CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">  <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PZNCLL');</script>  <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/xmlrpc.php" />  <script type="text/javascript"> document.documentElement.className = 'js'; </script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /><style id="et-builder-googlefonts-cached-inline">/* Original: https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather:300,300italic,regular,italic,700,700italic,900,900italic|Roboto:100,100italic,300,300italic,regular,italic,500,500italic,700,700italic,900,900italic&subset=cyrillic,cyrillic-ext,latin,latin-ext,vietnamese,greek,greek-ext&display=swap *//* User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Unknown; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/538.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/538.1 Daum/4.1 */@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7lXcf_.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4m0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eSZJ.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR71Wsf_.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7NWMf_.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l521wRpXw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-440qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5Oew.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52xwNpXw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52_wFpXw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOiCnqEu92Fr1Mu51QrIzc.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TjARc9.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu52xP.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ABc9.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TzBhc9.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TLBBc9.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1MmgWxP.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmSU5vAw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Me5Q.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9vAw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlvAw.ttf) format('truetype');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmYUtvAw.ttf) format('truetype');}/* User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0 */@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7lXcf8.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4m0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eSZK.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR71Wsf8.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7NWMf8.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l521wRpXA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-440qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5OeA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52xwNpXA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52_wFpXA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOiCnqEu92Fr1Mu51QrIzQ.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TjARc-.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu52xM.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ABc-.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TzBhc-.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TLBBc-.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1MmgWxM.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmSU5vAA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Me5g.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9vAA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlvAA.woff) format('woff');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmYUtvAA.woff) format('woff');}/* User Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; rv:39.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/39.0 */@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7lXcf6.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4m0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eSZM.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR71Wsf6.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4l0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5-eR7NWMf6.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l521wRpWg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-440qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l5Ofg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52xwNpWg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Merriweather';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/merriweather/v30/u-4n0qyriQwlOrhSvowK_l52_wFpWg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOiCnqEu92Fr1Mu51QrIzI.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TjARc4.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1Mu52xK.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51S7ABc4.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TzBhc4.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: italic;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOjCnqEu92Fr1Mu51TLBBc4.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 100;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOkCnqEu92Fr1MmgWxK.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 300;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmSU5vBg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOmCnqEu92Fr1Me4A.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 500;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmEU9vBg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 700;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmWUlvBg.woff2) format('woff2');}@font-face {font-family: 'Roboto';font-style: normal;font-weight: 900;font-display: swap;src: url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/roboto/v32/KFOlCnqEu92Fr1MmYUtvBg.woff2) format('woff2');}</style>  <title>Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="style" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C600italic%2C300%2C400%2C600&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&display=swap" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C600italic%2C300%2C400%2C600&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&display=swap" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" /><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open%20Sans%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C600italic%2C300%2C400%2C600&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext&display=swap" /></noscript><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes-1080x640.jpg" fetchpriority="high"> <meta name="description" content="Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy."/> <meta name="robots" content="follow, index, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1, max-image-preview:large"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Foreign Policy Journal" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/foreignpolicyjournal" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Banking" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Economy" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="Federal Reserve" /> <meta property="article:tag" content="US Economy" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Viewpoints" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1080" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="718" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="(Photo: Pictures of Money/CC BY 2.0)" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-12-18T13:52:17-05:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy." /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ForPolJournal" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ForPolJournal" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Paul Craig Roberts" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Time to read" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="8 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="rank-math-schema">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":["NewsMediaOrganization","Organization"],"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#organization","name":"Foreign Policy Journal","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com","sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/foreignpolicyjournal","https://twitter.com/ForPolJournal"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#logo","url":"http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/FPJ-Profile-Pic.png","contentUrl":"http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/FPJ-Profile-Pic.png","caption":"Foreign Policy Journal","inLanguage":"en-US","width":"252","height":"252"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#website","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com","name":"Foreign Policy Journal","alternateName":"FPJ","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#organization"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg","width":"1080","height":"718","caption":"(Photo: Pictures of Money/CC BY 2.0)","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/#webpage","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/","name":"Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class","datePublished":"2019-12-18T13:52:17-05:00","dateModified":"2019-12-18T13:52:17-05:00","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/paul-craig-roberts/","name":"Paul Craig Roberts","description":"Dr. Paul Craig Roberts attended four of the finest universities, studied under two Nobel Prize-winners in economics, authored 20 peer-reviewed articles in journals of scholarship, and published four academic press peer-reviewed books, including Harvard and Oxford Universities, and seven commercially published books. His most recent book is The Neoconservative Threat to World Order: Washington's Perilous War for Hegemony.","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/paul-craig-roberts/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-96x96.jpg","url":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-96x96.jpg","caption":"Paul Craig Roberts","inLanguage":"en-US"},"sameAs":["http://www.paulcraigroberts.org"],"worksFor":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#organization"}},{"@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class","keywords":"neoliberal economics","datePublished":"2019-12-18T13:52:17-05:00","dateModified":"2019-12-18T13:52:17-05:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/paul-craig-roberts/","name":"Paul Craig Roberts"},"publisher":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/#organization"},"description":"Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy.","name":"Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class","@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/#richSnippet","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/#webpage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-US","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/#webpage"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//jetpack.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//public-api.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Foreign Policy Journal » Feed" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Foreign Policy Journal » Comments Feed" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Foreign Policy Journal » Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class Comments Feed" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/feed/" /> <meta content="Extra Child v.1.2.2" name="generator"/><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=86601747e6073138abe0632de08b563d' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css?ver=4.2.17' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css?ver=86601747e6073138abe0632de08b563d' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='rank-math-toc-block-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol{counter-reset:item}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li{display:block}.wp-block-rank-math-toc-block nav ol li:before{content:counters(item, ".") ". ";counter-increment:item} </style> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='mpp_gutenberg-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/add-ons-free/user-profile-picture/dist/blocks.style.build.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 856px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1280px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='extra-style-parent-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/style.min.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='extra-dynamic-critical-inline-css' type='text/css'> @font-face{font-family:ETmodules;font-display:block;src:url(//www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/fonts/modules/all/modules.eot);src:url(//www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/fonts/modules/all/modules.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(//www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/fonts/modules/all/modules.woff) format("woff"),url(//www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/fonts/modules/all/modules.ttf) format("truetype"),url(//www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/fonts/modules/all/modules.svg#ETmodules) format("svg");font-weight:400;font-style:normal} .et_audio_content,.et_link_content,.et_quote_content{background-color:#2ea3f2}.et_pb_post .et-pb-controllers a{margin-bottom:10px}.format-gallery .et-pb-controllers{bottom:0}.et_pb_blog_grid .et_audio_content{margin-bottom:19px}.et_pb_row .et_pb_blog_grid .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:180px}.et_audio_content .wp-block-audio{margin:0;padding:0}.et_audio_content h2{line-height:44px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_content h2{margin-bottom:9px;margin-top:0}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_audio_content{padding:35px 40px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_audio_content h2{line-height:32px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_content{padding:35px 20px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_content h2{font-size:18px;line-height:26px}article.et_pb_has_overlay .et_pb_blog_image_container{position:relative}.et_pb_post>.et_main_video_container{position:relative;margin-bottom:30px}.et_pb_post .et_pb_video_overlay .et_pb_video_play{color:#fff}.et_pb_post .et_pb_video_overlay_hover:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}.et_audio_content,.et_link_content,.et_quote_content{text-align:center;word-wrap:break-word;position:relative;padding:50px 60px}.et_audio_content h2,.