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<col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&oldid=1048773508" title="Turning the other cheek">Revision as of 21:51, 7 October 2021</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&action=edit&oldid=1048773508" title="Turning the other cheek">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-10-07T21:51:01Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:845:C201:74D0:740B:6A4D:4297:4077" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Special:Contributions/2601:845:C201:74D0:740B:6A4D:4297:4077" data-mw-revid="1048773508"><bdi>2601:845:c201:74d0:740b:6a4d:4297:4077</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:845:C201:74D0:740B:6A4D:4297:4077&action=edit&redlink=1" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&oldid=1050762022" title="Turning the other cheek">Revision as of 19:12, 19 October 2021</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&action=edit&oldid=1050762022" title="Turning the other cheek">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2021-10-19T19:12:00Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&action=edit&undoafter=1048773508&undo=1050762022" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Sahaib" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Sahaib" data-mw-revid="1050762022"><bdi>Sahaib</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Sahaib" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Sahaib">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Sahaib" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Sahaib">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>142,810</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">Unsourced</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turning_the_other_cheek&diff=next&oldid=1050762022" title="Turning the other cheek" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 27:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 27:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Wink interprets the succeeding verse from the Sermon on the Mount as a method for making the oppressor break the law. The commonly invoked Roman law of [[Angaria (Roman law)|Angaria]] allowed the Roman authorities to demand that inhabitants of occupied territories carry messages and equipment the distance of one mile post, but prohibited forcing an individual to go further than a single mile, at the risk of suffering disciplinary actions.<ref name= "angaria">{{cite book |author=Th. Mommsen |title=Codex Theodosianus 8:5:1|url= http://webu2.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/Constitutiones/CTh08.html#5}}</ref> In this example, the nonviolent interpretation sees Jesus as placing criticism on an unjust and hated Roman law, as well as clarifying the teaching to extend beyond Jewish law.<ref name= "angaria talmud">{{cite book | first= Michael | last = Avi-Yonah |title=The Jews Under Roman and Byzantine Rule: A Political History of Palestine from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Wink interprets the succeeding verse from the Sermon on the Mount as a method for making the oppressor break the law. The commonly invoked Roman law of [[Angaria (Roman law)|Angaria]] allowed the Roman authorities to demand that inhabitants of occupied territories carry messages and equipment the distance of one mile post, but prohibited forcing an individual to go further than a single mile, at the risk of suffering disciplinary actions.<ref name= "angaria">{{cite book |author=Th. Mommsen |title=Codex Theodosianus 8:5:1|url= http://webu2.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/Constitutiones/CTh08.html#5}}</ref> In this example, the nonviolent interpretation sees Jesus as placing criticism on an unjust and hated Roman law, as well as clarifying the teaching to extend beyond Jewish law.<ref name= "angaria talmud">{{cite book | first= Michael | last = Avi-Yonah |title=The Jews Under Roman and Byzantine Rule: A Political History of Palestine from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>===Righteous personal conduct interpretation===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Another interpretation is that Jesus was not changing the meaning of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth", but restoring it to the original context. Jesus starts his statement with "you have heard it said," which could mean that he was clarifying a misconception, as opposed to "it is written", which could be a reference to scripture. The common misconception seems to be that people were using Exodus 21:24–25 (the guidelines for a magistrate to punish convicted offenders) as a justification for personal vengeance. However, the command to "turn the other cheek" would be not a command to allow someone to beat or rob a person but a command not to take vengeance.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>===Metaphysical interpretation===</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In the [[New Thought]] community popular in the late 19th and early 20th century, many spiritual teachers such as [[Emmet Fox]] viewed [[Jesus Christ]] as the greatest teacher of [[metaphysics]] that ever lived; that in his teachings he was attempting to explain to the individuals of the day how to improve their lot in life through practical teachings. The Sermon on the Mount records the details of one such seminar. Despite losing much in translation, as well as using ancient metaphors which are easily misinterpreted in the modern age, the tenets of Jesus's teachings, phrases such as 'resist evil' and 'turn the other cheek' are pure Godly instructions.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Rather than taking 'an eye for an eye', Jesus encourages us to resist evil, because giving our attention to evil just invites more evil into our lives. Likewise, if someone should strike us, rather than retaliating and therefore becoming embroiled in a battle, Jesus encourages us to 'turn the other cheek'. This is not (as some may have interpreted) so that the assailant may strike the other, but indicates that turning and walking away from the potential altercation is the only way to get a positive and Christ-like outcome. Violence begets more violence.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>If we focus on any selfish, sinful thought, word or deed, it only increases its power and presence in our lives. By asking us to turn the other cheek, Jesus is suggesting we focus on forgiveness and loving others, rather than just the things we want.