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General Motors - Wikipedia

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id="toc-Founding_and_consolidation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_and_consolidation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Founding and consolidation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_and_consolidation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Growth_and_acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_and_acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Growth and acquisitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_and_acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Periods_of_innovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periods_of_innovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Periods of innovation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periods_of_innovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sales_of_assets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sales_of_assets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sales of assets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sales_of_assets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapter_11_bankruptcy_and_bailout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapter_11_bankruptcy_and_bailout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Chapter 11 bankruptcy and bailout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapter_11_bankruptcy_and_bailout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-reorganization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-reorganization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-reorganization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-reorganization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsports_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsports_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Motorsports history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsports_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Logo_evolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Logo_evolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Logo evolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Logo_evolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Brands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Brands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Brands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Corporate affairs</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Corporate affairs subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Business trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vehicle_sales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vehicle_sales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Vehicle sales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vehicle_sales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_board_of_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_board_of_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Current board of directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_board_of_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chairmen_of_the_Board_of_General_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chairmen_of_the_Board_of_General_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Chairmen of the Board of General Motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chairmen_of_the_Board_of_General_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chief_Executive_Officers_of_General_Motors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chief_Executive_Officers_of_General_Motors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Chief Executive Officers of General Motors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chief_Executive_Officers_of_General_Motors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philanthropy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philanthropy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philanthropy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philanthropy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labor_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labor_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Labor conflicts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Labor_conflicts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Labor conflicts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Labor_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flint_sit-down_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flint_sit-down_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Flint sit-down strike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flint_sit-down_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tool and die strike of 1939</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945–1946" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945–1946"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945–1946-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007_General_Motors_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007_General_Motors_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>2007 General Motors strike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007_General_Motors_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019_General_Motors_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_General_Motors_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>2019 General Motors strike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_General_Motors_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>2023 United Auto Workers strike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Streetcar_conspiracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streetcar_conspiracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Streetcar conspiracy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streetcar_conspiracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ralph_Nader_and_the_Corvair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ralph_Nader_and_the_Corvair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ralph Nader and the Corvair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ralph_Nader_and_the_Corvair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apartheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apartheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Apartheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Apartheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ignition_switch_recall" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ignition_switch_recall"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Ignition switch recall</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ignition_switch_recall-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_Uyghur_labor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_Uyghur_labor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Forced Uyghur labor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_Uyghur_labor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sale_of_driver_data_to_insurance_companies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sale_of_driver_data_to_insurance_companies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Sale of driver data to insurance companies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sale_of_driver_data_to_insurance_companies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 80 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-80" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">80 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرال موتورز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنرال موتورز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرال موتورز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جنرال موتورز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8" title="জেনারেল মোটর্স – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেনারেল মোটর্স" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81" title="Дженеръл Мотърс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дженеръл Мотърс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرال موتورز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنرال موتورز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%84%88%EB%9F%B4_%EB%AA%A8%ED%84%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="제너럴 모터스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제너럴 모터스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD" title="Ջեներալ Մոթորս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեներալ Մոթորս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जनरल मोटर्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जनरल मोटर्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="ג&#039;נרל מוטורס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג&#039;נרל מוטורס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಜನರಲ್ ಮೋಟರ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜನರಲ್ ಮೋಟರ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Џенерал моторс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џенерал моторс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ജനറൽ മോട്ടോഴ്‌സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജനറൽ മോട്ടോഴ്‌സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="जनरल मोटर्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जनरल मोटर्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرال موتورز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جنرال موتورز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Женерал Моторс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Женерал Моторс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BC%E3%83%8D%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="ゼネラルモーターズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゼネラルモーターズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرل موٹرز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جنرل موٹرز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="جنرال موټرونه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جنرال موټرونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เจเนรัลมอเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เจเนรัลมอเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="جنرل موٹرز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنرل موٹرز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="通用汽车 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通用汽车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GM" title="GM – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="GM" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" title="通用汽車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通用汽車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6" title="通用汽车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通用汽车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="General Motors" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American multinational automotive company</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">General Motors Company</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_(logo_with_wordmark,_horizontal).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg/200px-General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg/300px-General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ea/General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg/400px-General_Motors_%28logo_with_wordmark%2C_horizontal%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-GM_Renaissance_Center_-_H%C3%B4tel_le_plus_haut_en_Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2992" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> in 2013</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>:&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:GM">GM</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_100" title="S&amp;P 100">S&amp;P 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&amp;P 500">S&amp;P 500</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&amp;isin=US37045V1008">US37045V1008</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motors_Liquidation_Company" title="Motors Liquidation Company">General Motors Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>September&#160;16, 1908<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;116 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1908-09-16</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-filing_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-filing-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (original company)</li><li>July&#160;10,&#160;2009<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-07-10</span>)</span> (present company)</li></ul></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chair &amp; CEO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Reuss" title="Mark Reuss">Mark Reuss</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a>, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data">396 facilities on six continents<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_S._du_Pont" title="Pierre S. du Pont">Pierre S. du Pont</a><br />Chairman of the Board (1915–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kettering" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Kettering">Charles Kettering</a><br />Director of Research (1920–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a><br />CEO (1923–1946)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobiles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Performance_car" title="Performance car">Performance vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">Commercial vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Military_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Military vehicles">Military vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_parts" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile parts">Automobile parts</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production output</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6,186,000 vehicles (sales, 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Brands</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Automotive finance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_leasing" title="Vehicle leasing">Vehicle leasing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Service_(motor_vehicle)" title="Service (motor vehicle)">Vehicle service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>171.8 billion</span> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$9.298 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$9.840 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$273.1 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> US$68.19 billion (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">163,000 (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>Transportation</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise LLC</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>Financial services</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">GM Financial</a></li> <li>GM Insurance</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>Logistics</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GM_Certified_Service" title="GM Certified Service">GM Certified Service</a></li> <li>GM Energy</li> <li>GM Envolve</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>Industrial</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACDelco" title="ACDelco">ACDelco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(engines)" title="DMAX (engines)">DMAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Components_Holdings" title="GM Components Holdings">GM Components Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Defense" title="GM Defense">GM Defense</a></li> <li>GM Subsystems Manufacturing LLC</li> <li>Ultium Cells LLC</li></ul> </li></ul> </div> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><b>International</b></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Europe" title="Cadillac Europe">Cadillac Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Argentina" title="General Motors de Argentina">GM Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_do_Brasil" title="General Motors do Brasil">GM Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">GM Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Chile" title="General Motors de Chile">GM Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Colmotores" title="GM Colmotores">GM Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors_OBB" class="extiw" title="es:General Motors OBB">GM Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Egypt" title="General Motors Egypt">GM Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">GM Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a> <ul><li>GM Technical Center Korea</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="General Motors de México">GM Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_New_Zealand" title="General Motors New Zealand">GM New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Specialty_Vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Specialty Vehicles">GM Specialty Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Asia_Technical_Automotive_Center" title="Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center">Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM" title="SAIC-GM">SAIC-GM</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a> (44%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SGMW_Motor_Indonesia" title="SGMW Motor Indonesia">SGMW Motor Indonesia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gm.com">gm<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>General Motors Company</b> (<b>GM</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is an American <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive</a> manufacturing company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company is most known for owning and manufacturing four automobile brands: <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>. By total sales, it has continuously been the largest automaker in the United States, and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">largest in the world</a> for 77 years before losing the top spot to <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Motors operates <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturing plants">manufacturing plants</a> in eight countries. In addition to its four core brands, GM also holds interests in Chinese brands <a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">Wuling</a> via <a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM further owns <a href="/wiki/GM_Defense" title="GM Defense">a namesake defense vehicles division</a> which produces military vehicles for the United States government and military,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the vehicle safety, security, and information services provider <a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the auto parts company <a href="/wiki/ACDelco" title="ACDelco">ACDelco</a>, a <a href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">namesake financial lending service</a>, and majority ownership in the <a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">self-driving cars</a> enterprise <a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise LLC</a>. </p><p>The company originated as a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a> for <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> established on September 16, 1908, by <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a>, the largest seller of <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">horse-drawn vehicles</a> at the time. The first half of the 20th century saw the company grow into an automotive behemoth through acquisitions; going into the second half, the company pursued innovation and new offerings to consumers as well as collaborations with <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> to develop the earliest <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">electric vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The current entity was established in 2009 after the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, General Motors ranks 25th by total revenue out of all American companies on the <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a></i> and 50th on the <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">Fortune Global 500</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2023, the company was ranked 70th in the <a href="/wiki/Forbes_Global_2000" title="Forbes Global 2000">Forbes Global 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2021, GM announced its intent to end production of vehicles using <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engines</a> by 2035, as part of its plan to achieve <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> by 2040.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTZero_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTZero-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_General_Motors" title="History of General Motors">History of General Motors</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_consolidation">Founding and consolidation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and consolidation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1900, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Durant-Dort_Carriage_Company" title="Durant-Dort Carriage Company">Durant-Dort Carriage Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint, Michigan</a>, had become the largest manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">horse-drawn vehicles</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Durant was averse to automobiles, but fellow Flint businessman <a href="/wiki/James_H._Whiting" title="James H. Whiting">James H. Whiting</a>, owner of <a href="/wiki/Flint_Wagon_Works" title="Flint Wagon Works">Flint Wagon Works</a>, sold him the <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick Motor Company</a> in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Durant formed the General Motors Company in 1908 as a <a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">holding company</a>, borrowing a naming convention from <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kollewe_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kollewe-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM's first acquisition was <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>, which Durant already owned, then <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Olds Motor Works</a> on November 12, 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under Durant, GM went on to acquire <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elmore_Manufacturing_Company" title="Elmore Manufacturing Company">Elmore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welch_Motor_Car_Company" title="Welch Motor Car Company">Welch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland (automobile)">Oakland</a> (the predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_Motor_Vehicle_Company" title="Rapid Motor Vehicle Company">Rapid Motor Vehicle Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac, Michigan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Reliance_(automobile)" title="Reliance (automobile)">Reliance Motor Car Company</a> of <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit, Michigan</a> (predecessors of <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a>) in 1909. </p><p>Durant, with the board's approval, also tried acquiring <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, but needed an additional $2 million.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Durant over-<a href="/wiki/Leverage_(finance)" title="Leverage (finance)">leveraged</a> GM in making acquisitions, and was removed by the board of directors in 1910 at the order of the bankers who backed the loans to keep GM in business.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The action of the bankers was partially influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1910%E2%80%931911" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic of 1910–1911">Panic of 1910–1911</a> that followed the earlier enforcement of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a>. In 1911, <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Kettering" title="Charles F. Kettering">Charles F. Kettering</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Engineering_Laboratories_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company">Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company</a> (DELCO) and <a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Leland" title="Henry M. Leland">Henry M. Leland</a> invented and patented the first electric <a href="/wiki/Starter_(engine)" title="Starter (engine)">starter</a> in America.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 1911, Durant co-founded <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> with race car driver <a href="/wiki/Louis_Chevrolet" title="Louis Chevrolet">Louis Chevrolet</a>, who left the company in 1915 after a disagreement with Durant.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg/220px-General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg/330px-General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg/440px-General_Motors_Company_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3673" data-file-height="2397" /></a><figcaption>General Motors Company share certificate issued October 13, 1916</figcaption></figure> <p>GM was reincorporated in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> in 1916 as General Motors Corporation and became a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">public company</a> via an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>. By 1917, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> had become successful enough that Durant, with the backing of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_McLaughlin" title="Samuel McLaughlin">Samuel McLaughlin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_S._du_Pont" title="Pierre S. du Pont">Pierre S. du Pont</a>, reacquired a controlling interest in GM. The same year, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Samson_Tractor" title="Samson Tractor">Samson Tractor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chevrolet Motor Company was consolidated into GM on May 2, 1918, and the same year GM acquired <a href="/wiki/United_Motors_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="United Motors Company">United Motors</a>, a parts supplier founded by Durant and headed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a> for $45 million, and the <a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin Motor Car Company</a>, founded by <a href="/wiki/Robert_McLaughlin_(industrialist)" title="Robert McLaughlin (industrialist)">R. S. McLaughlin</a>, became <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors of Canada">General Motors of Canada</a> Limited.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1919, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Frigerator_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Guardian Frigerator Company">Guardian Frigerator Company</a>, part-owned by Durant, which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Frigidaire" title="Frigidaire">Frigidaire</a>. Also in 1919, the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Acceptance_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Acceptance Corporation">General Motors Acceptance Corporation</a> (GMAC), which provides financing to automotive customers, was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-tarp_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarp-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-story_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, du Pont orchestrated the removal of Durant once again and replaced him with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At a time when GM was competing heavily with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, Sloan established annual model changes, making previous years' models "dated" and created a market for <a href="/wiki/Used_car" title="Used car">used cars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also implemented the pricing strategy used by car companies today. The pricing strategy had <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> priced from least expensive to most, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Midgley_Jr." title="Thomas Midgley Jr.">Thomas Midgley Jr.</a>, an engineer for GM, discovered <a href="/wiki/Tetraethyllead" title="Tetraethyllead">tetraethyllead</a> (leaded gasoline) as an antiknock agent, and GM patented the compound because <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> could not be patented.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This led to the development of higher compression engines resulting in more power and efficiency. The public later realized that lead contained in the gasoline was harmful to various biological organisms including humans.<sup id="cite_ref-Kitman_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kitman-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Evidence shows that corporate executives understood the health implications of <a href="/wiki/Tetraethyllead" title="Tetraethyllead">tetraethyllead</a> from the beginning.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As an engineer for GM, Midgley also developed <a href="/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon" title="Chlorofluorocarbon">chlorofluorocarbons</a>, which have now been banned due to their contribution to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the encouragement of GM President Alfred P. Sloan Jr., GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> for $2.5 million in 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-selling_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selling-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company also acquired an interest in the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Cab_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company">Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company</a> the same year, and its president, <a href="/wiki/John_D._Hertz" title="John D. Hertz">John D. Hertz</a>, joined the board of directors of GM; it acquired the remainder of the company in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_and_acquisitions">Growth and acquisitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Growth and acquisitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1926, the company introduced the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> brand and established the General Motors Group Insurance Program to provide <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a> to its employees.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The following year, after the success of the 1927 model of the <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> <a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Harley_Earl" title="Harley Earl">Harley Earl</a>, Sloan created the "Art and Color Section" of GM and named Earl as its first director. Earl was the first design executive to be appointed to leadership at a major American corporation. Earl created a system of automobile design that is still practiced today.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the age of 24, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Mitchell_(automobile_designer)" title="Bill Mitchell (automobile designer)">Bill Mitchell</a> was recruited by Earl to the design team at GM, and he was later appointed as Chief Designer of Cadillac. After Earl retired in December 1958, Mitchell took over automotive design for GM.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also in 1926 the company acquired <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Body" title="Fisher Body">Fisher Body</a>, its supplier of automobile bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Allison_Engine_Company" title="Allison Engine Company">Allison Engine Company</a><sup id="cite_ref-story_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and began developing a 1,000 horsepower liquid-cooled aircraft engine in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The same year, GM acquired 80% of <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a>, which at that time had a 37.5% <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> in Europe, for $26 million. It acquired the remaining 20% in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-selling_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-selling-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late-1920s, Charles Kettering embarked on a program to develop a lightweight <a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_diesel_engine" title="Two-stroke diesel engine">two-stroke diesel engine</a> for possible usage in automobiles.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Soon after, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Winton_Motor_Carriage_Company#Winton_Engine_Company" title="Winton Motor Carriage Company">Winton Engine Co.</a>, and in 1941, it expanded EMC's realm to locomotive engine manufacturing.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1932, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Packard_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Packard Electric">Packard Electric</a><sup id="cite_ref-story_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a> car company, which merged with <a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> years later). The following year, GM acquired a controlling interest in <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> and merged it with the <a href="/wiki/General_Aviation_Manufacturing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation">General Aviation Manufacturing Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GM labor force participated in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor union</a> in 1935, and in 1936 the UAW organized the <a href="/wiki/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Flint Sit-Down Strike">Flint Sit-Down Strike</a>, which initially idled two key plants in Flint, Michigan, and later spread to 6 other plants including those in <a href="/wiki/Janesville,_Wisconsin" title="Janesville, Wisconsin">Janesville, Wisconsin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne, Indiana</a>. In Flint, police attempted to enter the plant to arrest strikers, leading to violence; in other cities, the plants were shuttered peacefully. The strike was resolved on February 11, 1937, when GM recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining representative for its workers and gave workers a 5% raise and permission to speak in the lunchroom.