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_link_content h2,.et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#fff!important}.et_quote_main_link{position:absolute;text-indent:-9999px;width:100%;height:100%;display:block;top:0;left:0}.et_quote_content blockquote{padding:0;margin:0;border:none}.et_audio_content h2,.et_link_content h2,.et_quote_content blockquote p{margin-top:0}.et_audio_content h2{margin-bottom:20px}.et_audio_content h2,.et_link_content h2,.et_quote_content blockquote p{line-height:44px}.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-size:18px;font-weight:200}.et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-style:normal}.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_quote_content{padding:50px 42px 45px}.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_link_content{padding:40px 40px 45px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_quote_content{padding:35px 40px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_quote_content blockquote p{font-size:26px;line-height:32px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_link_content h2{line-height:32px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-size:14px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_quote_content{padding:35px 30px 32px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_link_content,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_content,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_link_content{padding:35px 20px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_quote_content blockquote p,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_quote_content blockquote p{font-size:18px;line-height:26px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-size:14px}.et_pb_post .et_pb_gallery_post_type .et_pb_slide{min-height:500px;background-size:cover!important;background-position:top}.format-gallery .et_pb_slider.gallery-not-found .et_pb_slide{box-shadow:inset 0 0 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}.format-gallery .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:0}.format-gallery .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next{right:0}.et_pb_post>.et_pb_slider{margin-bottom:30px}.et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:442px}.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:390px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:284px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:180px}.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:125px}.et_pb_portfolio.et_pb_section_parallax .pagination,.et_pb_portfolio.et_pb_section_video .pagination,.et_pb_portfolio_grid.et_pb_section_parallax .pagination,.et_pb_portfolio_grid.et_pb_section_video .pagination{position:relative}.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et_pb_post p{color:#666}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark .et_pb_post p{color:inherit}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#666!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#bbb!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_audio_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_link_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark.et_quote_content{background-color:#e8e8e8}@media (min-width:981px) and (max-width:1100px){.et_quote_content{padding:50px 70px 45px}.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_quote_content{padding:50px 50px 45px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_quote_content{padding:35px 47px 30px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_quote_content,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_quote_content{padding:35px 25px 32px}.et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:534px}.et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:392px}.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:345px}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:250px}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:155px}.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_post .et_pb_slide{min-height:108px}}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_content h2{color:#fff!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_audio_content h2{color:#bbb!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_audio_content{background-color:#e8e8e8}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#fff!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#666!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#bbb!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_audio_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_link_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet.et_quote_content{background-color:#e8e8e8}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:980px){.et_audio_content h2{font-size:26px!important;line-height:44px!important;margin-bottom:24px!important}.et_pb_post>.et_pb_gallery_post_type>.et_pb_slides>.et_pb_slide{min-height:384px!important}.et_quote_content{padding:50px 43px 45px!important}.et_quote_content blockquote p{font-size:26px!important;line-height:44px!important}.et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-size:18px!important}.et_link_content{padding:40px 40px 45px}.et_link_content h2{font-size:26px!important;line-height:44px!important}.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url{font-size:18px!important}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_audio_content h2,.et_link_content h2,.et_quote_content,.et_quote_content blockquote p{font-size:20px!important;line-height:26px!important}.et_audio_content,.et_link_content{padding:35px 20px!important}.et_audio_content h2{margin-bottom:9px!important}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_content h2{color:#fff!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_audio_content{background-color:#e8e8e8}.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_quote_content blockquote cite{font-size:14px!important}.format-gallery .et-pb-controllers{height:auto}.et_pb_post>.et_pb_gallery_post_type>.et_pb_slides>.et_pb_slide{min-height:222px!important}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#fff!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#666!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_audio_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_link_content a.et_link_main_url,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_link_content h2,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_quote_content blockquote cite,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_quote_content blockquote p{color:#bbb!important}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_audio_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_link_content,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone.et_quote_content{background-color:#e8e8e8}}@media (max-width:479px){.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_pb_carousel_item .et_pb_video_play{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-left:-.75rem;margin-top:-.75rem}.et_audio_content,.et_quote_content{padding:35px 20px!important}.et_pb_post>.et_pb_gallery_post_type>.et_pb_slides>.et_pb_slide{min-height:156px!important}}.et_full_width_page .et_gallery_item{float:left;width:20.875%;margin:0 5.5% 5.5% 0}.et_full_width_page .et_gallery_item:nth-child(3n){margin-right:5.5%}.et_full_width_page .et_gallery_item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:none}.et_full_width_page .et_gallery_item:nth-child(4n){margin-right:0}.et_full_width_page .et_gallery_item:nth-child(4n+1){clear:both} .et_pb_slider{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.et_pb_slide{padding:0 6%;background-size:cover;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat}.et_pb_slider .et_pb_slide{display:none;float:left;margin-right:-100%;position:relative;width:100%;text-align:center;list-style:none!important;background-position:50%;background-size:100%;background-size:cover}.et_pb_slider .et_pb_slide:first-child{display:list-item}.et-pb-controllers{position:absolute;bottom:20px;left:0;width:100%;text-align:center;z-index:10}.et-pb-controllers a{display:inline-block;background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);text-indent:-9999px;border-radius:7px;width:7px;height:7px;margin-right:10px;padding:0;opacity:.5}.et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{opacity:1}.et-pb-controllers a:last-child{margin-right:0}.et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#fff}.et_pb_slides .et_pb_temp_slide{display:block}.et_pb_slides:after{content:"";display:block;clear:both;visibility:hidden;line-height:0;height:0;width:0}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et-pb-controllers a{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et_pb_slide_content{color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_pb_slide_description{text-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_pb_slide_content{color:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et-pb-controllers a{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}}@media (max-width:767px){.et-pb-controllers{position:absolute;bottom:5%;left:0;width:100%;text-align:center;z-index:10;height:14px}.et_transparent_nav .et_pb_section:first-child .et-pb-controllers{bottom:18px}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone.et_pb_slider_with_overlay .et_pb_slide_overlay_container,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone.et_pb_slider_with_text_overlay .et_pb_text_overlay_wrapper{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.9)}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone.et_pb_slider_with_overlay .et_pb_slide_overlay_container,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone.et_pb_slider_with_text_overlay .et_pb_text_overlay_wrapper,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et-pb-controllers a{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et-pb-controllers a{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}}.et_mobile_device .et_pb_slider_parallax .et_pb_slide,.et_mobile_device .et_pb_slides .et_parallax_bg.et_pb_parallax_css{background-attachment:scroll} .et-pb-arrow-next,.et-pb-arrow-prev{position:absolute;top:50%;z-index:100;font-size:48px;color:#fff;margin-top:-24px;transition:all .2s ease-in-out;opacity:0}.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#333}.et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:22px;opacity:1}.et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next{right:22px;opacity:1}.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et-pb-controllers .et-pb-active-control{background-color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et-pb-controllers a{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.et-pb-arrow-next:hover,.et-pb-arrow-prev:hover{text-decoration:none}.et-pb-arrow-next span,.et-pb-arrow-prev span{display:none}.et-pb-arrow-prev{left:-22px}.et-pb-arrow-next{right:-22px}.et-pb-arrow-prev:before{content:"4"}.et-pb-arrow-next:before{content:"5"}.format-gallery .et-pb-arrow-next,.format-gallery .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#fff}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:0}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next{right:0}.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_slider .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_slider .et_pb_slide,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_slider .et_pb_slide{min-height:170px}.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next{right:0}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#fff}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:0;opacity:1}.et_pb_slider:hover .et-pb-arrow-next{right:0;opacity:1}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#333}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et-pb-arrow-next,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et-pb-arrow-prev{color:#fff}}.et_mobile_device .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:22px;opacity:1}.et_mobile_device .et-pb-arrow-next{right:22px;opacity:1}@media (max-width:767px){.et_mobile_device .et-pb-arrow-prev{left:0;opacity:1}.et_mobile_device .et-pb-arrow-next{right:0;opacity:1}} .et_overlay{z-index:-1;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;display:block;width:100%;height:100%;background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.9);opacity:0;pointer-events:none;transition:all .3s;border:1px solid #e5e5e5;box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.et_overlay:before{color:#2ea3f2;content:"\E050";position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);font-size:32px;transition:all .4s}.et_portfolio_image,.et_shop_image{position:relative;display:block}.et_pb_has_overlay:not(.et_pb_image):hover .et_overlay,.et_portfolio_image:hover .et_overlay,.et_shop_image:hover .et_overlay{z-index:3;opacity:1}#ie7 .et_overlay,#ie8 .et_overlay{display:none}.et_pb_module.et_pb_has_overlay{position:relative}.et_pb_module.et_pb_has_overlay .et_overlay,article.et_pb_has_overlay{border:none} .et_pb_blog_grid .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{font-size:14px}.et_audio_container .mejs-container{width:auto!important;min-width:unset!important;height:auto!important}.et_audio_container .mejs-container,.et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls,.et_audio_container .mejs-embed,.et_audio_container .mejs-embed body{background:none;height:auto}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-loaded,.et_audio_container .mejs-time.mejs-currenttime-container{display:none!important}.et_audio_container .mejs-time{display:block!important;padding:0;margin-left:10px;margin-right:90px;line-height:inherit}.et_audio_container .mejs-android .mejs-time,.et_audio_container .mejs-ios .mejs-time,.et_audio_container .mejs-ipad .mejs-time,.et_audio_container .mejs-iphone .mejs-time{margin-right:0}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5);border-radius:5px;height:4px;margin:8px 0 0;top:0;right:0;left:auto}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls>div{height:20px!important}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls div.mejs-time-rail{padding-top:0;position:relative;display:block!important;margin-left:42px;margin-right:0}.et_audio_container span.mejs-time-total.mejs-time-slider{display:block!important;position:relative!important;max-width:100%;min-width:unset!important}.et_audio_container .mejs-button.mejs-volume-button{width:auto;height:auto;margin-left:auto;position:absolute;right:59px;bottom:-2px}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#fff;height:4px;border-radius:5px}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{display:block;border:none;width:10px}.et_audio_container .