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id="toc-Ark_of_the_Covenant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Menelik I</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%80%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%9D%E1%8A%92%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AD" title="ቀዳማዊ ምኒልክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቀዳማዊ ምኒልክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="منليك الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منليك الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I." title="Menelik I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Menelik I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I." title="Menelik I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Menelik I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_Ier" title="Menelik Ier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Menelik Ier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%84%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC_1%EC%84%B8" title="메넬리크 1세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메넬리크 1세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I." title="Menelik I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Menelik I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I_dari_Etiopia" title="Menelik I dari Etiopia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Menelik I dari Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9D" title="מנליק הראשון, מלך אקסום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנליק הראשון, מלך אקסום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99_I" title="მენელიკ I – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მენელიკ I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="منليك الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="منليك الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AF1%E4%B8%96" title="メネリク1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メネリク1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I_av_Etiopia" title="Menelik I av Etiopia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Menelik I av Etiopia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelique_I" title="Menelique I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Menelique I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_I" title="Менелик I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Менелик I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_I" title="Менелик I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Менелик I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Menelik I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menelik" title="Menelik – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Menelik" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Menelik" title="I. Menelik – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Menelik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="منلیک اول – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="منلیک اول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קעניג מענעליק – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעניג מענעליק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Emperor of Ethiopia from 975 to 950 BC</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Menelik I<br /><span title="Ge'ez-language text"><span lang="gez">ምኒልክ</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:ArkCovenant-Axum_(Menelik_I).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/ArkCovenant-Axum_%28Menelik_I%29.jpg/220px-ArkCovenant-Axum_%28Menelik_I%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/ArkCovenant-Axum_%28Menelik_I%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="301" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Detail from a larger painting in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a> (traditional)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">982–957 B.C. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian Calendar">E.C.</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Rey263_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rey263-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />975–950 B.C. <small>(<a href="/wiki/Gregorian_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorian Calendar">G.C.</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <small>(according to <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Tafari Makannon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_monarchs_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia">King List</a>)</small><sup id="cite_ref-Rey266_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rey266-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />954–930 B.C. <small>(Alternate dates from <a href="/wiki/E._A._Wallis_Budge" title="E. A. Wallis Budge">E. A. Wallis Budge</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Budge-229_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Budge-229-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Makeda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Hanyon or Tomai (depending on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_monarchs_of_Ethiopia#Alternate_King_lists_from_Menelik_I_to_Bazen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia">king list</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr>1000 B.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">Dynasty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">House of Solomon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">King Solomon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Menelik I</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez">Ge'ez</a>: ምኒልክ, <i>Mənilək</i>) was the legendary first <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Ethiopia" title="Emperor of Ethiopia">Emperor of Ethiopia</a>. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Kebra_Nagast" title="Kebra Nagast">Kebra Nagast</a></i>, a 14th-century national epic, in the <a href="/wiki/10th_century_BC" title="10th century BC">10th century BC</a> he is said to have inaugurated the <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a> of Ethiopia, so named because Menelik I was the son of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">biblical</a> <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">King Solomon</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">ancient Israel</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Makeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Makeda">Makeda</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the medieval Ethiopian book, the <i><a href="/wiki/Kebra_Nagast" title="Kebra Nagast">Kebra Nagast</a>,</i> written in <a href="/wiki/Ge%CA%BDez" title="Geʽez">Geʽez</a> in <a href="/wiki/1321" title="1321">1321 CE</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his name was <i>Bäynä Ləḥkəm</i> (from <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ابن الحكيم</span>, <span title="American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Ibn Al-Hakim</i></span>, "son of the wise"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). He was conceived when his father Solomon tricked his visiting mother, the Queen of Sheba, into sleeping with him. His mother raised him as Jewish in her homeland, and he only traveled to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to meet his father for the first time when he was in his twenties. While his father begged Menelik to stay and rule over Israel, Menelik told him that he wanted to return home. Thus, Solomon sent many Israelites with him, to aid him in ruling according to biblical standards; which were aggrieved at being exiled forever. One recount is that King Solomon gave the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> to his son, while another states that Menelik and his Israelite companions took the Ark with them; and Solomon attempted to regain the ark but was unable to, due to its supernatural properties aiding Menelik. Upon the death of his mother, or upon her abdication in his favor, Menelik was crowned King of Ethiopia. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_(_Ark_of_the_covenant_)_to_Axum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/220px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/330px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg/440px-Emperor_Menelik_I_Bringing_the_Zion_Tabot_%28_Ark_of_the_covenant_%29_to_Axum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption>Emperor Menelik I Bringing the Zion Tabot [ Ark of the covenant ] to Axum.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to one Ethiopian tradition, Menelik was born at Mai-Bela near the village of Addi-Shmagle, located north west of <a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dynasty">Dynasty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dynasty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to legend, Menelik I founded the <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a> of Ethiopia that ruled Ethiopia with few interruptions for close to three thousand years. This ended 225 generations later, with the deposition of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Haile_Selassie" title="Haile Selassie">Haile Selassie</a> in 1974. Historical records show that the Solomonic dynasty was restored, based on the traditional narrative, in 1262 AD, when <a href="/wiki/Yekuno_Amlak" title="Yekuno Amlak">Yekuno Amlak</a>, who claimed descent from biblical Solomon and Sheba, overthrew the last ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Zagwe_dynasty" title="Zagwe dynasty">Zagwe dynasty</a>, dismissing them as not of "the house of Israel" (i.e., of Solomon).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-established the Solomonic Dynasty in 1270 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acts 8:26–40 depicts a 1st century account of a eunuch of <a href="/wiki/Kandake" title="Kandake">Candace</a>, Queen of Ethiopians on a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, encountering <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Saint Philip</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samaria_(ancient_city)" title="Samaria (ancient city)">Samaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much tourist art in Ethiopia depicts the narrative about Menelik I in a series of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africa.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2004-7-61_Job_0246_prv_edit-brad.jpg">panels</a>, 44 scenes, eleven for each of four lines.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story depicted on them is the oral version (beginning with a backstory on Sheba and including an Ethiopian maid who also becomes pregnant by Solomon), not the medieval text version. </p><p>2004 short documentary, <i>Menelik I</i>, was filmed in Ethiopia. It tells the story of the son of the Queen of Sheba through tableau images and music.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tomb">Tomb</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tomb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A site known as the tomb of Menelik I is located 2 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">Kilometres</a> west of <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A German expedition in 1906 discovered walls and a room at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clergy of Axum collected bones that were alleged to belong to Menelik I and placed them in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Axum Sion Cathedral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ark_of_the_Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ark of the Covenant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Ethiopian tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> was brought to Ethiopia by first born sons of the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> who accompanied Menelik on his return from <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ark is believed to be held in <a href="/wiki/Axum" title="Axum">Axum</a> and no one is allowed to enter the shrine it is held in except for one monk who is assigned to look after it for life and is not allowed to leave the courtyard of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the persecution of <a href="/wiki/Gudit" title="Gudit">Gudit</a> in the 10th century and the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian-Adal_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopian-Adal war">Ethiopian-Adal war</a> in the 16th century the Ark was moved south to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ziway" title="Lake Ziway">Lake Ziway</a> and later brought back to Axum.<sup id="cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_II" title="Menelik II">Menelik II of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebra_Negast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebra Negast">Kebra Negast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_monarchs_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia">List of legendary monarchs of Ethiopia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The dates included on Tafari Makannon's king list follow the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a>. According to Charles Fernand Rey, the Gregorian date equivalent would be 7 or 8 years ahead.<sup id="cite_ref-Rey263_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rey263-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menelik_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rey263-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rey263_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rey263_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. F. Rey, <i>In the Country of the Blue Nile</i> (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rey266-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rey266_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. F. Rey, <i>In the Country of the Blue Nile</i> (1927), Camelot Press, London, pg. 266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Budge-229-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Budge-229_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBudge1928" class="citation book cs1">Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928). <i>A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1)</i>. London: Methuen & Co. p. 229.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ethiopia%3A+Nubia+and+Abyssinia+%28Volume+1%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+Wallis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marrassini, Paolo. 2007. "Kəbrä Nägäśt." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N: Vol. 3, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 364-368. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fiaccadori,_Gianfranco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiaccadori, Gianfranco">Fiaccadori, Gianfranco</a>. 2007. "Mənilək I." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: He-N: Vol. 3, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 921-922. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bezold, Carl. 1905. Kibra negest , die Kerrlichkeit der Könige: Nach den Handschriften in Berlin, London, Oxford und Paris. München: K.B. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous. 1932. The Queen of Sheba and Her Only son Menyelek ... A Complete Translation of the Kebra Nagast. Translated by E. A. Wallis Budge. 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hubbard, David Allan. 1957. "The Literary Sources of the Kebra Nagast."PhD diss, University of St. Andrews.