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walter E. Jominy and A.L. Boegehold of GM invented the Jominy end-quench test for <a href="/wiki/Hardenability" title="Hardenability">hardenability</a> of carbon steel in 1937, a breakthrough in <a href="/wiki/Heat_treating" title="Heat treating">heat treating</a> still in use today as <a href="/wiki/ASTM_International" title="ASTM International">ASTM</a> A255.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM established <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a> the next year.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, the company founded Motors Insurance Corporation and entered the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_insurance" title="Vehicle insurance">vehicle insurance</a> market.<sup id="cite_ref-tarp_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tarp-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The same year, GM introduced the <a href="/wiki/Hydramatic" title="Hydramatic">Hydramatic</a>, the first affordable and successful <a href="/wiki/Automatic_transmission" title="Automatic transmission">automatic transmission</a>, for the 1940 Oldsmobile.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo,_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1926 Pontiac radiator logo"><img alt="1926 Pontiac radiator logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg/113px-1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg/170px-1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg/226px-1926_Pontiac_Two_Door_Coach_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo%2C_CA_-_DSC02106.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1926 Pontiac radiator logo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1928 Pontiac Series 6-28 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan"><img alt="1928 Pontiac Series 6-28 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg/160px-Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg/240px-Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg/320px-Pontiac_New_Series_6-28_8240_2-Door_Sedan_1928_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1928 <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Six" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac Six">Pontiac Series 6-28</a> 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1932_Pontiac_(32463035).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1932 Pontiac Series 402 Six 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan"><img alt="1932 Pontiac Series 402 Six 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg/160px-1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg/240px-1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg/320px-1932_Pontiac_%2832463035%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1932 <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Six" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac Six">Pontiac Series 402 Six</a> 2-door 5-passenger Coach sedan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1936-pontiac-archives.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1936 Pontiac Master Six Series 6BB Coupe"><img alt="1936 Pontiac Master Six Series 6BB Coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1936-pontiac-archives.jpg/160px-1936-pontiac-archives.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1936-pontiac-archives.jpg/240px-1936-pontiac-archives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/1936-pontiac-archives.jpg/320px-1936-pontiac-archives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1936 <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Six#Second_Generation_(1935-1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontiac Six">Pontiac Master Six Series 6BB</a> Coupe</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, GM produced vast quantities of armaments, vehicles, and aircraft for the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a>. In 1940, GM's <a href="/wiki/William_S._Knudsen" title="William S. Knudsen">William S. Knudsen</a> served as head of U.S. wartime production for <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Roosevelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Franklin Roosevelt">Franklin Roosevelt</a>, and by 1942, all of GM's production was to support the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Kollewe_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kollewe-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM's <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> manufactured the <a href="/wiki/Churchill_tank" title="Churchill tank">Churchill tank</a> series for the Allies, instrumental in the <a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North African campaign</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, its <a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> division, based in Germany, supplied the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> with vehicles. Politically, Sloan, as head of GM at the time, was an ardent opponent of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a>, which bolstered <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">labor unions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>. Sloan admired and supported <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nazi armaments chief <a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> allegedly said in 1977 that Hitler "would never have considered invading Poland" without <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fuel" title="Synthetic fuel">synthetic fuel</a> technology provided by General Motors. GM was compensated $32 million by the U.S. government because its German factories were bombed by U.S. forces during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Effective January 28, 1953, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Erwin_Wilson" title="Charles Erwin Wilson">Charles Erwin Wilson</a>, then GM president, was named by <a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">United States Secretary of Defense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1953, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Euclid_Trucks" title="Euclid Trucks">Euclid Trucks</a>, a manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">heavy equipment</a> for <a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">earthmoving</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Dump_truck" title="Dump truck">dump trucks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loader_(equipment)" title="Loader (equipment)">loaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wheel_tractor-scraper" title="Wheel tractor-scraper">wheel tractor-scrapers</a>, which later spawned the <a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a> brand.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periods_of_innovation">Periods of innovation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Periods of innovation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a> retired as chairman and was succeeded by Albert Bradley in April 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, GM introduced the first ever <a href="/wiki/Turbocharger" title="Turbocharger">turbocharged</a> production car in the world in the <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_Cutlass" title="Oldsmobile Cutlass">Oldsmobile Cutlass</a> Turbo-Jetfire.<sup id="cite_ref-story_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-story-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Two years later, the company introduced its "<a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Excellence" title="Mark of Excellence">Mark of Excellence</a>" logo and trademark at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World&#39;s Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>. The company used the mark as their main corporate identifier until 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Motor_Trend_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motor_Trend-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM released the Electrovan in 1966, the first hydrogen <a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">fuel cell</a> car ever produced.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Though fuel cells have existed since the early 1800s, General Motors was the first to use a fuel cell, supplied by <a href="/wiki/Union_Carbide" title="Union Carbide">Union Carbide</a>, to power the wheels of a vehicle with a budget of "millions of dollars".<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg/200px-Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg/300px-Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg/400px-Chevrolet_nova_1969_ad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1219" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption>An advertisement for the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Chevy_II_/_Nova" title="Chevrolet Chevy II / Nova">Chevrolet Nova</a> using the advertising slogan <i>"Putting you first, keeps us first"</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1960s, GM was an early proponent of <a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6 engines</a>, but quickly lost interest as the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">muscle cars</a> increased. GM demonstrated <a href="/wiki/Gas_turbine" title="Gas turbine">gas turbine</a> vehicles powered by <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a>, an area of interest throughout the industry, but abandoned the alternative engine configuration due to the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">1973 oil crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In partnership with <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, GM's Delco Defense Electronics Division designed the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a>, which traversed the surface of the Moon, in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The following year, GM produced the first rear wheel <a href="/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system" title="Anti-lock braking system">anti-lock braking system</a> for two models: the Toronado and Eldorado.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the Oldsmobile Toronado was the first retail car sold with a passenger <a href="/wiki/Airbag" title="Airbag">airbag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(chairman)" title="Thomas Murphy (chairman)">Thomas Murphy</a> became CEO of the company, succeeding Richard C. Gerstenberg in November 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM installed its first <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converters</a> in its 1975 models.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1978 to 1985, GM pushed the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_deactivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder deactivation">cylinder deactivation</a> technologies. However, it had disastrous results due to poor durability in the <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> diesels and drivability issues in the <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> V8-6-4 variable-cylinder engines.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM sold Frigidaire in 1979. Although Frigidaire had between $450 million and $500 million in annual revenues, it was losing money.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg/220px-General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg/330px-General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg/440px-General_Motors_building_089833pv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4730" data-file-height="3646" /></a><figcaption>General Motors headquarters building, 1981</figcaption></figure> <p>Robert Lee of GM invented the <a href="/wiki/Neodymium_magnet" title="Neodymium magnet">neodymium magnet</a>, which was fabricated by rapid solidification, in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This magnet is commonly used in products like a computer hard disk. The same year, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a> for $2.5 billion from <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a> as part of a strategy by CEO <a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_(executive)" title="Roger Smith (executive)">Roger Smith</a> to derive at least 10% of its annual worldwide revenue from non-automotive sources.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM also intended to have EDS handle its bookkeeping, help computerize factories, and integrate GM's computer systems. The transaction made Ross Perot the largest shareholder of GM; however, disagreements with Roger Smith led the company to buy all shares held by Ross Perot for $750 million in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a continuation of its diversification plans, GMAC formed GMAC Mortgage and acquired Colonial Mortgage as well as the servicing arm of Norwest Mortgage in 1985. This acquisition included an $11 billion mortgage portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The same year, GM acquired the <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Company" title="Hughes Aircraft Company">Hughes Aircraft Company</a> for $5 billion in cash and stock and merged it into <a href="/wiki/Delco_Electronics" title="Delco Electronics">Delco Electronics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The following year, GM acquired 59.7% of <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a>, a British producer of high-performance <a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">sports cars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/AeroVironment" title="AeroVironment">AeroVironment</a>, GM built the <a href="/wiki/Sunraycer" title="Sunraycer">Sunraycer</a>, which won the inaugural <a href="/wiki/World_Solar_Challenge" title="World Solar Challenge">World Solar Challenge</a> and was a showcase of advanced technology. Much of the technology from Sunraycer found its way into the Impact prototype electric vehicle (also built by Aerovironment) and was the predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">General Motors EV1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1988, GM acquired a 15% stake in <a href="/wiki/AeroVironment" title="AeroVironment">AeroVironment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1989, GM acquired half of <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab Automobile</a>'s car operations for $600 million.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sales_of_assets">Sales of assets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Sales of assets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 1990, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stempel" title="Robert Stempel">Robert Stempel</a> became CEO of the company, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_(executive)" title="Roger Smith (executive)">Roger Smith</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM cut output significantly and suffered losses that year due to the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">early 1990s recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, GM debuted the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">General Motors EV1</a> (Impact) concept, a <a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery electric vehicle</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/LA_Auto_Show" title="LA Auto Show">LA Auto Show</a>. It was the first car with zero emissions marketed in the US in over three decades. The Impact was produced as the <a href="/wiki/EV1" class="mw-redirect" title="EV1">EV1</a> for the 1996 model year and was available only via lease from certain dealers in California and Arizona. In 1999–2002, GM ceased production of the vehicles and started to not renew the leases, disappointing many people, allegedly because the program would not be profitable and would <a href="/wiki/Cannibalization_(marketing)" title="Cannibalization (marketing)">cannibalize</a> its existing business. All of the EV1s were eventually returned to General Motors, and except for around 40 which were donated to museums with their electric powertrains deactivated, all were destroyed. The documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Killed_the_Electric_Car%3F" title="Who Killed the Electric Car?">Who Killed the Electric Car?</a></i> covered the EV1 story.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1992, <a href="/wiki/John_F._Smith_Jr." title="John F. Smith Jr.">John F. Smith Jr.</a> became CEO of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, GM sold <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bugatti" title="Bugatti">Bugatti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, in a return to its automotive basics, GM completed the <a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">corporate spin-off</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, GM sold the military businesses of <a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Company" title="Hughes Aircraft Company">Hughes Aircraft Company</a> to <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Company">Raytheon Company</a> for $9.5 billion in stock and the assumption of debt.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2000, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Wagoner" title="Rick Wagoner">Rick Wagoner</a> was named CEO, succeeding Smith.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The next month, GM gave 5.1% of its common stock, worth $2.4 billion, to acquire a 20% share of <a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2000, GM announced that it would begin phasing out <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a>. The brand was eventually discontinued in 2004, seven years after it had become the first American car brand to turn 100.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid vehicle"><img alt="Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid vehicle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg/160px-Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg/240px-Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg/320px-Chevrolet_Tahoe_hybrid_MLB_All_Star_Game_edition_at_67_St_NYC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Tahoe" title="Chevrolet Tahoe">Chevrolet Tahoe</a> <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid vehicle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second generation Chevrolet Volt"><img alt="Second generation Chevrolet Volt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg/160px-Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg/240px-Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg/320px-Chevrolet_Volt_WAS_2017_1533.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2843" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Volt_(second_generation)" title="Chevrolet Volt (second generation)">Second generation Chevrolet Volt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chevrolet Volt"><img alt="The Chevrolet Volt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG/160px-DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG/240px-DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG/320px-DCA_06_2012_Chevy_Volt_4035.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1950" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Volt" title="Chevrolet Volt">Chevrolet Volt</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EV1_(6).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The General Motors EV1, an electric car, was introduced in California in 1996."><img alt="The General Motors EV1, an electric car, was introduced in California in 1996." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/EV1_%286%29.jpg/160px-EV1_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/EV1_%286%29.jpg/240px-EV1_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/EV1_%286%29.jpg/320px-EV1_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">General Motors EV1</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric car</a>, was introduced in California in 1996.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>In May 2004, GM delivered the first full-sized <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a> <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid vehicles</a>, the 1/2-ton <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Silverado" title="Chevrolet Silverado">Chevrolet Silverado</a>/<a href="/wiki/GMC_Sierra" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC Sierra">GMC Sierra</a> trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These <a href="/wiki/Mild_hybrid" title="Mild hybrid">mild hybrids</a> did not use electrical energy for propulsion, like GM's later designs. Later, the company debuted another hybrid technology, co-developed with <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">DaimlerChrysler</a> and <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>, in diesel-electric hybrid powertrain manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison Transmission</a> for transit buses.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Continuing to target the diesel-hybrid market, the <a href="/wiki/Opel_Astra" title="Opel Astra">Opel Astra</a> <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a> <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid</a> <a href="/wiki/Concept_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Concept vehicle">concept vehicle</a> was rolled out in January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Later that year, GM sold its <a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Diesel</a> locomotive division to <a href="/wiki/Private_equity_firm" title="Private equity firm">private equity firms</a> <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_Partners" title="Berkshire Partners">Berkshire Partners</a> and Greenbriar Equity Group.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM paid $2 billion to sever its ties with <a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat</a> in 2005, severing ties with the company due to an increasingly contentious dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM began adding its "<a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Excellence" title="Mark of Excellence">Mark of Excellence</a>" emblem on all new vehicles produced and sold in North America in mid-2005. However, after the reorganization in 2009, the company no longer added the logo, saying that emphasis on its four core divisions would downplay the GM logo.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Welburn" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward T. Welburn">Edward T. Welburn</a> was promoted to the newly created position of vice president, GM Global Design, making him the first African American to lead a global automotive design organization and the highest-ranking African American in the US motor industry at that time. On July 1, 2016, he retired from General Motors after 44 years. He was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Simcoe" title="Michael Simcoe">Michael Simcoe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, GM introduced a bright yellow fuel cap on its vehicles to remind drivers that cars can operate using <a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">ethanol fuel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They also introduced another hybrid vehicle that year, the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Vue#Green_Line" title="Saturn Vue">Saturn Vue Green Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, General Motors committed to engineering half of its manufacturing plants to be landfill-free by recycling or reusing waste in the manufacturing process.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Continuing their environmental-conscious development, GM started to offer the <a href="/wiki/2-mode_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="2-mode hybrid">2-mode hybrid</a> system in the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Tahoe" title="Chevrolet Tahoe">Chevrolet Tahoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/GMC_Yukon" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC Yukon">GMC Yukon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Escalade" title="Cadillac Escalade">Cadillac Escalade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup trucks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2008, the world's largest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rooftop_photovoltaic_installations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rooftop photovoltaic installations">rooftop solar power installation</a> was installed at GM's manufacturing plant in <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>. The Zaragoza solar installation has about 2,000,000 square feet (190,000&#160;m<sup>2</sup>) of roof at the plant and contains about 85,000 solar panels. The installation was created, owned, and operated by <a href="/wiki/Veolia" title="Veolia">Veolia</a> Environment and Clairvoyant Energy, which leases the rooftop area from GM.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapter_11_bankruptcy_and_bailout">Chapter 11 bankruptcy and bailout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Chapter 11 bankruptcy and bailout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization</a></div> <p>In March 2009, after the company had received $17.4 billion in bailouts but was not effective in a turnaround, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> forced the resignation of CEO <a href="/wiki/Rick_Wagoner" title="Rick Wagoner">Rick Wagoner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Motors filed for a government-backed <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 11</a> reorganization on June 8, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Slim_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slim-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Primer_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Primer-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On July 10, 2009, the original General Motors sold assets and some subsidiaries to an entirely new company, including the trademark "General Motors".<sup id="cite_ref-Slim_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slim-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Primer_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Primer-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Liabilities were left with the original GM, renamed <a href="/wiki/Motors_Liquidation_Company" title="Motors Liquidation Company">Motors Liquidation Company</a>, freeing the companies of many liabilities and resulting in a new GM.<sup id="cite_ref-Slim_112-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slim-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Primer_113-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Primer-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">United States Department of the Treasury</a> invested $49.5 billion in General Motors and recovered $39 billion when it sold its shares on December 9, 2013, resulting in a loss of $10.3 billion. The Treasury invested an additional $17.2 billion into GM's former financing company, GMAC (now <a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a>). The shares in Ally were sold on December 18, 2014, for $19.6 billion netting the government $2.4 billion in profit, including dividends.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A study by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Automotive_Research" title="Center for Automotive Research">Center for Automotive Research</a> found that the GM bailout saved 1.2 million jobs and preserved $34.9 billion in tax revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">General Motors Canada</a> was not part of the General Motors Chapter 11 bankruptcy.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-reorganization">Post-reorganization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Post-reorganization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2009, at the request of <a href="/wiki/Steven_Rattner" title="Steven Rattner">Steven Rattner</a>, lead adviser to President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Task_Force_on_the_Auto_Industry" title="Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry">Presidential Task Force on the Auto Industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Whitacre_Jr." title="Edward Whitacre Jr.">Edward Whitacre Jr.</a>, who had led a restructuring of <a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&amp;T">AT&amp;T</a>, was appointed as chairman of General Motors.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Whitacre was tasked with overseeing GM's emergence from bankruptcy and downsizing its sizable number of brand marques, many of which had produced chronic losses even before the recession began. In July 2009, after 40 days of bankruptcy protection, the company emerged from the government-backed <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As mandated by its bailout agreement, GM began the process of shedding its poorest-performing brands in June 2009: Hummer, Saab, Saturn, and Pontiac. An October 2009 agreement to sell the Hummer brand to <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People&#39;s Republic of China">China</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Tengzhong_Heavy_Industrial_Machinery_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery Company">Sichuan Tengzhong Heavy Industrial Machinery Company</a> Ltd.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and a group of private investors fell through three months later, resulting in GM seeking a new suitor.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref_i_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref_i-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> American company Raser Technologies, along with several others, expressed interest in buying the company, but none of the proposed acquisitions came to fruition, and in April 2010 GM said it was officially shutting down the Hummer brand.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Similarly, GM's efforts to sell its Saturn division yielded an early suitor. In June 2009, GM announced that the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a> brand would be sold to the <a href="/wiki/Penske_Automotive_Group" title="Penske Automotive Group">Penske Automotive Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldman2009_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldman2009-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The deal fell through, however, and GM declared the brand defunct in October 2010. While GM agreed to shed its underperforming Pontiac brand as part of its bailout agreement, the company explicitly opted not to sell it to another company.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The last Pontiac was built in January 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM was more successful in its attempts to sell <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab Automobile</a>: the company closed a sale to Dutch automaker <a href="/wiki/Spyker_Cars" title="Spyker Cars">Spyker Cars</a> in February 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Saab continued to perform poorly under Spyker's management, however, and in 2012 the Saab division declared <a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile_bankruptcy" title="Saab Automobile bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a>. </p><p>In 2009, GM faced significant challenges in its Asian operations, particularly in Korea with GM-Daewoo Automotive Technology Company (GMDAT).<sup id="cite_ref-finance.yahoo.com_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qz.com_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qz.com-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the time, GM would manufacture low-cost small cars in Korea and export them to developing markets, including China. GMDAT suffered from cash flow issues exacerbated by a $1.5 billion loss in foreign exchange in the first quarter of 2009. GM's precarious financial situation, exacerbated by impending bankruptce, and the reluctance of the US government rescuers to address overseas issues, left few options. Facing a frozen credit market and the Korean Development Bank's refusal to extend loans beyond the existing $2 billion owed by GMDAT, GM had no alternative but to seek capital from China.<sup id="cite_ref-finance.yahoo.com_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qz.com_130-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qz.com-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mid-November 2009, GM suddenly had $491 million available for GMDAT's turnaround, though the source of the funds was initially unclear.<sup id="cite_ref-finance.yahoo.com_129-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qz.com_130-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qz.com-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was later revealed that GM had sold a 1% stake in Shanghai GM to <a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor</a>, effectively giving SAIC Motor controlling interest in the venture. Additionally, GM transformed its struggling GM India division into a joint venture, with SAIC Motor acquiring a 50% stake in exchange for a $350 million investment. GM executives stated that SAIC Motor's involvement facilitated access to Chinese banking sector funding, which would have been challenging to secure independently. In its 2010 SEC filing, GM clarified that SAIC had helped secure a $400 million commercial bank loan, using its stake in Shanghai-GM as collateral.<sup id="cite_ref-finance.yahoo.com_129-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-finance.yahoo.com-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-qz.com_130-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qz.com-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2009, the "new" GM's <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> asked CEO <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Henderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Henderson">Fritz Henderson</a> to resign, and its chairman, Ed Whitacre, was named interim CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM opted to appoint Whitacre as its permanent CEO the following month, though Whitacre ultimately stepped down as CEO in September 2010, relinquishing the position to fellow GM board member <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akerson" title="Daniel Akerson">Daniel Akerson</a> but agreeing to continue on as GM chairman until the end of the year. Akerson replaced him as chairman, while continuing as CEO, in January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, GM introduced the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Volt" title="Chevrolet Volt">Chevrolet Volt</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Extended-range_electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Extended-range electric vehicle">extended-range electric vehicle</a> (EREV), an electric vehicle with backup generators powered by gasoline, a type of <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid_electric_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle">plug-in hybrid electric vehicle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RSC_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSC-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VDI_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VDI-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM delivered the first Volt in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM built a prototype two-seat electric vehicle with <a href="/wiki/Segway_Inc." title="Segway Inc.">Segway Inc.