</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==See also==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==See also==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 19:12, 19 October 2021</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Phrase from the Sermon on the Mount in Christian doctrine</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/220px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/330px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg/440px-Bloch-SermonOnTheMount.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="1545" /></a><figcaption>Jesus taught turning the other cheek during the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Turning the other cheek</b> is a phrase in <a href="/wiki/Christian_doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian doctrine">Christian doctrine</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> that refers to responding to injury without revenge and allowing more injury. This passage is variously interpreted as accepting one's predicament, commanding <a href="/wiki/Nonresistance" title="Nonresistance">nonresistance</a> or advocating <a href="/wiki/Christian_pacifism" title="Christian pacifism">Christian pacifism</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scriptural_references">Scriptural references</h2></div> <p>The phrase originates from the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_5" title="Matthew 5">chapter 5</a>, an alternative for "<a href="/wiki/An_eye_for_an_eye" class="mw-redirect" title="An eye for an eye">an eye for an eye</a>" is given by <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><sup>38</sup>You have heard that it was said, "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth." <sup>39</sup>But I say to you, Do not resist the one who is evil. But if anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. <sup>40</sup>And if anyone would sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. <sup>41</sup>And if anyone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. <sup>42</sup>Give to the one who begs from you, and do not refuse the one who would borrow from you. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jesus Christ, English Standard Version (<a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:38" title="Matthew 5:38">Matthew 5:38</a>–<a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:42" title="Matthew 5:42">42</a>)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Sermon on the Plain</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a> <a href="/wiki/Luke_6" title="Luke 6">chapter 6</a>, as part of his command to "<a href="/wiki/Love_your_enemies" class="mw-redirect" title="Love your enemies">love your enemies</a>", Jesus says: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p><sup>27</sup>But I say to you who hear, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, <sup>28</sup>bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you. <sup>29</sup>To one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from one who takes away your cloak do not withhold your tunic either. <sup>30</sup>Give to everyone who begs from you, and from one who takes away your goods do not demand them back. <sup>31</sup>And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jesus Christ, English Standard Version (Luke 6:27–31)</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2></div> <p>This phrase, as with much of the <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>, has been subject to both literal and figurative <a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount#Interpretations" title="Sermon on the Mount">interpretations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_anarchist_interpretation">Christian anarchist interpretation</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a></div> <p>According to this interpretation the passages call for total nonresistance to the point of <i>facilitating</i> aggression against oneself, and since human governments defend themselves by military force, some have advocated <a href="/wiki/Christian_anarchism" title="Christian anarchism">Christian anarchism</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Leo Tolstoy</a> who elucidated his reasoning in his 1894 book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nonviolent_resistance_interpretation">Nonviolent resistance interpretation</h3></div> <p>The scholar <a href="/wiki/Walter_Wink" title="Walter Wink">Walter Wink</a>, in his book <i>Engaging the Powers: Discernment and Resistance in a World of Domination</i>, interprets the passage as ways to subvert the power structures of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-engaging-powers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engaging-powers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of Jesus, says Wink, striking backhand a person deemed to be of lower socioeconomic class was a means of asserting authority and dominance. If the persecuted person "turned the other cheek," the discipliner was faced with a dilemma: The left hand was used for unclean purposes, so a back-hand strike on the opposite cheek would not be performed. An alternative would be a slap with the open hand as a challenge or to punch the person, but this was seen as a statement of equality. Thus, by turning the other cheek, the persecuted was demanding equality. </p><p>Wink continues with an interpretation of handing over one's cloak in addition to one's tunic. The debtor has given the shirt off his back, a situation forbidden by Hebrew law as stated in <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy</a> (24:10–13). By giving the lender the cloak as well, the debtor was reduced to nakedness. Wink notes that public nudity was viewed as bringing shame on the viewer, and not just the naked, as seen in Noah's case (Genesis 9:20–23). </p><p>Wink interprets the succeeding verse from the Sermon on the Mount as a method for making the oppressor break the law. The commonly invoked Roman law of <a href="/wiki/Angaria_(Roman_law)" title="Angaria (Roman law)">Angaria</a> allowed the Roman authorities to demand that inhabitants of occupied territories carry messages and equipment the distance of one mile post, but prohibited forcing an individual to go further than a single mile, at the risk of suffering disciplinary actions.<sup id="cite_ref-angaria_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angaria-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this example, the nonviolent interpretation sees Jesus as placing criticism on an unjust and hated Roman law, as well as clarifying the teaching to extend beyond Jewish law.