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle-content{border-radius:100%;transform:scale(1)}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle-content{border-color:#666}.et_audio_container .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-hovered{height:4px}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle{background:#fff;border-radius:5px;height:10px;position:absolute;top:-3px}.et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{font-size:18px}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls a.mejs-horizontal-volume-slider{display:block!important;height:19px;margin-left:5px;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls div.mejs-horizontal-volume-slider{height:4px}.et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button,.et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button{background:none!important;margin:0!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;position:relative!important;z-index:99}.et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before{content:"E"!important;font-size:32px;left:0;top:-8px}.et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#fff}.et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button{margin-top:-7px!important;width:auto!important;height:auto!important;position:absolute}.et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-button button:focus{outline:none}.et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button.mejs-pause button:before{content:"`"!important}.et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{content:"\E068";font-size:18px}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,60%,.5)}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#999}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_pb_text_color_dark .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{background:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{color:#999}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{font-size:14px}.et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls{padding:0;flex-wrap:wrap;min-width:unset!important;position:relative}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{font-size:18px}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{background:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{color:#fff}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,60%,.5)}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#999}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{background:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark_tablet .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{color:#999}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_audio_container .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{font-size:14px!important}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,100%,.5)}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{background:#fff}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{color:#fff}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-total,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-total{background:hsla(0,0%,60%,.5)}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-current,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-current{background:#999}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-playpause-button button:before,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-volume-button button:before{color:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .et_audio_container .mejs-controls .mejs-horizontal-volume-slider .mejs-horizontal-volume-handle,.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .mejs-controls .mejs-time-rail .mejs-time-handle{background:#666}.et_pb_text_color_dark_phone .mejs-container .mejs-controls .mejs-time span{color:#999}} .et_pb_video_box{display:block;position:relative;z-index:1;line-height:0}.et_pb_video_box video{width:100%!important;height:auto!important}.et_pb_video_overlay{position:absolute;z-index:10;top:0;left:0;height:100%;width:100%;background-size:cover;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:50%;cursor:pointer}.et_pb_video_play:before{font-family:ETmodules;content:"I"}.et_pb_video_play{display:block;position:absolute;z-index:100;color:#fff;left:50%;top:50%}.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_video_play{font-size:6rem;line-height:6rem;margin-left:-3rem;margin-top:-3rem}.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_pb_video_play{font-size:3rem;line-height:3rem;margin-left:-1.5rem;margin-top:-1.5rem}.et_pb_bg_layout_light .et_pb_video_play{color:#333}.et_pb_video_overlay_hover{background:transparent;width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;z-index:100;transition:all .5s ease-in-out}.et_pb_video .et_pb_video_overlay_hover:hover{background:rgba(0,0,0,.6)}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:980px){.et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_8 .et_pb_video_play{font-size:6rem;line-height:6rem;margin-left:-3rem;margin-top:-3rem}}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et_pb_video_play{color:#333}}@media (max-width:768px){.et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_video_play,.et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_video_play{font-size:3rem;line-height:3rem;margin-left:-1.5rem;margin-top:-1.5rem}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et_pb_video_play{color:#333}} .et_post_gallery{padding:0!important;line-height:1.7!important;list-style:none!important}.et_gallery_item{float:left;width:28.353%;margin:0 7.47% 7.47% 0}.blocks-gallery-item,.et_gallery_item{padding-left:0!important}.blocks-gallery-item:before,.et_gallery_item:before{display:none}.et_gallery_item:nth-child(3n){margin-right:0}.et_gallery_item:nth-child(3n+1){clear:both} .et_pb_post{margin-bottom:60px;word-wrap:break-word}.et_pb_fullwidth_post_content.et_pb_with_border img,.et_pb_post_content.et_pb_with_border img,.et_pb_with_border .et_pb_post .et_pb_slides,.et_pb_with_border .et_pb_post img:not(.woocommerce-placeholder),.et_pb_with_border.et_pb_posts .et_pb_post,.et_pb_with_border.et_pb_posts_nav span.nav-next a,.et_pb_with_border.et_pb_posts_nav span.nav-previous a{border:0 solid #333}.et_pb_post .entry-content{padding-top:30px}.et_pb_post .entry-featured-image-url{display:block;position:relative;margin-bottom:30px}.et_pb_post .entry-title a,.et_pb_post h2 a{text-decoration:none}.et_pb_post .post-meta{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:6px}.et_pb_post .more,.et_pb_post .post-meta a{text-decoration:none}.et_pb_post .more{color:#82c0c7}.et_pb_posts a.more-link{clear:both;display:block}.et_pb_posts .et_pb_post{position:relative}.et_pb_has_overlay.et_pb_post .et_pb_image_container a{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.et_pb_image_container img,.et_pb_post a img{vertical-align:bottom;max-width:100%}@media (min-width:981px) and (max-width:1100px){.et_pb_post{margin-bottom:42px}}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_post{margin-bottom:42px}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_tablet .et_pb_post p{color:#666}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .et_pb_post p{color:inherit}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .comment_postinfo a,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_tablet .comment_postinfo span{color:#fff}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_pb_post{margin-bottom:42px}.et_pb_post>h2{font-size:18px}.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_light_phone .et_pb_post p{color:#666}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_pb_post .post-meta,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_pb_post .post-meta a,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .et_pb_post p{color:inherit}.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .comment_postinfo a,.et_pb_bg_layout_dark_phone .comment_postinfo span{color:#fff}}@media (max-width:479px){.et_pb_post{margin-bottom:42px}.et_pb_post h2{font-size:16px;padding-bottom:0}.et_pb_post .post-meta{color:#666;font-size:14px}} @media (min-width:981px){.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column{margin-right:5.5%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_4_4,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_4_4{width:100%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:2.75%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_3_4,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_4{width:73.625%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:3.735%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_2_3,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3{width:64.833%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:4.242%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_3_5,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_5{width:57.8%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:4.758%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_2,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_2{width:47.25%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:5.82%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_2_5,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_5{width:36.7%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:7.493%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_3,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3{width:29.6667%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:9.27%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_4{width:20.875%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:13.174%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_5{width:15.6%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:17.628%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_6{width:12.0833%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters3.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:22.759%}.et_pb_gutters3 .et_full_width_page.woocommerce-page ul.products li.product{width:20.875%;margin-right:5.5%;margin-bottom:5.5%}.et_pb_gutters3.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products li.product,.et_pb_gutters3.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products li.product{width:28.353%;margin-right:7.47%}.et_pb_gutters3.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-1 li.product,.et_pb_gutters3.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-1 li.product{width:100%;margin-right:0}.et_pb_gutters3.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li.product,.et_pb_gutters3.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li.product{width:48%;margin-right:4%}.et_pb_gutters3.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li:nth-child(2n+2),.et_pb_gutters3.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li:nth-child(2n+2){margin-right:0}.et_pb_gutters3.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li:nth-child(3n+1),.et_pb_gutters3.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products.columns-2 li:nth-child(3n+1){clear:none}} @media (min-width:981px){.et_pb_gutter.et_pb_gutters1 #left-area{width:75%}.et_pb_gutter.et_pb_gutters1 #sidebar{width:25%}.et_pb_gutters1.et_right_sidebar #left-area{padding-right:0}.et_pb_gutters1.et_left_sidebar #left-area{padding-left:0}.et_pb_gutter.et_pb_gutters1.et_right_sidebar #main-content .container:before{right:25%!important}.et_pb_gutter.et_pb_gutters1.et_left_sidebar #main-content .container:before{left:25%!important}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column{margin-right:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_4_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_4_4{width:100%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_4_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_3_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_4{width:75%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_2_3,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3{width:66.667%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_3 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_3_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_5{width:60%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_3_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_2,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_2{width:50%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_2 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_2_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_5{width:40%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_2_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_3,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3{width:33.3333%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_3 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_4{width:25%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_4 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_5{width:20%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_5 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_6{width:16.6667%}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column_1_6 .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_full_width_page.woocommerce-page ul.products li.product{width:25%;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1.et_left_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products li.product,.et_pb_gutters1.et_right_sidebar.woocommerce-page #main-content ul.products li.product{width:33.333%;margin-right:0}}@media (max-width:980px){.