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<li id="toc-Early_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early designs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torpedo_gunboat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Torpedo_gunboat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Torpedo gunboat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Torpedo_gunboat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Development_of_modern_destroyers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_of_modern_destroyers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Development of modern destroyers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Development_of_modern_destroyers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Development of modern destroyers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Development_of_modern_destroyers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subsequent_improvements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_improvements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Subsequent improvements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_improvements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_use_and_World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_use_and_World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Early use and World War I</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Early_use_and_World_War_I-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Early use and World War I subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_use_and_World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Early combat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1918–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1918–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>1918–1945</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-1918–1945-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 1918–1945 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-1918–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Later_combat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_combat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Later combat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_combat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Post-World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ships_of_equivalent_to_frigates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships_of_equivalent_to_frigates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ships of equivalent to frigates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships_of_equivalent_to_frigates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships_of_note_classed_as_frigates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships_of_note_classed_as_frigates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ships of note classed as frigates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships_of_note_classed_as_frigates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Former operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Future_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Future development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Destroyers_in_Preservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Destroyers_in_Preservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Destroyers in Preservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Destroyers_in_Preservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Destroyer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedojaer" title="Torpedojaer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Torpedojaer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="مدمرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدمرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmines" title="Esmines – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Esmines" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ডেস্ট্রয়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেস্ট্রয়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Эскадраны мінаносец – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эскадраны мінаносец" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Разрушител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Разрушител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razara%C4%8D" title="Razarač – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Razarač" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lestr-distruj" title="Lestr-distruj – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lestr-distruj" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructor" title="Destructor – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Destructor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torp%C3%A9doborec" title="Torpédoborec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Torpédoborec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llong_ddistryw" title="Llong ddistryw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llong ddistryw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Destroyer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerst%C3%B6rer" title="Zerstörer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zerstörer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4vitaja" title="Hävitaja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hävitaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C" title="Αντιτορπιλικό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντιτορπιλικό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructor" title="Destructor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Destructor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destrojero" title="Destrojero – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Destrojero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruktore" title="Destruktore – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Destruktore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86" title="ناوشکن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناوشکن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Destroyer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedoboatjager" title="Torpedoboatjager – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Torpedoboatjager" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriost%C3%B3ir" title="Scriostóir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scriostóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destrutor" title="Destrutor – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Destrutor" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%B6%95%ED%95%A8" title="구축함 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구축함" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Էսկադրային ականակիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսկադրային ականակիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4" title="विनाशक पोत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विनाशक पोत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razara%C4%8D" title="Razarač – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Razarač" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_perusak" title="Kapal perusak – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kapal perusak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundurspillir" title="Tundurspillir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tundurspillir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacciatorpediniere" title="Cacciatorpediniere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cacciatorpediniere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%AA" title="משחתת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משחתת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Эскадралық миналы кеме – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эскадралық миналы кеме" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskadrinis_minininkas" title="Eskadrinis minininkas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Eskadrinis minininkas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombol%C3%B3_(hadihaj%C3%B3)" title="Romboló (hadihajó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Romboló (hadihajó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="विनाशिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विनाशिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapal_pembinasa" title="Kapal pembinasa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kapal pembinasa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC" title="ဖျက်သင်္ဘော – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဖျက်သင်္ဘော" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedobootjager" title="Torpedobootjager – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Torpedobootjager" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A7%86%E9%80%90%E8%89%A6" title="駆逐艦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="駆逐艦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jager" title="Jager – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jager" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagar" title="Jagar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jagar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroi%C3%A8r" title="Destroièr – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Destroièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niszczyciel" title="Niszczyciel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Niszczyciel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contratorpedeiro" title="Contratorpedeiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Contratorpedeiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrug%C4%83tor_(nav%C4%83)" title="Distrugător (navă) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Distrugător (navă)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Эскадренный миноносец – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эскадренный миноносец" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkat%C3%ABrruesi_(marin%C3%AB)" title="Shkatërruesi (marinë) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkatërruesi (marinë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A" title="නාශක නැව් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නාශක නැව්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Destroyer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torp%C3%A9doborec" title="Torpédoborec – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Torpédoborec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ru%C5%A1ilec" title="Rušilec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rušilec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87" title="Разарач – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Разарач" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razara%C4%8D" title="Razarač – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Razarač" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4vitt%C3%A4j%C3%A4_(laiva)" title="Hävittäjä (laiva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hävittäjä (laiva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagare" title="Jagare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jagare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நாசகாரிக் கப்பல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாசகாரிக் கப்பல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Эскадра мина ташучысы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эскадра мина ташучысы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95" title="เรือพิฆาต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรือพิฆาต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhrip" title="Muhrip – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhrip" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ескадрений міноносець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ескадрений міноносець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_khu_tr%E1%BB%A5c" title="Tàu khu trục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tàu khu trục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%B1%E9%80%90%E8%88%B0" title="驱逐舰 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="驱逐舰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90%E8%89%A6" title="驅逐艦 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="驅逐艦" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of warship intended to escort other larger ships</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Destroyer_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Destroyer (disambiguation)">Destroyer (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_(DDG-51).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg/220px-130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg/330px-130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg/440px-130920-N-NX070-025_-_USS_Arleigh_Burke_%28DDG-51%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5350" data-file-height="3292" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Arleigh_Burke" title="USS Arleigh Burke">USS <i>Arleigh Burke</i></a>, the lead ship of her class of <a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_destroyer" title="Guided-missile destroyer">guided-missile destroyers</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._(31620613005).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg/220px-USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg/330px-USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg/440px-USS_Zumwalt_is_on_the_final_leg_of_its_three-month_journey_to_its_new_homeport_in_San_Diego._%2831620613005%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>The destroyers of the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Zumwalt-class_destroyer" title="Zumwalt-class destroyer"><i>Zumwalt</i> class</a>, pictured here sailing with a <a href="/wiki/Independence-class_littoral_combat_ship" title="Independence-class littoral combat ship"><i>Independence</i>-class littoral combat ship</a> (rear) are the longest and heaviest destroyers currently in service</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg/220px-Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg/330px-Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg/440px-Caio_Duilio_D554.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The Italian <a href="/wiki/Italian_destroyer_Caio_Duilio" title="Italian destroyer Caio Duilio"><i>Caio Duilio</i></a> belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Horizon-class_frigate" title="Horizon-class frigate">Horizon class</a> of Franco-Italian designed first-rate frigates</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">naval</a> terminology, a <b>destroyer</b> is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warship</a> intended to escort larger vessels in a <a href="/wiki/Naval_fleet" title="Naval fleet">fleet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoy</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Carrier_battle_group" title="Carrier battle group">carrier battle group</a> and defend them against a wide range of general threats. They were originally conceived in 1885 by <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Villaamil" title="Fernando Villaamil">Fernando Villaamil</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bernie2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernie2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a defense against <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a>, and by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Torpedo boats">torpedo boats</a> designed to destroy other torpedo boats".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, destroyers were light vessels with little endurance for unattended ocean operations;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> typically, a number of destroyers and a single <a href="/wiki/Destroyer_tender" title="Destroyer tender">destroyer tender</a> operated together.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the war, destroyers grew in size. The American <a href="/wiki/Allen_M._Sumner-class_destroyer" title="Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer"><i>Allen M. Sumner</i>-class destroyers</a> had a displacement of 2,200 tons, while the <a href="/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyer" title="Arleigh Burke-class destroyer"><i>Arleigh Burke</i> class</a> has a displacement of up to 9,600 tons, a difference of nearly 340%. Moreover, the advent of guided missiles allowed destroyers to take on the surface-combatant roles previously filled by battleships and cruisers. This resulted in larger and more powerful <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile destroyer">guided missile destroyers</a> more capable of independent operation. </p><p>At the start of the 21st century, destroyers are the global standard for <a href="/wiki/Surface_combatant" title="Surface combatant">surface-combatant</a> ships, with only two nations (the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russia</a>) officially operating the heavier <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruisers</a>, with no <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleships</a> or true <a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">battlecruisers</a> remaining.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern guided-missile destroyers are equivalent in <a href="/wiki/Tonnage" title="Tonnage">tonnage</a> but vastly superior in firepower to cruisers of the World War II era, and are capable of carrying <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear missile">nuclear-tipped</a> <a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile" title="Cruise missile">cruise missiles</a>. At 510 feet (160 m) long, a displacement of 9,200 tons, and with an armament of more than 90 missiles,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> guided-missile destroyers such as the <i>Arleigh Burke</i> class are actually larger and more heavily armed than most previous ships classified as guided-missile cruisers. The Chinese <a href="/wiki/Type_055_destroyer" title="Type 055 destroyer">Type 055 destroyer</a> has been described as a cruiser in some US Navy reports due to its size and armament.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> navies, such as the <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Navy">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Danish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German</a>, use the term "<a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigate</a>" for their destroyers, which leads to some confusion.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fernando_Villaamil_(ca_1897).