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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaget_ved_Bentonville" title="Slaget ved Bentonville – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Slaget ved Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Bentonville" title="Schlacht bei Bentonville – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Bentonville" title="Batalla de Bentonville – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84" title="نبرد بنتون‌ویل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد بنتون‌ویل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Bentonville" title="Bataille de Bentonville – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Bentonville" title="Battaglia di Bentonville – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Bentonville" title="Slag bij Bentonville – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%93%E3%83%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="ベントンビルの戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベントンビルの戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Bentonville" title="Bitwa pod Bentonville – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Bentonville" title="Batalha de Bentonville – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Сражение при Бентонвилле – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сражение при Бентонвилле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bentonville" title="Battle of Bentonville – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Battle of Bentonville" data-language-autonym="Simple English" 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Bentonville&params=35_18_23_N_78_19_26_W_region:US-NC_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°18′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°19′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.30639°N 78.32389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.30639; -78.32389</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1865 battle of the American Civil War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Bentonville</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Campaign of the Carolinas</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_(9093488984).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg/300px-OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg/450px-OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg/600px-OP_26_Battle_at_Bentonville_%289093488984%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="783" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Frank_Leslie%27s_Illustrated_Newspaper" title="Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper">Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper</a> April 22, 1865 issue, showing union troops routing the rebel left flank</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>March 19–21, 1865</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Bentonville,_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentonville, North Carolina">Bentonville, North Carolina</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Bentonville&params=35_18_23_N_78_19_26_W_region:US-NC_type:event"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°18′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">78°19′26″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.30639°N 78.32389°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.30639; -78.32389</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a>)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Confederate_States_%281865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281863-1865%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America"><img alt="Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/15px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/23px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/30px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America"><img alt="Confederate States of America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/15px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/23px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg/30px-Battle_flag_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America_%281-1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Military_Division_of_the_Mississippi" title="Military Division of the Mississippi">Military Division of the Mississippi</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_South" title="Army of the South">Army of the South</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 60,000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 21,900<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <b>1,527</b> total <div style="line-height:1.2em;">(194 killed, <br /> 1,112 wounded, <br /> 221 missing/captured)<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes,_p._219_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes,_p._219-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b>2,606</b> total <div style="line-height:1.2em;">(239 killed, <br /> 1,694 wounded, <br /> 673 missing/captured)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"><style 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.pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tnone"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px;border:none"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bentonville is located in North Carolina"><img alt="Bentonville is located in North Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg/280px-USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg/420px-USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg/560px-USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1076" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.673%;left:66.41%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bentonville"><img alt="Bentonville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Bentonville</div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_North_Carolina_relief_location_map.jpg" title="File:USA North Carolina relief location map.