</a> An early prototype of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_Urban_Mobility_and_Accessibility" title="Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility">Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility</a> vehicle&#160;&#8211;&#32;dubbed <a href="/wiki/Personal_Urban_Mobility_and_Accessibility" title="Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility">Project P.U.M.A.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;was presented in New York at the 2009 <a href="/wiki/New_York_International_Auto_Show" title="New York International Auto Show">New York International Auto Show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:14_Buick_LaCrosse_(14344035480).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2nd generation Buick LaCrosse (2010–2016)[139][140]"><img alt="2nd generation Buick LaCrosse (2010–2016)[139][140]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg/160px-14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg/240px-14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg/320px-14_Buick_LaCrosse_%2814344035480%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3909" data-file-height="2424" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Buick_LaCrosse#Second_generation_(2010)" title="Buick LaCrosse">2nd generation Buick LaCrosse (2010–2016)</a><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auto_Show_068.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="General Motors Sequel, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from GM."><img alt="General Motors Sequel, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from GM." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Auto_Show_068.jpg/160px-Auto_Show_068.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Auto_Show_068.jpg/240px-Auto_Show_068.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Auto_Show_068.jpg/320px-Auto_Show_068.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Sequel" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Sequel">General Motors Sequel</a>, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from GM.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="E85 FlexFuel Chevrolet Impala LT 2009 (USA)"><img alt="E85 FlexFuel Chevrolet Impala LT 2009 (USA)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg/160px-Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg/240px-Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg/320px-Chevrolet_Impala_FlexFuel_34_MIA_12_2008_with_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="787" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">E85 FlexFuel <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala" title="Chevrolet Impala">Chevrolet Impala</a> LT 2009 (USA)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Chevrolet Bolt EV was released in late 2016."><img alt="The Chevrolet Bolt EV was released in late 2016." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg/160px-Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg/240px-Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg/320px-Chevrolet_Bolt_EV_SAO_2016_8894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevrolet Bolt EV">Chevrolet Bolt EV</a> was released in late 2016.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>On January 15, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a> was named chief executive officer, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akerson" title="Daniel Akerson">Daniel Akerson</a>. Barra also joined the GM board.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Only three weeks later, the company announced its <a href="/wiki/2014_General_Motors_recall" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 General Motors recall">2014 General Motors recall</a>, which was due to faulty ignition switches, and was linked to at least 124 deaths. The resulting settlements with family members of those killed were estimated to cost the company $1.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-shell_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shell-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Under Barra, GM began a multi-year abandonment of many markets, choosing to focus on higher-profit markets like North America and China.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 4, 2016, in its first investment in a <a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">ridesharing company</a>, GM invested $500 million in <a href="/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft">Lyft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company does not directly supply Lyft drivers with vehicles, however – and has no plans to do so in the future – and Lyft ultimately partnered with <a href="/wiki/Motional" title="Motional">Motional</a> for production of its autonomous vehicles. </p><p>In March 2016, GM acquired <a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise</a>, a <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> self-driving vehicle start-up, to develop self-driving cars that could be used in ride-sharing fleets.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 2022, Cruise received California's first Driverless Deployment Permit, allowing it to both charge fees for its service as well as offer fully autonomous rides in a major public city.<sup id="cite_ref-CNBC-202206_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-202206-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i> reported that the company lost $561 million in Q1 2023, but said it remains on the path to reach $1 billion in revenue by 2025 and $50 billion by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2016, GM began production of the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Bolt_EV" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevrolet Bolt EV">Chevrolet Bolt EV</a>, the first-ever mass market <a href="/wiki/All-electric_car" class="mw-redirect" title="All-electric car">all-electric car</a> with a range of more than 200 miles (320&#160;km).<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The battery pack and most drivetrain components were built by <a href="/wiki/LG_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="LG Corporation">LG Corporation</a> and assembled in GM's plant in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Orion,_Michigan" title="Lake Orion, Michigan">Lake Orion, Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <span class="citation-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">GM chose to employ the Bolt EV and similar Bolt EUV for its Cruise ride-share service.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>On January 8, 2021, GM introduced a new logo alongside the tagline "EVerybody in", with the capitalized "EV" as a nod to the company's commitment to electric vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Motor_Trend_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Motor_Trend-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM's new logo used <a href="/wiki/Negative_space" title="Negative space">negative space</a> to create the idea of an electric plug in the "M" of the logo.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the January 2021 <a href="/wiki/Consumer_Electronics_Show" title="Consumer Electronics Show">Consumer Electronics Show</a>, GM launched <a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a>, a brand for all-electric <a href="/wiki/Commercial_vehicle" title="Commercial vehicle">commercial vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 28, 2021, GM announced that it will end production and sales of <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">fossil-fuel vehicles</a> (including hybrids and plug-in hybrids) by 2035 as part of its plan to reach <a href="/wiki/Carbon_neutrality" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon neutrality">carbon neutrality</a> by 2040.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTZero_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTZero-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, GM announced plans to establish an automotive battery and <a href="/wiki/Battery_pack" title="Battery pack">battery pack</a> laboratory in Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> GM will be responsible for battery management systems and power electronics, thermal management, as well as the pack assembly. An existing GM facility at Brownstown Township was chosen to be upgraded as a battery pack plant.<sup id="cite_ref-RSC_135-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RSC-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> LG Chem's U.S. subsidiary, Compact Power of <a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a>, Michigan, has been building the prototype packs for the development vehicles and will continue to provide integration support and acting as a liaison for the program.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mid-2023, GM abandoned its goal of North American electric vehicle deliveries of 400,000 units from 2022 by mid-2024. It had previously set the timeline of by end of 2023. CEO Mary Barra pointed to failures in the scaling of battery module production while simultaneously blaming lack of consumer demand.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Motors and <a href="/wiki/LG_Chem" title="LG Chem">LG Chem</a> Ltd. have a long-term supply agreement. LG Chem Ltd. will provide GM with more than 500,000 tons of <a href="/wiki/Cathode" title="Cathode">cathode</a> materials for 24.7 trillion <a href="/wiki/South_Korean_won" title="South Korean won">won</a> (US$18.6 billion). Provided materials to the automaker will be enough for 5 million <a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2024, GM announced it would once again manufacture a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) while it aims to balance supply of battery electric vehicles with demand.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 15, 2024, GM announced that it would relocate its global headquarters from the Renaissance Center to the nearby <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Detroit" title="Hudson&#39;s Detroit">Hudson's Detroit</a> development in 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2024, General Motors increased its investment in lithium production by raising its commitment to Canadian mining company Lithium Americas from $650 million to $945 million.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="US$ or CA$ ? (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> The investment establishes a joint venture with Lithium Americas to develop the Thacker Pass mine in Nevada, one of the largest known lithium resources in the United States, positioning GM to meet growing demand for EVs by reducing dependency on foreign lithium sources.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorsports_history">Motorsports history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Motorsports history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC8983_(51577943248).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg/260px-DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg/390px-DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg/520px-DSC8983_%2851577943248%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8256" data-file-height="5504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvette_C8.R" title="Chevrolet Corvette C8.R">Chevrolet Corvette C8.R</a> in the <a href="/wiki/IMSA_SportsCar_Championship" title="IMSA SportsCar Championship">IMSA SportsCar Championship</a></figcaption></figure> <p>GM participated in the <a href="/wiki/World_Touring_Car_Championship" title="World Touring Car Championship">World Touring Car Championship</a> (WTCC) from 2004 to 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and has also participated in other motorsport championships, including <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SCCA" class="mw-redirect" title="SCCA">SCCA</a><sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Supercars_Championship" title="Supercars Championship">Supercars Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>GM's engines were successful in the <a href="/wiki/Indy_Racing_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Indy Racing League">Indy Racing League</a> (IRL) throughout the 1990s, winning many races in the small <a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> class. GM has also done much work in the <a href="/wiki/Development_of_electronics_for_GM_auto_racing" title="Development of electronics for GM auto racing">development of electronics for GM auto racing</a>. An unmodified Aurora V8 in the Aerotech captured 47 world records, including the record for speed endurance in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America. Recently, the <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadillac V-Series">Cadillac V-Series</a> has entered motorsports racing. </p><p>GM has also designed cars specifically for use in <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> auto racing. The <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Camaro" title="Chevrolet Camaro">Chevrolet Camaro</a> ZL1 is the only entry in the series.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the past, the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Grand_Prix" title="Pontiac Grand Prix">Pontiac Grand Prix</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Buick_Regal" title="Buick Regal">Buick Regal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_Cutlass" title="Oldsmobile Cutlass">Oldsmobile Cutlass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Lumina" title="Chevrolet Lumina">Chevrolet Lumina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Malibu" title="Chevrolet Malibu">Chevrolet Malibu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Monte_Carlo" title="Chevrolet Monte Carlo">Chevrolet Monte Carlo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala" title="Chevrolet Impala">Chevrolet Impala</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_SS" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevrolet SS">Chevrolet SS</a> were also used. GM has won many <a href="/wiki/NASCAR_Cup_Series" title="NASCAR Cup Series">NASCAR Cup Series</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASCAR_Manufacturers%27_champions" title="List of NASCAR Manufacturers&#39; champions">manufacturer's championships</a>, including 40 with Chevrolet,<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the most of any make in <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> history, 3 with Oldsmobile, 2 with Buick, and 1 with Pontiac. In 2021, Chevrolet became the first brand to reach 800 wins.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Australia, <a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> cars based on the <a href="/wiki/Holden_Monaro" title="Holden Monaro">Monaro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holden_Torana" title="Holden Torana">Torana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holden_Commodore" title="Holden Commodore">Commodore</a> platforms raced in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Touring_Car_Championship" title="Australian Touring Car Championship">Australian Touring Car Championship</a> until <a href="/wiki/2022_Supercars_Championship" title="2022 Supercars Championship">2022</a>. Holden won the <a href="/wiki/Bathurst_1000" title="Bathurst 1000">Bathurst 1000</a>, a record 36 times between <a href="/wiki/1968_Bathurst_500" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Bathurst 500">1968</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Bathurst_1000" title="2022 Bathurst 1000">2022</a> and the Australian Touring Car Championship 23 times.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From <a href="/wiki/2023_Supercars_Championship" title="2023 Supercars Championship">2023</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Camaro_(sixth_generation)" title="Chevrolet Camaro (sixth generation)">Chevrolet Camaro</a> will be raced.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Logo_evolution">Logo evolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Logo evolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Evolution of the GM logo through the years:<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 652px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gm_logo_1938.png" class="mw-file-description" title="1938–1964[177]"><img alt="1938–1964[177]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gm_logo_1938.png/73px-Gm_logo_1938.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gm_logo_1938.png/109px-Gm_logo_1938.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gm_logo_1938.png/145px-Gm_logo_1938.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="327" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1938–1964<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mark of Excellence (1964–2021)[177]"><img alt="Mark of Excellence (1964–2021)[177]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Motors_logo.svg/90px-General_Motors_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Motors_logo.svg/135px-General_Motors_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/General_Motors_logo.svg/180px-General_Motors_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Excellence" title="Mark of Excellence">Mark of Excellence</a> (1964–2021)<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_General_Motors.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2001–2021[177]"><img alt="2001–2021[177]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Logo_of_General_Motors.svg/90px-Logo_of_General_Motors.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Logo_of_General_Motors.svg/136px-Logo_of_General_Motors.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Logo_of_General_Motors.svg/181px-Logo_of_General_Motors.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="995" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2001–2021<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GM-actualizado.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2010–2021[177]"><img alt="2010–2021[177]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GM-actualizado.svg/90px-GM-actualizado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GM-actualizado.svg/135px-GM-actualizado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/GM-actualizado.svg/180px-GM-actualizado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010–2021<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2021 (gradient)[177]"><img alt="2021 (gradient)[177]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg/90px-General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg/135px-General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg/180px-General_Motors_2021_gloss.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="571" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2021 (gradient)<sup id="cite_ref-detnews_177-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-detnews-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Motors_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2021 (flat)[178]"><img alt="2021 (flat)[178]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/90px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/135px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/180px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2021 (flat)<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="2022 (wordmark)[179]"><img alt="2022 (wordmark)[179]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg/120px-General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg/180px-General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg/240px-General_motors_logo_with_wordmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2022 (wordmark)<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brands">Brands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Brands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50px">Origin </th> <th width="100px">Brand<sup id="cite_ref-brands_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brands-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Start<br />manufacturing </th> <th>Joined <br />GM </th> <th>Markets served today </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></td> <td>1911</td> <td>1911</td> <td>1918</td> <td>Americas, China, Middle East, CIS, South Korea, Philippines, Japan, Europe, Australasia </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1908</td> <td>China, North America </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></td> <td>1912</td> <td>1912</td> <td>1919</td> <td>North America, Middle East, South Korea, China,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Australasia<sup id="cite_ref-:0_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></td> <td>1902</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1909</td> <td>North America, Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea, Europe, Kazakhstan </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">CHN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>2010</td> <td>2010</td> <td>China </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">CHN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">Wuling</a></td> <td>2002</td> <td>2002</td> <td>2002</td> <td>China, Indonesia,<sup id="cite_ref-Otomotif_2023-11-20_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otomotif_2023-11-20-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vietnam,<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Thailand<sup id="cite_ref-Otomotif_2023-11-20_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Otomotif_2023-11-20-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="50px">Origin </th> <th width="120px">Brand<sup id="cite_ref-brands_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brands-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Founded </th> <th>Start<br />manufacturing </th> <th>Joined<br /> GM </th> <th width="px">Fate </th> <th>Defunct or sold </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Acadian_(automobile)" title="Acadian (automobile)">Acadian</a></td> <td>1962</td> <td>1962</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1987</td> <td>Until 1971 a Chevy II with <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> design accents, after 1976 a Chevette with Pontiac name and appearance. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">KOR</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alpheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheon">Alpheon</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>2010</td> <td>2010</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2015</td> <td>The only available model was based on the <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> LaCrosse </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/As%C3%BCna" title="Asüna">Asüna</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1992</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1994</td> <td>Composed of Suzuki, Isuzu and Toyota models. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_(automobile)" title="Beaumont (automobile)">Beaumont</a></td> <td>1966</td> <td>1966</td> <td>1966</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1969</td> <td>Canadian Chevelle with Pontiac design accents </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a></td> <td>1931</td> <td>1931</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1991</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>2022 </td> <td>2021 </td> <td>Merged into <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> </td> <td>2025 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a></td> <td>1905</td> <td>1905</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1915</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Electro_Motive_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Electro Motive Diesel">Electro Motive Diesel</a></td> <td>1922</td> <td>1924</td> <td>1930</td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/Progress_Rail" title="Progress Rail">Progress Rail</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>EMD still makes locomotives such as the <a href="/wiki/SD70ACe" class="mw-redirect" title="SD70ACe">SD70ACe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">KOR</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daewoo_Motors" title="Daewoo Motors">Daewoo</a></td> <td>1972</td> <td>1972</td> <td>1999</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2011</td> <td>Succeeded by <a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elmore_Manufacturing_Company" title="Elmore Manufacturing Company">Elmore</a></td> <td>1893</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1912</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1916</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Envoy_(automobile)" title="Envoy (automobile)">Envoy</a></td> <td>1959</td> <td>1959</td> <td>1959</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Imported Vauxhall and Bedford vehicles sold at Canadian <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> dealerships </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Viva#HA_Viva_(1963–1966))" title="Vauxhall Viva">Epic</a></td> <td>1964</td> <td>1964</td> <td>1964</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1970</td> <td>Imported Vauxhall models sold at Canadian Pontiac, Buick and <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> dealerships </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</a></td> <td>1989</td> <td>1989</td> <td>1989</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1997</td> <td>Composed of Suzuki, Isuzu and Toyota models. Sold through <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> dealerships. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">AUS</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a></td> <td>1856</td> <td>1908</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2020</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</a></td> <td>1992</td> <td>1992</td> <td>1998</td> <td>Discontinued as a division, brand name revived under <a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>Parent company <a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a>, formerly owned by AMC. Became independent after AMC and Renault merged in 1978. Name revived in 2021 for <a href="/wiki/GMC_Hummer_EV" title="GMC Hummer EV">GMC Hummer EV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a></td> <td>1927</td> <td>1927</td> <td>1927</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1940</td> <td>Companion brand for <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Little_(automobile)" title="Little (automobile)">Little</a></td> <td>1911</td> <td>1911</td> <td>1913</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1913</td> <td>Absorbed by <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> in 1913. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a></td> <td>1948</td> <td>1948</td> <td>1986</td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/Romano_Artioli" title="Romano Artioli">Romano Artioli</a></td> <td>1993</td> <td>Currently owned by <a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette (1)</a></td> <td>1909</td> <td>1909</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1912</td> <td>formerly Peninsular Motor Company. Based on <a href="/wiki/Rainier_Motor_Car_Company" title="Rainier Motor Car Company">Rainier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welch_Motor_Car_Company" title="Welch Motor Car Company">Welch</a> marques. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette (2)</a></td> <td>1929</td> <td>1929</td> <td>1929</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Companion brand for <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a> in 1928. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mason_Truck" title="Mason Truck">Mason</a></td> <td>1898</td> <td>1900</td> <td>1918</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1918</td> <td>Absorbed as sister division of <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> in 1915. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</a></td> <td>1907</td> <td>1907</td> <td>1918</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1942</td> <td>Canadian Buick-related, became the basis of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">General Motors Canada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a></td> <td>1907</td> <td>1907</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Dropped in favor of <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>1897</td> <td>1908</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2004</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">GER</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a></td> <td>1899</td> <td>1899</td> <td>1931</td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td>Currently owned by <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">CAN</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Passport_(automobile_dealership)" title="Passport (automobile dealership)">Passport</a></td> <td>1987</td> <td>1987</td> <td>1987</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1991</td> <td>Composed of Suzuki, Isuzu and Toyota models </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a></td> <td>1926</td> <td>1926</td> <td>1926</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2010</td> <td>Started as companion brand for <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rainier_Motor_Car_Company" title="Rainier Motor Car Company">Rainier</a></td> <td>1905</td> <td>1905</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1911</td> <td>Restructured after its 1909 acquisition, as Marquette Motor Company. 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</td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">RSA</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranger_(automobile)" title="Ranger (automobile)">Ranger</a></td> <td>1968</td> <td>1968</td> <td>1968</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1978</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Motor_Vehicle_Company" title="Rapid Motor Vehicle Company">Rapid</a></td> <td>1902</td> <td>1902</td> <td>1909</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1912</td> <td>Consolidated into what would become <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">SWE</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a></td> <td>1945</td> <td>1949</td> <td>1990</td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/Spyker_N.V." class="mw-redirect" title="Spyker N.V.">Spyker N.V.</a></td> <td>2010</td> <td>Company defunct in 2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a></td> <td>1985</td> <td>1990</td> <td>1985</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>2010</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</a></td> <td>1913</td> <td>1913</td> <td>1916</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1923</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1920</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1921</td> <td>Was the technically the first car developed by General Motors </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">AUS</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Statesman_(automobile)" title="Statesman (automobile)">Statesman</a></td> <td>1971</td> <td>1971</td> <td>1971</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1984</td> <td>Division of <a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a></td> <td>1903</td> <td>1903</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Sold to <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a></td> <td>2017</td> <td>Currently owned by <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</a></td> <td>1929</td> <td>1929</td> <td>1929</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1930</td> <td>Started as companion brand for <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Welch_Motor_Car_Company" title="Welch Motor Car Company">Welch</a></td> <td>1901</td> <td>1901</td> <td>1910</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1911</td> <td>Brand shuttered shortly after purchase. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winton_Motor_Carriage_Company" title="Winton Motor Carriage Company">Winton</a></td> <td>1897</td> <td>1897</td> <td>1930</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1962</td> <td>Reorganized as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winton_Engine_Corporation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Winton Engine Corporation (page does not exist)">Winton Engine Corporation</a>. Merged into GM's <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Diesel_Engine_Division" title="Cleveland Diesel Engine Division">Cleveland Diesel Engine Division</a> in 1938. Folded into <a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Diesel</a> in 1962. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Cab_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company">Yellow Cab</a></td> <td>1920</td> <td>1920</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1943</td> <td>Absorbed into <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a></td> <td>1923</td> <td>1923</td> <td>1925</td> <td>Discontinued</td> <td>1943</td> <td>Absorbed into <a href="/wiki/GMC_(automobile)" title="GMC (automobile)">GMC</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_trends">Business trends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Business trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The key trends for GM are (as of the financial year ending December 31):<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Revenue<br />(US$ bn) </th> <th>Net profit<br />(US$ bn) </th> <th>Total assets<br />(US$ bn)<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Employees<br />(k)<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th>Car sales<br />worldwide (m)<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>149 </td> <td>9.2 </td> <td>221 </td> <td>225 </td> <td>10.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>145 </td> <td><span style="color:red;">−3.8</span> </td> <td>212 </td> <td>180 </td> <td>9.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>147 </td> <td>8.0 </td> <td>227 </td> <td>173 </td> <td>8.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>137 </td> <td>6.7 </td> <td>228 </td> <td>164 </td> <td>7.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>122 </td> <td>6.4 </td> <td>235 </td> <td>155 </td> <td>6.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>127 </td> <td>10.0 </td> <td>244 </td> <td>157 </td> <td>6.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>156 </td> <td>9.9 </td> <td>264 </td> <td>167 </td> <td>5.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>171 </td> <td>10.1 </td> <td>273 </td> <td>163 </td> <td>6.