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id="toc-Original_diets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Original_diets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Original diets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Original_diets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iberia_under_the_Moors:_Meat/eggs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iberia_under_the_Moors:_Meat/eggs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Iberia under the Moors: Meat/eggs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iberia_under_the_Moors:_Meat/eggs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_Reconquista:_Blech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_Reconquista:_Blech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Post Reconquista: Blech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_Reconquista:_Blech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Columbian_Exchange:_Potatoes,_tomatoes,_harissa,_beans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Columbian_Exchange:_Potatoes,_tomatoes,_harissa,_beans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Columbian Exchange: Potatoes, tomatoes, harissa, beans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Columbian_Exchange:_Potatoes,_tomatoes,_harissa,_beans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_and_Eastern_European" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_and_Eastern_European"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Central and Eastern European</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_and_Eastern_European-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_and_South_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_and_South_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>North and South America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_and_South_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communal_cooking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communal_cooking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Communal cooking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communal_cooking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Cholent</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9" title="سخينة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سخينة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Чолент – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чолент" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tx%C3%B3lent" title="Txólent – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Txólent" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0oulet" title="Šoulet – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šoulet" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tscholent" title="Tscholent – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tscholent" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cholent" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AA" title="شولنت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شولنت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcholent" title="Tcholent – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tcholent" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%90%EB%9F%B0%ED%8A%B8" title="촐런트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="촐런트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Չոլնտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չոլնտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cholent" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cholent" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9F" title="חמין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholent" title="Cholent – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cholent" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sólet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A7%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88" title="チョレント – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チョレント" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsjolent" title="Tsjolent – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tsjolent" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czulent" title="Czulent – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czulent" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcholent" title="Tcholent – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tcholent" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciolent" title="Ciolent – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ciolent" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Чолнт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чолнт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Човлент – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Човлент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%98" title="טשאלנט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשאלנט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1433558#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cholent" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cholent" rel="discussion" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ashkenazi Jewish Sabbath stew</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span><i>Cholent</i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chol_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Chol_001.jpg/250px-Chol_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Chol_001.jpg/375px-Chol_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Chol_001.jpg/500px-Chol_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Schalet</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_stew" title="Sabbath stew">Sabbath stew</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name">France<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data author"><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Whole_grains" class="mw-redirect" title="Whole grains">Whole grains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cholent" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cholent">Media: <i>Cholent</i></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cholent</b> or <b>Schalet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Yiddish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yiddish language">Yiddish</a>: <span lang="yi" dir="rtl">טשאָלנט</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Yiddish" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Yiddish">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">tsholnt</i></span>) is a traditional slow-simmering <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_stew" title="Sabbath stew">Sabbath stew</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a> that was developed by <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jews</a> first in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is first mentioned in the 12th century.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is related to and is thought to have been derived from <a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">hamin</a>, a similar Sabbath stew that emerged in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> among <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> and made its way to France by way of <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Max_Weinreich" title="Max Weinreich">Max Weinreich</a> traces the etymology of <i>cholent</i> to the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> present participle <i>calentem</i> (an <a href="/wiki/Accusative" class="mw-redirect" title="Accusative">accusative</a> form of <i>calēns</i>), meaning "that which is hot" (as in <i>calorie</i>), via <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">chalant</i></span> (present participle of <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">chalt</i></span>, from the verb <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">chaloir</i></span>, "to warm").<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One widely quoted <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> derives the word from <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">chaud</i></span> ("hot") and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">lent</i></span> ("slow").