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Location in North Carolina</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" title="Template:Campaignbox Campaign of the Carolinas"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Campaign of the Carolinas"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Campaign of the Carolinas"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:94%;"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas"><span class="wrap">Campaign of the Carolinas</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivers%27_Bridge" title="Battle of Rivers' Bridge">Rivers' Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_James_Island_(1865)" title="Battle of James Island (1865)">James Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aiken" title="Battle of Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Congaree_Creek" title="Battle of Congaree Creek">Congaree Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Columbia" title="Capture of Columbia">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyse_Fork" title="Battle of Wyse Fork">Wise's Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monroe%27s_Crossroads" title="Battle of Monroe's Crossroads">Monroe's Cross-Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Averasborough" title="Battle of Averasborough">Averasborough</a></li> <li><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bentonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morrisville" title="Battle of Morrisville">Morrisville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Bentonville</b> (March 19–21, 1865) was fought in <a href="/wiki/Johnston_County,_North_Carolina" title="Johnston County, North Carolina">Johnston County, North Carolina</a>, near the village of Bentonville, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Theater_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Theater of the American Civil War">Western Theater</a> of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. It was the last battle between the western field armies of <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a>. </p><p>As the right wing of Sherman's army under command of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Oliver O. Howard</a> marched toward <a href="/wiki/Goldsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Goldsboro, North Carolina">Goldsborough</a>, the left wing under command of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum" title="Henry Warner Slocum">Henry W. Slocum</a> encountered the entrenched men of Johnston's army. On the first day of the battle, the Confederates attacked the <a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XIV Corps (Union Army)">XIV Corps</a> and routed two divisions, but the rest of Sherman's army defended its positions successfully. The next day, as Sherman sent reinforcements to the battlefield and expected Johnston to withdraw, only minor sporadic fighting occurred. On the third day, as skirmishing continued, the division of Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Mower" title="Joseph A. Mower">Joseph A. Mower</a> followed a path into the Confederate rear and attacked. The Confederates were able to repulse the attack as Sherman ordered Mower back to connect with his own corps. Johnston elected to withdraw from the battlefield that night. </p><p>As a result of the overwhelming Union strength and the heavy casualties his army suffered in the battle, Johnston surrendered to Sherman little more than a month later at <a href="/wiki/Bennett_Place" title="Bennett Place">Bennett Place</a>, near Durham Station. Coupled with Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House#Surrender_at_Appomattox" title="Battle of Appomattox Court House">surrender</a> on April 9, Johnston's surrender represented the effective end of the war. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_the_Carolinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign of the Carolinas">Campaign of the Carolinas</a></div> <p>Following his <a href="/wiki/Sherman%27s_March_to_the_Sea" title="Sherman's March to the Sea">March to the Sea</a>, Major General <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>, commanding the <a href="/wiki/Military_Division_of_the_Mississippi" title="Military Division of the Mississippi">Military Division of the Mississippi</a>, moved his army northward through the Carolinas. The Union general in chief, Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a> had ordered Sherman to bring his troops north to Virginia in order to battle the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Northern_Virginia" title="Army of Northern Virginia">Army of Northern Virginia</a>. However, Sherman argued that it would take too long to transport his troops there, and that his army could destroy Confederate supply lines to Petersburg and defeat Confederate forces by marching through the Carolinas. During the late winter and early spring of 1865, Sherman's army cut a swath of destruction through <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 8, Union soldiers crossed into <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> as Confederate units attempted to concentrate their forces to defeat the enemy during the march. Sherman divided his command into two parts, a Left Wing (the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Georgia" title="Army of Georgia">Army of Georgia</a>) commanded by Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Warner_Slocum" title="Henry Warner Slocum">Henry Warner Slocum</a> and a Right Wing (the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Tennessee" title="Army of the Tennessee">Army of the Tennessee</a>) commanded by Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Otis_Howard" title="Oliver Otis Howard">Oliver Otis Howard</a>. The two wings marched separately toward <a href="/wiki/Goldsboro,_North_Carolina" title="Goldsboro, North Carolina">Goldsboro</a> beginning on March 13, with no one in the Union command expecting major resistance from Johnston.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 23, Confederate general-in-chief <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a> ordered Johnston to take command of the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Tennessee" title="Army of Tennessee">Army of Tennessee</a> and other Confederate units in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida, and to "concentrate all available forces and drive back Sherman."