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-2_1-4_1-4>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-4_1-4>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-4_1-4_1-2>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-5_1-5_3-5>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_3-5_1-5_1-5>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_4col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_5col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-2_1-4_1-4>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-4_1-4>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-4_1-4_1-2>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-5_1-5_3-5>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_3-5_1-5_1-5>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_4col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_4,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_5col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_5{width:50%;margin-right:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-2_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6_1-2>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_6col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-2_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6_1-2>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_6col>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6{width:33.333%;margin-right:0}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row_1-6_1-6_1-6_1-6>.et_pb_column.et_pb_column_1_6{width:50%;margin-right:0}}@media (max-width:767px){.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}}@media (max-width:479px){.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column{margin:0!important}.et_pb_gutters1 .et_pb_column .et_pb_module,.et_pb_gutters1.et_pb_row .et_pb_column .et_pb_module{margin-bottom:0}} @-webkit-keyframes fadeOutTop{0%{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translatey(-60%)}}@keyframes fadeOutTop{0%{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translatey(-60%)}}@-webkit-keyframes fadeInTop{0%{opacity:0;transform:translatey(-60%)}to{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}}@keyframes fadeInTop{0%{opacity:0;transform:translatey(-60%)}to{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}}@-webkit-keyframes fadeInBottom{0%{opacity:0;transform:translatey(60%)}to{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}}@keyframes fadeInBottom{0%{opacity:0;transform:translatey(60%)}to{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}}@-webkit-keyframes fadeOutBottom{0%{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translatey(60%)}}@keyframes fadeOutBottom{0%{opacity:1;transform:translatey(0)}to{opacity:0;transform:translatey(60%)}}@-webkit-keyframes Grow{0%{opacity:0;transform:scaleY(.5)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}@keyframes Grow{0%{opacity:0;transform:scaleY(.5)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}/*! * Animate.css - http://daneden.me/animate * Licensed under the MIT license - http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT * Copyright (c) 2015 Daniel Eden */@-webkit-keyframes flipInX{0%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(90deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in;opacity:0}40%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(-20deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in}60%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(10deg);opacity:1}80%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(-5deg)}to{transform:perspective(400px)}}@keyframes flipInX{0%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(90deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in;opacity:0}40%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(-20deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in}60%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(10deg);opacity:1}80%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateX(-5deg)}to{transform:perspective(400px)}}@-webkit-keyframes flipInY{0%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(90deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in;opacity:0}40%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(-20deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in}60%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(10deg);opacity:1}80%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(-5deg)}to{transform:perspective(400px)}}@keyframes flipInY{0%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(90deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in;opacity:0}40%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(-20deg);-webkit-animation-timing-function:ease-in;animation-timing-function:ease-in}60%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(10deg);opacity:1}80%{transform:perspective(400px) rotateY(-5deg)}to{transform:perspective(400px)}} .nav li li{padding:0 20px;margin:0}.et-menu li li a{padding:6px 20px;width:200px}.nav li{position:relative;line-height:1em}.nav li li{position:relative;line-height:2em}.nav li ul{position:absolute;padding:20px 0;z-index:9999;width:240px;background:#fff;visibility:hidden;opacity:0;border-top:3px solid #2ea3f2;box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-webkit-transform:translateZ(0);text-align:left}.nav li.et-hover>ul{visibility:visible}.nav li.et-touch-hover>ul,.nav li:hover>ul{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.nav li li ul{z-index:1000;top:-23px;left:240px}.nav li.et-reverse-direction-nav li ul{left:auto;right:240px}.nav li:hover{visibility:inherit}.et_mobile_menu li a,.nav li li a{font-size:14px;transition:opacity .2s ease-in-out,background-color .2s ease-in-out}.et_mobile_menu li a:hover,.nav ul li a:hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.03);opacity:.7}.et-dropdown-removing>ul{display:none}.mega-menu .et-dropdown-removing>ul{display:block}.et-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:first-child:after{font-family:ETmodules;content:"3";font-size:16px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;font-weight:800}.et-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:first-child{padding-right:20px}.et-menu li li.menu-item-has-children>a:first-child:after{right:20px;top:6px}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu{position:inherit}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu>ul{padding:30px 20px;position:absolute!important;width:100%;left:0!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu ul li{margin:0;float:left!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu li>ul{-webkit-animation:none!important;animation:none!important;padding:0;border:none;left:auto;top:auto;width:240px!important;position:relative;box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu li ul{visibility:visible;opacity:1;display:none}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.et-hover li ul,.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu:hover li ul{display:block}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu:hover>ul{opacity:1!important;visibility:visible!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu>ul>li>a:first-child{padding-top:0!important;font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.03)}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu>ul>li>a:first-child:hover{background-color:transparent!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu li>a{width:200px!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent li>a,.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent li li{width:100%!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent li>.sub-menu{float:left;width:100%!important}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu>ul>li{width:25%;margin:0}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent-3>ul>li{width:33.33%}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent-2>ul>li{width:50%}.et-menu-nav li.mega-menu.mega-menu-parent-1>ul>li{width:100%}.et_pb_fullwidth_menu li.mega-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:first-child:after,.et_pb_menu li.mega-menu .menu-item-has-children>a:first-child:after{display:none}.et_fullwidth_nav #top-menu li.mega-menu>ul{width:auto;left:30px!important;right:30px!important}.et_mobile_menu{position:absolute;left:0;padding:5%;background:#fff;width:100%;visibility:visible;opacity:1;display:none;z-index:9999;border-top:3px solid #2ea3f2;box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-moz-box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1);-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,.1)}#main-header .et_mobile_menu li ul,.et_pb_fullwidth_menu .et_mobile_menu li ul,.et_pb_menu .et_mobile_menu li ul{visibility:visible!important;display:block!important;padding-left:10px}.et_mobile_menu li li{padding-left:5%}.et_mobile_menu li a{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.03);color:#666;padding:10px 5%;display:block}.et_mobile_menu .menu-item-has-children>a{font-weight:700;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.03)}.et_mobile_menu li .menu-item-has-children>a{background-color:transparent}.et_mobile_nav_menu{float:right;display:none}.mobile_menu_bar{position:relative;display:block;line-height:0}.mobile_menu_bar:before{content:"a";font-size:32px;position:relative;left:0;top:0;cursor:pointer}.et_pb_module .mobile_menu_bar:before{top:2px}.mobile_nav .select_page{display:none} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='profile-builder-divi-extension-styles-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/assets/misc/divi/styles/style.min.css?ver=1.0.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack-top-posts-widget-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/widgets/top-posts/style.css?ver=1728320984' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_likes-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/style.css?ver=1728320992' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='extra-style-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra-Child/style.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='wppb_stylesheet-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/assets/css/style-front-end.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/42085" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/p37aUp-aWN' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignpolicyjournal.com%2F2019%2F12%2F18%2Fneoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignpolicyjournal.com%2F2019%2F12%2F18%2Fneoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class%2F&format=xml" />   <style type="text/css" media="screen"> .g { margin:0px; padding:0px; overflow:hidden; line-height:1; zoom:1; } .g img { height:auto; } .g-col { position:relative; float:left; } .g-col:first-child { margin-left: 0; } .g-col:last-child { margin-right: 0; } @media only screen and (max-width: 480px) { .g-col, .g-dyn, .g-single { width:100%; margin-left:0; margin-right:0; } } </style>  <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=1" /><style type="text/css" id="tve_global_variables">:root{--tcb-background-author-image:url(https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-300x300.jpg);--tcb-background-user-image:url();--tcb-background-featured-image-thumbnail:url(https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes.jpg);}</style><link data-minify="1" rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/uploads/fonts/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=1725471394"><style type="text/css" id="thrive-default-styles"></style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-fpj-site-icon-32x32.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-fpj-site-icon-192x192.jpg" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-fpj-site-icon-180x180.jpg" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/cropped-fpj-site-icon-270x270.jpg" /> <style id="et-extra-customizer-global-cached-inline-styles">@media only screen and (min-width:1025px){.with_sidebar .et_pb_extra_column_sidebar{min-width:28%;max-width:28%;width:28%;flex-basis:28%}.with_sidebar .et_pb_extra_column_main{min-width:72%;max-width:72%;width:72%;flex-basis:72%}}.widget_et_recent_tweets .widget_list a,.widget_et_recent_tweets .et-extra-icon,.widget_et_recent_tweets .widget-footer .et-extra-social-icon,.widget_et_recent_tweets .widget-footer .et-extra-social-icon::before,.project-details .project-details-title,.et_filterable_portfolio .filterable_portfolio_filter a.current,.et_extra_layout .et_pb_extra_column_main .et_pb_column .module-head h1,.et_pb_extra_column .module-head h1,#portfolio_filter a.current,.woocommerce div.product div.summary .product_meta a,.woocommerce-page div.product div.summary .product_meta a,.et_pb_widget.woocommerce .product_list_widget li .amount,.et_pb_widget li a:hover,.et_pb_widget.woocommerce .product_list_widget li a:hover,.et_pb_widget.widget_et_recent_videos .widget_list .title:hover,.et_pb_widget.widget_et_recent_videos .widget_list .title.active,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info:before{color:#142b44}.single .score-bar,.widget_et_recent_reviews .review-breakdowns .score-bar,.et_pb_extra_module .posts-list article .post-thumbnail,.et_extra_other_module .posts-list article .post-thumbnail,.et_pb_widget .widget_list_portrait,.et_pb_widget .widget_list_thumbnail,.quote-format,.link-format,.audio-format .audio-wrapper,.paginated .pagination li.active,.score-bar,.review-summary-score-box,.post-footer .rating-stars #rating-stars img.star-on,.post-footer .rating-stars #rated-stars img.star-on,.author-box-module .author-box-avatar,.timeline-menu li.active a:before,.woocommerce div.product form.cart .button,.woocommerce div.product form.cart .button.disabled,.woocommerce div.product form.cart .button.disabled:hover,.woocommerce-page div.product form.cart .button,.woocommerce-page div.product form.cart .button.disabled,.woocommerce-page div.product form.cart .button.disabled:hover,.woocommerce div.product form.cart .read-more-button,.woocommerce-page div.product form.cart .read-more-button,.woocommerce div.product form.cart .post-nav .nav-links .button,.woocommerce-page div.product form.cart .post-nav .nav-links .button,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message,.woocommerce-page .woocommerce-message{background-color:#142b44}#et-menu>li>ul,#et-menu li>ul,#et-menu>li>ul>li>ul,.et-top-search-primary-menu-item .et-top-search,.et_pb_module,.module,.page article,.authors-page .page,#timeline-sticky-header,.et_extra_other_module,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info{border-color:#142b44}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a{font-size:20px}body{font-size:18px}body,p{line-height:1.4em}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a{font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;text-decoration:none}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a{font-family:'Merriweather',Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif}body{font-family:'Roboto',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif}a,a:visited,.post-content a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_blurb_container p a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_code a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_promo_description a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_newsletter_description a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_team_member_description>a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_pricing li a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_slide_content a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_tab a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_text a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_toggle_content a,.