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg/220px-Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg/330px-Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg/440px-Fernando_Villaamil_%28ca_1897%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="884" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Villaamil" title="Fernando Villaamil">Fernando Villaamil</a>, credited as the inventor of the destroyer concept, died in action during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Battle of Santiago de Cuba</a> in 1898.</figcaption></figure> <p>The emergence and development of the destroyer was related to the invention of the self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> in the 1860s. A navy now had the potential to destroy a superior enemy battle fleet using steam <a href="/wiki/Launch_(boat)" title="Launch (boat)">launches</a> to fire torpedoes. Cheap, fast boats armed with torpedoes called <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a> were built and became a threat to large capital ships near enemy coasts. The first seagoing vessel designed to launch the self-propelled <a href="/wiki/Whitehead_torpedo" title="Whitehead torpedo">Whitehead torpedo</a> was the 33-ton <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lightning_(1876)" title="HMS Lightning (1876)">HMS <i>Lightning</i></a> in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-ast_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was armed with two drop collars to launch these weapons; these were replaced in 1879 by a single <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_tube" title="Torpedo tube">torpedo tube</a> in the bow. By the 1880s, the type had evolved into small ships of 50–100 tons, fast enough to evade enemy picket boats. </p><p>At first, the threat of a torpedo-boat attack to a battle fleet was considered to exist only when at anchor, but as faster and longer-range torpedo boats and torpedoes were developed, the threat extended to cruising at sea. In response to this new threat, more heavily gunned picket boats called "catchers" were built, which were used to escort the battle fleet at sea. They needed significant seaworthiness and endurance to operate with the battle fleet, and as they inherently became larger, they became officially designated "torpedo-boat destroyers", and by the First World War were largely known as "destroyers" in English. The antitorpedo boat origin of this type of ship is retained in its name in other languages, including <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">contre-torpilleur</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> (<span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">cacciatorpediniere</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">contratorpedeiro</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> (<span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">torpédoborec</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> (<span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">antitorpiliko</i></span>, <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el">αντιτορπιλικό</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">torpedobootjager</i></span>) and, up until the Second World War, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">kontrtorpedowiec</i></span>, now obsolete).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once destroyers became more than just catchers guarding an anchorage, they were recognized to be also ideal to take over the offensive role of torpedo boats themselves, so they were also fitted with torpedo tubes in addition to their antitorpedo-boat guns. At that time, and even into World War I, the only function of destroyers was to protect their own battle fleet from enemy torpedo attacks and to make such attacks on the battleships of the enemy. The task of escorting merchant convoys was still in the future. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_designs">Early designs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early designs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kotaka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kotaka.jpg/220px-Kotaka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kotaka.jpg/330px-Kotaka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kotaka.jpg/440px-Kotaka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1296" data-file-height="772" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>'s <i>Kotaka</i> (1887)</figcaption></figure> <p>An important development came with the construction of <a href="/wiki/HMS_TB_81_(1885)" title="HMS TB 81 (1885)">HMS <i>Swift</i></a> in 1884, later redesignated TB 81.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a large (137 ton) torpedo boat with four <a href="/wiki/QF_3-pounder_Hotchkiss" title="QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss">47 mm quick-firing guns</a> and three torpedo tubes. At 23.75 <a href="/wiki/Knot_(unit)" title="Knot (unit)">knots</a> (43.99 km/h; 27.33 mph), while still not fast enough to engage enemy torpedo boats reliably, the ship at least had the armament to deal with them. </p><p>Another forerunner of the torpedo-boat destroyer (TBD) was the Japanese torpedo boat<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_torpedo_boat_Kotaka" title="Japanese torpedo boat Kotaka"><i>Kotaka</i></a> (<i>Falcon</i>), built in 1885.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed to Japanese specifications and ordered from the Isle of Dogs, London <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_shipyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarrow shipyards">Yarrow shipyard</a> in 1885, she was transported in parts to Japan, where she was assembled and launched in 1887. The 165-foot (50 m) long vessel was armed with four 1-pounder (37 mm) quick-firing guns and six <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> tubes, reached 19 knots (35 km/h), and at 203 tons, was the largest torpedo boat built to date. In her trials in 1889, <i>Kotaka</i> demonstrated that she could exceed the role of coastal defense, and was capable of accompanying larger <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> on the high seas. The Yarrow shipyards, builder of the parts for <i>Kotaka</i>, "considered Japan to have effectively invented the destroyer".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The German <a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">aviso</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Greif_(1886)" title="SMS Greif (1886)"><i>Greif</i></a>, launched in 1886, was designed as a "<i>Torpedojäger</i>" (torpedo hunter), intended to screen the fleet against attacks by torpedo boats. The ship was significantly larger than torpedo boats of the period, displacing some 2,266 t (2,230 long tons), with an armament of 10.5 cm (4.1 in) guns and 3.7 cm (1.5 in) <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_revolver_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss revolver cannon">Hotchkiss revolver cannon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Torpedo_gunboat">Torpedo gunboat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Torpedo gunboat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_gunboat" title="Torpedo gunboat">Torpedo gunboat</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Spider.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HMS_Spider.png/220px-HMS_Spider.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HMS_Spider.png/330px-HMS_Spider.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/HMS_Spider.png/440px-HMS_Spider.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2189" /></a><figcaption>HMS <i>Spider</i>, an early model of torpedo gunboat</figcaption></figure> <p>The first vessel designed for the explicit purpose of hunting and destroying torpedo boats was the <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_gunboat" title="Torpedo gunboat">torpedo gunboat</a>. Essentially very small cruisers, torpedo gunboats were equipped with torpedo tubes and an adequate gun armament, intended for hunting down smaller enemy boats. By the end of the 1890s, torpedo gunboats were made obsolete by their more successful contemporaries, the TBDs, which were much faster. </p><p>The first example of this was <a href="/wiki/HMS_Rattlesnake_(1886)" title="HMS Rattlesnake (1886)">HMS <i>Rattlesnake</i></a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Barnaby" title="Nathaniel Barnaby">Nathaniel Barnaby</a> in 1885, and commissioned in response to the <a href="/wiki/Panjdeh_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjdeh Incident">Russian War scare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-L&W_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&W-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gunboat was armed with torpedoes and designed for hunting and destroying smaller <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boats</a>. Exactly 200 feet (61 m) long and 23 feet (7.0 m) in beam, she displaced 550 tons. Built of steel, <i>Rattlesnake</i> was unarmoured with the exception of a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span>-inch protective deck. She was armed with a single <a href="/wiki/BL_4_inch_naval_gun_Mk_I_%E2%80%93_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="BL 4 inch naval gun Mk I – VI">4-inch/25-pounder breech-loading gun</a>, six <a href="/wiki/QF_3_pounder_Hotchkiss" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 3 pounder Hotchkiss">3-pounder QF guns</a> and four 14-inch (360 mm) torpedo tubes, arranged with two fixed tubes at the bow and a set of torpedo-dropping carriages on either side. Four torpedo reloads were carried.<sup id="cite_ref-L&W_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L&W-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of torpedo gunboat classes followed, including the <i>Grasshopper</i> class, the <a href="/wiki/Sharpshooter-class_torpedo_gunboat" title="Sharpshooter-class torpedo gunboat"><i>Sharpshooter</i> class</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alarm-class_torpedo_gunboat" title="Alarm-class torpedo gunboat"><i>Alarm</i> class</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Dryad-class_torpedo_gunboat" title="Dryad-class torpedo gunboat"><i>Dryad</i> class</a> – all built for the Royal Navy during the 1880s and the 1890s. In the 1880s, the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> ordered the construction of two <a href="/wiki/Almirante_Lynch-class_torpedo_gunboat" title="Almirante Lynch-class torpedo gunboat"><i>Almirante Lynch</i> class</a> torpedo gunboats from the British shipyard Laird Brothers, which specialized in the construction of this type of vessel. The novelty is that one of these <i>Almirante Lynch</i>-class torpedo boats managed to sink the ironclad <a href="/wiki/Chilean_ironclad_Blanco_Encalada" title="Chilean ironclad Blanco Encalada"><i>Blanco Encalada</i></a> with a <a href="/wiki/Robert_Whitehead#The_first_torpedo" title="Robert Whitehead">self-propelled torpedoes</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Caldera_Bay" title="Battle of Caldera Bay">Battle of Caldera Bay</a> in 1891, thus surpassing its main function of hunting torpedo boats. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Villaamil" title="Fernando Villaamil">Fernando Villaamil</a>, second officer of the Ministry of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Navy of Spain</a>, designed his own torpedo gunboat to combat the threat from the torpedo boat.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He asked several British shipyards to submit proposals capable of fulfilling these specifications. In 1885, the Spanish Navy chose the design submitted by the shipyard of James and <a href="/wiki/George_Thomson_(shipbuilder)" title="George Thomson (shipbuilder)">George Thomson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Clydebank" title="Clydebank">Clydebank</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spanish_warship_Destructor" title="Spanish warship Destructor"><i>Destructor</i></a> (<i>Destroyer</i> in Spanish) was laid down at the end of the year, launched in 1886, and commissioned in 1887. Some authors considered her as the first destroyer ever built.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contratorpedero_Destructor_(en_1890).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg/220px-Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg/330px-Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg/440px-Contratorpedero_Destructor_%28en_1890%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Spanish warship <a href="/wiki/Spanish_warship_Destructor" title="Spanish warship Destructor"><i>Destructor</i></a> in 1890, the first destroyer ever built</figcaption></figure> <p>She displaced 348 tons, and was the first warship<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> equipped with twin <a href="/wiki/Triple-expansion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Triple-expansion engine">triple-expansion engines</a> generating 3,784 ihp (2,822 kW), for a maximum speed of 22.6 knots (41.9 km/h),<sup id="cite_ref-dest_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which made her one of the faster ships in the world in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was armed with one 90 mm (3.5 in) Spanish-designed <a href="/wiki/Hontoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Hontoria">Hontoria</a> <a href="/wiki/Breech-loading_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Breech-loading weapon">breech-loading</a> gun,<sup id="cite_ref-Bernie2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernie2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> four 57 mm (2.2 in) (<a href="/wiki/QF_6_pounder_Nordenfelt" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt">6-pounder</a>) <a href="/wiki/Thorsten_Nordenfelt" title="Thorsten Nordenfelt">Nordenfelt</a> guns, two 37 mm (1.5 in) (3-pdr) <a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_et_Cie" title="Hotchkiss et Cie">Hotchkiss</a> cannons and two 15-inch (38 cm) <a href="/wiki/Schwartzkopff_torpedo" title="Schwartzkopff torpedo">Schwartzkopff torpedo</a> tubes.<sup id="cite_ref-dest_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship carried three torpedoes per tube.<sup id="cite_ref-Bernie2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernie2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She carried a crew of 60.<sup id="cite_ref-dest_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dest-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In terms of gunnery, speed, and dimensions, the specialised design to chase torpedo boats and her high-seas capabilities, <i>Destructor</i> was an important precursor to the TBD.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bernie2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernie2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_of_modern_destroyers">Development of modern destroyers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development of modern destroyers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Havock_(1893).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg/220px-HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg/330px-HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg/440px-HMS_Havock_%281893%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Havock_(1893)" title="HMS Havock (1893)">HMS <i>Havock</i></a>, the first modern destroyer, commissioned in 1894</figcaption></figure> <p>The first classes of ships to bear the formal designation TBD were the <a href="/wiki/Daring-class_destroyer_(1893)" title="Daring-class destroyer (1893)"><i>Daring</i> class</a> of two ships and <a href="/wiki/Havock-class_destroyer" title="Havock-class destroyer"><i>Havock</i> class</a> of two ships of the Royal Navy. </p><p>Early torpedo gunboat designs lacked the range and speed to keep up with the fleet they were supposed to protect. In 1892, the <a href="/wiki/Third_Sea_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Sea Lord">Third Sea Lord</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Fisher,_1st_Baron_Fisher" title="John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher">John "Jacky" Fisher</a> ordered the development of a new type of ships equipped with the then-novel <a href="/wiki/Water-tube_boiler" title="Water-tube boiler">water-tube boilers</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_ordnance_terms#QF" class="mw-redirect" title="British ordnance terms">quick-firing</a> small-calibre guns. Six ships to the specifications circulated by the admiralty were ordered initially, comprising three different designs each produced by a different shipbuilder: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Daring_(1893)" title="HMS Daring (1893)">HMS <i>Daring</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Decoy_(1894)" title="HMS Decoy (1894)">HMS <i>Decoy</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/John_I._Thornycroft_%26_Company" title="John I. Thornycroft & Company">John I. Thornycroft & Company</a>, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Havock_(1893)" title="HMS Havock (1893)">HMS <i>Havock</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Hornet_(1893)" title="HMS Hornet (1893)">HMS <i>Hornet</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">Yarrows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Ferret_(1893)" title="HMS Ferret (1893)">HMS <i>Ferret</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lynx_(1894)" title="HMS Lynx (1894)">HMS <i>Lynx</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Laird, Son & Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These ships all featured a turtleback (i.e. rounded) <a href="/wiki/Forecastle" title="Forecastle">forecastle</a> that was characteristic of early British TBDs. <a href="/wiki/HMS_Daring_(1893)" title="HMS Daring (1893)">HMS <i>Daring</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Decoy_(1894)" title="HMS Decoy (1894)">HMS <i>Decoy</i></a> were both built by <a href="/wiki/Thornycroft" title="Thornycroft">Thornycroft</a>, displaced 260 tons (287.8 tons full load), and were 185 feet in length. They were armed with one <a href="/wiki/QF_12_pounder_12_cwt_naval_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun">12-pounder gun</a> and three 6-pounder guns, with one fixed 18-in torpedo tube in the bow plus two more torpedo tubes on a revolving mount abaft the two funnels. Later, the bow torpedo tube was removed and two more 6-pounder guns added, instead. They produced 4,200 hp from a pair of Thornycroft water-tube boilers, giving them a top speed of 27 knots, giving the range and speed to travel effectively with a battle fleet. In common with subsequent early Thornycroft boats, they had sloping sterns and double rudders.