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston managed to concentrate in North Carolina the Army of Tennessee commanded by <a href="/wiki/General_officers_in_the_Confederate_States_Army#Lieutenant_general" title="General officers in the Confederate States Army">Lt. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_P._Stewart" title="Alexander P. Stewart">Alexander P. Stewart</a>, Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hoke" title="Robert Hoke">Robert Hoke</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a> from the Army of Northern Virginia,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> troops from the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida commanded by Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/William_J._Hardee" title="William J. Hardee">William J. Hardee</a>, and cavalry under the command of Lt. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Wade_Hampton_III" title="Wade Hampton III">Wade Hampton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calling the united force the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_South" title="Army of the South">Army of the South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confederate maps erroneously showed that the two Union wings were twelve miles (19 km) apart, which meant each would take a day to reach the other.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnston planned to concentrate his entire army to defeat Slocum's wing and to destroy its trains before it reunited with the rest of the Union column; the attack was planned for "as soon after dawn tomorrow [March 19] as possible".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposing_forces">Opposing forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Opposing forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="aquamarine">Opposing commanders at Bentonville </th></tr> <tr> <td><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:center; margin: 0px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 128px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, USA"><img alt="Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, USA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg/189px-William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg/284px-William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg/378px-William-Tecumseh-Sherman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Maj. Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William T. Sherman</a>, USA</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Johnston.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, CSA"><img alt="Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, CSA" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Joseph_Johnston.jpg/181px-Joseph_Johnston.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Joseph_Johnston.jpg/272px-Joseph_Johnston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Joseph_Johnston.jpg/363px-Joseph_Johnston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gen.<br /><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a>, CSA</div> </li> </ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union">Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bentonville_Union_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentonville Union order of battle">Union order of battle</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confederate">Confederate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Confederate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bentonville_Confederate_order_of_battle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentonville Confederate order of battle">Confederate order of battle</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/305px-Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="305" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/458px-Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg/610px-Bentonville_Battlefield_North_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1830" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption>Map of Bentonville Battlefield core and study areas by the <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Protection_Program" title="American Battlefield Protection Program">American Battlefield Protection Program</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Confederate attack commenced on March 19, as Slocum's men marched on the Goldsboro Road, one-mile (1.6 km) south of Bentonville.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett,_p._408_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett,_p._408-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoke's division under Bragg's command deployed on the Confederate left facing west, while Stewart's army deployed on the Confederate right facing south.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Slocum was convinced he faced only enemy cavalry and artillery, not an entire army. In addition, Sherman did not believe that Johnston would fight with the <a href="/wiki/Neuse_River" title="Neuse River">Neuse River</a> to his rear. Therefore, Slocum initially notified Sherman that he was facing only cursory resistance near Bentonville and did not require aid.<sup id="cite_ref-Barrett,_p._408_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett,_p._408-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Believing he faced only cavalry, Slocum attempted to brush aside the Confederates by attacking with the 1st <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general_(United_States)" title="Brigadier general (United States)">Brig. Gen.</a> <a href="/wiki/William_P._Carlin" class="mw-redirect" title="William P. Carlin">William P. Carlin</a> from the <a href="/wiki/XIV_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XIV Corps (Union Army)">XIV Corps</a>, but this attack was driven back. Slocum then deployed his divisions in a defensive line, with Carlin's division on the left, Brig. Gen. <a href="/wiki/James_D._Morgan" title="James D. Morgan">James D. Morgan</a>'s 2nd Division on the right and two <a href="/wiki/XX_Corps_(Union_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="XX Corps (Union Army)">XX Corps</a> divisions in support, in order to delay the Confederates long enough to allow the rest of his wing to arrive.