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<li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Economic impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Problems_and_shortcomings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Problems_and_shortcomings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Problems and shortcomings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Problems_and_shortcomings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Designs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Designs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Designs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-LASH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LASH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>LASH</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LASH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_data" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_data"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Technical data</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_data-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea_Bee_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea_Bee_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sea Bee system</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea_Bee_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technical_data_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_data_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Technical data</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Additional reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%86%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%BF" title="Φορτηγιδοφόρο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φορτηγιδοφόρο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porte-barges" title="Porte-barges – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Porte-barges" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portachiatte" title="Portachiatte – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portachiatte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihterku%C4%A3is" title="Lihterkuģis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lihterkuģis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABrinis_bar%C5%BEove%C5%BEis" title="Jūrinis baržovežis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jūrinis baržovežis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_aboard_ship" title="Lighter aboard ship – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lighter aboard ship" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E8%88%B9" title="ラッシュ船 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラッシュ船" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkowcowy_system_transportowy" title="Barkowcowy system transportowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barkowcowy system transportowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nav%C4%83_port-barje" title="Navă port-barje – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Navă port-barje" 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Lighter_aboard_ship" title="Special:EditPage/Lighter aboard ship">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22">"Lighter aboard ship"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Lighter+aboard+ship%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lash_vessel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lash_vessel.JPG/260px-Lash_vessel.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lash_vessel.JPG/390px-Lash_vessel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Lash_vessel.JPG/520px-Lash_vessel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>MV <i>Rhine Forest</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rotterdam" title="Port of Rotterdam">Port of Rotterdam</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>lighter aboard ship</b> (<b>LASH</b>) system refers to the practice of loading <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lighter_(barge)" title="Lighter (barge)">lighters</a>) aboard a bigger <a href="/wiki/Marine_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine vessel">vessel</a> for <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a>. It was developed in response to a need to transport lighters, a type of (usually but not always) unpowered barge, between <a href="/wiki/Inland_waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland waterway">inland waterways</a> separated by open <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">seas</a>. Lighters are typically towed or pushed around <a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">harbors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> or <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> and cannot be relocated under their own power. The carrier ships are known variously as <b>LASH carriers</b>, <b>barge carriers</b>, <b>kangaroo ships</b> or <b>lighter transport ships</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg/220px-70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg/330px-70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg/440px-70th_Naval_Construction_Battalion_Seabees_operating_a_6_x_20_barge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>70th Naval Construction Battalion Seabees operating a 6 x 20 barge</figcaption></figure> <p>During World War II the United States <a href="/wiki/Seabees" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabees">Seabees</a> developed a pontoon assembly for moving cargo from transports to assault beachheads that met the needs at the time that was the forerunner to the <b>LASH system</b>. By the 1950s, the needs of <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a> transport customers were no longer being met by the <a href="/wiki/Break_bulk_cargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Break bulk cargo">break bulk</a> system of loading individual cargo pieces into a ship's