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .et_pb_fullwidth_code a{color:#0052a5}body{color:#333333}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,h1 a,h2 a,h3 a,h4 a,h5 a,h6 a{color:#142b44}.archive h1,.search h1{color:#142b44}#page-container{background-color:#ffffff}#et-menu li a{font-size:15px}#et-menu li{font-family:'Roboto',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif}#et-menu>li a,#et-menu>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after,#et-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:after,#et-extra-mobile-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:after{color:#333333}#et-menu>li>a:hover,#et-menu>li.menu-item-has-children>a:hover:after,#et-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after,#et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.current_page_item>a,#et-extra-mobile-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after,#et-extra-mobile-menu>li.current-menu-item>a,#et-extra-mobile-menu>li.current_page_item>a,#et-extra-mobile-menu>li>a:hover{color:#194587}#et-navigation>ul>li>a:before{background-color:#194587}#main-header{background-color:#ffffff}#et-menu>li>ul,#et-menu li>ul,#et-menu>li>ul>li>ul,#et-mobile-navigation nav,.et-top-search-primary-menu-item .et-top-search{background-color:#142b44}#et-menu li>ul li a,#et-menu li.mega-menu>ul>li>a,#et-menu .sub-menu li.mega-menu-featured>a:after,#et-menu .sub-menu li.menu-item-has-children>a:after,#et-extra-mobile-menu .sub-menu li.mega-menu-featured>a:after,#et-extra-mobile-menu li a,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .title,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .title,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post h2,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post h2,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post .post-meta a,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post .post-meta a,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta a,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta a{color:#ffffff}#et-menu li>ul li a:hover,#et-extra-mobile-menu li>ul li a:hover,#et-menu li>ul li.current-menu-item a,#et-menu li>ul li.current_page_item a,#et-extra-mobile-menu li>ul li.current-menu-item a,#et-extra-mobile-menu li>ul li.current_page_item a,#et-menu li.mega-menu>ul>li>a:hover,#et-menu .sub-menu li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after,#et-menu .sub-menu li.menu-item-has-children>a:hover:after,#et-extra-mobile-menu .sub-menu li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post .post-meta a:hover,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li .featured-post .post-meta a:hover,#et-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta a:hover,#et-extra-mobile-menu li.mega-menu-featured>ul li.menu-item .recent-list .recent-post .post-content .post-meta a:hover{color:#eeeeee}#et-secondary-menu li{font-family:'Roboto',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif}#top-header{background-color:#142b44}#et-secondary-nav #et-secondary-menu{background-color:#142b44}#et-secondary-menu ul a,#et-secondary-menu li>ul li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{color:#f5f5f5}#et-secondary-menu li>ul li a:hover,#et-secondary-menu li>ul li.menu-item-has-children>a:hover:after,#et-secondary-menu li>ul li.current-menu-item a,#et-secondary-menu li>ul li.current_page_item a{color:#cccccc}#et-trending-label,.et-trending-post a{font-family:'Droid Serif',sans-serif}#et-trending-label,#et-trending-button{color:#f5f5f5}#et-trending-button span{background-color:#f5f5f5}header.header .et-trending-post a,header.header .et-trending-post a:visited{color:#f5f5f5}#et-info .et-cart span,#et-info .et-top-search .et-search-field{font-family:'Roboto',Helvetica,Arial,Lucida,sans-serif}#et-info .et-cart,#et-info .et-top-search .et-search-field,#et-info .et-top-search .et-search-submit:before,#et-info .et-extra-social-icons .et-extra-icon,#et-info .et-extra-social-icons .et-extra-icon:before{color:#f5f5f5}.et-fixed-header #et-menu li a{font-size:13px}.et-fixed-header #et-menu>li a,.et-fixed-header #et-menu>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after,.et-fixed-header #et-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:after,.et-fixed-header #et-extra-mobile-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:after{color:#333333}.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.current-menu-item>a,.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.li.current_page_item>a,.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li>a:hover,.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.menu-item-has-children>a:hover:after,.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul#et-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after,.et-fixed-header #et-extra-mobile-menu>li.mega-menu-featured>a:hover:after{color:#0052a5}.et-fixed-header #et-navigation>ul>li>a:before{background-color:#0052a5}.et-fixed-header #main-header{background-color:#ffffff}#footer-bottom{background-color:#142b44}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){#main-header .logo{height:48.8px;margin:15.6px 0}.header.left-right #et-navigation>ul>li>a{padding-bottom:32.5px}}@media only screen and (min-width:768px){.et-fixed-header #main-header .logo{height:30px;margin:15px 0}.et-fixed-header .header.left-right #et-navigation>ul>li>a{padding-bottom:23.5px}}.featured-posts-slider-module .carousel-items:hover{cursor:pointer}#disqus_thread{width:100%}.author_right a{font-size:14px!important}#adrotate_widgets-79 .widgettitle,#adrotate_widgets-75 .widgettitle,#adrotate_widgets-78 .widgettitle{padding:0px}#adrotate_widgets-79.et_pb_widget,#adrotate_widgets-75.et_pb_widget,#adrotate_widgets-78.et_pb_widget{box-shadow:none}a.bigred,a.smallred{color:#ffffff!important}.et_monarch .et_pb_widget .et_social_networks{padding-left:20px!important}.et_pb_pagebuilder_layout .post-content a{color:#0052a5}header.header .et-trending #et-secondary-menu{background:#142b44}header.header .et-trending #et-secondary-menu a{color:#f5f5f5}header.header .et-trending #et-secondary-menu a:hover{color:#cccccc}#main-header{border-bottom:solid 1px #cccccc;box-shadow:0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}#et-navigation>ul>li>a{padding:0 0 30px}.logo{width:auto!important}#et-extra-mobile-menu a{color:#ffffff!important}#et-extra-mobile-menu a:active,#et-extra-mobile-menu a:hover{color:#eee!important}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.logo{height:55px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.logo{height:45px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.logo{height:30px}}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.logo{height:50px}}@media only screen and (max-width:768px){.logo{height:40px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.logo{height:30px}}.subheader-sidebar{margin:0 auto;width:100%;text-align:center;padding-top:15px}.et-fixed-header .subheader-sidebar{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.subheader-sidebar{max-width:320px}iframe{max-width:320px}}.header-ad h2.widgettitle{padding-bottom:0px}.page article{border-top:none}blockquote{font-weight:normal;font-size:100%}.single-post #main-content{padding-top:20px}.single-post-module{width:100%}.featured_caption{text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:20px}.fullwidth-title{margin:20px 0 30px;max-width:1280px;width:100%}.post-title{font-size:36px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.post-title{font-size:36px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){post-title{font-size:30px}}.post-header{padding:0 30px;text-align:left}.post-header h1,.page .post-wrap h1{font-size:40px}.subtitle{margin:0 0 20px!important;font-size:24px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.subtitle{font-size:22px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.subtitle{font-size:20px}}.post-thumbnail{margin:0px}.single h3{font-style:italic;font-size:18px}.single .post-wrap .post-content{margin:0!important}.post-wrap,.page .post-wrap{padding:0 60px 20px}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px){.post-wrap,.page .post-wrap{padding:0 40px}}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.post-wrap,.page .post-wrap{padding:0 10px 20px}}.single .post-wrap .post-content{margin:30px 0 0}.single article,.page article{box-shadow:none;margin:0 0 15px}.post-footer{border-top:none;text-align:left}.post-footer .social-icons{margin:0 15px 15px 0}.single .score-bar{display:none}.review-breakdowns .score-bar{display:inline-block!important}.author-box-header,.related-posts-header{border-bottom:none}.et_extra_other_module.author-box.vcard{box-shadow:none;margin:0 0 20px}.author-box-content{padding:10px 20px 10px}@media only screen and (max-width:480px){.author-box-content{text-align:left}}.author-box-description a{color:#0052a5}.subposts-sidebar{margin-bottom:50px}.related-posts{box-shadow:none;margin:0 0 15px}.comments-note{margin-bottom:20px}#comment-wrap{padding-top:15px}span.et-dropcap,.dropcap{float:left;font-size:82px;color:#333333;line-height:72%;text-shadow:0.03em 0.02em #C0C0C0;position:relative;left:-6px;top:8px;margin:0 3px 0 0}.amazon-box{border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:3px;background:#f5f5f5;box-shadow:1px 1px 3px #ddd;padding:10px;font-size:14px}.callout{border:1px solid #e2e2ba;border-radius:3px;background:#f9f9dc;box-shadow:inset 0 0 45px #efefc0;padding:20px!important;margin:20px 0 30px 0;font-size:16px;display:block;overflow:auto}.in-post-books{float:left;margin-right:10px}.pullquote{font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:21px;line-height:125%;float:right;width:40%;min-width:150px;padding:10px;margin:5px 0 5px 5px;border-top:2px solid #eee;border-bottom:2px solid #eee}.quote{font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:136px;float:left;color:#222222;margin-right:3px;text-shadow:2px 2px #C0C0C0;margin-top:52px;line-height:0px}.in-post-ad{float:left;width:336px;height:280px;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:15px}.content-sidebar{margin-bottom:30px;margin:0 auto 30px auto}.et_pb_widget .widgettitle{background:#ffffff;color:#142b44;text-transform:none}.et_pb_widget{box-shadow:0 1px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.et_bloom .et_bloom_widget_content .et_bloom_form_container{width:auto!important}.adrotate_widgets{box-shadow:none!important}.adrotate_widgets h4{display:none!important}#text-432579912 .widgettitle,#text-432579917 .widgettitle,#adrotate_widgets-71 .widgettitle,#text-432579911 .widgettitle,#text-432579924 .widgettitle,#text-432579926 .widgettitle,#text-432579927 .widgettitle,#text-432579945 .widgettitle{display:none}#text-432579912 .textwidget,#text-432579917 .textwidget,#adrotate_widgets-71 .textwidget,#text-432579911 .textwidget,#text-432579924 .textwidget,#text-432579926 .textwidget,#text-432579927 .textwidget,#text-432579945 .textwidget{padding:0px}#text-432579912.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579917.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#adrotate_widgets-71.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579911.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579924.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579926.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579927.et_pb_widget.widget_text,#text-432579945 .et_pb_widget.widget_text{border-radius:0px;box-shadow:none!important;overflow:visible;position:relative;left:-5px}#text-432579945{box-shadow:none!important}#text-432579936,#text-432579938{box-shadow:none!important}#text-432579936 .widgettitle,#text-432579938 .widgettitle{display:none!important}#text-432579936 .textwidget,#text-432579938 .textwidget{padding:0px}#text-432579941 .widgettitle{display:none!important}#facebook-likebox-2 .widgettitle a{color:#ffffff;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:16px}#facebook-likebox-2 .et_pb_widget a:visited{color:#ffffff}img.widgets-list-layout-blavatar{max-width:50px!important}.widgets-list-layout-links{float:left!important;width:80%!important;padding-left:10px}#disqus_thread{width:100%!important}</style><noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style id="rocket-lazyrender-inline-css">[data-wpr-lazyrender] {content-visibility: auto;}</style></head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-42085 single-format-standard category-viewpoints category-economy category-us et_extra et_non_fixed_nav et_pb_gutters3 et_primary_nav_dropdown_animation_fadeInTop et_secondary_nav_dropdown_animation_fadeInTop with_sidebar with_sidebar_right et_includes_sidebar et-db">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PZNCLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="page-container" class="page-container">  <header class="header left-right">  <div id="top-header" style=""> <div class="container">  <div id="et-secondary-nav" class=""> <ul id="et-secondary-menu" class="nav"><li id="menu-item-34299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34299"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/about/">About</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="et-info">  <ul class="et-extra-social-icons" style=""> <li class="et-extra-social-icon facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/foreignpolicyjournal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-hover et-extra-icon-facebook"></a> </li> <li class="et-extra-social-icon twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/forpoljournal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-hover et-extra-icon-twitter"></a> </li> <li class="et-extra-social-icon linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/foreign-policy-journal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-hover et-extra-icon-linkedin"></a> </li> </ul>  <div class="et-top-search" style=""> <form role="search" class="et-search-form" method="get" action="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/"> <input