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The French navy, an extensive user of torpedo boats, built its first TBD in 1899, with the <a href="/wiki/Durandal-class_destroyer" title="Durandal-class destroyer"><i>Durandal</i>-class</a> <i>torpilleur d'escadre</i>. The United States commissioned its first TBD, <a href="/wiki/USS_Bainbridge_(DD-1)" title="USS Bainbridge (DD-1)">USS <i>Bainbridge</i></a>, Destroyer No. 1, in 1902, and by 1906, 16 destroyers were in service with the US Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_improvements">Subsequent improvements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subsequent improvements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yarrow_plan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Yarrow_plan.png/220px-Yarrow_plan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Yarrow_plan.png/330px-Yarrow_plan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Yarrow_plan.png/440px-Yarrow_plan.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>Builders' plans for the British <a href="/wiki/Charger-class_destroyer" title="Charger-class destroyer"><i>Charger</i> class</a>, built 1894–95</figcaption></figure> <p>Torpedo boat destroyer designs continued to evolve around the turn of the 20th century in several key ways. The first was the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Steam_turbine" title="Steam turbine">steam turbine</a>. The spectacular unauthorized demonstration of the turbine-powered <a href="/wiki/Turbinia" title="Turbinia"><i>Turbinia</i></a> at the 1897 Spithead Navy Review, which, significantly, was of torpedo-boat size, prompted the Royal Navy to order a prototype turbine-powered destroyer, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Viper_(1899)" title="HMS Viper (1899)">HMS <i>Viper</i></a> of 1899. This was the first turbine warship of any kind, and achieved a remarkable 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph) on sea trials. By 1910, the turbine had been widely adopted by all navies for their faster ships.<sup id="cite_ref-ast_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second development was the replacement of the torpedo boat-style turtleback foredeck by a raised forecastle for the new <a href="/wiki/River-class_destroyer_(1903)" title="River-class destroyer (1903)">River-class</a> destroyers built in 1903, which provided better sea-keeping and more space below deck. </p><p>The first warship to use only <a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">fuel oil</a> propulsion was the Royal Navy's TBD <a href="/wiki/HMS_Spiteful_(1899)" title="HMS Spiteful (1899)">HMS <i>Spiteful</i></a>, after experiments in 1904, although the obsolescence of coal as a fuel in British warships was delayed by oil's availability.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other navies also adopted oil, for instance the USN with the <a href="/wiki/Paulding-class_destroyer" title="Paulding-class destroyer"><i>Paulding</i> class</a> of 1909. In spite of all this variety, destroyers adopted a largely similar pattern. The hull was long and narrow, with a relatively shallow draft. The bow was either raised in a forecastle or covered under a turtleback; underneath this were the crew spaces, extending <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">4</span></span> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> the way along the hull. Aft of the crew spaces was as much engine space as the technology of the time would allow - several boilers and engines or turbines. Above deck, one or more quick-firing guns were mounted in the bows, in front of the bridge; several more were mounted amidships and astern. Two tube mountings (later on, multiple mountings) were generally found amidships. </p><p>Between 1892 and 1914, destroyers became markedly larger; initially 275 tons with a length of 165 feet (50 m) for the Royal Navy's first <a href="/wiki/Havock-class_destroyer" title="Havock-class destroyer"><i>Havock</i> class</a> of TBDs,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up to the First World War with 300-foot (91 m) long destroyers displacing 1,000 tons was not unusual. Construction remained focused on putting the biggest possible engines into a small hull, though, resulting in a somewhat flimsy construction. Often, hulls were built of <a href="/wiki/High-tensile_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tensile steel">high-tensile steel</a><sup id="cite_ref-ast_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> only <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in (3.2 mm) thick. </p><p>By 1910, the steam-driven displacement (that is, not <a href="/wiki/Planing_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Planing (sailing)">hydroplaning</a>) torpedo boat had become redundant as a separate type. Germany, nevertheless, continued to build such boats until the end of World War I, although these were effectively small coastal destroyers. In fact, Germany never distinguished between the two types, giving them pennant numbers in the same series and never giving names to destroyers. Ultimately, the term "torpedo boat" came to be attached to a quite different vessel – the very fast-hydroplaning, motor-driven <a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">motor torpedo boat</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_use_and_World_War_I">Early use and World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Early use and World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Navies originally built TBDrs to protect against torpedo boats, but admirals soon appreciated the flexibility of the fast, multipurpose vessels that resulted. Vice-Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin Walker">Baldwin Walker</a> laid down destroyer duties for the Royal Navy:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Screening the advance of a fleet when hostile torpedo craft are about</li> <li>Searching a hostile coast along which a fleet might pass</li> <li>Watching an enemy's port for the purpose of harassing his torpedo craft and preventing their return</li> <li>Attacking an enemy fleet</li></ul> <p>Early destroyers were extremely cramped places to live, being "without a doubt magnificent fighting vessels... but unable to stand bad weather".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> in 1904, the commander of the Imperial Japanese Navy TBD <i>Akatsuki</i><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> described "being in command of a destroyer for a long period, especially in wartime... is not very good for the health". Stating that he had originally been strong and healthy, he continued, "life on a destroyer in winter, with bad food, no comforts, would sap the powers of the strongest men in the long run. A <i>destroyer</i> is always more uncomfortable than the others, and rain, snow, and <i>sea-water</i> combine to make them damp; in fact, in bad weather, there is not a dry spot where one can rest for a moment."<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Japanese destroyer-commander finished with, "Yesterday, I looked at myself in a mirror for a long time; I was disagreeably surprised to see my face thin, full of wrinkles, and as old as though I were 50. My clothes (uniform) cover nothing but a skeleton, and my bones are full of <a href="/wiki/Rheumatism" title="Rheumatism">rheumatism</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Grant_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1898, the US Navy officially classified <a href="/wiki/USS_Porter_(TB-6)" title="USS Porter (TB-6)">USS <i>Porter</i></a>, a 175-foot (53 m) long all steel vessel displacing 165 tons, as a torpedo boat, but her commander, LT. John C. Fremont, described her as "...a compact mass of machinery not meant to keep the sea nor to live in... as five-sevenths of the ship are taken up by machinery and fuel, whilst the remaining two-sevenths, fore and aft, are the crew's quarters; officers forward and the men placed aft. And even in those spaces are placed anchor engines, steering engines, steam pipes, etc. rendering them unbearably hot in tropical regions."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_combat">Early combat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Early combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Loyal_(1913)_IWM_SP_001136.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg/220px-HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg/330px-HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg/440px-HMS_Loyal_%281913%29_IWM_SP_001136.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="554" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Loyal_(1913)" title="HMS Loyal (1913)">HMS <i>Loyal</i></a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Laforey-class_destroyer_(1913)" title="Laforey-class destroyer (1913)"><i>Laforey</i> class</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The TBD's first major use in combat came during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Port_Arthur" title="Battle of Port Arthur">Japanese surprise attack on the Russian fleet</a> anchored in <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lüshunkou District">Port Arthur</a> at the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> on 8 February 1904. </p><p>Three destroyer divisions attacked the Russian fleet in port, firing a total of 18 torpedoes, but only two Russian battleships, <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Tsesarevich" title="Russian battleship Tsesarevich"><i>Tsesarevich</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Retvizan" title="Russian battleship Retvizan"><i>Retvizan</i></a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">protected cruiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Pallada_(1899)" title="Russian cruiser Pallada (1899)"><i>Pallada</i></a>, were seriously damaged due to the proper deployment of <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_net" title="Torpedo net">torpedo nets</a>. <i>Tsesarevich</i>, the Russian flagship, had her nets deployed, with at least four enemy torpedoes "hung up" in them,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other warships were similarly saved from further damage by their nets.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While capital-ship engagements were scarce in World War I, destroyer units engaged almost continually in raiding and patrol actions. The first shot of the war at sea was fired on 5 August 1914 by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Lance_(1914)" title="HMS Lance (1914)">HMS <i>Lance</i></a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/3rd_Destroyer_Flotilla" title="3rd Destroyer Flotilla">3rd Destroyer Flotilla</a>, in an engagement with the German auxiliary <a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">minelayer</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_K%C3%B6nigin_Luise_(1913)" title="SS Königin Luise (1913)"><i>Königin Luise</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Destroyers were involved in the skirmishes that prompted the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heligoland_(1914)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Heligoland (1914)">Battle of Heligoland Bight</a>, and filled a range of roles in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Gallipoli">Battle of Gallipoli</a>, acting as troop transports and as fire-support vessels, as well as their fleet-screening role. Over 80 British destroyers and 60 German torpedo boats took part in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a>, which involved pitched small-boat actions between the main fleets, and several foolhardy attacks by unsupported destroyers on capital ships. Jutland also concluded with a messy night action between the German <a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Fleet" title="High Seas Fleet">High Seas Fleet</a> and part of the British destroyer screen. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wickes_dd75.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wickes_dd75.jpg/220px-Wickes_dd75.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wickes_dd75.jpg/330px-Wickes_dd75.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Wickes_dd75.jpg/440px-Wickes_dd75.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5684" data-file-height="4199" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Wickes_(DD-75)" title="USS Wickes (DD-75)">USS <i>Wickes</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Wickes-class_destroyer" title="Wickes-class destroyer"><i>Wickes</i>-class</a> destroyer</figcaption></figure> <p>The threat evolved by World War I with the development of the <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>, or <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a>. The submarine had the potential to hide from gunfire and close underwater to fire torpedoes. Early-war destroyers had the speed and armament to intercept submarines before they submerged, either by gunfire or by ramming. Destroyers also had a shallow enough draft that they were difficult to hit with torpedoes. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Badger_(1911).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg/220px-HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg/330px-HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg/440px-HMS_Badger_%281911%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="618" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Badger_(1911)" title="HMS Badger (1911)">HMS <i>Badger</i></a> was the first destroyer to successfully ram a submarine.</figcaption></figure> <p>The desire to attack submarines under water led to rapid destroyer evolution during the war. They were quickly equipped with strengthened bows for ramming, and <a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">depth charges</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrophone" title="Hydrophone">hydrophones</a> for identifying submarine targets. The first submarine casualty credited to a destroyer was the German <a href="/wiki/SM_U-19_(Germany)" title="SM U-19 (Germany)"><i>U-19</i></a>, rammed by <a href="/wiki/HMS_Badger_(1911)" title="HMS Badger (1911)">HMS <i>Badger</i></a> on 29 October 1914. While <i>U-19</i> was only damaged, the next month, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Garry" title="HMS Garry">HMS <i>Garry</i></a> successfully sank <a href="/wiki/SM_U-18" title="SM U-18"><i>U-18</i></a>. The first depth-charge sinking was on 4 December 1916, when <a href="/wiki/SM_UC-19" title="SM UC-19"><i>UC-19</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was sunk by HMS <i>Llewellyn</i>. </p><p>The submarine threat meant that many destroyers spent their time on antisubmarine patrol. Once Germany adopted <a href="/wiki/Unrestricted_submarine_warfare" title="Unrestricted submarine warfare">unrestricted submarine warfare</a> in January 1917, destroyers were called on to escort merchant <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoys</a>. US Navy destroyers were among the first American units to be dispatched upon the American entry to the war, and a squadron of Japanese destroyers even joined Allied patrols in the Mediterranean. Patrol duty was far from safe; of the 67 British destroyers lost in the war, collisions accounted for 18, while 12 were wrecked. </p><p>At the end of the war, the state-of-the-art was represented by the British <a href="/wiki/V_and_W-class_destroyer" title="V and W-class destroyer">W class</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1918–1945"><span id="1918.E2.80.931945"></span>1918–1945</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1918–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyers_of_the_Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of destroyers of the Second World War">List of destroyers of the Second World War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Velox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Velox.jpg/220px-Velox.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Velox.jpg/330px-Velox.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Velox.jpg/440px-Velox.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>V-class destroyer, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Velox_(D34)" title="HMS Velox (D34)">HMS <i>Velox</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The trend during World War I had been towards larger destroyers with heavier armaments. A number of opportunities to fire at capital ships had been missed during the war, because destroyers had expended all their torpedoes in an initial salvo. The British <a href="/wiki/V_and_W-class_destroyer" title="V and W-class destroyer">V and W classes</a> of the late war had sought to address this by mounting six torpedo tubes in two triple mounts, instead of the four or two on earlier models. The V and W classes set the standard of destroyer building well into the 1920s. </p><p>Two Romanian destroyers <a href="/wiki/NMS_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="NMS Mărăști"><i>Mărăști</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/NMS_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="NMS Mărășești"><i>Mărășești</i></a>, though, had the greatest firepower of all destroyers in the world throughout the first half of the 1920s. This was largely because, between their commissioning in 1920 and 1926, they retained the armament that they had while serving in the Italian Navy as <a href="/wiki/Scout_cruiser" title="Scout cruiser">scout cruisers</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Esploratori" class="mw-redirect" title="Esploratori">esploratori</a></i>). When initially ordered by Romania in 1913, the Romanian specifications envisioned three 120 mm guns, a caliber which would eventually be adopted as the standard for future Italian destroyers. Armed with three 152 mm and four 76 mm guns after being completed as scout cruisers, the two warships were officially re-rated as destroyers by the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Navy">Romanian Navy</a>. The two Romanian warships were thus the destroyers with the greatest firepower in the world throughout much of the interwar period. As of 1939, when the Second World War started, their artillery, although changed, was still close to cruiser standards, amounting to nine heavy naval guns (five of 120 mm and four of 76 mm). In addition, they retained their two twin 457 mm torpedo tubes and two machine guns, plus the capacity to carry up to 50 mines.