hold. The dimensions and shapes of cargo pieces varied widely, and the ISO standard <a href="/wiki/Cargo_container" class="mw-redirect" title="Cargo container">cargo container</a> had only slowly begun to be adopted during the 1960s. Large <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">container terminals</a> with extensive conveyor systems and storage areas were still only in planning or in the development stages. </p><p>The LASH system was developed as an alternative and supplement to the developing container system. The lighters, which may be characterized as floating cargo containers, served dual purposes: <a href="/wiki/Water_transportation" title="Water transportation">transportation over water</a>, and the establishment of a modular, standardized shape for loading and unloading cargo. The lighters are loaded onto a LASH carrier at the port of embarkation and unloaded from the ship at the port of destination. Each lighter was approximately 60 ft × 30 ft × 15 ft (18.3 m × 9.1 m × 4.6 m) (L×W×H), with a capacity of 385 t (379 long tons; 424 short tons) and 550 m<sup>3</sup> (19,000 cu ft); the dry (unladen) weight of each steel lighter was 3.9 t (4.3 short tons).<sup id="cite_ref-MaritX-2020_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaritX-2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam,_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg/220px-Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg/330px-Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg/440px-Eerste_Kangoeroeschip_Acadia_Forest_wordt_gelost_in_Rotterdam%2C_Bestanddeelnr_923-0441.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3687" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Stern of <i>Acadia Forest</i>, photographed in Rotterdam, showing one of the lighters on the <a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">gantry crane</a>, positioned fully aft.</figcaption></figure> <p>The system was developed during the 1960s by the American shipbuilding engineer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Goldman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome Goldman (page does not exist)">Jerome Goldman</a>. <i>Acadia Forest</i>, commissioned in September 1969,<sup id="cite_ref-MaritX-2020_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MaritX-2020-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the first LASH carrier - the ship could take up 75 standardized lighters, with about 376 metric tons of total loading capacity. At the time, it was a novel kind of ship, the first vessel designed primarily to transport other, smaller ships. </p><p>In the late 1980s, the Soviet Union built <i><a href="/wiki/Sevmorput" title="Sevmorput">Sevmorput</a></i>, a nuclear-powered LASH carrier. <i>Sevmorput</i> is one of only four nuclear powered cargo vessels ever built, and is the largest and the only one in an active commercial service, as it mainly operates in the Russian domestic waters along the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">Northern Sea Route</a>, where it's unencumbered by <a href="/wiki/Anti-nuclear_movement" title="Anti-nuclear movement">the ports' unwillingness to accommodate nuclear ships</a>, a problem that made other nuclear cargo vessels impractical. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of its invention, the system was considered by experts to be a considerable advancement in shipping technology. LASH carriers were able to transport five times more cargo than a comparable conventional transport ship, the loading and unloading process was much more efficient, and a lack of harbor equipment or quay moorings provided no obstacle, as the lighters could be loaded directly onto the ship. The system also relieved the pressure to unload as quickly as possible, since the lighters already in the water could be moved while others were being unloaded. All told, these ships spent more than 80% of their annual application time at sea, whereas the conventional ships often lay at harbor for as much as half the year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problems_and_shortcomings">Problems and shortcomings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Problems and shortcomings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New problems which were as yet unknown to shipping companies arose with the advent of the LASH system and similar barge carriers. Aboard the carrier ship, the lighter is simply a large cargo container, but in the seaport and on the inland waterways it becomes a vessel. As a vessel, they are subject to requirements for equipment regulations like <a href="/wiki/Anchor" title="Anchor">anchors</a>. Also, serving waterways which freeze over in winter required a high capital expenditure. </p><p>Studies showed that the costs of addressing these issues, along with the costs of operating the carrier ships and their lighters, were much higher than for the customary <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">freighter</a> ships or the ISO-compliant container ships that were beginning to conquer the transportation market. While barge carriers and lighters are a technologically interesting sea transport system, they are economic only under certain specific conditions of traffic and economy.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preservation">Preservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 15 December 2007, <i>Rhine Forest</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ex-<i>Bilderdijk</i> of the <a href="/wiki/Holland-Amerika_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland-Amerika Line">Holland-Amerika Line</a>, entered the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rotterdam" title="Port of Rotterdam">Port of Rotterdam</a> for the last time, prior to being withdrawn from service because of low utilization on the <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a>/Rotterdam route. It is a sister ship of <a href="/wiki/MS_M%C3%BCnchen" title="MS München">MS <i>München</i></a>. The LASH lighter with registration p. CG 6013 was donated to <i><a href="/wiki/Binnenvaartmuseum" title="Binnenvaartmuseum">De Binnenvaart</a></i>, an inland-shipping museum in <a href="/wiki/Dordrecht" title="Dordrecht">Dordrecht</a>, where it is now part of an exhibit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Designs">Designs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LASH">LASH</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: LASH"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg/220px-Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg/330px-Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg/440px-Lash_Turkiye_IMO_7034335_S_Piraeus_03-1971.