type="search" class="et-search-field" placeholder="Search" value="" name="s" title="Search for:" /> <button class="et-search-submit"></button> </form> </div>  </div> </div> </div>  <div id="main-header-wrapper"> <div id="main-header" data-fixed-height="60"> <div class="container">   <div class="subheader-sidebar"> </div>   <a class="logo" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/" data-fixed-height="50"> <img src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/FPJ-logo-bw-globe-banner.png" alt="Foreign Policy Journal" id="logo" /> </a>  <div id="et-navigation" class=""> <ul id="et-menu" class="nav"><li id="menu-item-31834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-31834"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-34281"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/features/">Features</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-34283" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34283"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/features/news-analysis/">News & Analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34282" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34282"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/features/essays/">Essays</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34284" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-34284"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/features/viewpoints/">Viewpoints</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-34287" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-34287"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/">Regions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-34288" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34288"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/africa/">Africa</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34289" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-34289"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/americas/">Americas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34290"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/asia-pacific/">Asia Pacific</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34291" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34291"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/europe/">Europe</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34292" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34292"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/middle-east/">Middle East</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-34293" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-34293"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/">Topics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-34296" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34296"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/politics/">Politics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34295" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-34295"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/economy/">Economy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34297" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34297"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/reviews/">Reviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34294" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34294"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/culture/">Culture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34298" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34298"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/science/">Science & Health</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div id="et-mobile-navigation"> <span class="show-menu"> <div class="show-menu-button"> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </div> <p>Select Page</p> </span> <nav> </nav> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-content"> <div class="container">  <div class="fullwidth-title">  <h1 class="post-title">Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class</h1> <div class="post-meta"> <p>By <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/paul-craig-roberts/" title="Posts by Paul Craig Roberts" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul Craig Roberts</a> | <span class="updated">Dec 18, 2019</span> | <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/features/viewpoints/" rel="tag">Viewpoints</a>, <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/topics/economy/" rel="tag">Economy</a>, <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/category/regions/americas/us/" rel="tag">US</a> | <a class="comments-link" href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/#comments">1 <span title="comment count" class="comment-bubble post-meta-icon"></span></a> | <span class="rating-stars" title="Rating: 0.00"><span class="post-meta-icon rating-star rating-star-empty rating-star-1"></span> <span class="post-meta-icon rating-star rating-star-empty rating-star-2"></span> <span class="post-meta-icon rating-star rating-star-empty rating-star-3"></span> <span class="post-meta-icon rating-star rating-star-empty rating-star-4"></span> <span class="post-meta-icon rating-star rating-star-empty rating-star-5"></span> </span></p> </div> </div> <div class="clear"></div>  <div id="content-area" class="clearfix"> <div class="et_pb_extra_column_main"> <article id="post-42085" class="module single-post-module post-42085 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-viewpoints category-economy category-us tag-banking tag-economy tag-federal-reserve tag-us-economy et-has-post-format-content et_post_format-et-post-format-standard">  <div class="post-thumbnail header"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/dollars-federal-reserve-notes-1080x640.jpg" alt="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" /><div class="featured_caption">Federal Reserve Notes (Photo: <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/pictures-of-money/17123250059/">Pictures of Money</a>/<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/">CC BY 2.0</a>)</div> </div> <div class="post-wrap"> <div class="post-content entry-content">  <p class="subtitle">Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy.</p>  <p><span class='et-dropcap'>A</span>ccording to official US government economic data, the US economy has been growing for 10.5 years since June of 2009. The reason that the US government can produce this false conclusion is that costs that are subtrahends from GDP are not included in the measure. Instead, many costs are counted not as subtractions from growth but as additions to growth. For example, the penalty interest on a person’s credit card balance that results when a person falls behind his payments is counted as an increase in “financial services” and as an increase in Gross Domestic Product. The economic world is stood on its head.</p> <p>It is aggregate demand that drives the economy. Payments made on a rise in interest rates on credit card balances from 19% to a 29% penalty rate reduce consumers’ ability to contribute to aggregate demand by purchasing goods and the services of doctors, lawyers, plumbers, electricians, and carpenters. Contrary to logic, the fee is magically counted in the “financial services” category as a contributor to GDP growth. The extortion of a fee that reduces aggregate demand lowers GDP, but builds paper wealth in the financial services sector.</p> <p>GDP growth is also artificially inflated by counting as GDP abstract concepts that do not produce income streams. For example, for homeowners the US Department of Commerce estimates the rental values of owner-occupied housing—that is, the amount owners would be paying if they rented instead of owned their homes—and counts this imputed rent as GDP.</p> <p>These and other absurdities have caused economist Michael Hudson to <a href="https://michael-hudson.com/2019/10/asset-price-inflation-and-rent-seeking/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">conclude</a> correctly that the “financial reality of how the U.S. economy works is no longer captured in GDP statistics.”</p> <div class="content-sidebar"><h2> </h2></div><p>Today we have two economies. One is the real economy of production and consumption. The other is the financialized economy of paper wealth. The former is doing poorly, and the latter is doing well. The financialized economy is growing much faster than the real economy. Indeed, the real economy might not be growing at all.</p> <p>Michael Hudson describes the difference. The stock market is at all time highs that have created massive wealth in financial assets for stock and bond owners. In the real economy the situation is totally different: “The Federal Reserve’s <a href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/2018-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201905.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2018</a> reports that 39% of Americans do not have $400 cash available for a medical or other emergency, and that a quarter of adults skipped medical care in 2018 because they could not afford it. The latest estimates by the <a href="https://www.aarp.org/retirement/retirement-savings/info-2019/no-retirement-money-saved.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) report</a> that nearly half (48 percent) of households headed by someone 55 and older lack any retirement savings or pension benefits. Even in what the press calls an economic boom, most Americans feel stressed and many are chronically angry and worried. According to a <a href="https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2015/02/money-stress" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2015 survey by the American Psychological Association</a>, financial worry is the “number one cause of stress in America today”.</p> <p>The data is completely clear. The rich are becoming much richer, and the rest are becoming poorer. Michael Hudson explains:</p> <p>“The creation and trading of property and financial assets at rising prices has been fueled by rising debt levels owed to the financial sector. This sector’s returns therefore are best seen not as real wealth on the asset side of the balance sheet, but as overhead on the liabilities side. And the process is multi-layered: income accruing to the financial wealth owned by the top 10 Percent is paid mainly by the bottom 90 percent in the form of rising debt service and other returns to financial and other property.</p> <p>“In the textbook models of industrial capitalism’s mass production and consumption, an asset’s price is determined by its cost of production. If the price rises above this level, competitors will offer it cheaper. But in the financialized economy an asset’s price is determined by how much credit buyers can borrow to buy it, not by its cost of production. A home is worth as much as a bank will lend to a bidder.</p> <p>“The engine of industrial capitalism and its consumer society is a positive feedback loop in which widely shared income growth, expanding consumption and markets generated yet more investment and growth. By contrast, the feedback loop of financial capitalism is an exponential growth of credit-driven debt, driving up asset prices and hence requiring yet more borrowing to buy homes, retirement income and other assets. Corporate management and investment today is mainly about obtaining capital gains for real estate, stocks and bonds than about earning income.</p> <p>“We illustrate this by charting the flow of income and capital gains in the real estate sector to show the dominance of asset-price gains over net rental income—and how rental income is used up paying interest in our financialized economy. Likewise, corporate income is spent (and new debt taken on) largely for stock buybacks to raise share prices. The resulting dynamic is exponential and destabilizing.”</p> <p>This dynamic is destabilizing, because as more of consumers’ discretionary income is drawn off to service mortgage, credit card, automobile and student debt and for compulsory health insurance, less is left to purchase the goods and services in the real economy. Consequently, credit-driven debt grows faster than the income that services it, and this impoverishes the 90%. However, for the 10%, money creation by the Federal Reserve in order to protect the balance sheets of the “banks too big to fail or jail” drives up the values of financial assets. As a result the distribution of income and wealth becomes highly polarized.</p> <p>Think about the many Americans who meet their living expenses by making only the minimum payment on their credit card balance. At 19% interest their debt grows monthly. Eventually they hit a credit card debt cap and can no longer use the card to cover their living expenses. But they have the burden of a large debt balance to service without an income stream capable of servicing it.</p> <p>Think about the corporation that decapitalizes itself in order to produce short to intermediate term capital gains for shareholders and executives by indebting the firm in order to buy back the firm’s shares. The end result is that all income goes for debt service.</p> <p>In a financialized economy, the only possible outcomes are debt forgiveness or collapse.</p> <p>As Michael Hudson makes clear, the combination of nonsensical categories in the National Income and Product Accounts and a financialized economy means we have no accurate picture of the economy’s condition. Michael Hudson has a proposal for correcting these problems and making GDP accounting more accurate, but as ecological economists such as Herman Daly have made clear, GDP measurement also omits the external costs of production. This means that we do not know whether GDP is growing or declining. It is entirely possible that the ecological and social costs of an increase in GDP (as currently measured) are greater than the value of the increased output. (See Paul Craig Roberts, <em><a href="https://amzn.to/2Z45yNX" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Failure of Laissez-Faire Capitalism</a>.