<sup id="cite_ref-angaria_talmud_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angaria_talmud-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style 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pacifism">Christian pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expounding_of_the_Law#Retaliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Expounding of the Law">Expounding of the Law#Retaliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_by_the_sword,_die_by_the_sword" title="Live by the sword, die by the sword">Live by the sword, die by the sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:29" title="Matthew 5:29">Matthew 5:29</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_10" title="Matthew 10">Matthew 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolstoyan">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_begets_violence" title="Violence begets violence">Violence begets violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_attraction_(New_Thought)" title="Law of attraction (New Thought)">Law of attraction (New Thought)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#6:17" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 6:17–</a> – This is a different location than the sermon on the mount of Matthew.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-engaging-powers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-engaging-powers_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWink1992" class="citation book cs1">Wink, Walter (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qNAEjt_Yh5cC"><i>Engaging the Powers: Discernment and Resistance in a World of Domination</i></a>. Fortress Press. pp. 175–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80062646-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80062646-4"><bdi>978-0-80062646-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engaging+the+Powers%3A+Discernment+and+Resistance+in+a+World+of+Domination&rft.pages=175-82&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-80062646-4&rft.aulast=Wink&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqNAEjt_Yh5cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurning+the+other+cheek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angaria-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-angaria_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTh._Mommsen" class="citation book cs1">Th. Mommsen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webu2.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/Constitutiones/CTh08.html#5"><i>Codex Theodosianus 8:5:1</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Codex+Theodosianus+8%3A5%3A1&rft.au=Th.+Mommsen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebu2.upmf-grenoble.fr%2FHaiti%2FCours%2FAk%2FConstitutiones%2FCTh08.html%235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurning+the+other+cheek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angaria_talmud-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-angaria_talmud_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah" class="citation book cs1">Avi-Yonah, Michael. <i>The Jews Under Roman and Byzantine Rule: A Political History of Palestine from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+Under+Roman+and+Byzantine+Rule%3A+A+Political+History+of+Palestine+from+the+Bar+Kokhba+War+to+the+Arab+Conquest&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATurning+the+other+cheek" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Douglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Douglass">Jim Douglass</a>, <i>Lightning from East to West: Jesus, Gandhi, and the nuclear age</i>, 1983 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8245-0587-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8245-0587-5">0-8245-0587-5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120921/http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=1&ItemID=6889">Christian Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/news/2000/01/the-limits-of-turn-the-other-cheek.aspx">The Limits of "Turn The Other Cheek"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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7">and 7</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teachings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_light" title="Salt and light">Salt and light</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_upon_a_Hill" title="City upon a Hill">City upon a Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamp_under_a_bushel" title="Lamp under a bushel">Lamp under a bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_of_the_World" title="Light of the World">Light of the World</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Turning the other cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_5:44" title="Matthew 5:44">Love your enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birds_of_the_Air" title="The Birds of the Air">The Birds of the Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufficient_unto_the_day_is_the_evil_thereof" title="Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof">Sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mote_and_the_Beam" title="The Mote and the Beam">The Mote and the Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Rule#Christianity" title="Golden Rule">Golden Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tree_and_its_Fruits" title="The Tree and its Fruits">The Tree and its Fruits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_prophet" title="False prophet">False prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_in_sheep%27s_clothing" title="Wolf in sheep's clothing">Wolf in sheep's clothing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Wise_and_the_Foolish_Builders" title="Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders">The Wise and Foolish Builders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry of Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">parables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus" title="Life of Jesus">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Beatitudes" title="Mount of Beatitudes">Mount of Beatitudes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lord%27s_Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount">Our Lord's Sermon on the Mount</a></i> (4th century book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kingdom_of_God_Is_Within_You" title="The Kingdom of God Is Within You">The Kingdom of God Is Within You</a></i> (1894 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img 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