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uranami_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Uranami_II.jpg/220px-Uranami_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Uranami_II.jpg/330px-Uranami_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Uranami_II.jpg/440px-Uranami_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="1470" /></a><figcaption><i>Fubuki</i>-class destroyer, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Uranami_(1928)" title="Japanese destroyer Uranami (1928)"><i>Uranami</i></a></figcaption></figure><p>The next major innovation came with the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Fubuki-class_destroyer" title="Fubuki-class destroyer"><i>Fubuki</i> class</a> or "special type", designed in 1923 and delivered in 1928. The design was initially noted for its powerful armament of six 5-inch (127 mm) guns and three triple torpedo mounts. The second batch of the class gave the guns high-angle turrets for antiaircraft warfare, and the 24-inch (61 cm), oxygen-fueled Long Lance <a href="/wiki/Type_93_torpedo" title="Type 93 torpedo">Type 93 torpedo</a>. The later <a href="/wiki/Hatsuharu-class_destroyer" title="Hatsuharu-class destroyer"><i>Hatsuharu</i> class</a> of 1931 further improved the torpedo armament by storing its reload torpedoes close at hand in the superstructure, allowing reloading within 15 minutes. </p><p>Most other nations replied with similar larger ships. The US <a href="/wiki/Porter-class_destroyer" title="Porter-class destroyer"><i>Porter</i> class</a> adopted twin 5-inch (127 mm) guns, and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Mahan-class_destroyer" title="Mahan-class destroyer"><i>Mahan</i> class</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gridley-class_destroyer" title="Gridley-class destroyer"><i>Gridley</i> classes</a> (the latter of 1934) increased the number of torpedo tubes to 12 and 16, respectively. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fantasque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fantasque.jpg/220px-Fantasque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Fantasque.jpg/330px-Fantasque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Fantasque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="429" data-file-height="296" /></a><figcaption>France's <a href="/wiki/Le_Fantasque-class_destroyer" title="Le Fantasque-class destroyer"><i>Le Fantasque</i> class</a> is the fastest destroyer class ever built.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Mediterranean, the Italian Navy's building of very fast light cruisers of the <a href="/wiki/Condottieri-class_cruiser" title="Condottieri-class cruiser"><i>Condottieri</i> class</a> prompted the French to produce exceptional destroyer designs. The French had long been keen on large destroyers, with their <a href="/wiki/Chacal-class_destroyer" title="Chacal-class destroyer"><i>Chacal</i> class</a> of 1922 displacing over 2,000 tons and carrying 130 mm guns; a further three similar classes were produced around 1930. The <a href="/wiki/Le_Fantasque-class_destroyer" title="Le Fantasque-class destroyer"><i>Le Fantasque</i> class</a> of 1935 carried five 138 millimetres (5.4 in) guns and nine torpedo tubes, but could achieve speeds of 45 knots (83 km/h), which remains the record speed for a steamship and for any destroyer.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italians' own destroyers were almost as swift; most Italian designs of the 1930s were rated at over 38 knots (70 km/h), while carrying torpedoes and either four or six 120 mm guns. </p><p>Germany started to build destroyers again during the 1930s as part of Hitler's rearmament program. The Germans were also fond of large destroyers, but while the initial <a href="/wiki/German_World_War_II_destroyers" title="German World War II destroyers">Type 1934</a> displaced over 3,000 tons, their armament was equal to smaller vessels. This changed from the Type 1936 onwards, which mounted heavy 150 millimetres (5.9 in) guns. German destroyers also used innovative high-pressure steam machinery; while this should have helped their efficiency, it more often resulted in mechanical problems. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_(G16)_(ex._Non_Pareil)_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_(2158_012325).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes, a British built N-class destroyer, laid down on 22 May 1940 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg/220px-Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg/330px-Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg/440px-Torpedobootjager_Hr.Ms.Tjerk_Hiddes_%28G16%29_%28ex._Non_Pareil%29_onder_Nederlandse_vlag_met_Brits_kenteken_G16_%282158_012325%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1655" /></a><figcaption>HNLMS <i><a href="/wiki/HNLMS_Tjerk_Hiddes_(G16)" title="HNLMS Tjerk Hiddes (G16)">Tjerk Hiddes</a></i>, a British built N-class destroyer, laid down on 22 May 1940 and transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy </figcaption></figure> <p>Once German and Japanese rearmament became clear, the British and American navies consciously focused on building destroyers that were smaller, but more numerous than those used by other nations. The British built a series of destroyers (the <a href="/wiki/A-class_destroyer_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="A-class destroyer (1929)">A class</a> to <a href="/wiki/I-class_destroyer" title="I-class destroyer">I class</a>), which were about 1,400 tons standard displacement, and had four 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns and eight torpedo tubes; the American <a href="/wiki/Benson-class_destroyer" title="Benson-class destroyer"><i>Benson</i> class</a> of 1938 was similar in size, but carried five 5-inch (127 mm) guns and ten torpedo tubes. Realizing the need for heavier gun armament, the British built the <a href="/wiki/Tribal-class_destroyer_(1936)" title="Tribal-class destroyer (1936)">Tribal class</a> of 1936 (sometimes called <i>Afridi</i> after one of two lead ships). These ships displaced 1,850 tons and were armed with eight 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns in four twin turrets and four torpedo tubes. These were followed by the <a href="/wiki/J-,_K-_and_N-class_destroyer" title="J-, K- and N-class destroyer">J-class</a> and L-class destroyers, with six 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns in twin turrets and eight torpedo tubes. </p><p>Antisubmarine sensors included <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">sonar</a> (or ASDIC), although training in their use was indifferent. Antisubmarine weapons changed little, and ahead-throwing weapons, a need recognized in World War I, had made no progress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_combat">Later combat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later combat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/American_World_War_II_destroyers" class="mw-redirect" title="American World War II destroyers">American World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_World_War_II_destroyers" title="British World War II destroyers">British World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_World_War_II_destroyers" title="French World War II destroyers">French World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_World_War_II_destroyers" title="German World War II destroyers">German World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_World_War_II_destroyers" title="Italian World War II destroyers">Italian World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_World_War_II_destroyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese World War II destroyers">Japanese World War II destroyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_World_War_II_destroyers" title="Soviet World War II destroyers">Soviet World War II destroyers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_World_War_II_destroyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian World War II destroyers">Romanian World War II destroyers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_McGowan_(DD-678)_at_sea,_circa_in_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg/220px-USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg/330px-USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg/440px-USS_McGowan_%28DD-678%29_at_sea%2C_circa_in_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_McGowan" title="USS McGowan">USS <i>McGowan</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fletcher-class_destroyer" title="Fletcher-class destroyer"><i>Fletcher</i>-class</a> destroyer during World War II</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 1920s and 1930s, destroyers were often deployed to areas of diplomatic tension or humanitarian disaster. British and American destroyers were common on the Chinese coast and rivers, even supplying landing parties to protect colonial interests. By World War II, the threat had evolved once again. Submarines were more effective, and <a href="/wiki/Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a> had become important weapons of naval warfare; once again the early-war fleet destroyers were ill-equipped for combating these new targets. They were fitted with new light <a href="/wiki/Antiaircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiaircraft">antiaircraft</a> guns, <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hedgehog_(weapon)" title="Hedgehog (weapon)">forward-launched ASW</a> weapons, in addition to their existing <a href="/wiki/Dual-purpose_gun" title="Dual-purpose gun">dual-purpose guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depth_charge" title="Depth charge">depth charges</a>, and torpedoes. Increasing size allowed improved internal arrangement of propulsion machinery with <a href="/wiki/Compartmentation" class="mw-redirect" title="Compartmentation">compartmentation</a>, so ships were less likely to be sunk by a single hit.<sup id="cite_ref-ast_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ast-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In most cases torpedo and/or dual-purpose gun armament was reduced to accommodate new <a href="/wiki/Anti-air_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-air warfare">anti-air</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">anti-submarine</a> weapons. By this time the destroyers had become large, multi-purpose vessels, expensive targets in their own right. As a result, casualties on destroyers were among the highest. In the US Navy, particularly in World War II, destroyers became known as <a href="/wiki/Tin_Can_Sailors" title="Tin Can Sailors">tin cans</a> due to their light armor compared to battleships and cruisers. </p><p>The need for large numbers of antisubmarine ships led to the introduction of smaller and cheaper specialized antisubmarine warships called <a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">corvettes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">frigates</a> by the Royal Navy and <a href="/wiki/Destroyer_escort" title="Destroyer escort">destroyer escorts</a> by the USN. A similar programme was belatedly started by the Japanese (see <a href="/wiki/Matsu-class_destroyer" title="Matsu-class destroyer"><i>Matsu</i>-class</a> destroyer). These ships had the size and displacement of the original TBDs from which the contemporary destroyer had evolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-World_War_II">Post-World War II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Post-World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg/220px-ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg/330px-ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg/440px-ORP_B%C5%82yskawica_w_nowym_kamufla%C5%BCu_-_02-01-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2766" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish</a> destroyer <a href="/wiki/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica" title="ORP Błyskawica">ORP <i>Błyskawica</i></a> is preserved as a <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Some conventional destroyers completed in the late 1940s and 1950s were built on wartime experience. These vessels were significantly larger than wartime ships and had fully automatic main guns, unit machinery, radar, sonar, and antisubmarine weapons, such as the <a href="/wiki/Squid_(weapon)" title="Squid (weapon)">squid mortar</a>. Examples include the British <a href="/wiki/Daring-class_destroyer_(1949)" title="Daring-class destroyer (1949)"><i>Daring</i>-class</a>, US <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Sherman-class_destroyer" title="Forrest Sherman-class destroyer"><i>Forrest Sherman</i>-class</a>, and the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Kotlin-class_destroyer" title="Kotlin-class destroyer"><i>Kotlin</i>-class</a> destroyers. </p><p>Some World War II–vintage ships were modernized for antisubmarine warfare, and to extend their service lives, to avoid having to build (expensive) brand-new ships. Examples include the US <a href="/wiki/FRAM_I" class="mw-redirect" title="FRAM I">FRAM I</a> programme and the British <a href="/wiki/Type_15_frigate" title="Type 15 frigate">Type 15 frigates</a> converted from fleet destroyers. </p><p>The advent of <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surface-to-surface_missile" title="Surface-to-surface missile">surface-to-surface missiles</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Exocet" title="Exocet">Exocet</a>, in the early 1960s changed naval warfare. <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile destroyer">Guided missile destroyers</a> (DDG in the US Navy) were developed to carry these weapons and protect the fleet from air, submarine, and surface threats. Examples include the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Kashin-class_destroyer" title="Kashin-class destroyer"><i>Kashin</i> class</a>, the British <a href="/wiki/County-class_destroyer" title="County-class destroyer">County class</a>, and the US <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Adams-class_destroyer" title="Charles F. Adams-class destroyer"><i>Charles F. Adams</i> class</a>. </p><p>The 21st century destroyers tend to display features such as large, slab sides without complicated corners and crevices to keep the <a href="/wiki/Radar_cross-section" class="mw-redirect" title="Radar cross-section">radar cross-section</a> small, <a href="/wiki/Vertical_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertical launch system">vertical launch systems</a> to carry a large number of missiles at high readiness to fire, and <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> flight decks and <a href="/wiki/Hangars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangars">hangars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_by_destroyer_number.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Countries_by_destroyer_number.png/220px-Countries_by_destroyer_number.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Countries_by_destroyer_number.png/330px-Countries_by_destroyer_number.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Countries_by_destroyer_number.png/440px-Countries_by_destroyer_number.png 2x" data-file-width="7752" data-file-height="3498" /></a><figcaption>Countries by destroyer number (countries which operate destroyers in blue, specific colour code shown on image)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Hobart-class_destroyer" title="Hobart-class destroyer"><i>Hobart</i>-class</a> destroyers.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PLANS_Taiyuan_(DDG-131)_20190729.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg/220px-PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg/330px-PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg/440px-PLANS_Taiyuan_%28DDG-131%29_20190729.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1860" data-file-height="606" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">Chinese Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Type_052D_destroyer" title="Type 052D destroyer">Luyang III-class (Type 052D)</a> destroyer</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a> operates seven <a href="/wiki/Type_055_destroyer" title="Type 055 destroyer">Renhai-class</a> destroyers,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two <a href="/wiki/Type_052B_destroyer" title="Type 052B destroyer">Luyang I-class</a> destroyers, six <a href="/wiki/Type_052C_destroyer" title="Type 052C destroyer">Luyang II-class</a> destroyers, 24<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Type_052D_destroyer" title="Type 052D destroyer">Luyang III-class</a> destroyers and two <a href="/wiki/Type_051C_destroyer" title="Type 051C destroyer">Luzhou</a>-class destroyers. China also operates two <a href="/wiki/Type_052_destroyer" title="Type 052 destroyer">Luhu</a>-class destroyers, one <a href="/wiki/Type_051B_destroyer" title="Type 051B destroyer">Luhai</a>-class destroyer and four <a href="/wiki/Sovremenny-class_destroyer" title="Sovremenny-class destroyer"><i>Sovremenny</i></a>-class destroyers that are of older models. It is notable that the Renhai class (Type 055) is considered to be a <a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">cruiser</a> by <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> for its tonnage and capability matching that of the <a href="/wiki/Ticonderoga-class_cruiser" title="Ticonderoga-class cruiser"><i>Ticonderoga</i>-class cruiser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Navy" title="Republic of China Navy">Republic of China Navy</a> (Taiwan) operates four <a href="/wiki/Kidd-class_destroyer" title="Kidd-class destroyer"><i>Kidd</i>-class</a> destroyers, purchased from the United States.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> operates two <a href="/wiki/Horizon-class_frigate" title="Horizon-class frigate">Horizon-class</a> frigates and eight <a href="/wiki/FREMM_Multipurpose_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="FREMM Multipurpose frigate">FREMM Multipurpose frigates</a> of the <i>Aquitaine</i>-class variant. The French Navy does not use the term "destroyer" but rather "first-rate frigate" for these ship types, but they are marked with the NATO "D" hull code which places them in the destroyer type, as opposed to "F" for frigate.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Hellenic Navy</a> has <a href="/wiki/USS_Charrette" title="USS Charrette">HS <i>Velos</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Fletcher-class_destroyer" title="Fletcher-class destroyer"><i>Fletcher</i>-class</a> destroyer, remains ceremonially in commission due to her historical significance.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer"><i>Visakhapatnam</i>-class</a> destroyers, three <a href="/wiki/Kolkata-class_destroyer" title="Kolkata-class destroyer"><i>Kolkata</i>-class</a> destroyers, three <a href="/wiki/Delhi-class_destroyer" title="Delhi-class destroyer"><i>Delhi</i>-class</a> destroyer, and three <a href="/wiki/Rajput-class_destroyer" title="Rajput-class destroyer"><i>Rajput</i>-class</a> destroyers.