</em>) Perhaps the major way in which GDP is overstated is the exclusion of external or social costs. External or social costs are costs of producing a product that the producer does not incur but imposes on third parties or on the environment. For example, untreated sewage dumped into a stream imposes costs on people downstream. Runoff of chemical fertilizers from commercial farming produces dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico and toxic algal blooms such as Red Tide that result in massive fish kills, make seafood unsafe, cause human ailments and adversely impact the tourist trade of beach areas. The result is lost incomes, ruined vacations, health expenses, and none of these costs are born by the commercial farmers.</p> <p>Real estate development produces massive external costs. Scenic views from existing properties are blocked, thus reducing their values. Construction noise and congestion impose costs on existing residents and reduces the quality of their lives. Water runoff problems are often created. Infrastructure has to be provided, such as larger highways to provide evacuation from hurricane-impacted areas, usually financed by taxpayers. If the global warming case is correct, the external cost of human economic activity can be the life of the planet.</p> <p>Lakshmi Sarah in the May/June, 2019, issue of the Sierra Club magazine provides an excellent detailed account of the external costs of coal-fired power plants being built in India by the Indian conglomerate Tata with a loan from the International Finance Corporation, a branch of the World Bank. The ground water in the area has been ruined and is no longer drinkable. Farmers are no longer able to grow crops on half of the area farmland. Heated wastewater that is dumped into the Gulf of Kutch is destroying fishing. The ecology and the livelihoods of the population are essentially destroyed. None of these costs are born by the private power companies.</p> <p>Tired of being doormats for capitalists and the World Bank, the residents of the affected provinces rebelled. They have succeeded in getting their case before the US Supreme Court. It seems that the International Finance Corporation is so accustomed to financing projects that produce large external costs that it overlooked its obligation to examine the environmental impact of the projects it finances. This oversight resulted in Indian farmers and fishermen getting their case before the US Supreme Court. The International Finance Corporation’s lawyers argued that the World Bank lending agency had “absolute immunity.” The Supreme Court said no and remanded the case to the circuit court to rule on the damages.</p> <p>Perhaps the most surprising thing about this apparent victory for ordinary faraway little people in an American court against the World Bank, a principle instrument of American imperialism, is that <em>the Trump administration appeared in court as a friend of the Indian farmers and fishermen</em>. The US Solicitor General, represented by Jonathan Ellis, rejected the notion that international organizations have absolute immunity. <em>The Establishment exists on its immunity. Here we see the ultimate reason that the ruling Establishment wants rid of Trump.</em></p> <p>Already the senior staff of the International Finance Corporation have come to the realization that they have other responsibilities than just to shuffle money out the lending shute. If the Indian farmers and fishermen succeed in protecting themselves from ruination by external costs, perhaps Americans who suffer external costs will follow their lead.</p> <p>Perhaps economists will also come to the realization that they owe us accurate GDP accounting and not fanciful accounts that serve elite wealth in the financialized economy.</p> <p><em>This article was originally published at </em><a href="https://www.paulcraigroberts.org/2019/12/16/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PaulCraigRoberts.org</a> <em>on December 16, 2019.</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="post-footer"> <div class="social-icons ed-social-share-icons"> <p class="share-title">Share:</p> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/&t=Neoliberal%20Economics%20Destroyed%20the%20Economy%20and%20the%20Middle%20Class" class="social-share-link" title="Share "Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" via Facebook" data-network-name="facebook" data-share-title="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" data-share-url="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/"> <span class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-facebook et-extra-icon-background-hover" ></span> </a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Neoliberal%20Economics%20Destroyed%20the%20Economy%20and%20the%20Middle%20Class%20https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/" class="social-share-link" title="Share "Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" via Twitter" data-network-name="twitter" data-share-title="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" data-share-url="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/"> <span class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-twitter et-extra-icon-background-hover" ></span> </a><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/&title=Neoliberal%20Economics%20Destroyed%20the%20Economy%20and%20the%20Middle%20Class" class="social-share-link" title="Share "Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" via LinkedIn" data-network-name="linkedin" data-share-title="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" data-share-url="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/"> <span class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-linkedin et-extra-icon-background-hover" ></span> </a><a href="#" class="social-share-link" title="Share "Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" via Email" data-network-name="basic_email" data-share-title="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" data-share-url="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/"> <span class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-basic_email et-extra-icon-background-hover" ></span> </a><a href="#" class="social-share-link" title="Share "Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" via Print" data-network-name="basic_print" data-share-title="Neoliberal Economics Destroyed the Economy and the Middle Class" data-share-url="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2019/12/18/neoliberal-economics-destroyed-the-economy-and-the-middle-class/"> <span class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-basic_print et-extra-icon-background-hover" ></span> </a> </div> <div class="rating-stars"> <p id="rate-title" class="rate-title">Rate:</p><div id="rating-stars"></div><input type="hidden" id="post_id" value="42085" /> </div> <style type="text/css" id="rating-stars"> .post-footer .rating-stars #rated-stars img.star-on, .post-footer .rating-stars #rating-stars img.star-on { background-color: #85bb65; } </style>  <p>Tags: <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/tag/banking/" rel="tag">Banking</a>, <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/tag/economy/" rel="tag">Economy</a>, <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/tag/federal-reserve/" rel="tag">Federal Reserve</a>, <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/tag/us-economy/" rel="tag">US Economy</a></p>  </div> </article>  <div class="et_extra_other_module author-box vcard"> <div class="author-box-header"> <h3>About the Author</h3> </div> <div class="author-box-content clearfix"> <div class="author-box-avatar photo"> <a href="http://www.paulcraigroberts.org"><img width="170" height="170" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%20170%20170'%3E%3C/svg%3E" class="avatar avatar-170 photo" alt="" decoding="async" data-lazy-srcset="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-440x440.jpg 440w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-32x32.jpg 32w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-50x50.jpg 50w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-64x64.jpg 64w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-96x96.jpg 96w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-128x128.jpg 128w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton.jpg 500w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px" data-lazy-src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-300x300.jpg" /><noscript><img width="170" height="170" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-300x300.jpg" class="avatar avatar-170 photo" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-440x440.jpg 440w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-32x32.jpg 32w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-50x50.jpg 50w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-64x64.jpg 64w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-96x96.jpg 96w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton-128x128.jpg 128w, https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/paul-craig-roberts-alexander-hamilton.jpg 500w" sizes="(max-width: 170px) 100vw, 170px" /></noscript></a> </div> <div class="author-box-description"> <h3><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/author/paul-craig-roberts/">Paul Craig Roberts</a></h3> <p class="note">Dr. Paul Craig Roberts attended four of the finest universities, studied under two Nobel Prize-winners in economics, authored 20 peer-reviewed articles in journals of scholarship, and published four academic press peer-reviewed books, including Harvard and Oxford Universities, and seven commercially published books. His most recent book is <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0986076996/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0986076996&linkCode=as2&tag=forepolijour-20&linkId=GPYVNE7BQVDJXGKC"><em>The Neoconservative Threat to World Order: Washington's Perilous War for Hegemony</em></a>.</p> <ul class="social-icons"> </ul> </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div>   <div class="subposts-sidebar"> </div>    <div id="comments"></div>  <section id="comment-wrap"> <h2 id="comments" class="page_title">1 Comment</h2> <ol class="commentlist clearfix"> <li class="comment even thread-even depth-1" id="li-comment-284759"> <article id="comment-284759" class="comment-body clearfix"> <div class="comment_avatar"> <img alt='Joseph S.' src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2080%2080'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4427d9c6014334f2e442c9a0f65002d6?s=160&d=mm&r=r 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async' data-lazy-src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4427d9c6014334f2e442c9a0f65002d6?s=80&d=mm&r=r"/><noscript><img alt='Joseph S.' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4427d9c6014334f2e442c9a0f65002d6?s=80&d=mm&r=r' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4427d9c6014334f2e442c9a0f65002d6?s=160&d=mm&r=r 2x' class='avatar avatar-80 photo' height='80' width='80' decoding='async'/></noscript> </div> <div class="comment_postinfo"> <span class="fn">Joseph S.</span> <span class="comment_date"> on January 15, 2020 at 9:16 am </span> </div> <div class="comment_area"> <div class="comment-content clearfix"> <p>“Here we see the ultimate reason that the ruling Establishment wants rid of Trump.”</p> <p>Thanks for the laugh.</p> <p>The Trump administration “appeared in court as a friend of the Indian farmers and fishermen” simply to remind the “ruling Establishment” what can happen if they don’t “play ball.” Everything is transactional with Trump; everything has a price. Far from wanting rid of him, they’ve finally found a Chief Executive that can be bought. Will the author really be that surprised when the tables “mysteriously” turn, as they already have so many other ways?</p> <div class='jetpack-comment-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-comment-wrapper-46039241-284759-675922a21d286' data-src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/#blog_id=46039241&comment_id=284759&origin=www.foreignpolicyjournal.com&obj_id=46039241-284759-675922a21d286' data-name='like-comment-frame-46039241-284759-675922a21d286'> <div class='likes-widget-placeholder comment-likes-widget-placeholder comment-likes'><span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div> <div class='comment-likes-widget jetpack-likes-widget comment-likes'><span class='comment-like-feedback'></span><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class="sd-link-color" rel="ugc"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </li> </ol> </section> </div> <div class="et_pb_extra_column_sidebar"> <div id="adrotate_widgets-81" class="et_pb_widget adrotate_widgets"><h4 class="widgettitle"> </h4></div> <div id="top-posts-9" class="et_pb_widget widget_top-posts"><h4 class="widgettitle">What Others Are Reading</h4><ul class='widgets-list-layout no-grav'> <li><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2013/01/12/gaddafis-libya-was-africas-most-prosperous-democracy/" title="Gaddafi's Libya was Africa's Most Prosperous Democracy" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp"><img width="75" height="75" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2075%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="Gaddafi's Libya was Africa's Most Prosperous Democracy" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" data-lazy-src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" width="75" height="75" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/libya-democracy.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="Gaddafi's Libya was Africa's Most Prosperous Democracy" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" /></noscript></a><div class="widgets-list-layout-links"> <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2013/01/12/gaddafis-libya-was-africas-most-prosperous-democracy/" title="Gaddafi's Libya was Africa's Most Prosperous Democracy" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Gaddafi's Libya was Africa's Most Prosperous Democracy</a> </div> </li><li><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2016/01/06/new-hillary-emails-reveal-true-motive-for-libya-intervention/" title="Hillary Emails Reveal True Motive for Libya Intervention" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp"><img width="75" height="75" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Muammar-al-Gaddafi.