<sup id="cite_ref-Stein,_46_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein,_46-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another folk etymology derives <i>cholent</i> (or <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">sholen</i></span>) from <span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">שלן</span></span>, which means "that rested [overnight]", referring to the tradition of Jewish families placing their individual pots of cholent into the town baker's ovens that always stayed hot and slow-cooked the food overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another mooted etymology is from Old French <i>chaudes lentilles</i> (hot lentils). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tscholent-3924_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Tscholent-3924_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2069" data-file-height="1833" /></a><figcaption>Cholent</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_stew" title="Sabbath stew">Sabbath stew</a></div> <p>Shabbat stews were developed over the centuries to conform with <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Jewish laws</a> that prohibit cooking on the Sabbath. The pot is brought to a boil on Friday before the Sabbath begins, and sometimes kept on a <a href="/wiki/Blech" title="Blech">blech</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hotplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotplate">hotplate</a>, or left in a slow oven or electric <a href="/wiki/Slow_cooker" title="Slow cooker">slow cooker</a>, until the following day. Cholent originated as a barley <a href="/wiki/Porridge" title="Porridge">porridge</a> in ancient <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> as a type of "<a href="/wiki/Harisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harisa">harisa</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the centuries various <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> communities created their own variations of the dish based on local food resources and neighborhood influence. </p><p>There are many variations of the dish, which is standard in both the <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a> kitchens and among other communities.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The basic ingredients of cholent are <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bean" title="Bean">beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> though all shabbat stews contain some type of grain and meat or featured <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable</a>. Slow overnight cooking allows the flavors of the various ingredients to permeate and produces the characteristic taste of each local stew. </p><p>In traditional <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi">Ashkenazi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sephardi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardi">Sephardi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahi</a> families, stew is the hot <a href="/wiki/Main_course" title="Main course">main course</a> of the midday Shabbat meal served on Saturdays typically after the morning synagogue services for practicing Jews. <a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Secular Jewish</a> families also serve stews like cholent or eat them in Israeli restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For practicing Jews, lighting a fire and cooking food are among the <a href="/wiki/Activities_prohibited_on_Shabbat" class="mw-redirect" title="Activities prohibited on Shabbat">activities prohibited on Shabbat</a> by the written <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, cooked Shabbat food must be prepared before the onset of the Jewish Shabbat at sunset Friday night. </p><p>Cholent was first mentioned by name 1180 CE by R. Yitzhak ben Moshe of Vienna who says "I saw in France in the home of my teacher R. Yehuda bar Yitzhak that sometimes their cholent pots were buried. And on Shabbat before the meal, the servants light the fire near the cauldrons so that they warm well, and some remove them and bring them close to the fire".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg/200px-DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg/300px-DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg/400px-DSC_0017_Cholent_-_Khamin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4948" data-file-height="3280" /></a><figcaption>Cholent in the process of cooking</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cholent_pot_(3423469127).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="a copper pot inscribed with Hebrew letters and floral scrollwork" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg/200px-Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg/300px-Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg/400px-Cholent_pot_%283423469127%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Cholent pot, Eastern Europe, ca. 1700.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of <i>cholent</i> date back to the 11th century, when the Christian <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus" title="Al-Andalus">Al-Andalus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Spain">Islamic Spain</a>, when culinary techniques from the Moorish period spread northwards into Europe through <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>. In the late 12th or early 13th century, the Sephardic <a href="/wiki/Sabbath_stew" title="Sabbath stew">Sabbath stew</a> known as <i><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">hamin</a></i> became a part of the traditions of the Jews of France.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the French <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jewish</a> population, the traditional stew was renamed <i>tsholnt</i>, <i>cholent</i> or <i>schalet</i>, likely from the old French for warm, <i>chald</i> or <i>chalt</i> (the antecedent of today's <i>chaud</i>), or from <i>chald-de-lit</i> ("warmth of the bed").<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 13th century, the stew is described as having become widespread in Bohemia and Germany. Originally made with <a href="/wiki/Fava_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fava beans">fava beans</a>, the <i>cholent</i> of the French Ashkenazi was substituted with dried <a href="/wiki/Haricot_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Haricot beans">haricot beans</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> in the sixteenth century. Since then, <a href="/wiki/White_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="White beans">white beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_kidney_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Red kidney beans">red kidney beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pinto_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinto beans">pinto beans</a>, and dried <a href="/wiki/Lima_beans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lima beans">lima beans</a> have all become common ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Romanians add <a href="/wiki/Chickpeas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chickpeas">chickpeas</a> in "a remnant of the <a href="/wiki/Sephardic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sephardic">Sephardic</a> influence due to <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> control of the area".<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since European agriculture favoured <a href="/wiki/Bread_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread wheat">bread wheat</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Durum" class="mw-redirect" title="Durum">durum</a>, substitutions were made. In Germany, <a href="/wiki/Spelt" title="Spelt">spelt</a> became common in <i>cholent</i>, while in Eastern Europe, the grain of choice became <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usual choice of meat in cholent is beef, either flank or <a href="/wiki/Brisket" title="Brisket">brisket</a>, or, occasionally in Western and Central Europe, goose or duck.