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a> operates two <a href="/wiki/Durand_de_la_Penne-class_destroyer" title="Durand de la Penne-class destroyer"><i>Durand de la Penne</i>-class</a> destroyers and two <a href="/wiki/Horizon-class_frigate" title="Horizon-class frigate">Orizzonte-class destroyers</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg/220px-JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg/330px-JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg/440px-JS_Izumo%EF%BC%88DDH-183%EF%BC%89seen_from_the_sky_10-03-2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Izumo-class_destroyer" title="Izumo-class destroyer"><i>Izumo</i> class</a>, internationally regarded as <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">helicopter carriers</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> operates two <a href="/wiki/Maya-class_destroyer" title="Maya-class destroyer"><i>Maya</i>-class</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Atago-class_destroyer" title="Atago-class destroyer"><i>Atago</i>-class</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Kong%C5%8D-class_destroyer" title="Kongō-class destroyer"><i>Kongō</i>-class</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Asahi-class_destroyer" title="Asahi-class destroyer"><i>Asahi</i>-class</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Akizuki-class_destroyer_(2010)" title="Akizuki-class destroyer (2010)"><i>Akizuki</i>-class</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Takanami-class_destroyer" title="Takanami-class destroyer"><i>Takanami</i>-class</a>, nine <a href="/wiki/Murasame-class_destroyer_(1994)" title="Murasame-class destroyer (1994)"><i>Murasame</i>-class</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Asagiri-class_destroyer" title="Asagiri-class destroyer"><i>Asagiri</i>-class</a>, and two <a href="/wiki/Hatakaze-class_destroyer" title="Hatakaze-class destroyer"><i>Hatakaze</i>-class</a> destroyers, along with six <a href="/wiki/Abukuma-class_destroyer_escort" title="Abukuma-class destroyer escort"><i>Abukuma</i>-class</a> destroyer escorts. Japan also operates two <a href="/wiki/Izumo-class_multi-purpose_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Izumo-class multi-purpose destroyer"><i>Izumo</i>-class</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%ABga-class_helicopter_destroyer" title="Hyūga-class helicopter destroyer"><i>Hyūga</i>-class</a> helicopter destroyers, internationally regarded as <a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">helicopter carriers</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Republic of Korea Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Sejong_the_Great-class_destroyer" title="Sejong the Great-class destroyer"><i>Sejong the Great</i>-class</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Chungmugong_Yi_Sun-shin-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin-class destroyer"><i>Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin</i>-class</a> and three <a href="/wiki/Gwanggaeto_the_Great-class_destroyer" title="Gwanggaeto the Great-class destroyer"><i>Gwanggaeto the Great</i>-class</a> destroyers.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish Navy</a> has the <a href="/wiki/Grom-class_destroyer" title="Grom-class destroyer"><i>Grom</i>-class</a> destroyer <a href="/wiki/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica" title="ORP Błyskawica">ORP <i>Błyskawica</i></a> which remains ceremonially in commission due to her historical significance.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Russian_Navy_Udaloy-class_destroyer_RFS_Admiral_Panteleyev_arrives_at_Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor-Hickam_to_participate_in_the_Rim_of_the_Pacific_exercise_2012._(7487834270).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Russian_Navy_Udaloy-class_destroyer_RFS_Admiral_Panteleyev_arrives_at_Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor-Hickam_to_participate_in_the_Rim_of_the_Pacific_exercise_2012._%287487834270%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Russian_Navy_Udaloy-class_destroyer_RFS_Admiral_Panteleyev_arrives_at_Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor-Hickam_to_participate_in_the_Rim_of_the_Pacific_exercise_2012._%287487834270%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/The_Russian_Navy_Udaloy-class_destroyer_RFS_Admiral_Panteleyev_arrives_at_Joint_Base_Pearl_Harbor-Hickam_to_participate_in_the_Rim_of_the_Pacific_exercise_2012._%287487834270%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_destroyer_Admiral_Panteleyev" title="Russian destroyer Admiral Panteleyev"><i>Admiral Panteleyev</i></a>, an <a href="/wiki/Udaloy-class_destroyer" title="Udaloy-class destroyer"><i>Udaloy</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile destroyer">guided missile destroyer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> The Russian Navy operates two <a href="/wiki/Sovremenny-class_destroyer" title="Sovremenny-class destroyer"><i>Sovremenny</i>-class</a> and eight <a href="/wiki/Udaloy-class_destroyer" title="Udaloy-class destroyer"><i>Udaloy</i>-class</a> destroyers.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Navy" title="Royal Thai Navy">Royal Thai Navy</a> operates a single <a href="/wiki/Cannon-class_destroyer_escort" title="Cannon-class destroyer escort"><i>Cannon</i>-class</a> destroyer escort purchased from the United States for training use.</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> operates six <a href="/wiki/Type_45_destroyer" title="Type 45 destroyer">Type 45</a> or <i>Daring</i>-class destroyers.</li></ul> <ul><li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png/220px-USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png/330px-USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png/440px-USS-WINSTON-CHURCHILL-DDG-81.png 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Winston_S._Churchill" title="USS Winston S. Churchill">USS <i>Winston S. Churchill</i></a>, an <a href="/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyer" title="Arleigh Burke-class destroyer"><i>Arleigh Burke</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile destroyer">guided missile destroyer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a></figcaption></figure><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> operates 73 active <a href="/wiki/Arleigh_Burke-class_destroyer" title="Arleigh Burke-class destroyer"><i>Arleigh Burke</i>-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile">guided missile</a> destroyers (DDGs) of a planned class of 92, and also has two active <a href="/wiki/Zumwalt-class_destroyer" title="Zumwalt-class destroyer"><i>Zumwalt</i>-class</a> destroyer of a planned class of three, all as of December 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships_of_equivalent_to_frigates">Ships of equivalent to frigates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Ships of equivalent to frigates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Navy" title="Argentine Navy">Argentine Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Almirante_Brown-class_destroyer" title="Almirante Brown-class destroyer"><i>Almirante Brown</i>-class</a> destroyers. This class's hull is <a href="/wiki/MEKO_360" title="MEKO 360">MEKO 360H2</a> frigate.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Islamic Republic of Iran Navy</a> operates five <a href="/wiki/Moudge-class_frigate" title="Moudge-class frigate"><i>Moudge</i>-class</a> frigates. These ships are classified as destroyers by Iran, but internationally regarded as light frigates.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ships_of_note_classed_as_frigates">Ships of note classed as frigates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ships of note classed as frigates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Egyptian_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Navy" title="Egyptian Navy">Egyptian Navy</a> operates the <a href="/wiki/ENS_Tahya_Misr" title="ENS Tahya Misr">ENS <i>Tahya Misr</i></a>. This is one of the <i>Aquitaine</i>-class variants of the FREMM Multipurpose frigates purchased from France, which is classified as a destroyer by France.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a> operates three <a href="/wiki/Sachsen-class_frigate" title="Sachsen-class frigate"><i>Sachsen</i>-class</a> frigates and four <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg-class_frigate" title="Baden-Württemberg-class frigate"><i>Baden-Württemberg</i>-class</a> frigates. These ships are officially classified as frigates by Germany, but regarded as destroyers internationally due to size and capability.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Royal_Moroccan_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Navy" title="Royal Moroccan Navy">Royal Moroccan Navy</a> operates the <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_frigate_Mohammed_VI" title="Moroccan frigate Mohammed VI"><i>Mohammed VI</i></a>. This is one of the <i>Aquitaine</i>-class variants of the FREMM Multipurpose frigates purchased from France, which is classified as a destroyer by France.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy" title="Royal Netherlands Navy">Royal Netherlands Navy</a> operates four <a href="/wiki/De_Zeven_Provinci%C3%ABn-class_frigate" title="De Zeven Provinciën-class frigate"><i>De Zeven Provinciën</i>-class</a> frigates. These ships are classified as frigates by the Netherlands, but regarded as destroyers internationally due to size and capability.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg/20px-Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg/30px-Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg/40px-Naval_Jack_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Norwegian_Navy" title="Royal Norwegian Navy">Royal Norwegian Navy</a> operates four <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen-class_frigate" title="Fridtjof Nansen-class frigate"><i>Fridtjof Nansen</i>-class</a> frigates. These ships are subclasses of Spain's <i>Alvaro de Bazan</i>-class, and classified as frigates, but are regarded as destroyers due to their size and armament.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Naval_Forces" title="Romanian Naval Forces">Romanian Naval Forces</a> operates <a href="/wiki/Romanian_frigate_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Romanian frigate Mărășești"><i>Mărășești</i></a>. This ship was classified as a destroyer from 1990 to 2001, when she was reclassified as a frigate. No official reason was given for this and there was no change in armament or capability, thus remaining in the destroyer type.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/46px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> operates five <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n-class_frigate" title="Álvaro de Bazán-class frigate"><i>Álvaro de Bazán</i>-class</a> frigates. These ships are officially classified as a frigates by Spain, but due to their size and capabilities are regarded internationally as destroyers. They also served as the basis for Australia's <i>Hobart</i>-class destroyers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_operators">Former operators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Former operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg/23px-Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg/35px-Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg/46px-Austria-Hungary-flag-1869-1914-naval-1786-1869-merchant.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Navy" title="Austro-Hungarian Navy">Austro-Hungarian Navy</a> lost its entire navy upon the Empire's collapse following World War I.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Ukraine_%28January%E2%80%93July_1918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic">Navy of the Ukrainian People's Republic</a> lost its entire navy upon its <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">conquest</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> in 1921.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Navy" title="Estonian Navy">Estonian Navy</a> sold its two <a href="/wiki/Orfey-class_destroyer" title="Orfey-class destroyer"><i>Orfey</i>-class</a> destroyer and <a href="/wiki/Izyaslav-class_destroyer" title="Izyaslav-class destroyer"><i>Izyaslav</i>-class</a> destroyers to Peru in 1933, to prevent their capture by the Soviet Union.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Manchukuo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Navy" title="Manchukuo Imperial Navy">Manchukuo Imperial Navy</a> transferred its only <a href="/wiki/Momo-class_destroyer" title="Momo-class destroyer"><i>Momo</i>-class</a> destroyer back to Japan in 1942.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Navy" title="Bulgarian Navy">Bulgarian Navy</a> decommissioned its only <a href="/wiki/Ognevoy-class_destroyer" title="Ognevoy-class destroyer"><i>Ognevoy</i>-class</a> destroyer in 1963.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Danish_Navy" title="Royal Danish Navy">Royal Danish Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Hunt-class_destroyer" title="Hunt-class destroyer">Hunt-class</a> destroyer in 1965.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Navy" title="Portuguese Navy">Portuguese Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Douro-class_destroyer" title="Douro-class destroyer"><i>Douro</i>-class</a> destroyer in 1967.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/W_and_Z-class_destroyer" title="W and Z-class destroyer">Z-class destroyer</a> in 1972.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="625" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Navy" title="Dominican Navy">Dominican Navy</a> decommissioned its <a href="/wiki/G_and_H-class_destroyer" title="G and H-class destroyer">H-class destroyer</a> in 1972.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_South_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam_Navy" title="Republic of Vietnam Navy">Republic of Vietnam Navy</a> transferred its remaining <a href="/wiki/Edsall-class_destroyer_escort" title="Edsall-class destroyer escort"><i>Edsall</i>-class</a> destroyer escort to The Philippines in 1975 following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a>.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_African_Navy" title="South African Navy">South African Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/W_and_Z-class_destroyer" title="W and Z-class destroyer">W-class destroyer</a> in 1976.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Yugoslavia_%281949%E2%80%931993%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Navy" title="Yugoslav Navy">Yugoslav Navy</a> decommissioned its only destroyer, <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_destroyer_Split" title="Yugoslav destroyer Split"><i>Split</i></a> in 1980.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Navy" title="Swedish Navy">Swedish Navy</a> decommissioned both its <a href="/wiki/Halland-class_destroyer" title="Halland-class destroyer"><i>Halland</i>-class</a> destroyer and four <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterg%C3%B6tland-class_destroyer" title="Östergötland-class destroyer"><i>Östergötland</i>-class</a> destroyers in 1982 following defense reviews.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombian_National_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Colombian National Navy">Colombian National Navy</a> decommissioned both its <a href="/wiki/Halland-class_destroyer" title="Halland-class destroyer"><i>Halland</i>-class</a> destroyers and its lone <a href="/wiki/Allen_M._Sumner-class_destroyer" title="Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer"><i>Allen M. Sumner</i>-class</a> destroyer in 1986.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/46px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/National_Navy_of_Uruguay" title="National Navy of Uruguay">National Navy of Uruguay</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Cannon-class_destroyer_escort" title="Cannon-class destroyer escort"><i>Cannon</i>-class</a> destroyer escort in 1991.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Armed_Forces" title="Tunisian Armed Forces">Tunisian National Navy</a> lone <a href="/wiki/Edsall-class_destroyer_escort" title="Edsall-class destroyer escort"><i>Edsall</i>-class</a> destroyer escort was destroyed by a fire in 1992.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Flag_of_Ecuador.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ecuador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="960" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_Navy" title="Ecuadorian Navy">Ecuadorian Navy</a> decommissioned its lone <a href="/wiki/Dealey-class_destroyer_escort" title="Dealey-class destroyer escort"><i>Dealey</i>-class</a> destroyer escort in 1994.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg/23px-Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg/35px-Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg/46px-Vietnam_People%27s_Navy_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Vietnam People's Navy</a> decommissioned its lone <a href="/wiki/Edsall-class_destroyer_escort" title="Edsall-class destroyer escort"><i>Edsall</i>-class</a> destroyer escort in 1997.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Turkish Naval Forces</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Gearing-class_destroyer" title="Gearing-class destroyer"><i>Gearing</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2000.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish Navy</a> decommissioned its lone <a href="/wiki/Kashin-class_destroyer" title="Kashin-class destroyer">Kashin-class</a> destroyer in 2003.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Hellenic Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Adams-class_destroyer" title="Charles F. Adams-class destroyer"><i>Charles F. Adams</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2004.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Claud_Jones-class_destroyer_escort" title="Claud Jones-class destroyer escort"><i>Claud Jones</i>-class</a> destroyer escorts in 2005.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/46px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/County-class_destroyer" title="County-class destroyer">County-class</a> destroyer in 2006.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Peru_%28state%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Navy" title="Peruvian Navy">Peruvian Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Daring-class_destroyer_(1949)" title="Daring-class destroyer (1949)"><i>Daring</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2007.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Garcia-class_frigate" title="Garcia-class frigate"><i>Garcia</i>-class destroyer escort</a> in 2008.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="637" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Navy_of_Venezuela" title="Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela">Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Almirante_Clemente-class_destroyer" title="Almirante Clemente-class destroyer"><i>Almirante Clemente</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2011.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Navy" title="Mexican Navy">Mexican Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Edsall-class_destroyer_escort" title="Edsall-class destroyer escort"><i>Edsall</i>-class</a> destroyer escort in 2015.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Iroquois-class_destroyer" title="Iroquois-class destroyer"><i>Iroquois</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2017.