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="1136" /></a><figcaption><i>Lash Turkiye</i> 1971 in Piraeus</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg/220px-Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg/330px-Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg/440px-Yulius_Fuchik_1992-09-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1795" data-file-height="1205" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MV_Yulius_Fuchik" title="MV Yulius Fuchik"><i>Yulius Fuchik</i></a>, a Soviet and later Ukrainian barge carrier based on the Sea Bee system.</figcaption></figure> <p>LASH barges are loaded at inland river and shallow ports. Then, the barges are towed to ocean port's fleeting areas to meet the LASH mother vessel. On arrival, the mother vessel crane lifts the LASH barges onto the ships. LASH cargo does not require <a href="/wiki/Transshipment" title="Transshipment">transshipment</a>, as the movement from the origin to destination takes place with a single bill of lading. </p><p>An important technical problem raised by the invention of the new transport system was the shape of the lighters. Several other designs, differentiated mainly by the shape of the lighters and the loading mechanism, were proposed, but the LASH system found the largest range of applications. In this approach, the lighters were individually lifted onto the carrier ship by a large <a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">gantry crane</a> located at the stern of the ship. The crane could move the entire length of the ship and stack the lighters atop each other in the ship's body and on the deck. The cranes had a load-carrying capacity of more than 500 Mp. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Loading or unloading a lighter took on average fifteen minutes. LASH ships were constructed in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> and the US with almost uniform parameters. </p><p>The host vessel is sometimes purpose-built or modified with a door at the waterline, to allow the payloads to be loaded and unloaded without special lifting equipment. An example would be <a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Florida_(AK-5071)" title="SS Cape Florida (AK-5071)">SS <i>Cape Florida (AK-5071)</i></a> (originally <i>LASH Turkiye</i>), built at <a href="/wiki/Avondale_Shipyard" title="Avondale Shipyard">Avondale Shipyard</a> for the American shipping line Prudential Grace, and later transferred to the Ready Reserve Fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_data">Technical data</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technical data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-right:1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>LASH Carrier </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter</th> <th>LASH 1</th> <th>LASH 2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Overall length</td> <td>262 m<br />860 ft</td> <td>250 m<br />820 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>32.50 m<br />106.6 ft</td> <td>30.50 m<br />100.1 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>11.30 m<br />37.1 ft</td> <td>10.70 m<br />35.1 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tonnage</td> <td>43,000 t<br />47,000 short tons</td> <td>29,600 t<br />32,600 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speed</td> <td>19 kn<br />35 km/h; 22 mph</td> <td>22 kn<br />41 km/h; 25 mph </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power</td> <td>26,000 hp<br />19,000 kW</td> <td>32,000 hp<br />24,000 kW </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>LASH Lighter </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameter</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td>18.70 m<br />61.4 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>9.50 m<br />31.2 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Headway</td> <td>4.00 m<br />13.12 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weight</td> <td>80.00 t<br />88.18 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capacity</td> <td>380.00 t<br />418.88 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>2.60 m<br />8 ft 6 in </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea_Bee_system">Sea Bee system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sea Bee system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Type_C8-class_ship" title="Type C8-class ship">Type C8-class ship</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capemohican3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capemohican3.jpg/220px-Capemohican3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capemohican3.jpg/330px-Capemohican3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Capemohican3.jpg/440px-Capemohican3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mohican_(T-AKR-5065)" title="SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065)">SS <i>Cape Mohican</i> (T-AKR-5065)</a> built as the SS <i>Tillie Lykes</i> a type C8-S-82a</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_May_underway.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cape_May_underway.jpg/220px-Cape_May_underway.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cape_May_underway.jpg/330px-Cape_May_underway.