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vehicle_sales">Vehicle sales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Vehicle sales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Motors was the largest global automaker by annual vehicle sales for 77 consecutive years, from 1931, when it overtook <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, until 2008 when it was overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>. This reign was longer than any other automaker, and GM is still among the world's largest automakers by vehicle unit sales.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the third-largest individual country by sales was Brazil, with some 550,000 GM vehicles sold. In that year, Argentina, Colombia, and Venezuela sold another 300,000 GM vehicles, suggesting that the total GM sales in South America (including sales in other South American countries such as Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, etc.) in that year were at a similar level to sales in China.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In 2009, General Motors sold 6.5&#160;million cars and trucks globally; in 2010, it sold 8.39 million.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sales in China rose 66.9% in 2009 to 1,830,000 vehicles and accounting for 13.4% of the market.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, General Motors ranked second worldwide with 8.5 million vehicles produced.<sup id="cite_ref-OICA2010_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OICA2010-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2011, GM returned to the first place with 9.025 million units sold worldwide, corresponding to 11.9% <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market share</a> of the global <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a> industry. In 2010, vehicle sales in China by GM rose 28.8% to a record 2,351,610 units.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The top two markets in 2011 were China, with 2,547,203 units, and the United States, with 2,503,820 vehicles sold. The Chevrolet brand was the main contributor to GM performance, with 4.76 million vehicles sold around the world in 2011, a global sales record.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on global sales in 2012, General Motors was ranked among the world's largest automakers.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2012, GM recorded an 18.4% market share in the U.S. with stock imported.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Annual worldwide sales volume reached 10 million vehicles in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sales in India for April 2016 – March 2017 declined to 25,823 units from 32,540 the previous year and market share contracted from 1.17% to 0.85% for the same period. However, exports surged 89% during the same period to 70,969 units. GMTC-I, GM's technical center in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, India continued in operation. Weak product line-up and below par service quality were the reasons for the poor showing by GM in India that year.<sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Global Volt/Ampera family sales totalled about 177,000 units from its inception in December 2010 through 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-Top5Global102018_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Top5Global102018-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> including over 10,000 Opel/Vauxhall Amperas sold in Europe up to December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-LeafBest250K_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeafBest250K-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Volt family of vehicles ranked as the world's all-time top-selling <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in hybrid</a> as of September&#160;2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, and it is also the third best selling <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_electric_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Plug-in electric car">plug-in electric car</a> in history after the <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Leaf" title="Nissan Leaf">Nissan Leaf</a> (375,000) and the <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Model_S" title="Tesla Model S">Tesla Model S</a> (253,000), as of October&#160;2018<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-Top5Global102018_201-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Top5Global102018-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Chevrolet Volt is also the U.S. all-time top-selling plug-in electric car with 148,556 units delivered through October 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TopUS102018_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TopUS102018-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>GM worldwide 2008 vehicle sales<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />(thousands) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank<br />in GM </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Vehicle<br />sales </th> <th>Market<br />share (%) </th></tr> <tr> <th>1 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td align="right">2,981</td> <td align="right">22.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td align="right">1,095</td> <td align="right">12.0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td align="right">549</td> <td align="right">19.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td align="right">384</td> <td align="right">15.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td align="right">359</td> <td align="right">21.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td align="right">338</td> <td align="right">11.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td align="right">300</td> <td align="right">8.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td align="right">212</td> <td align="right">19.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td align="right">133</td> <td align="right">13.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td align="right">117</td> <td align="right">9.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td align="right">114</td> <td align="right">4.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td align="right">107</td> <td align="right">7.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th>13 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td align="right">95</td> <td align="right">15.5% </td></tr> <tr> <th>14 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></td> <td align="right">91</td> <td align="right">33.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th>15 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></td> <td align="right">80</td> <td align="right">36.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th>16 </th> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td align="right">66</td> <td align="right">3.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>U.S. sales<br />(vehicles) </th> <th>Chg/yr. </th></tr> <tr> <td>1998<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,603,991 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>5,017,150 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>9.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,953,163 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td>4,904,015 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td>4,858,705 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td>4,756,403 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,707,416 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>4,517,730 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>4.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4,124,645 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>8.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,866,620 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>6.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,980,688 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>22.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,084,492 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>30.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,215,227 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>6.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,503,820 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>13.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>2,595,717 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>3.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,786,078 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>7.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,935,008 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>5.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3,082,366 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>5.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>3,042,773 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>3,002,241 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>2,954,037 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>1.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,887,046 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,547,339 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>11.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-GMsales2023_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMsales2023-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,218,228 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>12.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022<sup id="cite_ref-GMsales2023_221-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMsales2023-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,274,088 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>2.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2,594,698 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span>14.1% </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>GM worldwide 2019 vehicle sales<sup id="cite_ref-2019globalSales_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2019globalSales-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Location </th> <th>Total sales </th> <th>Year-On-Year<br />change </th> <th>Year-On-Year<br />change (%) </th></tr> <tr> <td>GM North America</td> <td align="right">3,367,374</td> <td align="right">(122,740)</td> <td align="right">(3.5) </td></tr> <tr> <td>GM Europe</td> <td align="right">3,590</td> <td align="right">(266)</td> <td align="right">(6.9) </td></tr> <tr> <td>GM South America</td> <td align="right">668,842</td> <td align="right">(21,355)</td> <td align="right">(3.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>GM International</td> <td align="right">584,520</td> <td align="right">28,033</td> <td align="right">5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td align="right">3,093,604</td> <td align="right">(551,440)</td> <td align="right">(15.1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td align="right">7,717,930</td> <td align="right">(667,768)</td> <td align="right">(8.0) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management">Management</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Current_board_of_directors">Current board of directors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Current board of directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable members of the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a> of the company are as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-10K_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10K-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a>, Chairman and CEO of General Motors</li><li>Joseph Ashton, former Vice President of the International Union at <a href="/wiki/United_Automobile_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Automobile Workers">United Automobile Workers</a></li><li>Linda Gooden, former Vice President of Information Systems and Global Solutions at <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jimenez" title="Joseph Jimenez">Joseph Jimenez</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Novartis" title="Novartis">Novartis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Mendillo" title="Jane Mendillo">Jane Mendillo</a>, former President and CEO at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Management_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Management Company">Harvard Management Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Mulva" title="James Mulva">James Mulva</a>, former CEO, President, and Chairman at <a href="/wiki/ConocoPhillips" title="ConocoPhillips">ConocoPhillips</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Russo" title="Patricia Russo">Patricia Russo</a>, CEO of <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">Hewlett Packard Enterprise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Schoewe" title="Thomas Schoewe">Thomas Schoewe</a>, former CFO of <a href="/wiki/Wal-Mart_Stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Wal-Mart Stores">Wal-Mart Stores</a></li><li>Theodore Solso, former CEO and Chairman of <a href="/wiki/Cummins_(corporation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cummins (corporation)">Cummins</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Stephenson" title="Carol Stephenson">Carol Stephenson</a>, former dean at <a href="/wiki/Ivey_Business_School" title="Ivey Business School">Ivey Business School</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Devin_Wenig" title="Devin Wenig">Devin Wenig</a>, former President and CEO of <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jon_McNeill" title="Jon McNeill">Jon McNeill</a>, CEO of DVx Ventures LLC</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chairmen_of_the_Board_of_General_Motors">Chairmen of the Board of General Motors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Chairmen of the Board of General Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Neal_(industrialist)" title="Thomas Neal (industrialist)">Thomas Neal</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 19, 1912 – November 16, 1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_S._du_Pont" title="Pierre S. du Pont">Pierre S. du Pont</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 16, 1915 – February 7, 1929</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammot_du_Pont_II" title="Lammot du Pont II">Lammot du Pont II</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;February 7, 1929 – May 3, 1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred P. Sloan Jr.">Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;May 3, 1937 – April 2, 1956</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Bradley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Bradley (page does not exist)">Albert Bradley</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;April 2, 1956 – August 31, 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_G._Donner" title="Frederic G. Donner">Frederic G. Donner</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;September 1, 1958 – October 31, 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roche_(General_Motors)" title="James Roche (General Motors)">James M. Roche</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 1, 1967 – December 31, 1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Gerstenberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard C. Gerstenberg (page does not exist)">Richard C. Gerstenberg</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 1 – November 30, 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(chairman)" title="Thomas Murphy (chairman)">Thomas A. Murphy</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;December 1, 1974 – December 31, 1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_(executive)" title="Roger Smith (executive)">Roger B. Smith</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 1, 1981 – July 31, 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Stempel" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Stempel">Robert C. Stempel</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;August 1, 1990 – November 1, 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Smale" title="John G. Smale">John G. Smale</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 2, 1992 – December 31, 1995</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Smith_Jr." title="John F. Smith Jr.">John F. Smith Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 1, 1996 – April 30, 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Wagoner" title="Rick Wagoner">Rick Wagoner</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;May 1, 2003 – March 30, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Kresa" title="Kent Kresa">Kent Kresa</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;March 30 – July 10, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Whitacre_Jr." title="Edward Whitacre Jr.">Edward Whitacre Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;July 10, 2009 – December 31, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akerson" title="Daniel Akerson">Daniel Akerson</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;December 31, 2010 – January 15, 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Solso" title="Tim Solso">Tim Solso</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 15, 2014 – January 4, 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 4, 2016 – Present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chief_Executive_Officers_of_General_Motors">Chief Executive Officers of General Motors</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Chief Executive Officers of General Motors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred P. Sloan Jr.">Alfred P. Sloan Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;May 10, 1923 – June 3, 1946</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Erwin_Wilson" title="Charles Erwin Wilson">Charles Erwin Wilson</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;June 3, 1946 – January 26, 1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_H._Curtice" class="mw-redirect" title="Harlow H. Curtice">Harlow H. Curtice</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;February 2, 1953 – August 31, 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Roche_(General_Motors)" title="James Roche (General Motors)">James M. Roche</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 1, 1967 – December 31, 1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_C._Gerstenberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard C. Gerstenberg (page does not exist)">Richard C. Gerstenberg</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 1, 1972 – November 30, 1974</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Murphy_(chairman)" title="Thomas Murphy (chairman)">Thomas A. Murphy</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;December 1, 1974 – December 31, 1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_(executive)" title="Roger Smith (executive)">Roger B. Smith</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 1, 1981 – July 31, 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Stempel" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Stempel">Robert C. Stempel</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;August 1, 1990 – November 1, 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Smith_Jr." title="John F. Smith Jr.">John F. Smith Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;November 2, 1992 – May 31, 2000</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Wagoner" title="Rick Wagoner">Rick Wagoner</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;June 1, 2000 – March 30, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Henderson" title="Frederick Henderson">Frederick Henderson</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;March 30 – December 1, 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Whitacre_Jr." title="Edward Whitacre Jr.">Edward Whitacre Jr.</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;December 1, 2009 – September 1, 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akerson" title="Daniel Akerson">Daniel Akerson</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;September 1, 2010 – January 15, 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;January 15, 2014 – Present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philanthropy">Philanthropy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Philanthropy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1976 until 2017, philanthropic activity was carried out via the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Foundation" title="General Motors Foundation">General Motors Foundation</a>, a 501(c)(3) foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>General Motors has a close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Conservancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Conservancy">Nature Conservancy</a> and has fundraised for and donated cash and vehicles to the charity.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 1997, GM has been a source of funding for <a href="/wiki/Safe_Kids_Worldwide" title="Safe Kids Worldwide">Safe Kids Worldwide</a>'s "Safe Kids Buckle Up" program, an initiative to ensure child automobile safety through education and inspection.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labor_conflicts">Labor conflicts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Labor conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Motors' American workers are unionized generally under the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a> (UAW), which is the primary auto workers union in the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flint_sit-down_strike">Flint sit-down strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Flint sit-down strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flint_sit-down_strike" title="Flint sit-down strike">Flint sit-down strike</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg/220px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg/330px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg/440px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_sleeping.jpg 2x" data-file-width="951" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption>Young striker off sentry duty sleeping on the assembly line of auto seats</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1936–1937 <a href="/wiki/Flint_sit-down_strike" title="Flint sit-down strike">Flint sit-down strike</a> against General Motors changed the UAW from a collection of isolated <a href="/wiki/Local_union" title="Local union">local unions</a> on the fringes of the industry into a major <a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">labor union</a> and led to the unionization of the domestic United States <a href="/wiki/Automobile_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile industry">automobile industry</a>. </p><p>After the first convention of UAW in 1936, the union decided that it could not survive by piecemeal <a href="/wiki/Organizing_(management)" title="Organizing (management)">organizing</a> campaigns at smaller plants, as it had in the past, but that it could organize the automobile industry only by going after its biggest and most powerful employer, General Motors, focusing on GM's production complex in Flint, Michigan. </p><p>Organizing in Flint was a difficult and dangerous plan. GM controlled city politics in Flint and kept a close eye on outsiders. According to <a href="/wiki/Wyndham_Mortimer" title="Wyndham Mortimer">Wyndham Mortimer</a>, the UAW officer put in charge of the organizing campaign in Flint, he received a death threat by an anonymous caller when he visited Flint in 1936. GM also maintained an extensive network of spies throughout its plants. This forced UAW members to keep the names of new members secret and meeting workers at their homes. </p><p>As the UAW studied its target, it discovered that GM had only two factories that produced the <a href="/wiki/Die_(manufacturing)" title="Die (manufacturing)">dies</a> from which car body components were stamped: one in Flint that produced the parts for <a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiacs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobiles</a>, and another in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a> that produced <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> parts. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg/220px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg/330px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg/440px-Flint_Sit-Down_Strike_National_Guard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="716" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/US_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Guard">National Guardsmen</a> with machine guns overlooking Chevrolet factories number nine and number four</figcaption></figure> <p>While the UAW called for a sit-down strike in Flint, the police, armed with guns and tear gas, attempted to enter the Fisher Body 2 plant on January 11, 1937. The strikers inside the plant pelted them with hinges, bottles, and bolts. At the time, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">John Nance Garner</a> supported federal intervention to break up the Flint Strike, but this idea was rejected by <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>. The president urged GM to distinguish a union so the plants could re-open. The strike ended after 44 days. </p><p>That development forced GM to bargain with the union. <a href="/wiki/John_L._Lewis" title="John L. Lewis">John L. Lewis</a>, President of the <a href="/wiki/United_Mine_Workers" class="mw-redirect" title="United Mine Workers">United Mine Workers</a> and founder and leader of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, spoke for the UAW in those negotiations; UAW President <a href="/wiki/Homer_Martin_(labor_leader)" title="Homer Martin (labor leader)">Homer Martin</a> was sent on a speaking tour to keep him out of the way. GM's representatives refused to be in the same room as the UAW, so Governor <a href="/wiki/Frank_Murphy" title="Frank Murphy">Frank Murphy</a> acted as a courier and <a href="/wiki/Mediation" title="Mediation">intermediary</a> between the two groups. Governor Murphy sent in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Guard">U.S. National Guard</a> not to evict the strikers but rather to protect them from the police and corporate <a href="/wiki/Strike-breaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike-breaker">strike-breakers</a>. The two parties finally reached an agreement on February 11, 1937, on a one-page agreement that recognized the UAW as the exclusive bargaining representative for GM's employees, who were union members for the next six months.<sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939">Tool and die strike of 1939</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: Tool and die strike of 1939"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939" title="Tool and die strike of 1939">Tool and die strike of 1939</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tool_and_die_strike_of_1939" title="Tool and die strike of 1939">tool and die strike of 1939</a>, also known as the "strategy strike", was an ultimately successful attempt by the UAW to be recognized as the sole representative for General Motors workers. In addition to representation rights, the UAW, working jointly with the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations" title="Congress of Industrial Organizations">Congress of Industrial Organizations</a> (CIO), sought to resolve existing grievances of skilled workers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945–1946"><span id="United_Auto_Workers_.28UAW.29_strike_of_1945.E2.80.931946"></span>United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1945-46_United_Auto_Workers_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1945-46 United Auto Workers strike">1945-46 United Auto Workers strike</a></div> <p>From November 21, 1945, until March 13, 1946, (113 days) the UAW organized "320,000 hourly workers" to form a US-wide strike against the <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Corporation">General Motors Corporation</a>, workers used the tactic of the <a href="/wiki/Sit_down_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Sit down strike">sit down strike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnard_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnard-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was "the longest strike against a major manufacturer" that the UAW had yet seen, and it was also "the longest national GM strike in its history".<sup id="cite_ref-Barnard_229-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnard-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As director of the UAW's General Motors Department (coordinator of union relations with GM),<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Reuther" title="Walter Reuther">Walter Reuther</a> suggested to his colleagues the idea of striking the GM manufacturing plants with a 'one-at-a-time' strategy, which was "intended to maximize pressure on the target company".<sup id="cite_ref-Barnard_229-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnard-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Reuther also put forth the demands of the strikers: a 30 percent increase in wages and a hold on product prices. However, the strike ended with the dissatisfaction of Walter Reuther and the UAW, and the workers received only a 17.5-percent increase in wages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007_General_Motors_strike">2007 General Motors strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: 2007 General Motors strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 General Motors strike</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 General Motors strike</a> was a strike from September 24 to 26, 2007, by the UAW against General Motors. </p><p>On September 24, 2007, General Motors workers represented by the UAW union went on strike against the company. The first US-wide strike against GM since 1970 was expected to idle 59 plants and facilities for an indefinite period of time. Talks broke down after more than 20 straight days of bargaining failed to produce a new contract. Major issues that proved to be stumbling blocks for an agreement included wages, benefits, job security and investments in US facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two car assembly plants in <a href="/wiki/Oshawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Oshawa, Ontario">Oshawa, Ontario</a> and a transmission facility in <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a> closed on September 25. However, on September 26, a tentative agreement was reached, and the strike's end was announced by UAW officials in a news conference at 4 a.m.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the following day, all GM workers in both countries were back to work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_General_Motors_strike">2019 General Motors strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: 2019 General Motors strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2019_General_Motors_strike" title="2019 General Motors strike">2019 General Motors strike</a></div> <p>On the morning of September 15, 2019, after talks broke down to renew their contract, which expired earlier that day, the UAW announced that GM employees would begin striking at 11:59 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-235" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This strike shut down operations in nine states, including 33 manufacturing plants and 22 parts distribution warehouses.<sup id="cite_ref-236" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After 40 days, on October 25, 2019, the "longest strike by autoworkers in a decade" and the longest against GM since 1970 came to an end when United Auto Workers members voted to approve a new contract with GM. Striking <a href="/wiki/Labor_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Union">labor union</a> members received a $275 a week strike pay salary for the duration of the strike.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The strike cost GM more than $2 billion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike">2023 United Auto Workers strike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: 2023 United Auto Workers strike"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2023_United_Auto_Workers_strike" title="2023 United Auto Workers strike">2023 United Auto Workers strike</a></div> <p>The ongoing strike launched by the UAW is the first strike against all three major American automakers in history. Then-recently elected UAW president <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Fain" title="Shawn Fain">Shawn Fain</a> stated that he was "fed up" with the current situation between workers and automakers; Fain specifically blasted the tiered workers system at automakers, failure for automakers to keep wages up with inflation, pensions, as well as the introduction of a <a href="/wiki/Four-day_workweek" title="Four-day workweek">four-day workweek</a> as opposed to the five-day workweek. GM CEO <a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a> protested that her company offered an "unprecedented deal" which gave workers 20% raises as well as "world-class" healthcare. Barra further stated that meeting all 1,000 plus demands would bankrupt the company and cost over $100 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Criticism_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-criticism" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criticism#Avoid_sections_and_articles_focusing_on_criticisms_or_controversies" title="Wikipedia:Criticism">"criticism" or "controversy" section</a> <b>may compromise the article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Article_structure" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">through discussion</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:General_Motors" title="Talk:General Motors">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streetcar_conspiracy">Streetcar conspiracy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section: Streetcar conspiracy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy" title="General Motors streetcar conspiracy">General Motors streetcar conspiracy</a></div> <p>Between 1938 and 1950, GM allegedly deliberately monopolized the sale of buses and supplies to <a href="/wiki/National_City_Lines" title="National City Lines">National City Lines</a> (NCL) and its subsidiaries, in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Antitrust_Act_of_1890" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890">Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890</a>, intending to dismantle <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">streetcar</a> systems in many cities in the United States and make buses, sold by GM, the dominant form of <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ralph_Nader_and_the_Corvair">Ralph Nader and the Corvair</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section: Ralph Nader and the Corvair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960-63_Corvair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/1960-63_Corvair.