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Navy" title="Philippine Navy">Philippine Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Cannon-class_destroyer_escort" title="Cannon-class destroyer escort"><i>Cannon</i>-class</a> destroyer escort in 2018.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg/46px-Naval_Standard_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Pakistan Navy</a> decommissioned its last <a href="/wiki/Tariq-class_destroyer" title="Tariq-class destroyer"><i>Tariq</i>-class</a> destroyer in 2023.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Future_development">Future development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Future development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-BADEN-WURTTEMBERG_00257_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="2890" /></a><figcaption><i>Baden-Württemberg</i>, an <a href="/wiki/F125-class_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="F125-class frigate">F125-class frigate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>; currently the biggest frigates worldwide. In size and role they are qualified as destroyers</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/35px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/46px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Navy" title="Brazilian Navy">Brazilian Navy</a> plans to build 7,000-ton destroyers after the delivery of the new frigates, and TKMS presented to the Navy its most modern 7,200-ton MEKO A-400 air defense destroyer, an updated version of the German <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg-class_frigate" title="Baden-Württemberg-class frigate">F-125</a>-class frigates. The similarities between the projects and the high rate of commonality between requirements were also crucial for the consortium's victory.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy" title="Royal Canadian Navy">Royal Canadian Navy</a> is building up to 15 <a href="/wiki/River-class_destroyer_(2030s)" title="River-class destroyer (2030s)">River-class</a> destroyers based on the Royal Navy's <a href="/wiki/Type_26_frigate" title="Type 26 frigate">Type 26 frigate</a>. They will be more powerful than the Type 26, being fitted with the <a href="/wiki/Aegis_Combat_System" title="Aegis Combat System">Aegis Combat System</a> and long range surface-to-air and surface-to-surface missiles.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a> is adding six more <a href="/wiki/Type_052D_destroyer" title="Type 052D destroyer">Type 052D destroyer</a> and sixteen more <a href="/wiki/Type_055_destroyer" title="Type 055 destroyer">Type 055 destroyer</a> class ships to its navy.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/23px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/35px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ensign_of_France.svg/46px-Ensign_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> is building five new <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9gate_de_d%C3%A9fense_et_d%27intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Frégate de défense et d'intervention"><i>Amiral Ronarc'h</i>-class destroyers</a> (classed as "first rank frigates" in the French Navy).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Navy" title="German Navy">German Navy</a>: Six multi-mission <a href="/wiki/F126_frigate" title="F126 frigate">F126 frigates</a> which will have destroyer-size and corresponding capabilities (Length: 163 m, displacement: 10,550 tons)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/46px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Navy" title="Hellenic Navy">Hellenic Navy</a> has ordered three <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9gate_de_d%C3%A9fense_et_d%27intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Frégate de défense et d'intervention">Frégate de défense et d'intervention</a> (with an option on a fourth) from France.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian Navy</a> is building four <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam-class_destroyer" title="Visakhapatnam-class destroyer"><i>Visakhapatnam</i>-class</a> destroyers, of which three have been commissioned. The nation has also begun development of its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Next_Generation_Destroyer_(NGD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Next Generation Destroyer (NGD) (page does not exist)">Next Generation Destroyer (NGD)</a>, also referred to as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project 18 (page does not exist)"><i>Project 18</i>-class destroyers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Navy">Islamic Republic of Iran Navy</a> is currently building 1-2 <a href="/wiki/Khalije_Fars-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalije Fars-class destroyer"><i>Khalije Fars</i>-class</a> destroyers.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italian_Navy" title="Italian Navy">Italian Navy</a> is currently researching development into their new DDX project to replace their <i>Durand da le Penne</i>-class destroyers.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</a> Is developing plans for its <a href="/wiki/DDR_Destroyer_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="DDR Destroyer Revolution">DDR Destroyer Revolution</a> Project.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_Korea_Navy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Navy" title="Republic of Korea Navy">Republic of Korea Navy</a> has begun development of its <a href="/wiki/KDX-IIA" title="KDX-IIA">KDX-IIA</a> destroyers. These ships are to be a subclass of South Korea's <a href="/wiki/Chungmugong_Yi_Sun-shin-class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin-class destroyer"><i>Chungmugong Yi Sun-shin</i>-class</a> destroyers. The first unit is expected to enter service in 2019. Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Sejong_the_Great-class_destroyer" title="Sejong the Great-class destroyer"><i>Sejong the Great</i>-class</a> destroyers are being built.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/23px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/35px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg/46px-Naval_ensign_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russian_Navy" title="Russian Navy">Russian Navy</a> has begun development of its <a href="/wiki/Lider-class_destroyer" title="Lider-class destroyer">Lider-class</a> destroyer. Design work was ongoing as of 2020.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/46px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Naval_Forces" title="Turkish Naval Forces">Turkish Naval Forces</a> is currently developing its <a href="/wiki/TF2000-class_frigate" class="mw-redirect" title="TF2000-class frigate">TF2000-class destroyer</a> as the largest part of the <a href="/wiki/MILGEM_project" title="MILGEM project">MILGEM project</a>. A total of seven ships will be constructed and will specialise in <a href="/wiki/Anti-air_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-air warfare">anti-air warfare</a>.</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> is in the early stages of developing a <a href="/wiki/Type_83_destroyer" title="Type 83 destroyer">Type 83 destroyer</a> design after the unveiling of these plans in the <a href="/wiki/Defence_in_a_Competitive_Age" title="Defence in a Competitive Age">2021 defence white paper</a>. The class is projected to replace the current <a href="/wiki/Type_45_destroyer" title="Type 45 destroyer">Type 45 destroyer</a> fleet beginning in the latter 2030s.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, currently has 19 additional <i>Arleigh Burke</i> destroyers planned or under construction. The new ships will be the upgraded "flight III" version.<sup id="cite_ref-CRS_summary_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS_summary-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States has also started development of its <a href="/wiki/DDG(X)" title="DDG(X)">DDG(X)</a> next-generation destroyer project.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the first ship is expected to start in 2028.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destroyers_in_Preservation">Destroyers in Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Destroyers in Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many historic destroyers are preserved as museum ships </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_The_Sullivans_(DD-537)" title="USS The Sullivans (DD-537)">USS <i>The Sullivans</i> (DD-537)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Kidd_(DD-661)" title="USS Kidd (DD-661)">USS <i>Kidd</i> (DD-661)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana" title="Baton Rouge, Louisiana">Baton Rouge, Louisiana</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Cassin_Young" title="USS Cassin Young">USS <i>Cassin Young</i> (DD-793)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Laffey_(DD-724)" title="USS Laffey (DD-724)">USS <i>Laffey</i> (DD-724)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Edson" title="USS Edson">USS <i>Edson</i> (DD-946)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City, Michigan</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Turner_Joy" title="USS Turner Joy">USS <i>Turner Joy</i> (DD-951)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bremerton,_Washington" title="Bremerton, Washington">Bremerton, Washington</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Slater" title="USS Slater">USS <i>Slater</i> (DE-766)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Stewart_(DE-238)" title="USS Stewart (DE-238)">USS <i>Stewart</i> (DE-238)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galveston,_Texas" title="Galveston, Texas">Galveston, Texas</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Cavalier_(R73)" title="HMS Cavalier (R73)">HMS <i>Cavalier</i> (R73)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chatham,_Kent" title="Chatham, Kent">Chatham, Kent</a>, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Haida" title="HMCS Haida">HMCS <i>Hadia</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>, Canada</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMAS_Vampire_(D11)" title="HMAS Vampire (D11)">HMAS <i>Vampire</i> (D11)</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney, New South Wales">Sydney, New South Wales</a>, Australia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Maill%C3%A9-Br%C3%A9z%C3%A9_(D627)" title="French destroyer Maillé-Brézé (D627)">FS <i>Maillé-Brézé</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a>, France</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_destroyer_M%C3%B6lders" title="German destroyer Mölders">FGS <i>Mölders</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORP_B%C5%82yskawica" title="ORP Błyskawica">ORP <i>Błyskawica</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a>, Poland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSwMS_Sm%C3%A5land_(J19)" title="HSwMS Småland (J19)">HSwMS <i>Småland </i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4sterg%C3%B6tland" title="Västergötland">Västergötland</a>, Sweden</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Charrette" title="USS Charrette">HS <i>Velos</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Macedonia" title="Central Macedonia">Central Macedonia</a>, Greece</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Eversole_(DD-789)" title="USS Eversole (DD-789)">TCG <i>Gayret</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Izmit" class="mw-redirect" title="Izmit">Izmit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kocaeli_Province" title="Kocaeli Province">Kocaeli Province</a>, Turkey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_destroyer_Bespokoyny_(1990)" title="Russian destroyer Bespokoyny (1990)">RFS <i>Bespokoyny</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Kronshtadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kronshtadt">Kronshtadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_destroyer_Smetlivy" title="Russian destroyer Smetlivy">RFS <i>Smetlivy</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Rogers_(DD-876)" title="USS Rogers (DD-876)">ROKS <i>Jeong Ju</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Dangjin" title="Dangjin">Dangjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province" title="South Chungcheong Province">South Chungcheong Province</a>, South Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Sarsfield" title="USS Sarsfield">ROCS <i>Te Yang</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Tainan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Tainan City">Tainan City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tainan_County" title="Tainan County">Tainan County</a>, Taiwan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_destroyer_Rekordny_(1939)" title="Soviet destroyer Rekordny (1939)">CNS <i>Anshan</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_destroyer_Reshitelny_(1940)" title="Soviet destroyer Reshitelny (1940)">CNS <i>Changchun</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan, Shandong</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_destroyer_Retivy_(1939)" title="Soviet destroyer Retivy (1939)">CNS <i>Taiyuan</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Chongqing" title="Chinese destroyer Chongqing">CNS <i>Chongqing</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Dalian_(110)" title="Chinese destroyer Dalian (110)">CNS <i>Dalian</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Liugong_Island" title="Liugong Island">Liugong Island</a>, Shandong, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Jinan_(105)" title="Chinese destroyer Jinan (105)">CNS <i>Jinan</i></a> in Qingdao, Shandong, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Nanchang_(163)" title="Chinese destroyer Nanchang (163)">CNS <i>Nanchang</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Nanjing_(131)" title="Chinese destroyer Nanjing (131)">CNS <i>Nanjing</i></a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shipu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shipu (page does not exist)">Shipu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xiangshan_County,_Zhejiang" title="Xiangshan County, Zhejiang">Xiangshan County, Zhejiang</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Nanning_(1976)" title="Chinese destroyer Nanning (1976)">CNS <i>Nanning</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Xi%27an_(106)" title="Chinese destroyer Xi'an (106)">CNS <i>Xi'an</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Xining_(108)" title="Chinese destroyer Xining (108)">CNS <i>Xining</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou, Jiangsu</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Yinchuan_(107)" title="Chinese destroyer Yinchuan (107)">CNS <i>Yinchuan</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_destroyer_Zhuhai_(1990)" title="Chinese destroyer Zhuhai (1990)">CNS <i>Zhuhai</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_McAnn" title="USS McAnn">BNS <i>Comandante Bauru</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, Brazil</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARA_Sant%C3%ADsima_Trinidad_(D-2)" title="ARA Santísima Trinidad (D-2)">ARA <i>Santísima Trinidad</i></a> being restored at <a href="/wiki/Port_Belgrano_Naval_Base" title="Port Belgrano Naval Base">Port Belgrano Naval Base</a>, Argentina</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyer_classes" title="List of destroyer classes">List of destroyer classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_1975_ship_reclassification" title="United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification">United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Cherbourg" title="Bombardment of Cherbourg">Bombardment of Cherbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_destroyers_of_the_Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of destroyers of the Second World War">List of destroyers of the Second World War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Although the Russian <a href="/wiki/Kirov-class_battlecruiser" title="Kirov-class battlecruiser"><i>Kirov</i> class</a> are sometimes classified as battlecruisers due to their displacement, they are described by Russia as large missile cruisers.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bernie2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bernie2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernie2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernie2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bernie2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fitzsimmons, Bernard: <i>The Illustrated encyclopedia of 20th century weapons and warfare.</i> Columbia House, 1978, v. 8, page 835</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-smith_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, Charles Edgar: <i>A short history of naval and marine engineering.</i> Babcock & Wilcox, ltd. at the University Press, 1937, page 263</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gove p. 2412</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyon pp. 8, 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301123441/http://www.armybase.us/2010/04/northrop-grumman-christened-its-28th-aegis-guided-missile-destroyer-william-p-lawrence-ddg-110/">Northrop Grumman christened its 28th Aegis guided missile destroyer, William P. Lawrence (DDG 110)</a> April 19, 2010. Retrieved August 29, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF">"Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of the Secretary of Defense. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170828190843/https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2017-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+to+Congress%3A+Military+and+Security+Developments+Involving+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+2017&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Secretary+of+Defense&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2FPortals%2F1%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2F2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ast-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ast_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ast_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ast_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ast_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToby1985" class="citation journal cs1">Toby, A. Steven (1985). "The "Can-Do" Tin Can". <i>Proceedings</i>. <b>111</b> (10). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Institute" title="United States Naval Institute">United States Naval Institute</a>: 108–113.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings&rft.atitle=The+%22Can-Do%22+Tin+Can&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=108-113&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Toby&rft.aufirst=A.