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cape_May_underway.jpg/440px-Cape_May_underway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_May_(T-AKR-5063)" title="SS Cape May (T-AKR-5063)">SS <i>Cape May</i> (T-AKR-5063)</a> at C8-S-82a type ship</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SSCapeMendocino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/SSCapeMendocino.jpg/220px-SSCapeMendocino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/SSCapeMendocino.jpg/330px-SSCapeMendocino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/SSCapeMendocino.jpg/440px-SSCapeMendocino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>SS <i>Cape Mendocino</i> a type C8-S-82a</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:150926-N-KK081-196_(22851642026).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg/220px-150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg/330px-150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg/440px-150926-N-KK081-196_%2822851642026%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>150926-N-KK081-196 (22851642026) The improved Navy lighterage system (INLS)</figcaption></figure> <p>Another related system was the <i>Sea Bee</i>, which had a lifting system located at the stern of the carrier ship, known as <a href="/wiki/Type_C8-class_ship" title="Type C8-class ship">Type C8-class ship</a>. The lift, known as a "Syncrolift" was a platform that could be lowered below the water surface. Two lighters weighing up to 1,000 metric tons are maneuvered onto the submerged platform and raised to the height of the deck, where special rails engage and transport the lighters down the length of the ship to their berthings. The lighters used in the Sea Bee system are considerably larger than the LASH lighter, and the loading hardware is also stronger, with a lifting force of more than 2,000 Mp. </p><p>The first ship of a series of three Sea Bee ships was <a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mendocino_(T-AKR-5064)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cape Mendocino (T-AKR-5064)">SS <i>Doctor Lykes</i></a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_May_(T-AKR-5063)" title="SS Cape May (T-AKR-5063)">SS <i>Almeria Lykes</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mohican_(T-AKR-5065)" title="SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065)">SS <i>Tillie Lykes</i></a> all of which were operated by <a href="/wiki/Lykes_Brothers_Steamship_Company" title="Lykes Brothers Steamship Company">Lykes Brothers Steamship Company</a>. The "Sea Bee" vessels had three decks and could transport 38 lighters (12 on the lower decks and 14 on the upper deck). The dual function of the ship is noteworthy, as it had storage tanks with a capacity of nearly 36000 m³ volume built into its sides and the unusually large double hull, allowing it to be used also as a product tanker. The ships were later purchased by <a href="/wiki/Military_Sealift_Command" title="Military Sealift Command">Military Sealift Command</a>. </p><p>Finnish state-owned shipbuilding company <a href="/wiki/Valmet" title="Valmet">Valmet</a> built two barge carriers largely based on the Sea Bee system for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vuosaari_Shipyard" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuosaari Shipyard">Vuosaari Shipyard</a> in the late 1970s, <a href="/wiki/MV_Yulius_Fuchik" title="MV Yulius Fuchik"><i>Yulius Fuchik</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/MV_Tibor_Szamueli" title="MV Tibor Szamueli"><i>Tibor Szamueli</i></a>. Of these, <i>Yulius Fuchik</i> was featured in a prominent role in the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Storm_Rising" title="Red Storm Rising">Red Storm Rising</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy" title="Tom Clancy">Tom Clancy</a>, where it was modified to masquerade as <i>Doctor Lykes.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_data_2">Technical data</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Technical data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-right:1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>Seabee-Carrier </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Overall length</td> <td>266.70 m<br />875.0 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>32.26 m<br />105.8 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Height to the first deck</td> <td>9.70 m<br />31.8 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Height to the main deck</td> <td>16.10 m<br />52.8 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Height to the upper deck</td> <td>22.80 m<br />74.8 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>10.00 m<br />32.81 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capacity</td> <td>27,500 t<br />30,300 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Displacement</td> <td>45,400 t<br />50,000 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speed</td> <td>20 kn<br />37 km/h; 23 mph </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power</td> <td>36,000 hp<br />27,000 kW </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>Seabee-Lighter </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td>29.75 m<br />97.6 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>10.67 m<br />35.0 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Headway</td> <td>3.80 m<br />12.5 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Weight</td> <td>150 t<br />170 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capacity</td> <td>850 t<br />940 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>3.25 m<br />10.7 ft </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BACAT_system">BACAT system</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BACAT system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Danish project with the name BACAT (Barge-Catamaran) was introduced at the end of 1973. It was used for the transport of several hundred thousand metric tons of load between northern Europe