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the divisions, except for Morgan's, constructed strong <a href="/wiki/Breastworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Breastworks">breastworks</a>, which were further compromised by a gap in the center of the Union line.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lafayette McLaws' division from Hardee's command was approaching the Confederate positions at the time of the Union attacks. Due to Bragg's concern about a flanking attack on Hoke's left, McLaws was ordered to deploy on the Confederate left flank.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About noon, Hardee arrived with the division of <a href="/wiki/William_B._Taliaferro" title="William B. Taliaferro">William B. Taliaferro</a>, which was deployed behind the Army of Tennessee. Hardee was then placed in charge of the Confederate right wing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>It looked like a picture and at our distance was truly beautiful ... But it was a painful sight to see how close their battle flags were together, regiments being scarcely larger than companies and a division not much larger than a regiment should be. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Col. Charles W. Broadfoot, 1st North Carolina Junior Reserves, describing the attack by the Army of Tennessee<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>At 3 pm, Confederate infantry from the Army of Tennessee launched an attack and drove the Union left flank back in confusion, nearly capturing Carlin in the process and overrunning the XIV Corps field hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Confederates under Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Harvey_Hill" title="Daniel Harvey Hill">D.H. Hill</a> filled the vacuum left by the retreating Federals and began <a href="/wiki/Enfilade_and_defilade" title="Enfilade and defilade">enfilading</a> the Union troops remaining along the front. Morgan's division was nearly surrounded and was being attacked from three sides, but the Confederate attacks were uncoordinated and therefore unsuccessful in driving them from the position.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hardee, using Taliaferro's division and Bate's corps from the Army of Tennessee, attacked the Union positions near the Harper house but were repulsed after multiple assaults. McLaws arrived after Taliaferro and Bate were repulsed. He attacked, but was repulsed as well.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a heated engagement, Union reinforcements arrived and checked Hill's assault.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fighting continued after nightfall as the Confederates tried without success to drive back the Union line. About midnight, the Confederates withdrew to their original positions and started entrenching.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slocum had called for aid from Sherman during the afternoon attacks, and Howard's wing arrived on the field late on the afternoon of March 20, deploying on Slocum's right flank and extending the Union line towards Mill Creek. Johnston responded to Howard's arrival by pulling back Hoke's division so it ran at a right angle to Stewart's left flank, and deployed one of Hardee's divisions on Hoke's left. Confederate cavalry protected the Confederate flank to Mill Creek in a weak skirmish line.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only light skirmishing occurred on this day. Johnston remained on the field, claiming that he stayed to remove his wounded, but perhaps also in hope of enticing Sherman to attack again, as had happened at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kennesaw_Mountain" title="Battle of Kennesaw Mountain">Kennesaw Mountain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 21, Union Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Mower" title="Joseph A. Mower">Joseph A. Mower</a>, commanding the division on the Union right flank, requested permission from his corps commander to launch a "little reconnaissance" to his front, which was granted.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mower instead launched an attack with two brigades on the Confederate left flank, which was defending Mill Creek Bridge. Mower's men managed to come within one-mile (1.6 km) of the crossing before Sherman peremptorily ordered them to pull back. In his memoirs, Sherman admitted that this was a mistake and that he missed an opportunity to end the campaign then and there, perhaps capturing Johnston's army entirely. Among the Confederate casualties was Hardee's 16-year-old son, Willie. Hardee had reluctantly allowed his son to attach himself to the 8th Texas Cavalry just hours before Mower's attack. Another notable loss was the twenty-three year old Lieutenant Colonel of the 5th Cavalry Battalion, which had been fighting dismounted since the fall of 1864. Sample was killed by an artillery fragmentation, having sustained his 9th and last wound during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the battle, the Confederates suffered a total of nearly 2,600 casualties: 239 killed, 1,694 wounded and 673 missing. About half of the casualties were lost in the Army of Tennessee.<sup id="cite_ref-Hughes,_p._219_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hughes,_p._219-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Union army lost 194 killed, 1,112 wounded, and 221 missing, for a total of 1,527 casualties. The wounded were treated at the house of John Harper, with 360 unknown Confederates buried in a mass grave next to the Harper family cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>I can do no more than annoy him. I respectfully suggest that it is no longer a question whether you leave present position; you have only to decide where to meet Sherman. I will be near him. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Joseph Johnston to Robert E. Lee<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>During the night of March 21 until the following dawn, Johnston withdrew his army across Mill Creek and burned the bridge behind him, leaving behind a cavalry detachment as a rearguard. The Union army failed to detect the Confederate retreat until it was over.