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="90" /></a><figcaption>1961–63 Corvair swing-axle rear suspension</figcaption></figure> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Unsafe_at_Any_Speed:_The_Designed-In_Dangers_of_the_American_Automobile" title="Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile">Unsafe at Any Speed: The Designed-In Dangers of the American Automobile</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a>, published in 1965, is a book accusing <a href="/wiki/Car_manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="Car manufacturers">car manufacturers</a> of being slow to introduce <a href="/wiki/Safety" title="Safety">safety</a> features and reluctant to spend money on improving safety. It relates to the first models of the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvair" title="Chevrolet Corvair">Chevrolet Corvair</a> (1960–1964) that had a <a href="/wiki/Swing_axle" title="Swing axle">swing axle</a> suspension design that was prone to 'tuck under' in certain circumstances. To compensate for the removal of a front stabilizer bar (anti-roll bar) as a cost-cutting measure, Corvairs required <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">tire</a> pressures that were outside of the tire manufacturer's recommended tolerances. The Corvair relied on an unusually high front to rear pressure differential (15 psi front, 26 psi rear, when cold; 18 psi and 30 psi hot), and if one inflated the tires equally, as was standard practice for all other cars at the time, the result was dangerous over-steer.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early March 1966, several media outlets, including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, alleged that GM had tried to discredit <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a>, hiring private detectives to tap his phones and investigate his past, and hiring prostitutes to trap him in compromising situations.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nader sued the company for <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_privacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of privacy">invasion of privacy</a> and settled the case for $425,000. Nader's lawsuit against GM was ultimately decided by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Court_of_Appeals" title="New York Court of Appeals">New York Court of Appeals</a>, whose opinion in the case expanded <a href="/wiki/Tort_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Tort law">tort law</a> to cover "overzealous surveillance".<sup id="cite_ref-243" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nader used the proceeds from the lawsuit to start the pro-consumer Center for Study of Responsive Law. </p><p>A 1972 safety commission report conducted by <a href="/wiki/Texas_A%26M_University" title="Texas A&amp;M University">Texas A&amp;M University</a> concluded that the 1960–1963 Corvair possessed no greater potential for loss of control than its contemporary competitors in extreme situations.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">United States Department of Transportation</a> (DOT) issued a press release in 1972 describing the findings of <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">NHTSA</a> testing from the previous year. NHTSA conducted a series of comparative tests in 1971 studying the handling of the 1963 Corvair and four contemporary cars&#160;&#8211;&#32;a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Ford Falcon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Valiant" title="Plymouth Valiant">Plymouth Valiant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renault_Dauphine" title="Renault Dauphine">Renault Dauphine</a>&#160;&#8211;&#32;along with a second-generation Corvair (with its completely redesigned, independent rear suspension). The 143-page report reviewed NHTSA's extreme-condition handling tests, national crash-involvement data for the cars in the test as well as General Motors' internal documentation regarding the Corvair's handling.<sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>NHTSA went on to contract an independent advisory panel of engineers to review the tests. This review panel concluded that 'the 1960–63 Corvair compares favorably with contemporary vehicles used in the tests ... the handling and stability performance of the 1960–63 Corvair does not result in an abnormal potential for loss of control or rollover, and it is at least as good as the performance of some contemporary vehicles both foreign and domestic'.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In 1980, former GM executive <a href="/wiki/John_DeLorean" title="John DeLorean">John DeLorean</a> wrote in his book <i>On a Clear Day You Can See General Motors</i> that Nader's criticisms were valid.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Journalist <a href="/wiki/David_E._Davis" title="David E. Davis">David E. Davis</a> said that despite Nader's claim that swing-axle rear suspension were dangerous, <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> all used similar swing-axle concepts during that era.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apartheid">Apartheid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Edit section: Apartheid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, GM (along with other multinational corporations) was sued by a group of South Africans represented by the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khulumani" class="extiw" title="de:Khulumani">Khulumani Support Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The plaintiffs alleged that the company provided vehicles to the South African security forces during the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a>. The company settled with the plaintiffs in 2012, agreeing to pay a sum of up to $1.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ignition_switch_recall">Ignition switch recall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Edit section: Ignition switch recall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_ignition_switch_recalls" title="General Motors ignition switch recalls">General Motors ignition switch recalls</a></div> <p>In May 2014, the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a> fined the company $35 million for failing to recall cars with faulty ignition switches for a decade, despite knowing there was a problem with the switches. General Motors paid compensation for 124 deaths linked to the faulty switches.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The $35 million fine was the maximum the regulator could impose.<sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The total cost of the recall was estimated to be $1.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-shell_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shell-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As well as the Cobalts, the switches of concern had been installed in many other cars, such as the Pontiac G5, the Saturn Ion, the Chevrolet HHR, the Saturn Sky, and Pontiac Solstice. The recall involved about 2.6 million GM cars worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-252" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forced_Uyghur_labor">Forced Uyghur labor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Edit section: Forced Uyghur labor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a> accused at least 82 major brands, including General Motors, of being connected to forced <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> labor in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sale_of_driver_data_to_insurance_companies">Sale of driver data to insurance companies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Edit section: Sale of driver data to insurance companies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>General Motors has come under criticism for collecting highly detailed driver data and selling the personal information to insurance companies without consumers' consent or knowledge. Texas Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a> sued General Motors on August 13, 2024, alleging that General Motors sold the information to at least two companies, <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Verisk_Analytics" title="Verisk Analytics">Verisk Analytics</a>, who then sold the information to insurance companies.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35" title="Edit section: 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Motors factories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_platforms" title="List of General Motors platforms">List of General Motors platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_transmissions" title="List of GM transmissions">List of GM transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Council_for_Automotive_Research" title="United States Council for Automotive Research">United States Council for Automotive Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freon" title="Freon">Freon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Climate_Coalition" title="Global Climate Coalition">Global Climate Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_Corporation" title="Ethyl Corporation">Ethyl Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant Motors</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icis.corp.delaware.gov/ecorp/entitysearch/namesearch.aspx">"Department of State, Division of Corporations (General Information Name Search)"</a>. 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February 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Diane Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-3080-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4379-3080-1"><bdi>978-1-4379-3080-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Unique+Treatment+of+General+Motors+Acceptance+Corp.+%28GMAC%29+Under+the+TARP&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4379-3080-1&amp;rft.aulast=Warren&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvqb8SDu4pv0C%26pg%3DPA12&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.automotivehalloffame.org/honoree/alfred-p-sloan-jr/">"Alfred P. 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href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2014/05/16/oldsmobiles-hydra-matic-first-mass-produced-fully-automatic-transmission-turns-75">"Oldsmobile's Hydra-Matic, first mass-produced fully automatic transmission, turns 75"</a>. <i>Hemmings Motor News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hemmings+Motor+News&amp;rft.atitle=Oldsmobile%27s+Hydra-Matic%2C+first+mass-produced+fully+automatic+transmission%2C+turns+75&amp;rft.date=2014-05-16&amp;rft.aulast=Strohl&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2014%2F05%2F16%2Foldsmobiles-hydra-matic-first-mass-produced-fully-automatic-transmission-turns-75&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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cs1">Dobbs, Michael (November 30, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/nov98/nazicars30.htm">"Ford and GM Scrutinized for Alleged Nazi Collaboration"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Ford+and+GM+Scrutinized+for+Alleged+Nazi+Collaboration&amp;rft.date=1998-11-30&amp;rft.aulast=Dobbs&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Fnational%2Fdaily%2Fnov98%2Fnazicars30.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/08/08/archives/general-motors-moves-to-enter-field-of-offroad-heavy-trucks-offers.html">"General Motors Moves to Enter Field of Off-Road Heavy Trucks; Offers an Exchange of Stock to the Holders of Shares of Euclid Machinery Co"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 8, 1953.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=General+Motors+Moves+to+Enter+Field+of+Off-Road+Heavy+Trucks%3B+Offers+an+Exchange+of+Stock+to+the+Holders+of+Shares+of+Euclid+Machinery+Co.&amp;rft.date=1953-08-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F08%2F08%2Farchives%2Fgeneral-motors-moves-to-enter-field-of-offroad-heavy-trucks-offers.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry2014" class="citation web cs1">Berry, Tom (February 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.constructionequipment.com/tangled-web-euclid-and-terex-truck-history">"The Tangled Web of Euclid and Terex Truck History"</a>. <i>Construction Equipment</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Construction+Equipment&amp;rft.atitle=The+Tangled+Web+of+Euclid+and+Terex+Truck+History&amp;rft.date=2014-02-04&amp;rft.aulast=Berry&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constructionequipment.com%2Ftangled-web-euclid-and-terex-truck-history&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/04/03/archives/sloan-80-retires-as-gm-chairman-principals-in-general-motors-shift.html">"Sloan, 80, Retires as G.M. Chairman; Principals in General Motors Shift"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 3, 1956.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Sloan%2C+80%2C+Retires+as+G.M.+Chairman%3B+Principals+in+General+Motors+Shift&amp;rft.date=1956-04-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F04%2F03%2Farchives%2Fsloan-80-retires-as-gm-chairman-principals-in-general-motors-shift.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurchgott2021" class="citation news cs1">Furchgott, Roy (August 26, 2021). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/26/business/turbocharged-cars-jetfire-corvair.html">"How G.M.'s First Turbo Engines Crashed and Burned"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=How+G.M.%27s+First+Turbo+Engines+Crashed+and+Burned&amp;rft.date=2021-08-26&amp;rft.aulast=Furchgott&amp;rft.aufirst=Roy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F08%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Fturbocharged-cars-jetfire-corvair.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Motor_Trend-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Motor_Trend_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Motor_Trend_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFink2021" class="citation web cs1">Fink, Greg (January 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motortrend.com/news/gm-logo-redesign/">"General Motors Redesigns Its Iconic "GM" Logo for the EV Era"</a>. <i>Motor Trend</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Motor+Trend&amp;rft.atitle=General+Motors+Redesigns+Its+Iconic+%22GM%22+Logo+for+the+EV+Era&amp;rft.date=2021-01-08&amp;rft.aulast=Fink&amp;rft.aufirst=Greg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motortrend.com%2Fnews%2Fgm-logo-redesign%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLéon2008" class="citation book cs1">Léon, Aline (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JuGJHXj_jcwC&amp;pg=PA287"><i>Hydrogen Technology: Mobile and Portable Applications</i></a>. Springer Science+Business Media. p.&#160;287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540699255" title="Special:BookSources/9783540699255"><bdi>9783540699255</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=JuGJHXj_jcwC&amp;pg=PA287">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hydrogen+Technology%3A+Mobile+and+Portable+Applications&amp;rft.pages=287&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=9783540699255&amp;rft.aulast=L%C3%A9on&amp;rft.aufirst=Aline&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJuGJHXj_jcwC%26pg%3DPA287&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/gm-electrovan.htm">"1966 GM Electrovan – First Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle"</a>. <i>Hydrogencarsnow.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203053316/http://www.hydrogencarsnow.com/gm-electrovan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hydrogencarsnow.com&amp;rft.atitle=1966+GM+Electrovan+%E2%80%93+First+Hydrogen+Fuel+Cell+Vehicle&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydrogencarsnow.com%2Fgm-electrovan.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTruett2002" class="citation news cs1">Truett, Richard (September 16, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autonews.com/article/20020916/SUB/209160740/fuel-cell-expert-takes-the-long-view">"Fuel cell expert takes the long view"</a>. <i>Automotive News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181214121331/https://www.autonews.com/article/20020916/SUB/209160740/fuel-cell-expert-takes-the-long-view">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Automotive+News&amp;rft.atitle=Fuel+cell+expert+takes+the+long+view&amp;rft.date=2002-09-16&amp;rft.aulast=Truett&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20020916%2FSUB%2F209160740%2Ffuel-cell-expert-takes-the-long-view&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mercurynews.com/2007/06/15/gm-executive-says-hydrogen-powered-cars-could-be-on-road-in-several-test-markets-in-6-years/">"GM executive says hydrogen-powered cars could be on road in several test markets in 6 years"</a>. <i>Mercury News</i>. Associated Press. June 15, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308151320/http://www.mercurynews.com/2007/06/15/gm-executive-says-hydrogen-powered-cars-could-be-on-road-in-several-test-markets-in-6-years/">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mercury+News&amp;rft.atitle=GM+executive+says+hydrogen-powered+cars+could+be+on+road+in+several+test+markets+in+6+years&amp;rft.date=2007-06-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2007%2F06%2F15%2Fgm-executive-says-hydrogen-powered-cars-could-be-on-road-in-several-test-markets-in-6-years%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.conklinsystems.com/firebird/mlife.php">"America's First Turbine Car"</a>. Conklin Systems. November 21, 1952. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927183610/http://www.conklinsystems.com/firebird/mlife.php">Archived</a> from the original on September 27, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=America%27s+First+Turbine+Car&amp;rft.pub=Conklin+Systems&amp;rft.date=1952-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.conklinsystems.com%2Ffirebird%2Fmlife.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRechtin2008" class="citation news cs1">Rechtin, Mark (September 14, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM06/309149969/gms-most-widely-traveled-1971-model-was-built-for-the-moon">"GM's most widely traveled 1971 model was built for the moon"</a>. <i>Automotive News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009220736/https://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM06/309149969/gm-s-most-widely-traveled-1971-model-was-built-for-the-moon">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Automotive+News&amp;rft.atitle=GM%27s+most+widely+traveled+1971+model+was+built+for+the+moon&amp;rft.date=2008-09-14&amp;rft.aulast=Rechtin&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20080914%2FOEM06%2F309149969%2Fgms-most-widely-traveled-1971-model-was-built-for-the-moon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValdes-Dapena2021" class="citation news cs1">Valdes-Dapena, Peter (June 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/06/16/business/gm-lockheed-martin-lunar-rover/index.html">"The 1970s moon buggies are still up there. GM and Lockheed Martin want to make new ones"</a>. <i>CNN</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=The+1970s+moon+buggies+are+still+up+there.+GM+and+Lockheed+Martin+want+to+make+new+ones&amp;rft.date=2021-06-17&amp;rft.aulast=Valdes-Dapena&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F06%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Fgm-lockheed-martin-lunar-rover%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrany2018" class="citation news cs1">Petrany, Mate (August 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/car-accessories/a22811340/anti-lock-brakes-the-first-technology-to-help-you-avoid-a-crash-turn-40/">"Anti-Lock Brakes, The First Technology to Help You Avoid a Crash, Turn 40"</a>. <i>Road &amp; Track</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Road+%26+Track&amp;rft.atitle=Anti-Lock+Brakes%2C+The+First+Technology+to+Help+You+Avoid+a+Crash%2C+Turn+40&amp;rft.date=2018-08-24&amp;rft.aulast=Petrany&amp;rft.aufirst=Mate&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadandtrack.com%2Fcar-culture%2Fcar-accessories%2Fa22811340%2Fanti-lock-brakes-the-first-technology-to-help-you-avoid-a-crash-turn-40%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellis2019" class="citation news cs1">Bellis, Mary (August 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-airbags-1991232">"Automotive Airbag History and Invention"</a>. <i>Dotdash</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170714234135/https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-airbags-1991232">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Dotdash&amp;rft.atitle=Automotive+Airbag+History+and+Invention&amp;rft.date=2019-08-09&amp;rft.aulast=Bellis&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fhistory-of-airbags-1991232&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/02/archives/gm-to-offer-airbags-as-option-on-some-74-cars.html">"G.M. to Offer Air Bags as Option on Some '74 Cars"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 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(January 19, 2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/19/business/thomas-murphy-90-leader-of-gm-in-1970s-prosperity-dies.html">"Thomas Murphy, 90, Leader of G.M. in 1970's Prosperity, Dies"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Thomas+Murphy%2C+90%2C+Leader+of+G.M.+in+1970%27s+Prosperity%2C+Dies&amp;rft.date=2006-01-19&amp;rft.aulast=Peters&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeremy+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F19%2Fbusiness%2Fthomas-murphy-90-leader-of-gm-in-1970s-prosperity-dies.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/26/business/richard-c-gerstenberg-92-gm-official.html">"Richard C. 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July 26, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Richard+C.+Gerstenberg%2C+92%2C+G.M.+Official&amp;rft.date=2002-07-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F26%2Fbusiness%2Frichard-c-gerstenberg-92-gm-official.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autonews.com/article/20080914/OEM/309149832/gm-fought-safety-emissions-rules-but-then-invented-ways-to-comply">"GM fought safety, emissions rules, but then invented ways to comply"</a></span>. <i>Automotive News</i>. September 14, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Automotive+News&amp;rft.atitle=GM+fought+safety%2C+emissions+rules%2C+but+then+invented+ways+to+comply&amp;rft.date=2008-09-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autonews.com%2Farticle%2F20080914%2FOEM%2F309149832%2Fgm-fought-safety-emissions-rules-but-then-invented-ways-to-comply&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSass2008" class="citation news cs1">Sass, Rob (May 18, 2008). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/automobiles/collectibles/18RUST.html">"G.M.'s Dreadful Engines Gave Diesels a Bad Name"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=G.M.%27s+Dreadful+Engines+Gave+Diesels+a+Bad+Name&amp;rft.date=2008-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Sass&amp;rft.aufirst=Rob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F18%2Fautomobiles%2Fcollectibles%2F18RUST.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuart1979" class="citation news cs1">Stuart, Reginald (February 1, 1979). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/01/archives/gm-to-sell-frigidaire-to-white-consolidated.html">"G.M. to Sell Frigidaire To White Consolidated"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=G.M.+to+Sell+Frigidaire+To+White+Consolidated&amp;rft.date=1979-02-01&amp;rft.aulast=Stuart&amp;rft.aufirst=Reginald&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F02%2F01%2Farchives%2Fgm-to-sell-frigidaire-to-white-consolidated.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1988" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Robert (December 20, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US4792367">"Iron-Rare Earth-Boron Permanent US Patent # 4,792,367"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308141154/https://www.google.com/patents/US4792367">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Iron-Rare+Earth-Boron+Permanent+US+Patent+%23+4%2C792%2C367&amp;rft.date=1988-12-20&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2Fpatent%2FUS4792367&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownSchrage1984" class="citation news cs1">Brown, Warren; 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(June 6, 1985). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/06/us/gm-to-acquire-hughes-aircraft-in-5-billion-bid.html">"G.M. to Acquire Hughes Aircraft in $5 Billion Bid"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=G.M.+to+Acquire+Hughes+Aircraft+in+%245+Billion+Bid&amp;rft.date=1985-06-06&amp;rft.aulast=Cole&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F06%2F06%2Fus%2Fgm-to-acquire-hughes-aircraft-in-5-billion-bid.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/23/business/gm-acquires-59.7-of-lotus.html">"G.M. 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July 8, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201009220758/https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKCAS84477520080708">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=GM+Europe+puts+solar+roof+on+Spanish+plant&amp;rft.date=2008-07-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUKCAS84477520080708&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2008/jul/09/solarpower.renewableenergy">"GM installs the world's biggest rooftop solar panels"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 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February 7, 2024. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-07/lg-chem-wins-18-6-billion-ev-cathode-materials-order-from-gm?leadSource=uverify%20wall">the original</a> on February 28, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 12, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119064729/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-45803013">Archived</a> from the original on November 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=China+car+sales+slump+ripples+globally&amp;rft.date=2018-10-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-45803013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzczesny2013" class="citation news cs1">Szczesny, Joseph (July 8, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2013/07/08/milestone-china-now-general-motors-biggest-market.html">"Mirelestone: China Is General Motors' Biggest Market"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190425075019/https://www.cnbc.com/id/100870316">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNBC&amp;rft.atitle=Mirelestone%3A+China+Is+General+Motors%27+Biggest+Market&amp;rft.date=2013-07-08&amp;rft.aulast=Szczesny&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2013%2F07%2F08%2Fmilestone-china-now-general-motors-biggest-market.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/cars/gms-india-exit-the-episodic-events-of-shock-confusion-and-failure/58814677">"GM's India Exit: The episodic events of shock, confusion and failure"</a>. <i>ET Auto</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170524184753/http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/passenger-vehicle/cars/gms-india-exit-the-episodic-events-of-shock-confusion-and-failure/58814677">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ET+Auto&amp;rft.atitle=GM%27s+India+Exit%3A+The+episodic+events+of+shock%2C+confusion+and+failure&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauto.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpassenger-vehicle%2Fcars%2Fgms-india-exit-the-episodic-events-of-shock-confusion-and-failure%2F58814677&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/general-motors-to-stop-india-sales-on-rising-losses/articleshow/58742167.cms">"General Motors to stop India sales on rising losses"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529095947/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/general-motors-to-stop-india-sales-on-rising-losses/articleshow/58742167.cms">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&amp;rft.atitle=General+Motors+to+stop+India+sales+on+rising+losses&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Findia-business%2Fgeneral-motors-to-stop-india-sales-on-rising-losses%2Farticleshow%2F58742167.cms&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Top5Global102018-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Top5Global102018_201-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Top5Global102018_201-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPontes2018" class="citation web cs1">Pontes, Jose (November 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2018/11/global-all-time-top-5-until-oct-18.html">"Global All-Time Top 5 (Until October '18)"</a>. <i>EVSales.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024750/http://ev-sales.blogspot.com/2018/11/global-all-time-top-5-until-oct-18.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=EVSales.com&amp;rft.atitle=Global+All-Time+Top+5+%28Until+October+%2718%29&amp;rft.date=2018-11-30&amp;rft.aulast=Pontes&amp;rft.aufirst=Jose&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fev-sales.blogspot.com%2F2018%2F11%2Fglobal-all-time-top-5-until-oct-18.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeafBest250K-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeafBest250K_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobb2017" class="citation news cs1">Cobb, Jeff (January 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hybridcars.com/nissans-quarter-millionth-leaf-means-its-the-best-selling-plug-in-car-in-history/">"Nissan's Quarter-Millionth Leaf Means It's The Best-Selling Plug-in Car In History"</a>. <i>HybridCars.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111185050/http://www.hybridcars.com/nissans-quarter-millionth-leaf-means-its-the-best-selling-plug-in-car-in-history/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=HybridCars.com&amp;rft.atitle=Nissan%27s+Quarter-Millionth+Leaf+Means+It%27s+The+Best-Selling+Plug-in+Car+In+History&amp;rft.date=2017-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Cobb&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hybridcars.com%2Fnissans-quarter-millionth-leaf-means-its-the-best-selling-plug-in-car-in-history%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span> <i>As of December&#160;2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the Nissan Leaf is the world's best-selling plug-in car in history with more than 250,000 units delivered, followed by the Tesla Model S with over 158,000 sales, the Volt/Ampera family of vehicles with 134,500 vehicles sold, and the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV with about 116,500 units sold through November 2016. These are the only plug-in electric cars so far with over 100,000 global sales.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobb2016" class="citation news cs1">Cobb, Jeff (August 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hybridcars.com/global-10-best-selling-plug-in-cars-are-accelerating-forward/">"Global 10 Best-Selling Plug-In Cars Are Accelerating Forward"</a>. <i>HybridCars.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160811141742/http://www.hybridcars.com/global-10-best-selling-plug-in-cars-are-accelerating-forward/">Archived</a> from the original on August 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=HybridCars.com&amp;rft.atitle=Global+10+Best-Selling+Plug-In+Cars+Are+Accelerating+Forward&amp;rft.date=2016-08-10&amp;rft.aulast=Cobb&amp;rft.aufirst=Jeff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hybridcars.com%2Fglobal-10-best-selling-plug-in-cars-are-accelerating-forward%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span> <i>As of June&#160;2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, cumulative global sales of the top selling plug-in electric cars were led by the Nissan Leaf (over 228,000), followed by the Tesla Model S (129,393), Votl/Ampera family (about 117,300), Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV (about 107,400), Toyota Prius PHV (over 75,400), BYD Qin (56,191), Renault Zoe (51,193), BMW i3 (around 49,500), Mitsubishi i-MiEV family (about 37,600) and BYD Tang (37,509).</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2021" class="citation web cs1">McCarthy, Neil (March 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2021/05/25/report-tesla-dominated-us-electric-vehicle-sales-over-the-past-three-years-infographic/">"Tesla Dominated U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales Over The Past Three Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Forbes&amp;rft.atitle=Tesla+Dominated+U.S.+Electric+Vehicle+Sales+Over+The+Past+Three+Years&amp;rft.date=2021-03-25&amp;rft.aulast=McCarthy&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fniallmccarthy%2F2021%2F05%2F25%2Freport-tesla-dominated-us-electric-vehicle-sales-over-the-past-three-years-infographic%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TopUS102018-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TopUS102018_205-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2018" class="citation web cs1">Kane, Mark (November 29, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insideevs.com/chevrolet-volt-dead-electric-car-sales-leader/">"RIP Chevy Volt: USA's Best-Selling Electric Car Of All Time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/InsideEVs" class="mw-redirect" title="InsideEVs">InsideEVs</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024837/https://insideevs.com/chevrolet-volt-dead-electric-car-sales-leader/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=InsideEVs&amp;rft.atitle=RIP+Chevy+Volt%3A+USA%27s+Best-Selling+Electric+Car+Of+All+Time&amp;rft.date=2018-11-29&amp;rft.aulast=Kane&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finsideevs.com%2Fchevrolet-volt-dead-electric-car-sales-leader%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/06/04/business/04overseas.graf01.ready.html">"Going Global"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 4, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090923151151/http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2009/06/04/business/04overseas.graf01.ready.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Going+Global&amp;rft.date=2009-06-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fimagepages%2F2009%2F06%2F04%2Fbusiness%2F04overseas.graf01.ready.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20040602014537/http://media.gm.com/news/releases/g000105a.html">"mediaOnline"</a>. <i>Media.gm.com</i> (Press release). January 5, 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/news/releases/g000105a.html">the original</a> on June 2, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=mediaOnline&amp;rft.date=2000-01-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fnews%2Freleases%2Fg000105a.