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="Hillary Emails Reveal True Motive for Libya Intervention" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" /></a><div class="widgets-list-layout-links"> <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2016/01/06/new-hillary-emails-reveal-true-motive-for-libya-intervention/" title="Hillary Emails Reveal True Motive for Libya Intervention" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Hillary Emails Reveal True Motive for Libya Intervention</a> </div> </li><li><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2012/04/09/911-as-sequel-to-iran-contra-armitage-carlucci-and-friends/" title="9/11 As Sequel to Iran-Contra: Armitage, Carlucci and Friends" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp"><img width="75" height="75" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%2075%2075'%3E%3C/svg%3E" data-lazy-srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="9/11 As Sequel to Iran-Contra: Armitage, Carlucci and Friends" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" data-lazy-src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" /><noscript><img loading="lazy" width="75" height="75" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Frank_Carlucci.jpeg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="9/11 As Sequel to Iran-Contra: Armitage, Carlucci and Friends" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" /></noscript></a><div class="widgets-list-layout-links"> <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2012/04/09/911-as-sequel-to-iran-contra-armitage-carlucci-and-friends/" title="9/11 As Sequel to Iran-Contra: Armitage, Carlucci and Friends" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">9/11 As Sequel to Iran-Contra: Armitage, Carlucci and Friends</a> </div> </li><li><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2017/08/26/how-we-know-the-so-called-civil-war-was-not-over-slavery/" title="How We Know The So-Called “Civil War” Was Not Over Slavery" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp"><img width="75" height="75" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lincoln-emancipation-proclamatinon.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="How We Know The So-Called “Civil War” Was Not Over Slavery" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" /></a><div class="widgets-list-layout-links"> <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2017/08/26/how-we-know-the-so-called-civil-war-was-not-over-slavery/" title="How We Know The So-Called “Civil War” Was Not Over Slavery" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">How We Know The So-Called “Civil War” Was Not Over Slavery</a> </div> </li><li><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2018/12/10/dual-citizens-in-congress-we-need-to-know/" title="Dual Citizens in Congress? We Need to Know" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp"><img width="75" height="75" src="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=75%2C75&ssl=1 1x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=112%2C112&ssl=1 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 2x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=225%2C225&ssl=1 3x, https://i0.wp.com/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/US-Capitol-Congress.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 4x" alt="Dual Citizens in Congress? We Need to Know" data-pin-nopin="true" class="widgets-list-layout-blavatar" /></a><div class="widgets-list-layout-links"> <a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2018/12/10/dual-citizens-in-congress-we-need-to-know/" title="Dual Citizens in Congress? We Need to Know" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Dual Citizens in Congress? We Need to Know</a> </div> </li></ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <footer data-wpr-lazyrender="1" id="footer" class="footer_columns_3"> <div id="footer-bottom"> <div class="container">  <p id="footer-info">© 2016 Foreign Policy Journal</p>  <div id="footer-nav"> <ul id="footer-menu" class="bottom-nav"><li id="menu-item-34307" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34307"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34308" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34308"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/about/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-34309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-34309"><a href="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/about/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> <ul class="et-extra-social-icons" style=""> <li class="et-extra-social-icon facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/foreignpolicyjournal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-none et-extra-icon-facebook"></a> </li> <li class="et-extra-social-icon twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/forpoljournal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-none et-extra-icon-twitter"></a> </li> <li class="et-extra-social-icon linkedin"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/foreign-policy-journal" class="et-extra-icon et-extra-icon-background-none et-extra-icon-linkedin"></a> </li> </ul> </div>  </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <span title="Back To Top" id="back_to_top"></span> <style type="text/css"> /* Hide reCAPTCHA V3 badge */ .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden !important; } </style><script type='text/javascript'>window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {( $ => { /** * Displays toast message from storage, it is used when the user is redirected after login */ if ( window.sessionStorage ) { $( window ).on( 'tcb_after_dom_ready', () => { const message = sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ); if ( message ) { tcbToast( sessionStorage.getItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ), false ); sessionStorage.removeItem( 'tcb_toast_message' ); } } ); } /** * Displays toast message * * @param {string} message - message to display * @param {Boolean} error - whether the message is an error or not * @param {Function} callback - callback function to be called after the message is closed */ function tcbToast( message, error, callback ) { /* Also allow "message" objects */ if ( typeof message !== 'string' ) { message = message.message || message.error || message.success; } if ( ! error ) { error = false; } TCB_Front.notificationElement.toggle( message, error ? 'error' : 'success', callback ); } } )( typeof ThriveGlobal === 'undefined' ? jQuery : ThriveGlobal.$j ); });</script><style type="text/css" id="tve_notification_styles"></style> <div class="tvd-toast tve-fe-message" style="display: none"> <div class="tve-toast-message tve-success-message"> <div class="tve-toast-icon-container"> <span class="tve_tick thrv-svg-icon"></span> </div> <div class="tve-toast-message-container"></div> </div> </div><link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='et-shortcodes-css-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/epanel/shortcodes/css/shortcodes-legacy.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link data-minify="1" rel='stylesheet' id='et-shortcodes-responsive-css-css' href='https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/epanel/shortcodes/css/shortcodes_responsive.css?ver=1725471394' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/add-ons-free/user-profile-picture/js/mpp-frontend.js?ver=1725471394" id="mpp_gutenberg_tabs-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="adrotate-clicker-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var click_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/adrotate/library/jquery.clicker.js?ver=1725471394" id="adrotate-clicker-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js?ver=4.2.2" id="masonry-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="extra-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var EXTRA = {"images_uri":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Extra\/images\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","your_rating":"Your Rating:","item_in_cart_count":"%d Item in Cart","items_in_cart_count":"%d Items in Cart","item_count":"%d Item","items_count":"%d Items","rating_nonce":"3dbc60a304","timeline_nonce":"261e954471","blog_feed_nonce":"41a3d3e575","error":"There was a problem, please try again.","contact_error_name_required":"Name field cannot be empty.","contact_error_email_required":"Email field cannot be empty.","contact_error_email_invalid":"Please enter a valid email address.","is_ab_testing_active":"","is_cache_plugin_active":"yes"}; var et_builder_utils_params = {"condition":{"diviTheme":false,"extraTheme":true},"scrollLocations":["app","top"],"builderScrollLocations":{"desktop":"app","tablet":"app","phone":"app"},"onloadScrollLocation":"app","builderType":"fe"}; var et_frontend_scripts = {"builderCssContainerPrefix":"#et-boc","builderCssLayoutPrefix":"#et-boc .et-l"}; var et_pb_custom = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","images_uri":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Extra\/images","builder_images_uri":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Extra\/includes\/builder\/images","et_frontend_nonce":"f3c4da1b6a","subscription_failed":"Please, check the fields below to make sure you entered the correct information.","et_ab_log_nonce":"b270ae771f","fill_message":"Please, fill in the following fields:","contact_error_message":"Please, fix the following errors:","invalid":"Invalid email","captcha":"Captcha","prev":"Prev","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","wrong_captcha":"You entered the wrong number in captcha.","wrong_checkbox":"Checkbox","ignore_waypoints":"no","is_divi_theme_used":"","widget_search_selector":".widget_search","ab_tests":[],"is_ab_testing_active":"","page_id":"42085","unique_test_id":"","ab_bounce_rate":"5","is_cache_plugin_active":"yes","is_shortcode_tracking":"","tinymce_uri":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-content\/themes\/Extra\/includes\/builder\/frontend-builder\/assets\/vendors","accent_color":"#142b44","waypoints_options":[]}; var et_pb_box_shadow_elements = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/themes/Extra/scripts/scripts.min.js?ver=4.27.4" id="extra-scripts-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js?ver=86601747e6073138abe0632de08b563d" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="tve-dash-frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var tve_dash_front = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","force_ajax_send":"1","is_crawler":"","recaptcha":[],"turnstile":[],"post_id":"42085"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/thrive-leads/thrive-dashboard/js/dist/frontend.min.js?ver=10.2.2" id="tve-dash-frontend-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/includes/builder/feature/dynamic-assets/assets/js/jquery.fitvids.js?ver=1725471394" id="fitvids-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/profile-builder/assets/misc/divi/scripts/frontend-bundle.min.js?ver=1.0.0" id="profile-builder-divi-extension-frontend-bundle-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/queuehandler.js?ver=1725471394" id="jetpack_likes_queuehandler-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/core/admin/js/common.js?ver=1725471394" id="et-core-common-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202450.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"46039241\",\"post\":\"42085\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "46039241", "42085" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="et-shortcodes-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var et_shortcodes_strings = {"previous":"Previous","next":"Next"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script data-minify="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/wp-content/themes/Extra/epanel/shortcodes/js/et_shortcodes_frontend.js?ver=1725471394" id="et-shortcodes-js-js" data-rocket-defer defer></script> <script type="text/javascript">var tcb_current_post_lists=JSON.parse('[]'); var tcb_post_lists=tcb_post_lists?[...tcb_post_lists,...tcb_current_post_lists]:tcb_current_post_lists;</script><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/if ( !window.TL_Const ) {var TL_Const={"security":"76884c93d4","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","forms":[],"action_conversion":"tve_leads_ajax_conversion","action_impression":"tve_leads_ajax_impression","ajax_load":1,"main_group_id":37046,"display_options":{"allowed_post_types":[],"flag_url_match":false},"custom_post_data":[],"current_screen":{"screen_type":4,"screen_id":42085},"ignored_fields":["email","_captcha_size","_captcha_theme","_captcha_type","_submit_option","_use_captcha","g-recaptcha-response","__tcb_lg_fc","__tcb_lg_msg","_state","_form_type","_error_message_option","_back_url","_submit_option","url","_asset_group","_asset_option","mailchimp_optin","tcb_token","tve_labels","tve_mapping","_api_custom_fields","_sendParams","_autofill"]};} else { window.TL_Front && TL_Front.extendConst && TL_Front.extendConst({"security":"76884c93d4","ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.foreignpolicyjournal.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","forms":[],"action_conversion":"tve_leads_ajax_conversion","action_impression":"tve_leads_ajax_impression","ajax_load":1,"main_group_id":37046,"display_options":{"allowed_post_types":[],"flag_url_match":false},"custom_post_data":[],"current_screen":{"screen_type":4,"screen_id":42085},"ignored_fields":["email","_captcha_size","_captcha_theme","_captcha_type","_submit_option","_use_captcha","g-recaptcha-response","__tcb_lg_fc","__tcb_lg_msg","_state","_form_type","_error_message_option","_back_url","_submit_option","url","_asset_group","_asset_option","mailchimp_optin","tcb_token","tve_labels","tve_mapping","_api_custom_fields","_sendParams","_autofill"]})} /*]]> */</script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20241211#ver=20241211&n=1' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><div class="likes-text"><span>%d</span></div><ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul></div> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script><script data-no-minify="1" async src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-rocket/assets/js/lazyload/17.8.3/lazyload.min.js"></script><script data-minify="1" async src="https://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/wp-content/cache/min/1/implement.js?ver=1725471394"></script> <noscript> <img src="https://new.fqtag.com/pixel?org=63qJx5I21MIJkQwBeIW1&p=57c9fb46d7bba036355b8146&rt=displayImg" width="1" height="1"border="0" /> </noscript> </body> </html>