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sherman did not pursue the Confederates, but continued his march to Goldsboro, where he joined the Union forces under Terry and Schofield. After resting and refitting his combined forces, Sherman planned to continue onward to Petersburg, Virginia. However, following Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House, Johnston surrendered to Sherman at the Bennett Place, North Carolina on April 26.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate Army">Confederate Army</a> defeat at the Battle of Bentonville the army re-assembled around the grounds of the <a href="/wiki/Everitt_P._Stevens_House" title="Everitt P. Stevens House">Everitt P. Stevens House</a> where the last Grand Review of the army was held on April 6, 1865. In attendance at the review were Generals <a href="/wiki/William_J._Hardee" title="William J. Hardee">William J. Hardee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Johnston" title="Joseph E. Johnston">Joseph E. Johnston</a> and Governor <a href="/wiki/Zebulon_Baird_Vance" class="mw-redirect" title="Zebulon Baird Vance">Zebulon Baird Vance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battlefield_preservation">Battlefield preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Battlefield preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harper_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of the Harper House" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Harper_House.jpg/220px-Harper_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Harper_House.jpg/330px-Harper_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Harper_House.jpg/440px-Harper_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harper_House_(Harper,_North_Carolina)" title="Harper House (Harper, North Carolina)">The Harper House</a>, built in the 1850s, served as a Union field hospital during the battle and is located adjacent to the Bentonville Battlefield museum, which offers tours of its interior.</figcaption></figure> <p>The site of the battle is preserved as the <a href="/wiki/Bentonville_Battlefield" title="Bentonville Battlefield">Bentonville Battleground State Historic Site</a>, which was declared a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1996. The park, founded in 1965, includes 130 acres (0.53 km<sup>2</sup>) of the battlefield and runs a visitor's center adjacent to the restored <a href="/wiki/Harper_House_(Harper,_North_Carolina)" title="Harper House (Harper, North Carolina)">Harper House</a>, which served as a hospital for Union soldiers during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bentonville Battlefield Historical Association and the <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Trust" title="American Battlefield Trust">American Battlefield Trust</a> also own portions of the battlefield not included in the state park, including 1,924 acres (7.79 km<sup>2</sup>) by the Trust alone.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Trust and its partners, including the historical association, have acquired and preserved more than 2,063 acres (8.35 km<sup>2</sup>) of the battlefield in more than 55 separate acquisitions since 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>American Civil War: Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina, 1865</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 250.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 248.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_illustrating_the_Battle_of_Bentonsville,_N.C.,_fought_March_19th,_1865,_between_the_United_States_Forces_Commanded_by_Maj._Gen._H._W._Slocum_and_the_Rebel_Forces_Commanded_by_Gen._Jos._E._Johnston,_and_the_oper(...)_-_NARA_-_305615.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map illustrating the Battle of Bentonsville, N.C., fought March 19th, 1865, between the United States Forces Commanded by Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum and the Rebel Forces Commanded by Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, and the operations of March 20th & 21st under direction of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman resulting in the retreat of the rebels. Compiled under direction of O. M. Poe, Br. [Bvt.] Col., U.S.A., by Major E. [F.] Hoffmann. (NAID 305615)"><img alt="ALT DESCRIPTION" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_illustrating_the_Battle_of_Bentonsville%2C_N.C.%2C_fought_March_19th%2C_1865%2C_between_the_United_States_Forces_Commanded_by_Maj._Gen._H._W._Slocum_and_the_Rebel_Forces_Commanded_by_Gen._Jos._E._Johnston%2C_and_the_oper%28...%29_-_NARA_-_305615.jpg/373px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="249" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_illustrating_the_Battle_of_Bentonsville%2C_N.C.%2C_fought_March_19th%2C_1865%2C_between_the_United_States_Forces_Commanded_by_Maj._Gen._H._W._Slocum_and_the_Rebel_Forces_Commanded_by_Gen._Jos._E._Johnston%2C_and_the_oper%28...%29_-_NARA_-_305615.jpg/559px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Map_illustrating_the_Battle_of_Bentonsville%2C_N.C.%2C_fought_March_19th%2C_1865%2C_between_the_United_States_Forces_Commanded_by_Maj._Gen._H._W._Slocum_and_the_Rebel_Forces_Commanded_by_Gen._Jos._E._Johnston%2C_and_the_oper%28...%29_-_NARA_-_305615.jpg/746px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="869" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map illustrating the Battle of Bentonsville, N.C., fought March 19th, 1865, between the United States Forces Commanded by Maj. Gen. H. W. Slocum and the Rebel Forces Commanded by Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, and the operations of March 20th & 21st under direction of Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman resulting in the retreat of the rebels. Compiled under direction of O. M. Poe, Br. [Bvt.] Col., U.S.A., by Major E. [F.] Hoffmann. (NAID 305615)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Simplified map of the battle"><img alt="Simplified map of the battle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png/302px-Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png" decoding="async" width="202" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png/453px-Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png/604px-Battle_of_Bentonville_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1718" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Simplified map of the