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040314185653/http://www.media.gm.com/news/releases/020103decembersales.html">"mediaOnline"</a>. <i>Media.gm.com</i> (Press release). January 3, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media.gm.com/news/releases/020103decembersales.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=mediaOnline&amp;rft.date=2002-01-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.media.gm.com%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F020103decembersales.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/05/205609.html">"GM Reports December 2005 and Year Results"</a>. <i>Theautochannel.com</i>. January 5, 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804170316/https://www.theautochannel.com/news/2006/01/05/205609.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Theautochannel.com&amp;rft.atitle=GM+Reports+December+2005+and+Year+Results&amp;rft.date=2006-01-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theautochannel.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F01%2F05%2F205609.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070428205137/http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=6&amp;docid=31596">"GM Media Online"</a>. <i>Media.gm.com</i> (Press release). January 3, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/servlet/GatewayServlet?target=http://image.emerald.gm.com/gmnews/viewmonthlyreleasedetail.do?domain=6&amp;docid=31596">the original</a> on April 28, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+Media+Online&amp;rft.date=2007-01-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fservlet%2FGatewayServlet%3Ftarget%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fimage.emerald.gm.com%2Fgmnews%2Fviewmonthlyreleasedetail.do%3Fdomain%3D6%26docid%3D31596&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218091845/http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/business/20090217GMRestructuringPlan.pdf">"2009–2014 Restructuring Plan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ASDFGeneral Motors. February 17, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://graphics8.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/business/20090217GMRestructuringPlan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=2009%E2%80%932014+Restructuring+Plan&amp;rft.date=2009-02-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgraphics8.nytimes.com%2Fpackages%2Fpdf%2Fbusiness%2F20090217GMRestructuringPlan.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121130165329/http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2009/Jan/0105_DecSales2008.html">"GM Reports 221,983 Deliveries in December; 2,980,688 Vehicles Sold in 2008"</a>. <i>Media.gm.com</i> (Press release). January 5, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2009/Jan/0105_DecSales2008.html">the original</a> on November 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+Reports+221%2C983+Deliveries+in+December%3B+2%2C980%2C688+Vehicles+Sold+in+2008&amp;rft.date=2009-01-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fmedia%2Fus%2Fen%2Fgm%2Fnews.detail.html%2Fcontent%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2009%2FJan%2F0105_DecSales2008.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chevrolet-buick-gmc-and-cadillac-post-sales-gains-80720277.html">"Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac Post Sales Gains"</a> (Press release). Michigan. PR Newswire. January 5, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515083505/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/chevrolet-buick-gmc-and-cadillac-post-sales-gains-80720277.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Chevrolet%2C+Buick%2C+GMC+and+Cadillac+Post+Sales+Gains&amp;rft.place=Michigan&amp;rft.date=2010-01-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fchevrolet-buick-gmc-and-cadillac-post-sales-gains-80720277.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/general-motors-2010-calendar-year-sales-up-21-percent-december-sales-increase-16-percent---best-month-of-2010-112868149.html">"General Motors 2010 Calendar Year Sales Up 21 Percent; December Sales Increase 16"</a> (Press release). Michigan. PR Newswire. January 4, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200917/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/general-motors-2010-calendar-year-sales-up-21-percent-december-sales-increase-16-percent---best-month-of-2010-112868149.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=General+Motors+2010+Calendar+Year+Sales+Up+21+Percent%3B+December+Sales+Increase+16&amp;rft.place=Michigan&amp;rft.date=2011-01-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fgeneral-motors-2010-calendar-year-sales-up-21-percent-december-sales-increase-16-percent---best-month-of-2010-112868149.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Jan/gmsales">"GM's U.S. Sales Increase 5 Percent in December"</a>. <i>Media.gm.com</i> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120108150654/http://media.gm.com/content/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Jan/gmsales">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM%27s+U.S.+Sales+Increase+5+Percent+in+December&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fcontent%2Fmedia%2Fus%2Fen%2Fgm%2Fnews.detail.html%2Fcontent%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2012%2FJan%2Fgmsales&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170807124151/http://media.gm.com/dld/content/dam/Media/gmcom/investor/2014/jan/Deliveries-December-2013.pdf">"Deliveries – December 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/dld/content/dam/Media/gmcom/investor/2014/jan/Deliveries-December-2013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on August 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Deliveries+%E2%80%93+December+2013&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fdld%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2FMedia%2Fgmcom%2Finvestor%2F2014%2Fjan%2FDeliveries-December-2013.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/dld/content/Pages/news/us/en/2015/Jan/gmsales/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer/par/download_0/file.res/Deliveries-December-2014.pdf">"Deliveries - December 2014"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055257/http://media.gm.com/dld/content/Pages/news/us/en/2015/Jan/gmsales/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer/par/download_0/file.res/Deliveries-December-2014.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Deliveries+-+December+2014&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fdld%2Fcontent%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2015%2FJan%2Fgmsales%2F_jcr_content%2Frightpar%2Fsectioncontainer%2Fpar%2Fdownload_0%2Ffile.res%2FDeliveries-December-2014.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2016/Jan/0105-gmsales.html">"GM, Chevrolet Lead with the Industry's Largest Retail Market Share Increases of 2015"</a>. <i>media.gm.com</i> (Press release). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127142820/http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2016/Jan/0105-gmsales.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM%2C+Chevrolet+Lead+with+the+Industry%27s+Largest+Retail+Market+Share+Increases+of+2015&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.gm.com%2Fmedia%2Fus%2Fen%2Fgm%2Fhome.detail.html%2Fcontent%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2016%2FJan%2F0105-gmsales.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-sells-more-1-million-crossovers-again-2019-and-over-1-million">"GM Sells More Than 1 Million Crossovers Again in 2019, and Over 1 Million Full-Size Trucks"</a> (Press release). Detroit: GM. January 3, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115130256/https://investor.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-sells-more-1-million-crossovers-again-2019-and-over-1-million">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+Sells+More+Than+1+Million+Crossovers+Again+in+2019%2C+and+Over+1+Million+Full-Size+Trucks&amp;rft.place=Detroit&amp;rft.pub=GM&amp;rft.date=2020-01-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor.gm.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fnews-release-details%2Fgm-sells-more-1-million-crossovers-again-2019-and-over-1-million&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investor.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-2020-sales-far-outperform-us-industry-fourth-quarter-and">"GM 2020 Sales Far Outperform the U.S. Industry in Fourth Quarter and Calendar Year"</a> (Press release). Detroit, Michigan: GM. January 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+2020+Sales+Far+Outperform+the+U.S.+Industry+in+Fourth+Quarter+and+Calendar+Year&amp;rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&amp;rft.pub=GM&amp;rft.date=2021-01-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestor.gm.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fnews-release-details%2Fgm-2020-sales-far-outperform-us-industry-fourth-quarter-and&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMsales2023-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GMsales2023_221-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMsales2023_221-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressroom.gm.com/gmbx/us/en/pressroom/home/news.detail.html/Pages/news/us/en/2023/jan/0104-gmsales.html">"GM Delivers a Year of Firsts"</a> (Press release). GM. January 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+Delivers+a+Year+of+Firsts&amp;rft.pub=GM&amp;rft.date=2023-01-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressroom.gm.com%2Fgmbx%2Fus%2Fen%2Fpressroom%2Fhome%2Fnews.detail.html%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2023%2Fjan%2F0104-gmsales.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressroom.gm.com/dld/content/Pages/news/us/en/2024/jan/0103-gmsales/_jcr_content/rightpar/sectioncontainer_0/par/download_1893561245/file.res/Deliveries-Q4-2023.pdf">"GM U.S. deliveries for quarter 4 2023"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Detroit, Michigan: GM. January 3, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+U.S.+deliveries+for+quarter+4+2023&amp;rft.place=Detroit%2C+Michigan&amp;rft.pub=GM&amp;rft.date=2024-01-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressroom.gm.com%2Fdld%2Fcontent%2FPages%2Fnews%2Fus%2Fen%2F2024%2Fjan%2F0103-gmsales%2F_jcr_content%2Frightpar%2Fsectioncontainer_0%2Fpar%2Fdownload_1893561245%2Ffile.res%2FDeliveries-Q4-2023.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2019globalSales-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2019globalSales_223-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investors.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-reports-earnings-and-provides-2020-outlook">"GM Reports Earnings and Provides 2020 Outlook"</a>. General Motors. February 5, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200217170224/https://investors.gm.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gm-reports-earnings-and-provides-2020-outlook">Archived</a> from the original on February 17, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+Reports+Earnings+and+Provides+2020+Outlook&amp;rft.pub=General+Motors&amp;rft.date=2020-02-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestors.gm.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fnews-release-details%2Fgm-reports-earnings-and-provides-2020-outlook&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurden2017" class="citation news cs1">Burden, Melissa (June 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/general-motors/2017/06/12/gm-giving/102764328/">"GM to end foundation, redirect its charitable giving"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Detroit_News" title="The Detroit News">The Detroit News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Detroit+News&amp;rft.atitle=GM+to+end+foundation%2C+redirect+its+charitable+giving&amp;rft.date=2017-06-12&amp;rft.aulast=Burden&amp;rft.aufirst=Melissa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.detroitnews.com%2Fstory%2Fbusiness%2Fautos%2Fgeneral-motors%2F2017%2F06%2F12%2Fgm-giving%2F102764328%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett1995" class="citation news cs1">Barnett, Andrea (November 3, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austinchronicle.com/news/1995-11-03/530000/">"Money's Green, Too"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Austin_Chronicle" title="The Austin Chronicle">The Austin Chronicle</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Austin+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Money%27s+Green%2C+Too&amp;rft.date=1995-11-03&amp;rft.aulast=Barnett&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austinchronicle.com%2Fnews%2F1995-11-03%2F530000%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.safekids.org/general-motors">"The General Motors Foundation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Safe_Kids_Worldwide" title="Safe Kids Worldwide">Safe Kids Worldwide</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170308134055/https://www.safekids.org/general-motors-foundation">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+General+Motors+Foundation&amp;rft.pub=Safe+Kids+Worldwide&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.safekids.org%2Fgeneral-motors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=146478">"Safe Kids USA Donates 500,000th Child Safety Seat"</a> (Press release). WebWire. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516072859/http://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=146478">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Safe+Kids+USA+Donates+500%2C000th+Child+Safety+Seat&amp;rft.pub=WebWire&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.webwire.com%2FViewPressRel.asp%3FaId%3D146478&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBak2008" class="citation news cs1">Bak, Richard (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hourdetroit.com/community/frank-murphys-law/">"(Frank) Murphy's Law"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hour_Detroit" title="Hour Detroit">Hour Detroit</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723065533/http://www.hourdetroit.com/Hour-Detroit/September-2008/Frank-Murpheys-Law/">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Hour+Detroit&amp;rft.atitle=%28Frank%29+Murphy%27s+Law&amp;rft.date=2008-09&amp;rft.aulast=Bak&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hourdetroit.com%2Fcommunity%2Ffrank-murphys-law%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnard-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barnard_229-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnard_229-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barnard_229-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnard2004" class="citation book cs1">Barnard, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=81th3H56WzEC"><i>American Vanguard: The United Auto Workers During the Reuther Years, 1935-1970</i></a>. Wayne State University Press. p.&#160;212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814329474" title="Special:BookSources/9780814329474"><bdi>9780814329474</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=American+Vanguard%3A+The+United+Auto+Workers+During+the+Reuther+Years%2C+1935-1970&amp;rft.pages=212&amp;rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9780814329474&amp;rft.aulast=Barnard&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D81th3H56WzEC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Boyle. <i>The UAW and the Heyday of American Liberalism 1945–1968</i>. Cornell University Press, 1995, pp. 21–22. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an &#73;SBN for this book.">ISBN&#160;missing</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsidore2007" class="citation news cs1">Isidore, Chris (September 24, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2007/09/24/news/companies/gm_uaw_strikedeadline/">"73,000 workers walk in nationwide GM strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085621/https://money.cnn.com/2007/09/24/news/companies/gm_uaw_strikedeadline/?postversion=2007092412">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=73%2C000+workers+walk+in+nationwide+GM+strike&amp;rft.date=2007-09-24&amp;rft.aulast=Isidore&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2007%2F09%2F24%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fgm_uaw_strikedeadline%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard2007" class="citation news cs1">Maynard, Micheline (September 25, 2007). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/business/25auto.html">"73,000 U.A.W. Members Go on Strike Against G.M."</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=73%2C000+U.A.W.+Members+Go+on+Strike+Against+G.M.&amp;rft.date=2007-09-25&amp;rft.aulast=Maynard&amp;rft.aufirst=Micheline&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F09%2F25%2Fbusiness%2F25auto.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2007" class="citation news cs1">Weiner, Eric (September 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=14720112">"Time Warp: The GM Strike, Then and Now"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=NPR&amp;rft.atitle=Time+Warp%3A+The+GM+Strike%2C+Then+and+Now&amp;rft.date=2007-09-26&amp;rft.aulast=Weiner&amp;rft.aufirst=Eric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D14720112&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsidore2007" class="citation news cs1">Isidore, Chris (September 26, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/2007/09/26/news/companies/uaw_gm_deal/index.htm">"GM-UAW reach deal to end strike"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190824041648/https://money.cnn.com/2007/09/26/news/companies/uaw_gm_deal/index.htm?postversion=2007092604">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=GM-UAW+reach+deal+to+end+strike&amp;rft.date=2007-09-26&amp;rft.aulast=Isidore&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2F2007%2F09%2F26%2Fnews%2Fcompanies%2Fuaw_gm_deal%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsidore2019" class="citation news cs1">Isidore, Chris (September 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/16/business/uaw-gm-strike-general-motors/index.html">"UAW workers go on strike against GM"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916090131/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/16/business/uaw-gm-strike-general-motors/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN&amp;rft.atitle=UAW+workers+go+on+strike+against+GM&amp;rft.date=2019-09-16&amp;rft.aulast=Isidore&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F09%2F16%2Fbusiness%2Fuaw-gm-strike-general-motors%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrisherHouseholder2019" class="citation news cs1">Krisher, Tom; Householder, Mike (September 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/c54f47d7569c44d382995a3c3992eb53">"No Deal: Auto workers strike against GM in contract dispute"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190916094746/https://www.apnews.com/c54f47d7569c44d382995a3c3992eb53">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=No+Deal%3A+Auto+workers+strike+against+GM+in+contract+dispute&amp;rft.date=2019-09-16&amp;rft.aulast=Krisher&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft.au=Householder%2C+Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fc54f47d7569c44d382995a3c3992eb53&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkinsRushe2019" class="citation news cs1">Perkins, Tom; Rushe, Dominic (October 25, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/oct/25/uaw-united-auto-workers-general-motors-strike-deal">"GM strike ends after 40 days with 48,000 staff to return to work"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=GM+strike+ends+after+40+days+with+48%2C000+staff+to+return+to+work&amp;rft.date=2019-10-25&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Perkins&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft.au=Rushe%2C+Dominic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2019%2Foct%2F25%2Fuaw-united-auto-workers-general-motors-strike-deal&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovak2023" class="citation web cs1">Novak, Analisa (September 15, 2023). Lynch Baldwin, Sarah (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/uaw-strike-gm-ceo-mary-barra-defends-company-position-4-offers-on-the-table/">"GM CEO Mary Barra defends position amid UAW strike, says company put 4 offers on the table"</a>. <i>CBS News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CBS+News&amp;rft.atitle=GM+CEO+Mary+Barra+defends+position+amid+UAW+strike%2C+says+company+put+4+offers+on+the+table&amp;rft.date=2023-09-15&amp;rft.aulast=Novak&amp;rft.aufirst=Analisa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fuaw-strike-gm-ceo-mary-barra-defends-company-position-4-offers-on-the-table%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteShepardson2023" class="citation web cs1">White, Joseph; Shepardson, David (March 27, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-auto-union-leader-promises-fight-get-workers-fair-share-2023-03-27/">"New UAW leader tells automakers: 'Our membership is fed up'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230822032911/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-auto-union-leader-promises-fight-get-workers-fair-share-2023-03-27/">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=New+UAW+leader+tells+automakers%3A+%27Our+membership+is+fed+up%27&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft.date=2023-03-27&amp;rft.aulast=White&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rft.au=Shepardson%2C+David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fus-auto-union-leader-promises-fight-get-workers-fair-share-2023-03-27%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCSERE2008" class="citation news cs1">CSERE, CSABA (September 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15143719/general-motors-celebrates-a-100-year-history-of-technological-breakthroughs/">"General Motors Celebrates a 100-Year History of Technological Breakthroughs"</a>. <i>Car and Driver</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225090611/http://www.caranddriver.com/columns/general-motors-celebrates-a-100-year-history-of-technological-breakthroughs">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Car+and+Driver&amp;rft.atitle=General+Motors+Celebrates+a+100-Year+History+of+Technological+Breakthroughs&amp;rft.date=2008-09-01&amp;rft.aulast=CSERE&amp;rft.aufirst=CSABA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.caranddriver.com%2Ffeatures%2Fa15143719%2Fgeneral-motors-celebrates-a-100-year-history-of-technological-breakthroughs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/November-December-2005/scene_longhine_novdec05.msp">"Ralph Nader's museum of tort law will include relics from famous lawsuits&#160;&#8211;&#32;if it ever gets built"</a>. <i>LegalAffairs.org</i>. December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080331074458/http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/November-December-2005/scene_longhine_novdec05.msp">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=LegalAffairs.org&amp;rft.atitle=Ralph+Nader%27s+museum+of+tort+law+will+include+relics+from+famous+lawsuits+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3Bif+it+ever+gets+built&amp;rft.date=2005-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legalaffairs.org%2Fissues%2FNovember-December-2005%2Fscene_longhine_novdec05.msp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/safetyep.cfm">"President Dwight D. 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General Motors Corp.</i>, 307 N.Y.S.2d 647 (N.Y. 1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisseBraithwaite1983" class="citation book cs1">Fisse, Brent; Braithwaite, John (1983). <i>The Impact of Publicity on Corporate Offenders</i>. 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Flaw"</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708035715/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/business/a-florida-engineer-unlocked-the-mystery-of-gms-ignition-flaw.html?_r=2">Archived</a> from the original on July 8, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=An+Engineer%27s+Eureka+Moment+With+a+G.M.+Flaw&amp;rft.date=2014-03-28&amp;rft.aulast=Vlasic&amp;rft.aufirst=Bill&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F29%2Fbusiness%2Fa-florida-engineer-unlocked-the-mystery-of-gms-ignition-flaw.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXuCaveLeiboldMunro2020" class="citation web cs1">Xu, Vicky Xiuzhong; Cave, Danielle; Leibold, James; Munro, Kelsey; Ruser, Nathan (March 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200824215335/https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale">"Uyghurs for sale"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=GM+is+selling+driver+data+to+insurers+without+consumers%27+knowledge%2C+Texas+AG+alleges&amp;rft.pub=CBS+News&amp;rft.date=2024-08-15&amp;rft.aulast=Picchi&amp;rft.aufirst=Aimee&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgm-selling-driver-data-car-insurers-texas-lawsuit%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaruf2024" class="citation web cs1">Maruf, Ramishah (August 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/13/business/texas-sues-general-motors-driver-data/index.html">"Texas sues General Motors, alleging illegal selling of driver data"</a>. CNN Business<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Texas+sues+General+Motors%2C+alleging+illegal+selling+of+driver+data&amp;rft.pub=CNN+Business&amp;rft.date=2024-08-14&amp;rft.aulast=Maruf&amp;rft.aufirst=Ramishah&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2024%2F08%2F13%2Fbusiness%2Ftexas-sues-general-motors-driver-data%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Goolsbee, Austan D.; Krueger, Alan B. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.29.2.3">"A retrospective look at rescuing and restructuring General Motors and Chrysler"</a>. <i>Journal of Economic Perspectives</i>. <b>29</b> (2): 3–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fjep.29.2.3">10.1257/jep.29.2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F110116">10419/110116</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:113330698">113330698</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Economic+Perspectives&amp;rft.atitle=A+retrospective+look+at+rescuing+and+restructuring+General+Motors+and+Chrysler&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=3-24&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10419%2F110116&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A113330698%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fjep.29.2.3&amp;rft.aulast=Goolsbee&amp;rft.aufirst=Austan+D.&amp;rft.au=Krueger%2C+Alan+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.aeaweb.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdfplus%2F10.1257%2Fjep.29.2.3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloan1964" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Sloan, Alfred P.</a> (1964), McDonald, John (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qHJEAAAAIAAJ"><i>My Years with General Motors</i></a>, Garden City, NY, US: Doubleday, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/64011306">64011306</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/802024">802024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=My+Years+with+General+Motors&amp;rft.place=Garden+City%2C+NY%2C+US&amp;rft.pub=Doubleday&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F802024&amp;rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F64011306&amp;rft.aulast=Sloan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqHJEAAAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Republished in 1990 with a new introduction by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Drucker" title="Peter Drucker">Peter Drucker</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0385042352" title="Special:BookSources/978-0385042352">978-0385042352</a>).</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Barabba, Vincent P. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VvbDYad7cLoC"><i>Surviving Transformation: Lessons from GM's Surprising Turnaround</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517141-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-517141-9"><bdi>978-0-19-517141-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/474580094">474580094</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=VvbDYad7cLoC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Surviving%20Transformation%3A%20Lessons%20from%20GM%27s%20Surprising%20Turnaround&amp;pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Surviving+Transformation%3A+Lessons+from+GM%27s+Surprising+Turnaround&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F474580094&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-517141-9&amp;rft.aulast=Barabba&amp;rft.aufirst=Vincent+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVvbDYad7cLoC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_D._Chandler,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.">Chandler, Alfred D. Jr.</a> (1964). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/giantenterprise0000unse"><i>Giant Enterprise: Ford, General Motors, and the Automobile Industry</i></a></span>. New York: Harcourt, Brace &amp; World. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-13349-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-13349-7"><bdi>978-0-405-13349-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/63017200">63017200</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Giant+Enterprise%3A+Ford%2C+General+Motors%2C+and+the+Automobile+Industry&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace+%26+World&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63017200&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-405-13349-7&amp;rft.aulast=Chandler&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred+D.+Jr.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgiantenterprise0000unse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Cray, Ed (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chromecolossusge0000cray"><i>Chrome Colossus: General Motors and Its Times</i></a></span>. New York: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-013493-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-013493-5"><bdi>978-0-07-013493-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6223723">6223723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Chrome+Colossus%3A+General+Motors+and+Its+Times&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6223723&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-07-013493-5&amp;rft.aulast=Cray&amp;rft.aufirst=Ed&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchromecolossusge0000cray&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Farber, David R. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CysLGUDseQAC"><i>Sloan Rules: Alfred P. Sloan and the Triumph of General Motors</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23804-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-23804-3"><bdi>978-0-226-23804-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/49558636">49558636</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=CysLGUDseQAC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Sloan%20Rules%3A%20Alfred%20P.%20Sloan%20and%20the%20Triumph%20of%20General%20Motors&amp;pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sloan+Rules%3A+Alfred+P.+Sloan+and+the+Triumph+of+General+Motors&amp;rft.place=Chicago&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F49558636&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-226-23804-3&amp;rft.aulast=Farber&amp;rft.aufirst=David+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCysLGUDseQAC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Gustin, Lawrence R. (2008) [1973]. <i>Billy Durant: Creator of General Motors</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03302-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-03302-7"><bdi>978-0-472-03302-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/179794253">179794253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Billy+Durant%3A+Creator+of+General+Motors&amp;rft.place=Ann+Arbor&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F179794253&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-472-03302-7&amp;rft.aulast=Gustin&amp;rft.aufirst=Lawrence+R.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Halberstam" title="David Halberstam">Halberstam, David</a> (1986). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reckoning00halb"><i>The Reckoning</i></a></span>. A Thomas Congdon book. New York: Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-04838-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-04838-9"><bdi>978-0-688-04838-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246158814">246158814</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Reckoning&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.series=A+Thomas+Congdon+book&amp;rft.pub=Morrow&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246158814&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-688-04838-9&amp;rft.aulast=Halberstam&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freckoning00halb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Keller, Maryann (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rudeawakeningris00kell"><i>Rude Awakening: The Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors</i></a>. New York: Morrow. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-688-07527-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-688-07527-9"><bdi>978-0-688-07527-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/423222597">423222597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Rude+Awakening%3A+The+Rise%2C+Fall%2C+and+Struggle+for+Recovery+of+General+Motors&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Morrow&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F423222597&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-688-07527-9&amp;rft.aulast=Keller&amp;rft.aufirst=Maryann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frudeawakeningris00kell&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kimes, Beverly Rae, ed. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standardcatalogo0000kime"><i>The Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942</i></a> (2nd&#160;ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87341-111-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87341-111-0"><bdi>978-0-87341-111-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Standard+Catalogue+of+American+Cars+1805%E2%80%931942&amp;rft.place=Iola%2C+Wisconsin&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Krause+Publications&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87341-111-0&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstandardcatalogo0000kime&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Stuart W. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bosskettering00lesl"><i>Boss Kettering</i></a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-05600-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-05600-7"><bdi>978-0-231-05600-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8845819">8845819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Boss+Kettering&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8845819&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-231-05600-7&amp;rft.aulast=Leslie&amp;rft.aufirst=Stuart+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbosskettering00lesl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Maxton" title="Graeme Maxton">Maxton, Graeme P.</a>; Wormald, John (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3aN6rxZG2p0C"><i>Time for a Model Change: Re-Engineering the Global Automotive Industry</i></a>. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83715-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83715-6"><bdi>978-0-521-83715-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/54826137">54826137</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=3aN6rxZG2p0C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Time%20for%20a%20Model%20Change%3A%20Re-Engineering%20the%20Global%20Automotive%20Industry&amp;pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Time+for+a+Model+Change%3A+Re-Engineering+the+Global+Automotive+Industry&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F54826137&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-83715-6&amp;rft.aulast=Maxton&amp;rft.aufirst=Graeme+P.&amp;rft.au=Wormald%2C+John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3aN6rxZG2p0C&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Maynard, Micheline (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/endofdetroithowb00mayn"><i>The End of Detroit: How the Big Three Lost Their Grip on the American Car Market</i></a>. New York: Currency/Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-50769-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-50769-1"><bdi>978-0-385-50769-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52623614">52623614</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+End+of+Detroit%3A+How+the+Big+Three+Lost+Their+Grip+on+the+American+Car+Market&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Currency%2FDoubleday&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52623614&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-385-50769-1&amp;rft.aulast=Maynard&amp;rft.aufirst=Micheline&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fendofdetroithowb00mayn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pelfrey, William (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HYFIiIll2eIC"><i>Billy, Alfred, and General Motors: The Story of Two Unique Men, a Legendary Company, and a Remarkable Time in American History</i></a>. New York: AMACOM. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8144-0869-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8144-0869-8"><bdi>978-0-8144-0869-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/61362777">61362777</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014836/https://books.google.com/books?id=HYFIiIll2eIC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Billy%2C%20Alfred%2C%20and%20General%20Motors%3A%20The%20Story%20of%20Two%20Unique%20Men%2C%20a%20Legendary%20Company%2C%20and%20a&amp;pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Billy%2C+Alfred%2C+and+General+Motors%3A+The+Story+of+Two+Unique+Men%2C+a+Legendary+Company%2C+and+a+Remarkable+Time+in+American+History&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=AMACOM&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F61362777&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8144-0869-8&amp;rft.aulast=Pelfrey&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHYFIiIll2eIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pound, Arthur (1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/turningwheelstor00pounrich"><i>The turning wheel; the story of General Motors through twenty-five years, 1908–1933</i></a>. New York: Doubleday, Doran &amp; Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+turning+wheel%3B+the+story+of+General+Motors+through+twenty-five+years%2C+1908%E2%80%931933&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Doubleday%2C+Doran+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1934&amp;rft.aulast=Pound&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fturningwheelstor00pounrich&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Rae, John Bell (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanautomobi00raej"><i>The American Automobile; A Brief History</i></a></span>. The Chicago history of American civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/236834">236834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+American+Automobile%3B+A+Brief+History&amp;rft.place=Chicago&amp;rft.series=The+Chicago+history+of+American+civilization&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F236834&amp;rft.aulast=Rae&amp;rft.aufirst=John+Bell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanautomobi00raej&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Robertson, Heather (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/drivingforcemcla00robe"><i>Driving force: The McLaughlin family and the age of the car</i></a>. McClelland &amp; Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7710-7556-8"><bdi>978-0-7710-7556-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Driving+force%3A+The+McLaughlin+family+and+the+age+of+the+car&amp;rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7710-7556-8&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Heather&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdrivingforcemcla00robe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span> A history of the businesses of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_McLaughlin" title="Samuel McLaughlin">Samuel McLaughlin</a> and family, and the beginnings of General Motors Canada Ltd.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Weisberger" title="Bernard Weisberger">Weisberger, Bernard A.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dreammaker00bern"><i>The Dream Maker: William C. Durant, Founder of General Motors</i></a>. Boston: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-92874-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-92874-8"><bdi>978-0-316-92874-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5736758">5736758</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Dream+Maker%3A+William+C.+Durant%2C+Founder+of+General+Motors&amp;rft.place=Boston&amp;rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5736758&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-316-92874-8&amp;rft.aulast=Weisberger&amp;rft.aufirst=Bernard+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdreammaker00bern&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Motors" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Motors&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:General_Motors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:General Motors">General Motors</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gm.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81965#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>Business data for General Motors Company: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GM:US">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/GM">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/GM">Reuters</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&amp;CIK=1467858">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GM">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/www.gmheritagecenter.com">GM Heritage</a> (1908-2008) - General Motors (the GM<i>next</i> wiki) via: <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">archive.is</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/history.gmheritagecenter.com/">Generations of GM</a> (1908-2008) - General Motors</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:General_Motors" title="Template:General Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:General_Motors" title="Template talk:General Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:General_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:General Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">General Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions and<br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GMC_Denali" title="GMC Denali">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Service brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACDelco" title="ACDelco">ACDelco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BrightDrop" title="BrightDrop">BrightDrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_(autonomous_vehicle)" title="Cruise (autonomous vehicle)">Cruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEXRON" title="DEXRON">Dexron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Certified_Service" title="GM Certified Service">GM Certified Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Defense" title="GM Defense">GM Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Financial" title="GM Financial">GM Financial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OnStar" title="OnStar">OnStar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Argentina" title="General Motors de Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_do_Brasil" title="General Motors do Brasil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Canada" title="General Motors Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_Chile" title="General Motors de Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Colmotores" title="GM Colmotores">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Egypt" title="General Motors Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Japan" title="General Motors Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="General Motors de México">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_New_Zealand" title="General Motors New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Australia">GM Specialty Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Europe" title="Cadillac Europe">Cadillac Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/90px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/135px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/180px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DMAX_(engines)" title="DMAX (engines)">DMAX</a> <small>(60%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a> <small>(77%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRL_Laboratories" title="HRL Laboratories">HRL Laboratories</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industries_M%C3%A9caniques_Maghr%C3%A9bines" title="Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines">Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines</a> <small>(20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM" title="SAIC-GM">SAIC-GM</a> <small>(50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a> <small>(44%)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products and<br />technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of GM platforms">Platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_GM_transmissions" title="List of GM transmissions">Transmissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_hybrid_technologies" title="Category:General Motors hybrid technologies">Hybrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_vehicles" title="Category:General Motors vehicles">Vehicles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="List of General Motors engines">Engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Straight-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-3">I3</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_E-Turbo_engine" title="GM E-Turbo engine">E-Turbo</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">I4</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_0_engine" title="GM Family 0 engine">Family 0</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Small_Gasoline_Engine" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Small Gasoline Engine">SGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Family_1_engine" title="GM Family 1 engine">Family 1 </a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Medium_Gasoline_Engine" title="GM Medium Gasoline Engine">MGE</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Family_II_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Family II engine">Family II</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_Ecotec_engine" title="GM Ecotec engine">Ecotec</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/GM_High_Feature_engine" title="GM High Feature engine">High Feature</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_90%C2%B0_V6_engine#Generation_V" title="Chevrolet 90° V6 engine">Gen V</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/LS_based_GM_small-block_engine#Generation_V" class="mw-redirect" title="LS based GM small-block engine">Gen V</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Gemini_small-block_engine" title="Chevrolet Gemini small-block engine">Gemini V8</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_EV1" title="General Motors EV1">EV1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV2_platform" title="General Motors BEV2 platform">BEV2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultium" title="Ultium">Ultium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_BEV3_platform" title="General Motors BEV3 platform">BEV3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former divisions,<br />joint ventures<br />and subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Engine_Company" title="Allison Engine Company">Allison Engine</a> <small>(1929–1995)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison Transmission</a> <small>(1929–2007)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally Financial</a> <small>(1919-2013)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Aircraft" title="Atlantic Aircraft">Atlantic Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a> <small> (24%) (1924–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Europe" title="Chevrolet Europe">Chevrolet Europe</a> <small>(2005-2016)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet-Saturn_of_Harlem" title="Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem">Chevrolet-Saturn of Harlem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2011)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Diesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Diesel">Cleveland Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1962)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton-Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayton-Wright">Dayton-Wright</a> <small>(1919–1923)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delco_Electronics" title="Delco Electronics">Delco Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Delphi</a> <small>(1994–1999)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Motor_Corporation" title="Delta Motor Corporation">Delta Motor Corporation</a> <small>(1997-2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a> <small>(1938–1988)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a> <small>(1994–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-Motive_Diesel" title="Electro-Motive Diesel">Electro-Motive Diesel</a> <small>(1930–2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Data_Systems" title="Electronic Data Systems">Electronic Data Systems</a> <small>(1984–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_Trucks" title="Euclid Trucks">Euclid Trucks</a> <small>(1953–1968)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-GM" title="FAW-GM">FAW-GM</a> <small>(2009–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Body" title="Fisher Body">Fisher Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Metal_Body" title="Fleetwood Metal Body">Fleetwood Metal Body</a> <small>(1925–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frigidaire" title="Frigidaire">Frigidaire</a> <small>(1919–1980)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghandhara_Industries_Limited" title="Ghandhara Industries Limited">Ghandhara Industries</a> <small>(1953–1963)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM-AvtoVAZ" title="GM-AvtoVAZ">GM-AvtoVAZ</a> <small>(2001–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel" title="General Motors Diesel">GM Diesel</a> <small>(1949–1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel Division</a> <small>(1938–1987)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">GM Europe</a> <small>(1986–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_India" title="General Motors India">GM India</a> <small>(1995–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_South_Africa" title="General Motors South Africa">GM South Africa</a> <small>(1913–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Thailand" title="General Motors Thailand">GM Thailand</a> <small>(2000–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UzAuto_Motors" title="UzAuto Motors">GM Uzbekistan</a> <small>(2008–2019)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Vietnam" title="GM Vietnam">GM Vietnam</a> <small>(1993–2018)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMAC_Real_Estate" title="GMAC Real Estate">GMAC Real Estate</a> <small>(1998–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo_Trucks" title="Volvo Trucks">GMC Heavy Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> <small>(1948–2020)</small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Holden_Special_Vehicles" title="Holden Special Vehicles">Holden Special Vehicles</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes Aircraft">Hughes Aircraft</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Electronics" title="Hughes Electronics">Hughes Electronics</a> <small>(1985–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems">Hughes Network Systems</a> <small>(1987–2003)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_Network_Systems" title="Hughes Network Systems">HughesNet</a> <small>(1996–2003)</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering_University" title="Kettering University">Kettering University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maven_(car_sharing)" title="Maven (car sharing)">Maven</a> <small>(2016–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_City_Lines" title="National City Lines">National City Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">NUMMI</a> <small>(1984–2009)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Venture_Gear" title="New Venture Gear">New Venture Gear</a> <small>(36%, 1990–2002)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a> <small>(2009–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American Aviation</a> <small>(1933–1948)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvell_Financial_Services" title="Nuvell Financial Services">Nuvell</a> <small>(1997–2008)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> <small>(1931–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PanAmSat" title="PanAmSat">PanAmSat</a> <small>(1995–2003)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_Electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Remy Electric">Remy Electric</a> <small>(1918–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Products_Division" title="Rochester Products Division">Rochester Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terex" title="Terex">Terex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australian_Automobile_Industries" title="United Australian Automobile Industries">United Australian</a> <small>(1989–1996)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <small>(1926–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a> <small>(1925–1943)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_facilities" title="Category:General Motors facilities">Facilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">GM Building (Broadway)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">GM Building (Detroit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)" title="General Motors Building (Manhattan)">GM Building (Manhattan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Technical_Center" title="General Motors Technical Center">GM Technical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Proving_Grounds" class="mw-redirect" title="General Motors Proving Grounds">GM Proving Grounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">Factories (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_Center" title="Renaissance Center">Renaissance Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_Building" title="Argonaut Building">General Motors Research Laboratory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_people" title="Category:General Motors people">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William C. Durant</a> (Founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Barra" title="Mary Barra">Mary Barra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan" title="Alfred P. Sloan">Alfred P. Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Solso" title="Tim Solso">Tim Solso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_of_Motion" title="World of Motion">World of Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Track" title="Test Track">Test Track</a> <small>(1999–2012 under all of GM, Chevrolet only since 2012)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_General_Motors" title="History of General Motors">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_companion_make_program" title="General Motors companion make program">Companion make program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_ignition_switch_recalls" title="General Motors ignition switch recalls">Ignition switch recalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motors_Liquidation_Company" title="Motors Liquidation Company">Motors Liquidation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Motorama" title="General Motors Motorama">Motorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Chapter_11_reorganization" title="General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization">Reorganization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_streetcar_conspiracy" title="General Motors streetcar conspiracy">Streetcar conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers_(UAW)_strike_of_1945%E2%80%931946" class="mw-redirect" title="United Auto Workers (UAW) strike of 1945–1946">1945–46 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_General_Motors_strike" title="2007 General Motors strike">2007 strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_General_Motors_strike" title="2019 General Motors strike">2019 strike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Utility_Cargo_Vehicle" title="Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle">Commercial Utility Cargo Vehicle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Concept_of_the_Corporation" title="Concept of the Corporation">Concept of the Corporation</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors" title="Category:General Motors">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:General_Motors" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:General Motors">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_brands_of_General_Motors" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_marques_of_General_Motors" title="Template:Automotive marques of General Motors"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_marques_of_General_Motors" title="Template talk:Automotive marques of General Motors"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_marques_of_General_Motors" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive marques of General Motors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_brands_of_General_Motors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Automotive <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brands</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">General Motors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wholly owned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V_series" title="Cadillac V series">V-Series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GMC_Denali" title="GMC Denali">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummer" title="Hummer">Hummer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_(automobile)" title="Acadian (automobile)">Acadian</a> <small>(1962–1971)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpheon">Alpheon</a> <small>(2010–2015)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%BCna" title="Asüna">Asüna</a> <small>(1992–1994)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_(automobile)" title="Beaumont (automobile)">Beaumont</a> <small>(1966–1969)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_Vehicles" title="Bedford Vehicles">Bedford</a> <small>(1930–1986)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a> <small>(1909–1915)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daewoo_Motors" title="Daewoo Motors">Daewoo</a> <small>(1999–2011)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_Manufacturing_Company" title="Elmore Manufacturing Company">Elmore</a> <small>(1908–1912)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envoy_(automobile)" title="Envoy (automobile)">Envoy</a> <small>(1959–1970)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel</a> <small>(1938–2000)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</a> <small>(1989–1997)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden" title="Holden">Holden</a> <small>(1931–2020)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a> <small>(1927–1940)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette</a> <small>(1929–1930)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</a> <small>(1918–1942)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a> <small>(1909–1931)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a> <small>(1908–2004)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passport_(automobile_dealership)" title="Passport (automobile dealership)">Passport</a> <small>(1988–1991)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a> <small>(1926–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_(automobile)" title="Ranger (automobile)">Ranger</a> <small>(1968–1976)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reliance_(automobile)" title="Reliance (automobile)">Reliance</a> <small>(1908–1911)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainier_Motor_Car_Company" title="Rainier Motor Car Company">Rainier</a> <small>(1909–1911)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a> <small>(1985–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</a> <small>(1916–1923)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</a> <small>(1920–1921)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statesman_(automobile)" title="Statesman (automobile)">Statesman</a> <small>(1971–1984)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</a> <small>(1929–1931)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welch_Motor_Car_Company" title="Welch Motor Car Company">Welch-Detroit</a> <small>(1910–1911)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Cab_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Cab Manufacturing Company">Yellow Cab</a> <small>(1925–1943)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a> <small>(1925–1943)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Sold</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> <small>(1986–1993)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a> <small>(1989–2010)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> <small>(1929–2017)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> <small>(1925–2017)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/60px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/90px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/General_Motors_%282021%29.svg/120px-General_Motors_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shareholdings and<br />joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a> <small>(44%)</small> (<a href="/wiki/Wuling_Motors" title="Wuling Motors">Wuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baojun" title="Baojun">Baojun</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_SpA" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat SpA">Fiat</a> <small>(2000–2005; up to 20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> <small>(c.1971–2006; up to 49%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW-GM" title="FAW-GM">Jie Fang</a> <small>(2009–2019; 50%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a> <small>(2012–2013; up to 7%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Uzbekistan">Ravon</a> <small>(2015–2020; 25%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a> <small>(c.1999–2006; 20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> <small>(1985–2008; up to 20%)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UzAuto_Motors" title="UzAuto Motors">UzDaewoo</a> <small>(1992–2015; up to 50%)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:General_Motors_marques" title="Category:General Motors marques">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automotive industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicle<br />manufacturers<br />and brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Current <br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGCO" title="AGCO">AGCO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Tractor" title="Challenger Tractor">Challenger Tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Ferguson" title="Massey Ferguson">Massey Ferguson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM_General" title="AM General">AM General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workhorse_Group" title="Workhorse Group">Amp Electric Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcimoto" title="Arcimoto">Arcimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_Runner" title="Rhino Runner">Armour Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATK_motorcycles" class="mw-redirect" title="ATK motorcycles">ATK motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autocar_Company" title="Autocar Company">Autocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Bird_Corporation" title="Blue Bird Corporation">Blue Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czinger" title="Czinger">Czinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Patrol_Vehicle" title="Desert Patrol Vehicle">Chenowth Racing Products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Performance_Vehicles" title="Environmental Performance Vehicles">Environmental Performance Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equus_Bass_770" title="Equus Bass 770">Equus Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_River_(company)" title="Forest River (company)">Forest River</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Bus_Incorporated" title="Champion Bus Incorporated">Champion Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ElDorado_(bus_manufacturer)" title="ElDorado (bus manufacturer)">ElDorado National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaval_Bus" title="Glaval Bus">Glaval Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starcraft_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Starcraft Bus">Starcraft Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Motor_Company" title="Lincoln Motor Company">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Vehicle_Team" title="Special Vehicle Team">SVT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_Land_Systems" title="General Dynamics Land Systems">General Dynamics Land Systems</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">General Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buick" title="Buick">Buick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadillac_V_series" title="Cadillac V series">Cadillac V series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Performance" title="Chevrolet Performance">Chevrolet Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GMC_(marque)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (marque)">GMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillig" title="Gillig">Gillig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_Manufacturing_and_Engineering" title="Growler Manufacturing and Engineering">Growler Manufacturing and Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley-Davidson" title="Harley-Davidson">Harley-Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Club_Car" title="Club Car">Club Car</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_Search_and_Rescue_Tactical_Vehicle" title="Storm Search and Rescue Tactical Vehicle">HDT Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HME,_Incorporated" title="HME, Incorporated">HME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IC_Bus" title="IC Bus">IC Bus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Deere" title="John Deere">John Deere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma_Automotive" title="Karma Automotive">Karma Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffite_X-Road" title="Laffite X-Road">Laffite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenco_BearCat" title="Lenco BearCat">Lenco Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucid_Motors" title="Lucid Motors">Lucid Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_Trucks" title="Mack Trucks">Mack Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Luxury_Coaches" title="Millennium Luxury Coaches">Millennium Luxury Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Olson" title="Morgan Olson">Morgan Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motor_Coach_Industries" title="Motor Coach Industries">Motor Coach Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierce_Manufacturing" title="Pierce Manufacturing">Pierce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenworth" title="Kenworth">Kenworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterbilt" title="Peterbilt">Peterbilt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoz" title="Panoz">Panoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaris Industries">Polaris Industries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Electric_Motorcars" title="Global Electric Motorcars">Global Electric Motorcars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Motorcycle" title="Indian Motorcycle">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Motorcycles" title="Victory Motorcycles">Victory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REV_Group" title="REV Group">REV Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Enterprises" title="Fleetwood Enterprises">Fleetwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_Rambler" title="Holiday Rambler">Holiday Rambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Industries" title="Collins