+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyon p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk/torpedo_boats.htm">"Torpedo Boats"</a>. Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torpedo+Boats&rft.pub=Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.battleships-cruisers.co.uk%2Ftorpedo_boats.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jentschura p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans_and_Peattie1997" class="citation book cs1">Evans and Peattie, David C. and Mark R. (1997). <i><span></span></i>Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941<i><span></span></i>. Annapolis, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-192-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-192-8"><bdi>978-0-87021-192-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kaigun%3A+Strategy%2C+Tactics%2C+and+Technology+in+the+Imperial+Japanese+Navy%2C+1887%E2%80%931941&rft.place=Annapolis%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87021-192-8&rft.aulast=Evans+and+Peattie&rft.aufirst=David+C.+and+Mark+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowe1996" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Christopher (1996). <i><span></span></i>The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War<i><span></span></i>. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-35485-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-35485-9"><bdi>978-0-226-35485-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Japanese+Trade+Supremacy%3A+Development+and+Technology+in+Asia+from+1540+to+the+Pacific+War&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-35485-9&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHildebrandRöhrSteinmetz1993" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). <i>Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien: ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart (Band 4)</i> [<i>The German Warships: Biographies: A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present (Vol. 4)</i>] (in German). Ratingen: Mundus Verlag. pp. 17–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7822-0382-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7822-0382-1"><bdi>978-3-7822-0382-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Deutschen+Kriegsschiffe%3A+Biographien%3A+ein+Spiegel+der+Marinegeschichte+von+1815+bis+zur+Gegenwart+%28Band+4%29&rft.place=Ratingen&rft.pages=17-18&rft.pub=Mundus+Verlag&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-3-7822-0382-1&rft.aulast=Hildebrand&rft.aufirst=Hans+H.&rft.au=R%C3%B6hr%2C+Albert&rft.au=Steinmetz%2C+Hans-Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-L&W-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-L&W_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-L&W_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon_&_Winfield" class="citation book cs1">Lyon & Winfield. "10". <i>The Sail and Steam Navy List</i>. pp. 82–3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=10&rft.btitle=The+Sail+and+Steam+Navy+List&rft.pages=82-3&rft.au=Lyon+%26+Winfield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spanamwar.com/Vilamil.htm">"Capitan de Navio Fernando Villaamil, 1898"</a>. <i>www.spanamwar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spanamwar.com&rft.atitle=Capitan+de+Navio+Fernando+Villaamil%2C+1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spanamwar.com%2FVilamil.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Under the influence of Fernando Villamil (1845–1898), Spain in 1886 produced the first torpedo boat destroyer." Kern, Robert & Dodge, Meredith: <i>Historical dictionary of modern Spain, 1700–1988.</i> Greenwood Press, 1990, page 361. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-25971-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-25971-2">0-313-25971-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolmarCavas2009" class="citation book cs1">Polmar, Norman; Cavas, Christopher (2009). <i>Navy's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Admirable Admirals, Sleek Submarines, and Other Naval Oddities</i>. Potomac Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1597976558" title="Special:BookSources/978-1597976558"><bdi>978-1597976558</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Navy%27s+Most+Wanted%E2%84%A2%3A+The+Top+10+Book+of+Admirable+Admirals%2C+Sleek+Submarines%2C+and+Other+Naval+Oddities&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Potomac+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1597976558&rft.aulast=Polmar&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.au=Cavas%2C+Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCornwell1979" class="citation book cs1">Cornwell, Edward Lewis (1979). <i>The illustrated history of ships</i>. Crescent Books. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0517287951" title="Special:BookSources/0517287951"><bdi>0517287951</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+illustrated+history+of+ships&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Crescent+Books&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0517287951&rft.aulast=Cornwell&rft.aufirst=Edward+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dest-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dest_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dest_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dest_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100226031523/http://sites.google.com/site/rlmbuquesdeguerra/contratorpedero-destructor#prof">"Google Sites: Sign-in"</a>. <i>accounts.google.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://accounts.google.com/v3/signin/identifier?dsh=S-200562420%3A1671362468167974&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fsites%2Fsystem%2Ferrors%2FWebspaceNotFound%3Fpath%3D%2Frlmbuquesdeguerra%2Fcontratorpedero-destructor&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fsite%2Fsites%2Fsystem%2Ferrors%2FWebspaceNotFound%3Fpath%3D%2Frlmbuquesdeguerra%2Fcontratorpedero-destructor&passive=1209600&service=jotspot&flowName=WebLiteSignIn&flowEntry=ServiceLogin&ifkv=AeAAQh4ygN8Myw04e4GrFy_UtXYT1uUliIutQB9C-gLkpfx-kFM_8r6fQa48u2dDzkqfuZMdxSVh">the original</a> on 26 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=accounts.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Sites%3A+Sign-in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faccounts.google.com%2Fv3%2Fsignin%2Fidentifier%3Fdsh%3DS-200562420%253A1671362468167974%26continue%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsites.google.com%252Fsite%252Fsites%252Fsystem%252Ferrors%252FWebspaceNotFound%253Fpath%253D%252Frlmbuquesdeguerra%252Fcontratorpedero-destructor%26followup%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fsites.google.com%252Fsite%252Fsites%252Fsystem%252Ferrors%252FWebspaceNotFound%253Fpath%253D%252Frlmbuquesdeguerra%252Fcontratorpedero-destructor%26passive%3D1209600%26service%3Djotspot%26flowName%3DWebLiteSignIn%26flowEntry%3DServiceLogin%26ifkv%3DAeAAQh4ygN8Myw04e4GrFy_UtXYT1uUliIutQB9C-gLkpfx-kFM_8r6fQa48u2dDzkqfuZMdxSVh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Illustrated Naval and Military Magazine: A monthly journal devoted to all subjects connected with Her Majesty's land and sea forces, 1888, v 9, page 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226160934/http://www.quarterdeck.org/100th/DDs.htm#prof">"The Destructor -100 Years"</a>. <i>www.quarterdeck.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quarterdeck.org/100th/DDs.htm#prof">the original</a> on 2021-02-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.quarterdeck.org&rft.atitle=The+Destructor+-100+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quarterdeck.org%2F100th%2FDDs.htm%23prof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaptain_T.D._Manning1961" class="citation book cs1">Captain T.D. Manning (1961). <i>The British Destroyer</i>. Putnam and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+Destroyer&rft.pub=Putnam+and+Co&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Captain+T.D.+Manning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon1996" class="citation book cs1">Lyon, David (1996). <i>The First Destroyers</i>. Caxton Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84067-364-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84067-364-7"><bdi>978-1-84067-364-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Destroyers&rft.pub=Caxton+Editions&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-84067-364-7&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simpson p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon.1904" class="citation journal cs1">Anon. (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/scientific-american-1904-07-09/scientific-american-v91-n02-1904-07-09#page/n0/mode/2up">"The British Admiralty ..."</a> <i>Scientific American</i>. <b>91</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8733">0036-8733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+British+Admiralty+...&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1904&rft.issn=0036-8733&rft.au=Anon.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fscientific-american-1904-07-09%2Fscientific-american-v91-n02-1904-07-09%23page%2Fn0%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDahl2001" class="citation journal cs1">Dahl, E.J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a524799.pdf">"Naval innovation: From coal to oil"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Joint Force Quarterly</i> (Winter 2000–01): 50–6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022194856/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a524799.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 22 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Joint+Force+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Naval+innovation%3A+From+coal+to+oil&rft.issue=Winter+2000%E2%80%9301&rft.pages=50-6&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Dahl&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa524799.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyon p. 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brett, Bernard: "History of World Sea Power", Deans International (London) 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-603-03723-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-603-03723-2">0-603-03723-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant p. 136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant, image, frontispiece</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyon p. 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jentschura p. 132 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grant-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grant_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant p. 102, 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Simpson p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grant p. 33, 34, 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Königin Luise</i> was abandoned and scuttled by her crew, but the British patrol later passed through the area she had mined and a cruiser was damaged and abandoned.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemp1997" class="citation book cs1">Kemp, Paul (1997). <i>U-boats Destroyed: German Submarine Losses in the World Wars</i>. Naval Institute Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781557508591" title="Special:BookSources/9781557508591"><bdi>9781557508591</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U-boats+Destroyed%3A+German+Submarine+Losses+in+the+World+Wars&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781557508591&rft.aulast=Kemp&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brassey's Annual: The Armed Forces Year-book</i>, Praeger Publishers, 1939, p. 276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordanMoulin2015" class="citation book cs1">Jordan, John & Moulin, Jean (2015). <i>French Destroyers: Torpilleurs d'Escadre & Contre-Torpilleurs 1922–1956</i>. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-198-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84832-198-4"><bdi>978-1-84832-198-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Destroyers%3A+Torpilleurs+d%27Escadre+%26+Contre-Torpilleurs+1922%E2%80%931956&rft.place=Barnsley%2C+UK&rft.pub=Seaforth+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84832-198-4&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Moulin%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2020" class="citation web cs1">Johnson, Jesse (2020-01-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/12/asia-pacific/china-navy-commissions-biggest-most-powerful-warship/">"China's navy commissions biggest and 'most powerful' surface warship"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=China%27s+navy+commissions+biggest+and+%27most+powerful%27+surface+warship&rft.date=2020-01-12&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2020%2F01%2F12%2Fasia-pacific%2Fchina-navy-commissions-biggest-most-powerful-warship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defenseworld.net/news/31547/China_Commissions_Two_New_Type_052D_Destroyers#.YjRNxnpBy3A">"China Commissions Two New Type 052D Destroyers"</a>. <i>www.defenseworld.net</i>. 10 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defenseworld.net&rft.atitle=China+Commissions+Two+New+Type+052D+Destroyers&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseworld.net%2Fnews%2F31547%2FChina_Commissions_Two_New_Type_052D_Destroyers%23.YjRNxnpBy3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF">"Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>dod.defense.gov</i>. 15 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824200942/https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-08-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dod.defense.gov&rft.atitle=Military+and+Security+Developments+Involving+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China+2017&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdod.defense.gov%2FPortals%2F1%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2F2017_China_Military_Power_Report.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seaforces.org/marint/French-Navy/ships.htm">"French Navy - Marine Nationale - Ships Submarines Aircraft"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Navy+-+Marine+Nationale+-+Ships+Submarines+Aircraft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seaforces.org%2Fmarint%2FFrench-Navy%2Fships.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weaponsystems.net/system/424-De+Zeven+Provinci%C3%ABn+class">"De Zeven Provinciën class"</a>. <i>weaponsystems.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weaponsystems.net&rft.atitle=De+Zeven+Provinci%C3%ABn+class&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweaponsystems.net%2Fsystem%2F424-De%2BZeven%2BProvinci%25C3%25ABn%2Bclass&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milpower.org/shipclass.asp?class=Fridtjof%20Nansen">"Show warship class: Fridtjof Nansen"</a>. <i>milpower.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=milpower.org&rft.atitle=Show+warship+class%3A+Fridtjof+Nansen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milpower.org%2Fshipclass.asp%3Fclass%3DFridtjof%2520Nansen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221125184529/https://www.defesanet.com.br/cct/noticia/31694/CCT-%E2%80%93-thyssenkrupp-Marine-Systems---Dr-Rolf-Wirtz--O-nosso-diferencial-e-a-Qualidade-do-Produto/">"CCT – thyssenkrupp Marine Systems - Dr Rolf Wirtz: O nosso diferencial é a Qualidade do Produto"</a>. <i>Defesa Net</i> (in Portuguese). 9 January 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defesanet.com.br/cct/noticia/31694/CCT-%E2%80%93-thyssenkrupp-Marine-Systems---Dr-Rolf-Wirtz--O-nosso-diferencial-e-a-Qualidade-do-Produto/">the original</a> on 25 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Defesa+Net&rft.atitle=CCT+%E2%80%93+thyssenkrupp+Marine+Systems+-+Dr+Rolf+Wirtz%3A+O+nosso+diferencial+%C3%A9+a+Qualidade+do+Produto&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defesanet.com.br%2Fcct%2Fnoticia%2F31694%2FCCT-%25E2%2580%2593-thyssenkrupp-Marine-Systems---Dr-Rolf-Wirtz--O-nosso-diferencial-e-a-Qualidade-do-Produto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bundeswehr-journal.de/2017/zwei-weitere-mks-180-fuer-die-deutsche-marine/">"Zwei weitere MKS 180 für die deutsche Marine – bundeswehr-journal"</a>. 14 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zwei+weitere+MKS+180+f%C3%BCr+die+deutsche+Marine+%E2%80%93+bundeswehr-journal&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bundeswehr-journal.de%2F2017%2Fzwei-weitere-mks-180-fuer-die-deutsche-marine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mod.gov.in/sites/default/files/tpcr.pdf">Technology perspective</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2020/11/09/italy-plans-new-destroyers-for-2028-delivery/">"Italy plans new destroyers for 2028 delivery"</a>. 9 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Italy+plans+new+destroyers+for+2028+delivery&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fglobal%2Feurope%2F2020%2F11%2F09%2Fitaly-plans-new-destroyers-for-2028-delivery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison2021" class="citation web cs1">Allison, George (22 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ukdefencejournal.org.uk/uk-announces-new-type-83-destroyer/">"UK announces new Type 83 Destroyer"</a>. <i>ukdefencejournal.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ukdefencejournal.org.uk&rft.atitle=UK+announces+new+Type+83+Destroyer&rft.date=2021-03-22&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fukdefencejournal.org.uk%2Fuk-announces-new-type-83-destroyer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRS_summary-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRS_summary_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.usni.org/2018/07/11/report-congress-u-s-navy-destroyer-programs-4">"Report to Congress on U.S. Navy Destroyer Programs"</a>. usni.org. 11 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180821223318/https://news.usni.org/2018/07/11/report-congress-u-s-navy-destroyer-programs-4">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+to+Congress+on+U.S.+Navy+Destroyer+Programs&rft.pub=usni.org&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.usni.org%2F2018%2F07%2F11%2Freport-congress-u-s-navy-destroyer-programs-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.usni.org/2022/01/12/navy-unveils-next-generation-ddgx-warship-concept-with-hypersonic-missiles-lasers">"Navy Unveils Next-Generation DDG(X) Warship Concept with Hypersonic Missiles, Lasers"</a>. 12 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Navy+Unveils+Next-Generation+DDG%28X%29+Warship+Concept+with+Hypersonic+Missiles%2C+Lasers&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.usni.org%2F2022%2F01%2F12%2Fnavy-unveils-next-generation-ddgx-warship-concept-with-hypersonic-missiles-lasers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADestroyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Evans, David C. <i>Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy</i>, 1887–1941, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Peattie" title="Mark Peattie">Mark R. Peattie</a>. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-192-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-192-7">0-87021-192-7</a></li> <li>Gardiner, Robert (Editor). <i>Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships (1860–1905)</i>: Naval Institute Press, 1985.</li> <li>Gove, Philip Babock (Editor in Chief). <i>Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged.</i> (2002) Merriam-Webster Inc., Publishers, Massachusetts, US.</li> <li>Grant, R. Captain. <i>Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer; The Personal Diary of a Japanese Naval Officer.</i> London, John Murray; first and second editions published in 1907.</li> <li>Howe, Christopher. <i>Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War,</i> The University of Chicago Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-226-35485-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-226-35485-7">0-226-35485-7</a></li> <li>Jentschura, Hansgeorg. <i>Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945.</i> United States Naval Institute, Annapolis, Maryland, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-893-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87021-893-X">0-87021-893-X</a>.</li> <li>Lyon, David, <i>The First Destroyers.</i> Chatham Publishing, 1 & 2 Faulkner's Alley, Cowcross St. London, Great Britain; 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-271-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-271-4">1-55750-271-4</a>.</li> <li>Sanders, Michael S. (2001) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VkBWTGGzGNUC">The Yard: Building a Destroyer at the Bath Iron Works</a></i>, HarperCollins, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-092963-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-092963-3">978-0-06-092963-3</a></li> <li>Simpson, Richard V. <i>Building The Mosquito Fleet, The US Navy's First Torpedo Boats.</i> Arcadia Publishing, (2001); Charleston, South Carolina, US. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-0508-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-0508-0">0-7385-0508-0</a>.</li> <li>Preston, Antony. <i>Destroyers</i>, Bison Books (London) 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-32955-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-32955-0">0-600-32955-0</a></li> <li>Van der Vat, Dan. <i>The Atlantic Campaign</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/2006/nr20060407-12772.html">Navy Designates Next-Generation Zumwalt Destroyer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destroyer&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Warship types of the 19th & 20th centuries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Naval_ships_and_warships_in_19th_and_20th_centuries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naval_ship" title="Naval ship">Naval ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">warships</a> in 19th and 20th centuries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_naval_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of naval ship classes in service">Naval ship classes in service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submarine_classes_in_service" title="List of submarine classes in service">submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auxiliary_ship_classes_in_service" title="List of auxiliary ship classes in service">auxiliary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_geography" title="Maritime geography">Operational zones</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green-water navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue-water navy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gun placement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadside_(naval)" title="Broadside (naval)">Broadside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_battery_ship" title="Central battery ship">Central battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemate" title="Casemate">Casemate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_turret" title="Gun turret">Turrets</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship" title="Amphibious assault ship">Amphibious assault ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare_carrier" title="Anti-submarine warfare carrier">Anti-submarine warfare carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balloon_carrier" title="Balloon carrier">Balloon carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecarrier" title="Battlecarrier">Battlecarrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAM_ship" title="CAM ship">CAM ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_carrier" title="Escort carrier">Escort carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighter_catapult_ship" title="Fighter catapult ship">Fighter catapult ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_carrier" title="Fleet carrier">Fleet carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_deck_cruiser" title="Flight deck cruiser">Flight deck cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_carrier" title="Helicopter carrier">Helicopter carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdiction_Assault_Ship" title="Interdiction Assault Ship">Interdiction Assault Ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_aircraft_carrier" title="Light aircraft carrier">Light aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_aircraft_carrier" title="Merchant aircraft carrier">Merchant aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_tender" title="Seaplane tender">Seaplane tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercarrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercarrier">Supercarrier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">Battleships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_defence_ship" title="Coastal defence ship">Coastal defence ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought" title="Dreadnought">Dreadnought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_battleship" title="Fast battleship">Fast battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-dreadnought_battleship" title="Pre-dreadnought battleship">Pre-dreadnought battleship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreadnought#Super-dreadnoughts" title="Dreadnought">Super-dreadnought</a> (<a href="/wiki/Standard-type_battleship" title="Standard-type battleship">Standard-type battleship</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_battleship" title="Treaty battleship">Treaty battleship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cruiser" title="Cruiser">Cruisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_cruiser" title="Aircraft cruiser">Aircraft cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_cruiser" title="Armored cruiser">Armored cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battlecruiser" title="Battlecruiser">Battlecruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_missile_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile cruiser">Guided missile cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_cruiser" title="Heavy cruiser">Heavy cruiser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutschland-class_cruiser" title="Deutschland-class cruiser">Pocket battleship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">Light cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merchant_raider" title="Merchant raider">Merchant raider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_cruiser" title="Protected cruiser">Protected cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_cruiser" title="Scout cruiser">Scout cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_cruiser" title="Strike cruiser">Strike cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_cruiser" title="Torpedo cruiser">Torpedo cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unprotected_cruiser" title="Unprotected cruiser">Unprotected cruiser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Escort</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviso" title="Aviso">Aviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_rescue_ship" title="Convoy rescue ship">Convoy rescue ship</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_escort" title="Destroyer escort">Destroyer escort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_leader" title="Destroyer leader">Destroyer leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escort_destroyer" title="Escort destroyer">Escort destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escorteur" title="Escorteur">Escorteur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigate" title="Frigate">Frigate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided-missile_destroyer" title="Guided-missile destroyer">Guided-missile destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaib%C5%8Dkan" title="Kaibōkan">Kaibōkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radar_picket" title="Radar picket">Radar picket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">Sloop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_transport_dock" title="Amphibious transport dock">Amphibious transport dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare_ship" title="Amphibious warfare ship">Amphibious warfare ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_transport" title="Attack transport">Attack transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dock_landing_ship" title="Dock landing ship">Dock landing ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_craft_carrier" title="Landing craft carrier">Landing craft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Craft_Support" title="Landing Craft Support">Landing Craft Support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Heavy" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Heavy">Landing Ship Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_ship,_infantry" title="Landing ship, infantry">Landing ship, infantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Logistics" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Logistics">Landing Ship Logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Medium" title="Landing Ship Medium">Landing Ship Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship,_Tank" title="Landing Ship, Tank">Landing Ship, Tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landing_Ship_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Landing Ship Vehicle">Landing Ship Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troopship" title="Troopship">Troopship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol craft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_boarding_steamer" title="Armed boarding steamer">Armed boarding steamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_yacht" title="Armed yacht">Armed yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_motor_boat" title="Coastal motor boat">Coastal motor boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corvette" title="Corvette">Corvette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">Gunboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbour_defence_motor_launch" title="Harbour defence motor launch">Harbour defence motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_launch_(naval)" title="Motor launch (naval)">Motor launch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_drifter" title="Naval drifter">Naval drifter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_trawler" title="Naval trawler">Naval trawler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_boarding_vessel" title="Ocean boarding vessel">Ocean boarding vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrol_boat" title="Patrol boat">Patrol boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-ship" title="Q-ship">Q-ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_gun_boat" title="Steam gun boat">Steam gun boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_chaser" title="Submarine chaser">Submarine chaser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">Torpedo boat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fast_attack_craft" title="Fast attack craft">Fast attack craft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/E-boat" title="E-boat">E-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAS_(motorboat)" title="MAS (motorboat)">MAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_gunboat" title="Motor gunboat">MGB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missile_boat" title="Missile boat">Missile boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_torpedo_boat" title="Motor torpedo boat">MTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT_explosive_motorboat" title="MT explosive motorboat">MTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTSM_motor_torpedo_boat" title="MTSM motor torpedo boat">MTSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_boat" title="PT boat">PT boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin%27y%C5%8D-class_suicide_motorboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin'yō-class suicide motorboat">Shin'yō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mine warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danlayer" title="Danlayer">Danlayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_minesweeper" title="Destroyer minesweeper">Destroyer minesweeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_countermeasures_vessel" title="Mine countermeasures vessel">Mine countermeasures vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mine_planter" title="Mine planter">Mine planter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minehunter" title="Minehunter">Minehunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minelayer" title="Minelayer">Minelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minesweeper" title="Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Command and support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenities_ship" title="Amenities ship">Amenities ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition_ship" title="Ammunition ship">Ammunition ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_repair_dock" title="Auxiliary repair dock">Auxiliary repair dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collier_(ship)" title="Collier (ship)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_stores_ship" title="Combat stores ship">Combat stores ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_ship" title="Command ship">Command ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crane_vessel" title="Crane vessel">Crane vessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depot_ship" title="Depot ship">Depot ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destroyer_tender" title="Destroyer tender">Destroyer tender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispatch_boat" title="Dispatch boat">Dispatch boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_combat_support_ship" title="Fast combat support ship">Fast combat support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_stores_issue_ship" title="General stores issue ship">General stores issue ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">Hospital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_support_ship" title="Joint support ship">Joint support ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugboat" title="Tugboat">Naval tugboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">Net laying ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repair_ship" title="Repair ship">Repair ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replenishment_oiler" title="Replenishment oiler">Replenishment oiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_tender" title="Submarine tender">Submarine tender</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_submarine" title="Attack submarine">Attack submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile_submarine" title="Ballistic missile submarine">Ballistic missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_submarine" title="Coastal submarine">Coastal submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_missile_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise missile submarine">Cruise missile submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruiser_submarine" title="Cruiser submarine">Cruiser submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence vehicle">Deep-submergence vehicle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep-submergence_rescue_vehicle" title="Deep-submergence rescue vehicle">DSRV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_submarine" title="Fleet submarine">Fleet submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">Human torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midget_submarine" title="Midget submarine">Midget submarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_aircraft_carrier" title="Submarine aircraft carrier">Submarine aircraft carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_sub" title="Wet sub">Wet sub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantman" title="Armed merchantman">Armed merchantman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_ship" title="Arsenal ship">Arsenal ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barracks_ship" title="Barracks ship">Barracks ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breastwork_monitor" title="Breastwork monitor">Breastwork monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">Capital ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_carrier" title="Drone carrier">Drone carrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagship" title="Flagship">Flagship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floating_battery" title="Floating battery">Floating battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guard_ship" title="Guard ship">Guard ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship" title="Littoral combat ship">Littoral combat ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monitor_(warship)" title="Monitor (warship)">Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_ship" title="Mother ship">Mother ship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_monitor" title="River monitor">River monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Training_ship" title="Training ship">Training ship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ship_types" title="Template:Ship types">Ship types</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sailing_vessels_and_rigs" title="Template:Sailing vessels and 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174736#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174736#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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