battle</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War">Commemoration of the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commemoration_of_the_American_Civil_War_on_postage_stamps" title="Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps">Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolinas_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolinas Campaign">Carolinas Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_costliest_American_Civil_War_land_battles" title="List of costliest American Civil War land battles">List of costliest American Civil War land battles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troop_engagements_of_the_American_Civil_War,_1865" title="Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1865">Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1865</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broadwater, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hughes,_p._219-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes,_p._219_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hughes,_p._219_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 21–22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This division had lately been operating in the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_North_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of North Carolina">Department of North Carolina</a>, and so during the battle would be under the nominal operational control of department commander General <a href="/wiki/Braxton_Bragg" title="Braxton Bragg">Braxton Bragg</a>. (Luvaas, p. 6.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hampton's command consisted of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_C._Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew C. Butler">Matthew C. Butler</a>'s division from the Army of Northern Virginia and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Wheeler" title="Joseph Wheeler">Joseph Wheeler</a>'s corps from the Army of Tennessee.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradly, p. 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luvaas, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 47, 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barrett,_p._408-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett,_p._408_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barrett,_p._408_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, p. 408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 53–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 74–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luvaas, pp. 11–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 60–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luvaas, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luvaas, pp. 13–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luvaas, pp. 16–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 128–130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 135–136, 147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, p. 187.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, pp. 188–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, pp. 403–404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, p. 407</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, pp. 400–401.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bradley, pp. 407–408.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrhpinv-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThomas_A._Greco1980" class="citation web cs1">Thomas A. Greco (August 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://files.nc.gov/ncdcr/nr/JT0044.pdf">"Everitt P. Stevens House"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Register of Historic Places – Nomination and Inventory</i>. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+%E2%80%93+Nomination+and+Inventory&rft.atitle=Everitt+P.+Stevens+House&rft.date=1980-08&rft.au=Thomas+A.+Greco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffiles.nc.gov%2Fncdcr%2Fnr%2FJT0044.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Bentonville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barrett, p. 411.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113035732/http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bentonville.html">"The Battle of Bentonville Summary & Facts"</a>. <i>Historical preservation</i>. Civil War Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwar.org/battlefields/bentonville.html">the original</a> on November 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+preservation&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Bentonville+Summary+%26+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwar.org%2Fbattlefields%2Fbentonville.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Bentonville" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.battlefields.org/visit/battlefields/bentonville-battlefield">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/American_Battlefield_Trust" title="American Battlefield Trust">American Battlefield Trust</a> "Bentonville Battlefield" webpage. Accessed May 15, 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Barrett, John G. "Bentonville, North Carolina (NC020), Johnston County, March 19–21, 1865", in <i>The Civil War Battlefield Guide</i>, 2nd ed., edited by Francis Kennedy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-74012-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-74012-6">0-395-74012-6</a>.</li> <li>Bradley, Mark L. <i>Last Stand in the Carolinas: The Battle of Bentonville</i>. Campbell, California: Savas Publishing Co., 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-882810-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-882810-02-3">1-882810-02-3</a>.</li> <li>Broadwater, Robert P. <i>Battle of Despair: Bentonville and the North Carolina Campaign</i>. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-821-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86554-821-3">978-0-86554-821-3</a>.</li> <li>Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs, Jr. <i>Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-2281-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-2281-7">0-8078-2281-7</a>.