Industries">Laymor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeled_Coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheeled Coach">Wheeled Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivian" title="Rivian">Rivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuderia_Cameron_Glickenhaus" title="Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus">Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSC_North_America" title="SSC North America">SSC North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superformance" title="Superformance">Superformance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textron" title="Textron">Textron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cat" title="Arctic Cat">Arctic Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-Z-Go" class="mw-redirect" title="E-Z-Go">E-Z-Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushman_(company)" title="Cushman (company)">Cushman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans_Tech" title="Trans Tech">Trans Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilimaster_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Utilimaster Corporation">Ultimaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIA_Motors" title="VIA Motors">VIA Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLF_Automotive" title="VLF Automotive">VLF Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xos,_Inc." title="Xos, Inc.">Xos, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Motorcycles" title="Zero Motorcycles">Zero Motorcycles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Foreign <br />subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck_North_America" title="Daimler Truck North America">Daimler Truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Honda_Motor_Company" title="American Honda Motor Company">Honda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acura" title="Acura">Acura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company#Regional_operations" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kia#Kia_Motors_America" title="Kia">Kia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_USA" title="Mercedes-Benz USA">Mercedes-Benz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors_North_America" title="Mitsubishi Motors North America">Mitsubishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan_USA" title="Nissan USA">Nissan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infiniti" title="Infiniti">Infiniti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seres_Group" title="Seres Group">Seres Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seres_(automobiles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seres (automobiles)">Seres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Stellantis</a><sup>1</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_(brand)" title="Chrysler (brand)">Chrysler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodge" title="Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeep" title="Jeep">Jeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Trucks" title="Ram Trucks">Ram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_America" title="Subaru of America">Subaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_North_America" title="Toyota Motor North America">Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Engineering_%26_Manufacturing_North_America" title="Toyota Motor Engineering &amp; Manufacturing North America">Toyota Motor Engineering &amp; Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group_of_America" title="Volkswagen Group of America">Volkswagen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Defunct /<br /> former <sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allis-Chalmers" title="Allis-Chalmers">Allis-Chalmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Austin_Car_Company" title="American Austin Car Company">American Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kurrent" title="The Kurrent">American Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_LaFrance" title="American LaFrance">American LaFrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Motors_Corporation" title="American Motors Corporation">American Motors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Motor_Car_Company" title="Hudson Motor Car Company">Hudson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essex_(automobile)" title="Essex (automobile)">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraplane" title="Terraplane">Terraplane</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_Motors" title="Nash Motors">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambler_(automobile)" title="Rambler (automobile)">Rambler</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armored_Motor_Car_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored Motor Car Company">Armored</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn_Automobile" title="Auburn Automobile">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurica_Motors" title="Aurica Motors">Aurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoette" title="Autoette">Autoette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_(car)" title="Avanti (car)">Avanti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Company" title="Avery Company">Avery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Best_Manufacturing_Company" title="Best Manufacturing Company">BMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Electric_Vehicle" title="Boulder Electric Vehicle">Boulder Electric Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_Motors_Corporation" title="Carbon Motors Corporation">Carbon Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checker_Motors_Corporation" title="Checker Motors Corporation">Checker Motors Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Motor_Truck_Company" title="Clydesdale Motor Truck Company">Clydesdale Motor Truck Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coda_Automotive" title="Coda Automotive">Coda</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(automobile_company)" title="Commonwealth (automobile company)">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(automobile)" title="Cord (automobile)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Corporation" title="Case Corporation">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNH_Global" class="mw-redirect" title="CNH Global">CNH Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle-Scoot" title="Cycle-Scoot">Cycle-Scoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeLorean_Motor_Company" title="DeLorean Motor Company">DeLorean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamond-Star_Motors" title="Diamond-Star Motors">Diamond-Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duesenberg" title="Duesenberg">Duesenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durant_Motors" title="Durant Motors">Durant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flint_(automobile)" title="Flint (automobile)">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locomobile_Company_of_America" title="Locomobile Company of America">Locomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Truck" title="Mason Truck">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_(automobile)" title="Rugby (automobile)">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_(automobile)" title="Star (automobile)">Star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Bus">Eagle Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excalibur_(automobile)" title="Excalibur (automobile)">Excalibur</a></li> <li>FCA US <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(automobile)" title="Eagle (automobile)">Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_(automobile)" title="Plymouth (automobile)">Plymouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiberfab" title="Fiberfab">Fiberfab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitch_Four_Drive" title="Fitch Four Drive">Fitch Four Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Automotive" title="Fisker Automotive">Fisker Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Coachbuild" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Coachbuild">Fisker Coachbuild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_Protection_Inc" title="Force Protection Inc">Force Protection</a></li> <li>Ford <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Mark_II" title="Continental Mark II">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(automobile)" title="Mercury (automobile)">Mercury</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>General Motors <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartercar" title="Cartercar">Cartercar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmore_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elmore (automobile)">Elmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Diesel_Division" title="General Motors Diesel Division">GM Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geo_(automobile)" title="Geo (automobile)">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaSalle_(automobile)" title="LaSalle (automobile)">LaSalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_(automobile)" title="Marquette (automobile)">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaughlin_Motor_Car_Company" title="McLaughlin Motor Car Company">McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Motor_Car_Company" title="Oakland Motor Car Company">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile" title="Oldsmobile">Oldsmobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac_(automobile)" title="Pontiac (automobile)">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Corporation" title="Saturn Corporation">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps-Booth" title="Scripps-Booth">Scripps-Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheridan_(automobile)" title="Sheridan (automobile)">Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(automobile)" title="Viking (automobile)">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshen_Coach" title="Goshen Coach">Goshen Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Vehicles" title="Green Vehicles">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenTech_Automotive" title="GreenTech Automotive">GreenTech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henney_Kilowatt" title="Henney Kilowatt">Henney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Harvester" title="International Harvester">International Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_(automobile)" title="Jeffery (automobile)">Jeffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiser-Frazer" title="Kaiser-Frazer">Kaiser-Frazer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allstate_(automobile)" title="Allstate (automobile)">Allstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazer_(automobile)" title="Frazer (automobile)">Frazer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_J" title="Henry J">Henry J</a></li> <li>Kaiser</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willys" title="Willys">Willys</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Motors" title="Local Motors">Local</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathon_Motor_Works" title="Marathon Motor Works">Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marmon_Motor_Car_Company" title="Marmon Motor Car Company">Marmon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_(automobile)" title="Roosevelt (automobile)">Roosevelt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvel_(automobile)" title="Marvel (automobile)">Marvel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbro" title="Matbro">Matbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercer_(automobile)" title="Mercer (automobile)">Mercer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Coach_Corporation" title="Monaco Coach Corporation">Monaco Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosler_Automotive" title="Mosler Automotive">Mosler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MotoCzysz" title="MotoCzysz">MotoCzysz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntz_Car_Company" title="Muntz Car Company">Muntz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUMMI" title="NUMMI">New United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Bus_Industries" title="North American Bus Industries">North American Bus Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Farm_Equipment_Company" title="Oliver Farm Equipment Company">Oliver Farm Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard" title="Packard">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peerless_Motor_Company" title="Peerless Motor Company">Peerless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierce-Arrow_Motor_Car_Company" title="Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company">Pierce-Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebring_Vanguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebring Vanguard">Sebring Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Trucks" title="Sterling Trucks">Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker" title="Studebaker">Studebaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erskine_(automobile)" title="Erskine (automobile)">Erskine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockne" title="Rockne">Rockne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stutz_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Stutz Motor Company">Stutz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scion_(automobile)" title="Scion (automobile)">Scion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Century_Motor_Car_Corporation" title="Twentieth Century Motor Car Corporation">Twentieth Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Defense" title="United Defense">United Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Production_Group" title="Vehicle Production Group">VPG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_Vehicles" title="Visionary Vehicles">Visionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VL_Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="VL Automotive">VL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Motor_Company" title="White Motor Company">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_(motor_company)" title="Wildfire (motor company)">Wildfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP_(motor_company)" title="ZAP (motor company)">ZAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimmer_(automobile)" title="Zimmer (automobile)">Zimmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concept and <br />pre-production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Motor_Corporation" title="Alpha Motor Corporation">Alpha Motor Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptera_Motors" title="Aptera Motors">Aptera Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bollinger_Motors" title="Bollinger Motors">Bollinger Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoo" title="Canoo">Canoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter Cars">Commuter Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Motors" title="Elio Motors">Elio Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraday_Future" title="Faraday Future">Faraday Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisker_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisker Inc">Fisker Inc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordstown_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Lordstown Motors">Lordstown Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myers_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Myers Motors">Myers Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Corporation" title="Nikola Corporation">Nikola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trion_Supercars" title="Trion Supercars">Trion Supercars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMW_in_the_United_States" title="BMW in the United States">BMW Spartanburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Current_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Current_factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Honda_assembly_plants" title="List of Honda assembly plants">Honda (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Manufacturing_Alabama" title="Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama">Hyundai (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kia_design_and_manufacturing_facilities#Kia_Motors_Manufacturing_Georgia_(KMMG)" title="List of Kia design and manufacturing facilities">Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_U.S._International" title="Mercedes-Benz U.S. International">Mercedes-Benz (Alabama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subaru_of_Indiana_Automotive" title="Subaru of Indiana Automotive">Subaru (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tesla_factories" title="List of Tesla factories">Tesla (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Chattanooga_Assembly_Plant" title="Volkswagen Chattanooga Assembly Plant">Volkswagen (Chattanooga)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chrysler_factories#Current_factories" title="List of Chrysler factories">Chrysler (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_factories#Former_production_facilities" title="List of Ford factories">Ford (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_General_Motors_factories#Closed_or_sold_Factories" title="List of General Motors factories">General Motors (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Westmoreland_Assembly" title="Volkswagen Westmoreland Assembly">Volkswagen (Westmoreland)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auto component <br />makers and <br /><a href="/wiki/Performance_car" title="Performance car">performance car</a> <br />modders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allison_Transmission" title="Allison Transmission">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Expedition_Vehicles" title="American Expedition Vehicles">American Expedition Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aptiv" title="Aptiv">Aptiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BFGoodrich" title="BFGoodrich">BFGoodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callaway_Cars" title="Callaway Cars">Callaway Cars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Caterpillar Inc">Caterpillar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummins" title="Cummins">Cummins</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brammo" title="Brammo">Brammo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Diesel" title="Detroit Diesel">Detroit Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Corporation" title="Eaton Corporation">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firestone_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Firestone Tire and Rubber Company">Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Tire" title="General Tire">General Tire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Tire_%26_Rubber_Company" title="Cooper Tire &amp; Rubber Company">Cooper Tire &amp; Rubber Company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennessey_Performance_Engineering" title="Hennessey Performance Engineering">Hennessey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingersoll_Rand" title="Ingersoll Rand">Ingersoll Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_Classic_Trucks" title="Legacy Classic Trucks">Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingenfelter_Performance_Engineering" title="Lingenfelter Performance Engineering">Lingenfelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nexteer_Automotive" title="Nexteer Automotive">Nexteer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Motorcars" title="Phoenix Motorcars">Phoenix Motorcars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proterra_(bus_manufacturer)" title="Proterra (bus manufacturer)">Proterra (bus manufacturer)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remy_International" title="Remy International">Remy International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleen" title="Saleen">Saleen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_American" title="Shelby American">Shelby American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_and_Racing_Technology" title="Street and Racing Technology">SRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">Timken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrington_Company" title="Torrington Company">Torrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visteon" title="Visteon">Visteon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Design studios</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calty_Design_Research" title="Calty Design Research">Calty Design Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designworks" title="Designworks">Designworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezvani_Motors" title="Rezvani Motors">Rezvani Automotive Designs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheego_Electric_Cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheego Electric Cars">Wheego Electric Cars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By state</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Massachusetts" title="Automotive industry in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">AAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Auto_Show" title="Chicago Auto Show">Chicago Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">Interstate Highway System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_the_United_States" title="List of automobiles manufactured in the United States">List of automobiles manufactured in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_International_Auto_Show" title="New York International Auto Show">New York International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_International_Auto_Show" title="North American International Auto Show">North American International Auto Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">SAE International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup> Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.</li> <li><sup>2</sup> Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Automotive industry in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Great_Recession" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Great_Recession" title="Template:Great Recession"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Great_Recession" title="Template talk:Great Recession"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Great_Recession" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Great Recession"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Great_Recession" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession" title="Great Recession">Great Recession</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Africa" title="Great Recession in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_Americas" title="Great Recession in the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_South_America" title="Great Recession in South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Asia" title="Great Recession in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe" title="Great Recession in Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932011_Icelandic_financial_crisis" title="2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis">Iceland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Oceania" title="Great Recession in Oceania">Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010">Automotive industry crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932012_California_budget_crisis" title="2008–2012 California budget crisis">California budget crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_housing_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="United States housing bubble">Housing bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_housing_market_correction" class="mw-redirect" title="United States housing market correction">Housing market correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis" title="Subprime mortgage crisis">Subprime mortgage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking losses and fraud</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libor_scandal" title="Libor scandal">Libor scandal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayes_(trader)" title="Tom Hayes (trader)">Tom Hayes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_G%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale_trading_loss" title="2008 Société Générale trading loss">Société Générale trading loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forex_scandal" title="Forex scandal">Forex scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Madoff" title="Bernie Madoff">Bernie Madoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Petters" title="Tom Petters">Tom Petters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Rothstein" title="Scott W. Rothstein">Scott W. Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Stanford" title="Allen Stanford">Allen Stanford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation" title="Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation">Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Home_Loan_Banks" title="Federal Home Loan Banks">Federal Home Loan Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Administration" title="Federal Housing Administration">Federal Housing Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Finance_Agency" title="Federal Housing Finance Agency">Federal Housing Finance Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Housing_Finance_Board" title="Federal Housing Finance Board">Federal Housing Finance Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Reserve System">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_National_Mortgage_Association" title="Government National Mortgage Association">Government National Mortgage Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Asset_Management_Agency" title="National Asset Management Agency">National Asset Management Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Federal_Housing_Enterprise_Oversight" title="Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight">Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_the_Treasury_for_Financial_Stability" title="Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability">Office of Financial Stability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Financial_Investments" title="UK Financial Investments">UK Financial Investments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Government_policy_and_spending_responses" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government policy and spending responses</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking and finance<br /> stability and reform</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_(Special_Provisions)_Act_2008" title="Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008">Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Paper_Funding_Facility" title="Commercial Paper Funding Facility">Commercial Paper Funding Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_emergency_budget,_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish emergency budget, 2009">Irish emergency budget, 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Liquidity_Guarantee_Program" title="Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program">Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Term_Asset-Backed_Securities_Loan_Facility" title="Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility">Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_Kingdom_bank_rescue_package" title="2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package">2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bank_stress_tests" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bank stress tests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_European_Union_bank_stress_test" title="2010 European Union bank stress test">EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Supervisory_Capital_Assessment_Program" title="2009 Supervisory Capital Assessment Program">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stimulus and recovery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_European_Union_stimulus_plan" title="2008 European Union stimulus plan">2008 European Union stimulus plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Keynesian_resurgence" title="2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence">2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_economic_stimulus_program" title="Chinese economic stimulus program">Chinese economic stimulus program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Stimulus_Act_of_2008" title="Economic Stimulus Act of 2008">Economic Stimulus Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraud_Enforcement_and_Recovery_Act_of_2009" title="Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009">Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">Green New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Economic_Recovery_Act_of_2008" title="Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008">Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_fiscal_policy_response_to_the_Great_Recession" class="mw-redirect" title="National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession">National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_interest-rate_policy" title="Zero interest-rate policy">Zero interest-rate policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government interventions,<br /> rescues, and acquisitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_acquired_or_bankrupted_during_the_Great_Recession" title="List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession">List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Non-banking" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-banking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">General Motors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Securities involved <br /> and financial markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction_rate_security" title="Auction rate security">Auction rate securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateralized_debt_obligation" title="Collateralized debt obligation">Collateralized debt obligations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateralized_mortgage_obligation" title="Collateralized mortgage obligation">Collateralized mortgage obligations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_default_swap" title="Credit default swap">Credit default swaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage-backed_security" title="Mortgage-backed security">Mortgage-backed securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_mortgage_market" title="Secondary mortgage market">Secondary mortgage market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social responses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a> (United States; c. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_May_Day_protests" title="2009 May Day protests">2009 May Day protests</a> (Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> (MENA; 2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a> (worldwide; 2011–2012) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000s_energy_crisis" title="2000s energy crisis">2000s energy crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Central_Asia_energy_crisis" title="2008 Central Asia energy crisis">2008 Central Asia energy crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_Great_Recession_on_museums" title="Effects of the Great Recession on museums">Effects of the Great Recession on museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_newspapers" title="Decline of newspapers">Decline of newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_world_food_price_crisis" title="2007–2008 world food price crisis">2007–2008 world food price crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_apocalypse" title="Retail apocalypse">Retail apocalypse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_debt_crisis" title="European debt crisis">European debt crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_debt" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by public debt">List of countries by public debt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81965#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81965#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81965#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403963355">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000113442199">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/149730335">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1021287-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="General Motors Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79079577">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11996124f">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11996124f">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628674">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35117690">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="General Motors Corporation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=kn20050425032&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="General Motors Company"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ko2005275540&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/155473">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90598578">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000186395&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000509184&amp;local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810583201405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007261513805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058512527806706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07024379?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500255562">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102440">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031285201">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041979">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐thrbb Cached time: 20241122140419 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 3.183 seconds Real time usage: 3.831 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 25258/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 731745/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 22879/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 26/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1000362/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.843/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 12921101/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 320 ms 16.5% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 260 ms 13.4% ? 180 ms 9.3% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 140 ms 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