and Great Britain. The system was similar to the Sea Bee, but the lighters were smaller and had an individual load-carrying capacity of only 140 tons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_data_3">Technical data</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Technical data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-right:1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>BACAT-Carrier </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Overall length</td> <td>103.50 m<br />339.6 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>20.70 m<br />67.9 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Headway</td> <td>10.50 m<br />34.4 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>5.40 m<br />17.7 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capacity</td> <td>2,700 t<br />3,000 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speed</td> <td>13 kn<br />24 km/h; 15 mph </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power</td> <td>2,250 hp<br />1,680 kW </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>BACAT-Lighters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th>Lighter type 1</th> <th>Lighter type 2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td>16.80 m<br />55.1 ft</td> <td>18.75 m<br />61.5 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>4.70 m<br />15.4 ft</td> <td>9.50 m<br />31.2 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>2.47 m<br />8 ft 1 in</td> <td>2.50 m<br />8 ft 2 in </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capacity</td> <td>140 t<br />150 short tons</td> <td>370 t<br />410 short tons </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BACO_System">BACO System</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: BACO System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg/220px-Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg/330px-Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg/440px-Baco-Liner_2_IMO_7904621_S_Hamburg_1982_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2271" data-file-height="1450" /></a><figcaption><i>Baco Liner 2</i> 1982 during float-in of barges</figcaption></figure> <p>1979 saw the introduction of the BaCo system, newly developed by Captain H. Mönke and Thyssen <a href="/wiki/Nordseewerke" title="Nordseewerke">Nordseewerke</a>, in which the carrier could transport barges in addition to standard <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">shipping containers</a>, therefore the name <i>BaCo</i>. In addition, the barges were floated into the flooded hold through bow doors, akin to how ships enter a <a href="/wiki/Floating_dry_dock" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating dry dock">floating dry dock</a>. The hold could be made watertight by closing two vertically foldable inner doors and two large outer doors; water in the hold could be pumped out during sea passage. The deck was suited for the stowage of <a href="/wiki/Containers" class="mw-redirect" title="Containers">containers</a>, for which a movable <a href="/wiki/Gantry_crane" title="Gantry crane">gantry crane</a> was provided. </p><p>The BaCo barges were relatively large compared to the LASH barges, having a <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">deadweight</a> of 800 t, whereby the max. draught was very large with 4.15 m. The BaCo beam of 9.5 m corresponded to the standard beam of European <a href="/wiki/Inland_waterway_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Inland waterway transport">inland waterway transport</a> barges, so that also four Europa barges of Type I could be stored instead of the 12 Baco barges. The container capacity was 652 <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">TEU</a> </p><p>In total three <a href="/wiki/Baco_Liner" title="Baco Liner">Baco Liners</a> were built between 1979 and 1984, named <i><a href="/wiki/Baco_Liner" title="Baco Liner">Baco Liner</a> 1</i>, Baco-Liner 2 and <i>Baco Liner 3</i>. Owner was the Baco-Liner GmbH Emden, founded by the shipyard, the Rhein-, Maas- und See-Schiffahrtskontor GmbH (RMS) as well as <a href="/wiki/Rhenus_(company)" title="Rhenus (company)">Rhenus</a>-WTAG, Dortmund. Operator was RMS. The BaCo barges were among others built by Cassens-Werft in Emden. </p><p>The Baco-Liners were employed in the liner's service between Northern Europe and West Africa and sailed without major incidents. After the sea transport shifted more and more to containers, the ships were scrapped between 2012 and 2013. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technical_data_4">Technical data</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Technical data"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="float:left; margin-right:1em;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>BaCo-Liner </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length over all</td> <td>204.10 m<br />669.6 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>28.50 m<br />93.5 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Depth</td> <td>14.50 m<br />47.6 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>6.65 m<br />21.8 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deadweight</td> <td>21,100 t<br />23,300 short tons </td></tr> <tr> <td>Speed</td> <td>15 kn<br />28 km/h; 17 mph </td></tr> <tr> <td>Power</td> <td>10,570 hp<br />7,880 kW </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="float:left;"> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"> <caption>BaCo shipping units </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Parameters</th> <th>BaCo</th> <th>LASH </th></tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td>24.00 m<br />78.74 ft</td> <td>18.75 m<br />61.5 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beam</td> <td>9.50 m<br />31.2 ft</td> <td>9.50 m<br />31.2 ft </td></tr> <tr> <td>Draught</td> <td>4.15 m<br />13.6 ft</td> <td>2.50 m<br />8 ft 2 in </td></tr> <tr> <td>deadweight</td> <td>800 t<br />880 short tons</td> <td>370 t<br />410 short tons </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maritimephoto.com/collection/vesseltypes/bargecarr">shipslist</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MaritX-2020-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MaritX-2020_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MaritX-2020_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZehner,_JoeScoggin,_David2020" class="citation news cs1">Zehner, Joe; Scoggin, David (January 25, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/remembering-lash">"Remembering LASH"</a>. <i>Maritime Executive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maritime+Executive&rft.atitle=Remembering+LASH&rft.date=2020-01-25&rft.au=Zehner%2C+Joe&rft.au=Scoggin%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maritime-executive.com%2Feditorials%2Fremembering-lash&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALighter+aboard+ship" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030504085625/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2002/09/23/stories/2002092300590600.htm">article in The Hindu Business Line</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.joc.com/maritime-news/myth-megaport_20010610.html">article in JOC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shipoftheday.blogspot.com/2007/04/rhine-forest.html">MV Rhine Forest</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/778">vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov, SS Cape Mendocino</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_reading">Additional reading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Additional reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jahrbuch der Schiffahrt 1974 <i>Schiffe im Schiff</i> (Float on / Floot of) TRANSPRESS Berlin 1973 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Hans Jürgen Witthöft: <i>Huckepack über See</i>, Koeher Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford, 1982, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7822-0275-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-7822-0275-9">3-7822-0275-9</a></li> <li>E. de Jong: <i>BACO - BArgen und COntainer in einem Schiff</i>, Schiffahrt International 3/80, S. 123-124</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lighter_aboard_ship&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lash_vessels" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lash vessels">Lash vessels</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>LASH (explanation)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/lash.htm">[1]</a></li> <li>Shipspotting <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.shipspotting.com/modules/myalbum/photo.php?lid=21894">[2]</a></li> <li>SS Cape Farewell <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.msc.navy.mil/inventory/print.asp?command=type&action=Lighter%20Aboard%20Ship">[3]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Type_C8_ships" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Type_C8_ships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Type_C8_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Type C8 ship">Type C8 ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">C8-S-81b</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_LASH_Italia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS LASH Italia (page does not exist)"><i>LASH Italia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Florida_(AK-5071)" title="SS Cape Florida (AK-5071)"><i>LASH Turkiye</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Cape_Fear_(AK-5061)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Cape Fear (AK-5061) (page does not exist)"><i>LASH Espana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Thomas_E._Cuffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Thomas E. Cuffe (page does not exist)"><i>Thomas E. Cuffe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Golden_Bear_(1971)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Golden Bear (1971) (page does not exist)"><i>Golden Bear</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Pacific_Bear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Pacific Bear (page does not exist)"><i>Pacific Bear</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Japan_Bear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Japan Bear (page does not exist)"><i>Japan Bear</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_China_Bear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS China Bear (page does not exist)"><i>China Bear</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_LASH_Atlantico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS LASH Atlantico (page does not exist)"><i>LASH Atlantico</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_LASH_Pacifico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS LASH Pacifico (page does not exist)"><i>LASH Pacifico</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Philippine_Bear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SS Philippine Bear (page does not exist)"><i>Philippine Bear</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">C8-S-82a</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mendocino_(T-AKR-5064)" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cape Mendocino (T-AKR-5064)"><i>Doctor Lykes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_May_(T-AKR-5063)" title="SS Cape May (T-AKR-5063)"><i>Almeria Lykes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mohican_(T-AKR-5065)" title="SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065)"><i>Tillie Lykes</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cape_M-class_heavy_lift_ships" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Cape_M-class_heavy_lift_ships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cape_M-class_heavy_lift_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape M-class heavy lift ship">Cape M-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Heavy_lift_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy lift ship">heavy lift ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_May_(T-AKR-5063)" title="SS Cape May (T-AKR-5063)"><i>Cape May</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mendocino" title="SS Cape Mendocino"><i>Cape Mendocino</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Cape_Mohican_(T-AKR-5065)" title="SS Cape Mohican (T-AKR-5065)"><i>Cape Mohican</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliaries_of_the_United_States_Navy" title="List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy">List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II_Maritime_Commission_ship_designs" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:MARCOMships" title="Template:MARCOMships"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:MARCOMships" title="Template talk:MARCOMships"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MARCOMships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MARCOMships"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II_Maritime_Commission_ship_designs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World War II Maritime Commission ship designs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Cargo designs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_C1_ship" title="Type C1 ship">Type C1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C2_ship" title="Type C2 ship">Type C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C3-class_ship" title="Type C3-class ship">Type C3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C4-class_ship" title="Type C4-class ship">Type C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_C5_ship" title="Type C5 ship">Type C5</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Type_C6_ship" title="Type C6 ship">Type C6</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Type_C7_ship" title="Type C7 ship">Type C7</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Type_C8-class_ship" title="Type C8-class ship">Type C8</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Type_C9_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Type C9 ships">Type C9</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_N3_ship" title="Type N3 ship">Type N3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Emergency cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> ("EC2-S-C1")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_ship" title="Victory ship">Victory ship</a> ("VC2-S-AP1")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Tanker</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T1_tanker" title="T1 tanker">T1 tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T2_tanker" title="T2 tanker">T2 tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T3_tanker" title="T3 tanker">T3 tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> ("Z-ET1-S-C3")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Special-purpose</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Type S2 ("<a href="/wiki/Tacoma-class_frigate" title="Tacoma-class frigate"><i>Tacoma</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a>")</li> <li>Type S3-S2-BP ("<a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">Landing Ship, Tank</a>")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USNS_Neptune_(ARC-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Neptune (ARC-2)">Type S3-S2-BP1</a> ("<a href="/wiki/USNS_Neptune_(ARC-2)" class="mw-redirect" title="USNS Neptune (ARC-2)"><i>Neptune</i>-class cable layer</a>")</li> <li>Type S4-S2-BB3 ("<a href="/wiki/Casablanca-class_escort_carrier" title="Casablanca-class escort carrier"><i>Casablanca</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">escort carrier</a>")</li> <li>Type S4-SE2-BD1 ("<a href="/wiki/Gilliam-class_attack_transport" title="Gilliam-class attack transport"><i>Gilliam</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_transport" title="Attack transport">attack transport</a>")</li> <li>Type S4-SE2-BE1 ("<a href="/wiki/Artemis-class_attack_cargo_ship" title="Artemis-class attack cargo ship"><i>Artemis</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Attack_cargo_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Attack cargo ship">attack cargo ship</a>")</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a>-<a href="/wiki/Derrick" title="Derrick">Derrick</a> <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">Barge</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Miscellaneous-cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_L6_ship" title="Type L6 ship">Type L6</a> ("Lakers")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_N3_ship" title="Type N3 ship">Type N</a> ("Coastal Cargo")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_P1_ship" title="Type P1 ship">Type P1</a> ("Passenger")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P2_transport" title="P2 transport">Type P2</a> ("Passenger")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_R_ship" title="Type R ship">Type R</a> ("Refrigerated")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_B_ship" title="Type B ship">Type B</a> ("Barge")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Tugs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Type_V_ship" title="Type V ship">Type V</a> ("Tugs")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>See also:- <a href="/wiki/Empire_ship" title="Empire ship">Empire ship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_ship" title="Fort ship">Fort ship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Park_ship" title="Park ship">Park ship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_ship" title="Ocean ship">Ocean ship</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_merchant_ships" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Template:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Template talk:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_merchant_ships" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern merchant ships"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_merchant_ships" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern <a href="/wiki/Merchant_ship" title="Merchant ship">merchant ships</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Cargo ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Maritime transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freight_transport" title="Freight transport">Freight transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_marine" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchant marine">Merchant marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history" title="Maritime history">Maritime history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_line" title="Shipping line">Shipping line</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A reefer"><img alt="A reefer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/80px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/120px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG/160px-CMM_-_Model_ch%C5%82odniowca_typu_B-360-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="924" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">Dry cargo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">Barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_carrier" title="Bulk carrier">Bulk carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_float" title="Car float">Car float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_boat" title="Chain boat">Chain boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_trading_vessel" title="Coastal trading vessel">Coastal trading vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_ship" title="Container ship">Container ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_ship" title="Heavy-lift ship">Heavy-lift ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_barge" title="Hopper barge">Hopper barge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">Lake freighter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lighter aboard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock_carrier" title="Livestock carrier">Livestock carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reefer_ship" title="Reefer ship">Reefer ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_tanker" title="Chemical tanker">Chemical tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_production_storage_and_offloading" title="Floating production storage and offloading">Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_carrier" title="Gas carrier">Gas carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_tanker" title="Hydrogen tanker">Hydrogen tanker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LNG_carrier" title="LNG carrier">LNG carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">Oil tanker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Passenger_ship" title="Passenger ship">Passenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_liner" title="Cargo liner">Cargo liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_ship" title="Cruise ship">Cruise ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiseferry" title="Cruiseferry">Cruiseferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrowboat" title="Narrowboat">Narrowboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_ferry" title="Train ferry">Train ferry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_handling_tug_supply_vessel" title="Anchor handling tug supply vessel">Anchor handling tug supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_support_vessel" title="Diving support vessel">Diving support vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_tow_vessel" title="Emergency tow vessel">Emergency tow vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireboat" title="Fireboat">Fireboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_supply_vessel" title="Platform supply vessel">Platform supply vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pusher_(boat)" title="Pusher (boat)">Pusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_tug" title="Salvage tug">Salvage tug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship%27s_tender" title="Ship's tender">Tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Tugboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_layer" title="Cable layer">Cable layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">Dredger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drillship" title="Drillship">Drillship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_restaurant" title="Floating restaurant">Floating restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_submarine" title="Merchant submarine">Merchant submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narco-submarine" title="Narco-submarine">Narco-submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe-laying_ship" title="Pipe-laying ship">Pipe-laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_vessel" title="Research vessel">Research vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverboat" title="Riverboat">Riverboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-submersible" title="Semi-submersible">Semi-submersible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snagboat" title="Snagboat">Snagboat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_operations" title="Nautical operations">Nautical operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affreightment" title="Affreightment">Affreightment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_law" title="Admiralty law">Admiralty law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Chamber_of_Shipping" title="International Chamber of Shipping">International Chamber of Shipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_merchant_navy_capacity_by_country" title="List of merchant navy capacity by country">List of merchant navy capacity by country</a></li></ul> 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