</li> <li>Luvaas, Jay. "Johnston's Last Stand – Bentonville." Undated pamphlet. Republished from <i>North Carolina Historical Review</i> vol. 33, no. 3 (July 1956), 332–58.</li> <li>U.S. War Department, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/sources/records/list.cfm">The War of the Rebellion</a></i>: <i>a Compilation of the <a href="/wiki/Official_Records_of_the_American_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Records of the American Civil War">Official Records</a> of the Union and Confederate Armies</i>. Series 1, Vol. XXI, Part 1, and Vol. XIX, Part II, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Davis, Daniel T., and Phillip S. Greenwalt. <i>Calamity in Carolina: The Battles of Averasboro and Bentonville, March 1865</i>. Emerging Civil War Series. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2015. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-245-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61121-245-7">978-1-61121-245-7</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Mark A., and Wade Sokolosky. <i>No Such Army Since the Days of Julius Caesar: Sherman's Carolinas Campaign from Fayetteville to Averasboro</i> (Discovering Civil War America) Published January 1, 2006 by Ironclad Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0967377063" title="Special:BookSources/978-0967377063">978-0967377063</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bentonville&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Bentonville" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Battle of Bentonville">Battle of Bentonville</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=218728">Battle of Bentonville</a> at <a href="/wiki/Historical_Marker_Database" title="Historical Marker Database">Historical Marker Database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Carolina_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template:North Carolina in the Civil War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_Carolina_in_the_Civil_War" title="Template talk:North Carolina in the Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_Carolina_in_the_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North Carolina in the Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="North Carolina in the American Civil War">North Carolina in the American Civil War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1861</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatteras_Inlet_Batteries" title="Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries">Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1862</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Roanoke_Island" title="Battle of Roanoke Island">Battle of Roanoke Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elizabeth_City" title="Battle of Elizabeth City">Battle of Elizabeth City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1862)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of New Bern (1862)">Battle of New Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Macon" title="Siege of Fort Macon">Siege of Fort Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mills" title="Battle of South Mills">Battle of South Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tranter%27s_Creek" title="Battle of Tranter's Creek">Battle of Tranter's Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinston" title="Battle of Kinston">Battle of Kinston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Hall" title="Battle of White Hall">Battle of White Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Goldsborough_Bridge" title="Battle of Goldsborough Bridge">Battle of Goldsborough Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1863</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Anderson" title="Battle of Fort Anderson">Battle of Fort Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Washington" title="Battle of Washington">Battle of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Suffolk" title="Siege of Suffolk">Siege of Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelton_Laurel_massacre" title="Shelton Laurel massacre">Shelton Laurel massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1864</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_New_Bern_(1864)" title="Battle of New Bern (1864)">Battle of New Bern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plymouth_(1864)" title="Battle of Plymouth (1864)">Battle of Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albemarle_Sound" title="Battle of Albemarle Sound">Battle of Albemarle Sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_Albemarle#Sinking" title="CSS Albemarle">Sinking of CSS <i>Albemarle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Plymouth" title="Capture of Plymouth">Capture of Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Bluff_Expedition" title="Rainbow Bluff Expedition">Rainbow Bluff Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fort_Fisher" title="First Battle of Fort Fisher">First Battle of Fort Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">1865</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fort_Fisher" title="Second Battle of Fort Fisher">Second Battle of Fort Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wilmington" title="Battle of Wilmington">Battle of Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wyse_Fork" title="Battle of Wyse Fork">Battle of Wyse Fork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monroe%27s_Crossroads" title="Battle of Monroe's Crossroads">Battle of Monroe's Crossroads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Averasborough" title="Battle of Averasborough">Battle of Averasborough</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Battle of Bentonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morrisville" title="Battle of Morrisville">Battle of Morrisville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Place" title="Bennett Place">Bennett Place</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Carolina_Confederate_Civil_War_units" title="List of North Carolina Confederate Civil War units">Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Carolina_Union_Civil_War_regiments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of North Carolina Union Civil War regiments">Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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