositions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20ties" title="network ties">network ties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20capital" title=" social capital"> social capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20capital" title=" psychological capital"> psychological capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20articulability" title=" knowledge articulability"> knowledge articulability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=individual%20creativity" title=" individual creativity"> individual creativity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26207/capitalizing-on-differential-network-ties-unpacking-individual-creativity-from-social-capital-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9151</span> An Application of Graph Theory to The Electrical Circuit Using Matrix Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samai%27la%20Abdullahi">Samai'la Abdullahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A graph is a pair of two set and so that a graph is a pictorial representation of a system using two basic element nodes and edges. A node is represented by a circle (either hallo shade) and edge is represented by a line segment connecting two nodes together. In this paper, we present a circuit network in the concept of graph theory application and also circuit models of graph are represented in logical connection method were we formulate matrix method of adjacency and incidence of matrix and application of truth table. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=euler%20circuit%20and%20path" title="euler circuit and path">euler circuit and path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph%20representation%20of%20circuit%20networks" title=" graph representation of circuit networks"> graph representation of circuit networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20of%20graph%20models" title=" representation of graph models"> representation of graph models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=representation%20of%20circuit%20network%20using%20logical%20truth%20table" title=" representation of circuit network using logical truth table"> representation of circuit network using logical truth table</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32358/an-application-of-graph-theory-to-the-electrical-circuit-using-matrix-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32358.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">561</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9150</span> The Magic Bullet in Africa: Exploring an Alternative Theoretical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Nkrumah">Daniel Nkrumah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Magic Bullet theory was a popular media effect theory that defined the power of the mass media in altering beliefs and perceptions of its audiences. However, following the People's Choice study, the theory was said to have been disproved and was supplanted by the Two-Step Flow Theory. This paper examines the relevance of the Magic Bullet theory in Africa and establishes whether it is still relevant in Africa's media spaces and societies. Using selected cases on the continent, it adopts a grounded theory approach and explores a new theoretical model that attempts to enforce an argument that the Two-Step Flow theory though important and valid, was ill-conceived as a direct replacement to the Magic Bullet theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magic%20bullet%20theory" title="magic bullet theory">magic bullet theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-step%20flow%20theory" title=" two-step flow theory"> two-step flow theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media%20effects" title=" media effects"> media effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=african%20media" title=" african media"> african media</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168592/the-magic-bullet-in-africa-exploring-an-alternative-theoretical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9149</span> Sampling Effects on Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Network of Multiagent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20J.%20Park">M. J. Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Lee"> S. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Lee"> C. H. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20M.%20Kwon"> O. M. Kwon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies a secondary voltage control framework of the microgrids based on the consensus for a communication network of multiagent. The proposed control is designed by the communication network with one-way links. The communication network is modeled by a directed graph. At this time, the concept of sampling is considered as the communication constraint among each distributed generator in the microgrids. To analyze the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids, by using Lyapunov theory and some mathematical techniques, the sufficient condition for such problem will be established regarding linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, some simulation results are given to illustrate the necessity of the consideration of the sampling effects on the secondary voltage control of the microgrids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgrids" title="microgrids">microgrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20control" title=" secondary control"> secondary control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiagent" title=" multiagent"> multiagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sampling" title=" sampling"> sampling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMI" title=" LMI"> LMI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477/sampling-effects-on-secondary-voltage-control-of-microgrids-based-on-network-of-multiagent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9148</span> Ordinary Differentiation Equations (ODE) Reconstruction of High-Dimensional Genetic Networks through Game Theory with Application to Dissecting Tree Salt Tolerance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libo%20Jiang">Libo Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huan%20Li"> Huan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rongling%20Wu"> Rongling Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ordinary differentiation equations (ODE) have proven to be powerful for reconstructing precise and informative gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from dynamic gene expression data. However, joint modeling and analysis of all genes, essential for the systematical characterization of genetic interactions, are challenging due to high dimensionality and a complex pattern of genetic regulation including activation, repression, and antitermination. Here, we address these challenges by unifying variable selection and game theory through ODE. Each gene within a GRN is co-expressed with its partner genes in a way like a game of multiple players, each of which tends to choose an optimal strategy to maximize its “fitness” across the whole network. Based on this unifying theory, we designed and conducted a real experiment to infer salt tolerance-related GRNs for Euphrates poplar, a hero tree that can grow in the saline desert. The pattern and magnitude of interactions between several hub genes within these GRNs were found to determine the capacity of Euphrates poplar to resist to saline stress. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20regulatory%20network" title="gene regulatory network">gene regulatory network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20differential%20equation" title=" ordinary differential equation"> ordinary differential equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=game%20theory" title=" game theory"> game theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LASSO" title=" LASSO"> LASSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=saline%20resistance" title=" saline resistance"> saline resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65286/ordinary-differentiation-equations-ode-reconstruction-of-high-dimensional-genetic-networks-through-game-theory-with-application-to-dissecting-tree-salt-tolerance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">639</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9147</span> Network Security Attacks and Defences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranbir%20Singh">Ranbir Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepinder%20Kaur"> Deepinder Kaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Network security is an important aspect in every field like government offices, Educational Institute and any business organization. Network security consists of the policies adopted to prevent and monitor forbidden access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network. Network security is very complicated subject and deal by only well trained and experienced people. However, as more and more people become wired, an increasing number of people need to understand the basics of security in a networked world. The history of the network security included an introduction to the TCP/IP and interworking. Network security starts with authenticating, commonly with a username and a password. In this paper, we study about various types of attacks on network security and how to handle or prevent this attack. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20security" title="network security">network security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attacks" title=" attacks"> attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=denial" title=" denial"> denial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=authenticating" title=" authenticating"> authenticating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53007/network-security-attacks-and-defences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9146</span> Comparison between Continuous Genetic Algorithms and Particle Swarm Optimization for Distribution Network Reconfiguration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linh%20Nguyen%20Tung">Linh Nguyen Tung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anh%20Truong%20Viet"> Anh Truong Viet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nghien%20Nguyen%20Ba"> Nghien Nguyen Ba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuong%20Trinh%20Trong"> Chuong Trinh Trong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a reconfiguration methodology based on a continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for minimizing active power loss and minimizing voltage deviation. Both algorithms are adapted using graph theory to generate feasible individuals, and the modified crossover is used for continuous variable of CGA. To demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed methods, a comparative analysis of CGA with PSO for network reconfiguration, on 33-node and 119-bus radial distribution system is presented. The simulation results have shown that both CGA and PSO can be used in the distribution network reconfiguration and CGA outperformed PSO with significant success rate in finding optimal distribution network configuration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20network%20reconfiguration" title="distribution network reconfiguration">distribution network reconfiguration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=continuous%20genetic%20algorithm" title=" continuous genetic algorithm"> continuous genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20loss%20reduction" title=" power loss reduction"> power loss reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20deviation" title=" voltage deviation"> voltage deviation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101407/comparison-between-continuous-genetic-algorithms-and-particle-swarm-optimization-for-distribution-network-reconfiguration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9145</span> Sustainable Enterprise Theory: A Starting Point for Reporting Sustainable Business Values </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Fagerstrom">Arne Fagerstrom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Cunningham"> Gary Cunningham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fredrik%20Hartwig"> Fredrik Hartwig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a theory of sustainable enterprises, sustainable enterprise theory (SET), is developed. The sustainable enterprise theory can only be a valid theory if knowledge about life and nature is complete. Knowledge limitations should not stop enterprises from doing business with a goal of better long-term life on earth. Life demands stewardship of the resources used during one’s lifetime. This paper develops a model influenced by (the classical) enterprise theory and resource theory that includes more than money in the business activities of an enterprise. The sustainable enterprise theory is then used in an analysis of accountability and in discussions about sustainable businesses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20business" title="sustainable business">sustainable business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20reporting" title=" sustainability reporting"> sustainability reporting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20values" title=" sustainable values"> sustainable values</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20the%20firm" title=" theory of the firm"> theory of the firm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453/sustainable-enterprise-theory-a-starting-point-for-reporting-sustainable-business-values" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9144</span> Strategic Planning in South African Higher Education </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noxolo%20Mafu">Noxolo Mafu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents an overview of strategic planning in South African higher education institutions by tracing its trends and mystique in order to identify its impact. Over the democratic decades, strategic planning has become integral to institutional survival. It has been used as a potent tool by several institutions to catch up and surpass counterparts. While planning has always been part of higher education, strategic planning should be considered different. Strategic planning is primarily about development and maintenance of a strategic fitting between an institution and its dynamic opportunities. This presupposes existence of sets of stages that institutions pursue of which, can be regarded for assessment of the impact of strategic planning in an institution. The network theory serves guides the study in demystifying apparent organisational networks in strategic planning processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory" title="network theory">network theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planning" title=" planning"> planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20planning" title=" strategic planning"> strategic planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assessment" title=" assessment"> assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact" title=" impact"> impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57681/strategic-planning-in-south-african-higher-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9143</span> Visualizing the Commercial Activity of a City by Analyzing the Data Information in Layers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taras%20Agryzkov">Taras Agryzkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20L.%20Oliver"> Jose L. Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leandro%20Tortosa"> Leandro Tortosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Vicent"> Jose Vicent</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to demonstrate how network models can be used to understand and to deal with some aspects of urban complexity. As it is well known, the Theory of Architecture and Urbanism has been using for decades’ intellectual tools based on the ‘sciences of complexity’ as a strategy to propose theoretical approaches about cities and about architecture. In this sense, it is possible to find a vast literature in which for instance network theory is used as an instrument to understand very diverse questions about cities: from their commercial activity to their heritage condition. The contribution of this research consists in adding one step of complexity to this process: instead of working with one single primal graph as it is usually done, we will show how new network models arise from the consideration of two different primal graphs interacting in two layers. When we model an urban network through a mathematical structure like a graph, the city is usually represented by a set of nodes and edges that reproduce its topology, with the data generated or extracted from the city embedded in it. All this information is normally displayed in a single layer. Here, we propose to separate the information in two layers so that we can evaluate the interaction between them. Besides, both layers may be composed of structures that do not have to coincide: from this bi-layer system, groups of interactions emerge, suggesting reflections and in consequence, possible actions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphs" title="graphs">graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networks" title=" networks"> networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20studies" title=" urban studies"> urban studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97085/visualizing-the-commercial-activity-of-a-city-by-analyzing-the-data-information-in-layers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20theory&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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