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name "Menelik" is <a href="/wiki/Amharic" title="Amharic">Amharic</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Semitic language">Semitic language</a> spoken in Ethiopia) in origin, and has two meanings:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newKerala.com/baby-name/4260/menelik">[1]</a> <ol><li>"Son of the wise man"</li> <li>"What will he send?"</li></ol> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudge1928" class="citation book cs1">Budge, E. A. Wallis (1928). <i>A History of Ethiopia: Nubia and Abyssinia (Volume 1)</i>. London: Methuen & Co. p. 200.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ethiopia%3A+Nubia+and+Abyssinia+%28Volume+1%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=Methuen+%26+Co.&rft.date=1928&rft.aulast=Budge&rft.aufirst=E.+A.+Wallis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPankhurst1986" class="citation journal cs1">Pankhurst, Richard (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43660191">"Fear God, Honor the King: The Use of Biblical Allusions in Ethiopian Historical Literature, Part I"</a>. <i>Northeast African Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 11–30. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43660191">43660191</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeast+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Fear+God%2C+Honor+the+King%3A+The+Use+of+Biblical+Allusions+in+Ethiopian+Historical+Literature%2C+Part+I&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-30&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43660191%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Pankhurst&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43660191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zagwe-dynasty#ref184296">"Zagwe dynasty | Ethiopian history"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zagwe+dynasty+%26%23124%3B+Ethiopian+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FZagwe-dynasty%23ref184296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%208&version=NIV">"Acts 8 NIV - - Bible Gateway"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acts+8+NIV+-+-+Bible+Gateway&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DActs%25208%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/771516">"The Story of the Queen of Sheba"</a>. <i>www.metmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-01-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.metmuseum.org&rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Queen+of+Sheba&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F771516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiasio2009" class="citation journal cs1">Biasio, Elisabeth (2009). "Contemporary Ethiopian Painting in Traditional Style: From Church-Based to Tourist Art". <i>African Arts</i>. <b>42</b> (1): 14–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fafar.2009.42.1.14">10.1162/afar.2009.42.1.14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-9933">0001-9933</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447932">20447932</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:57561543">57561543</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+Arts&rft.atitle=Contemporary+Ethiopian+Painting+in+Traditional+Style%3A+From+Church-Based+to+Tourist+Art&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-25&rft.date=2009&rft.issn=0001-9933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A57561543%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20447932%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1162%2Fafar.2009.42.1.14&rft.aulast=Biasio&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1370436/"><i>Menelik l</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128789817#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UrGNWt_Gqrk"><span class="plainlinks">Menelik l</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sergew-41-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sergew-41_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelassie1972" class="citation book cs1">Selassie, Sergew Hable (1972). <i>Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270</i>. Addis Ababa. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+and+Medieval+Ethiopian+History+to+1270&rft.place=Addis+Ababa&rft.pages=41&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Selassie&rft.aufirst=Sergew+Hable&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMenelik+I" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template talk:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ark_of_the_Covenant_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel" title="Bezalel">Bezalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oholiab" title="Oholiab">Oholiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehath" title="Kehath">Kehath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzah" title="Uzzah">Uzzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Menelik I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinai (bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)" title="Ai (Canaan)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Eben-Ezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath-Jearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Cathedral of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Qirqos" title="Tana Qirqos">Tana Qirqos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal</a></i> (1992 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solomon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solomon" title="Template:Solomon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solomon" title="Template talk:Solomon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solomon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and<br />reputed relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Menelik I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Naamah (wife of Solomon)">Naamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)">Pharaoh's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occurrences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Marcolf" title="Solomon and Marcolf">Solomon and Marcolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_shamir" title="Solomon's shamir">Solomon's shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_ants" title="Valley of the ants">Valley of the ants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reputed works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Protocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">Psalm 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deuterocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of Wisdom</a></li></ul></li> <li>Apocryphal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon" title="Odes of Solomon">Odes of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Solomon" title="Testament of Solomon">Testament of Solomon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grimoires <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Key_of_Solomon" title="Key of Solomon">Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Key_of_Solomon" title="The Lesser Key of Solomon">The Lesser Key of Solomon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Treatise_of_Solomon" title="Magical Treatise of Solomon">Magical Treatise of Solomon</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Solomon%27s_Mines" title="King Solomon's Mines">King Solomon's Mines</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Solomon" title="Seal of Solomon">Seal of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot" title="Solomon's knot">Solomon's knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Sorcery (goetia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li 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