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the mid-19th century, Polish <i>cholent</i> featured generous amounts of potato, while Hungarian <i>cholent</i> used no potato at all.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German variations added root vegetables. Onions might be added fried or raw, alongside garlic. The stew might also be sweetened with honey, sugar, or fruit, and spiced with <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Bay_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay leaves">bay leaves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diasporic_dispersal">Diasporic dispersal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diasporic dispersal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Jewish diaspora</a> grew with Jewish migrations into Europe, North Africa, and elsewhere in the Middle East and Central Asia, Jewish diaspora communities developed their own variations of the dish based on the local climate, available ingredients and local influence.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Cooper in argues that shabbat stews like cholent would have spread from Jerusalem east towards Babylon and simultaneously across the Mediterranean by North Africa into Iberia and eventually Italy and France<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Marks cites Persian, Yemen, and Italian communities to predate Sephardim in Iberia.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_diets">Original diets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Original diets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most accessible foods to Jews living in Israel before the destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a> are likely to have been the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_triad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean triad">Mediterranean triad</a>: grain, oil and wine, which were available at low cost and vast amounts. While both wheat and barley were grown in Israel, barley was more likely to supplement inland Palestine. Cooper argues wheat would have been twice as expensive as barley which could grow in rougher soils closer to Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barley could also be harvested earlier ensuring multiple crops in the same season.<sup id="cite_ref-Marks_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meats were considered <a href="/wiki/Luxury_goods" title="Luxury goods">luxury goods</a> that few could afford except on special occasions like Shabbat and other holidays. Lambs and goats would have been popular as they grazed in arid climates and provided supplementary products like wool and milk while cattle were more expensive to maintain and priced as sacrificial.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iberia_under_the_Moors:_Meat/eggs"><span id="Iberia_under_the_Moors:_Meat.2Feggs"></span>Iberia under the Moors: Meat/eggs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Iberia under the Moors: Meat/eggs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chicken was likely domesticated in Southeast Asia and popularized in Ur around 2100 BCE though the Israelites would have been less likely to eat it due to association of Roman sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the 8th century, the upkeep for chickens meant they could only be raised in small numbers making them a delicacy few could afford outside of Shabbat.<sup id="cite_ref-Gross,_67_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross,_67-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gentile "olla podrida" rose in popularity in the 13th century featuring a porridge with vegetables, spices, and meat, usually cattle. 14th century famine in Northern Europe caused a rise in cattle prices near Western Europe and North Africa<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper,_103_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper,_103-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where most Jews were living under Moorish peace<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as Muslim Umayyad Empire was more tolerant of Abrahamic religions. This led to chicken replacing cattle as livestock and resulted in mass recipe changes to accommodate access of resources in Iberia and Northern Africa. </p><p>The increase in chicken led to a surplus of eggs as a renewable resource. "Huevos haminados" began to describe the long process of long roasting eggs in hamin pots overnight that produced a signature aroma. The concept of "re'ach nicho'ach" describes the direct line of spiritual connection of scents from the nose to the soul.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> giving the egg an extra spiritual strength for Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kabbalah, the eggs are even watched over by an angel.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_Reconquista:_Blech">Post Reconquista: Blech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post Reconquista: Blech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rise of the Spanish conquest of Iberia, known as the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>, stretched from as early as the establishment of Christian Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Asturias" title="Asturias">Asturias</a> in the early 8th century<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the surrendering of Granada in 1492 by the ruling Moorish Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jews were faced with limited options after the <a href="/wiki/Alhambra_Decree" title="Alhambra Decree">Alhambra Decree</a> expelled non-Christian religious practices or face expulsion. Jews who migrated west across the Mediterranean after the destruction of the Second Temple became known as "Sephardic" Jews (literally Spanish Jews)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and often reintegrated themselves to well established Jewish communities in North Africa or even the Ottoman Empire where <a href="/wiki/Ladino_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladino language">ladino language</a>, a mix of Hebrew and Spanish, began to explode in popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jews "conversos" (converts) converted, either sincerely or as a ruse, began to mainstream Jewish practices into Iberian culture. Sephardim who remained religious learned to hide observation of shabbat by "hiding" or "concealing" their pots in the embers of household fires or underground ovens from their Christian neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamin became known as adafina or dafina as local ingredients changed hamin's base to a rice and chicken dish to match local practices. Stews like "gallina al vinegreta" began to rise in popularity nationally around the same making the ingredients almost indistinguishable.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The slow warming of the embers inspired an extra layer of precaution to the prohibition of cooking on shabbat, the blech. The blech covers a fire or modern stovetops to prevent cooking while allowing heat to transfer from one item to another indirectly as a warm source without "kindling".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hamin, scheena and cholent all commonly use a blech pinpointing their distinctions to a similar time period.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unique cooking requirements of were later the inspiration for the invention of the slow cooker.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNET_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNET-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Columbian_Exchange:_Potatoes,_tomatoes,_harissa,_beans"><span id="Columbian_Exchange:_Potatoes.2C_tomatoes.2C_harissa.2C_beans"></span>Columbian Exchange: Potatoes, tomatoes, harissa, beans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Columbian Exchange: Potatoes, tomatoes, harissa, beans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Even in ancient Israel, it is likely that vegetables supplemented stews with native vegetables like leek, garlic, and onions, which were more accessible to poorer communities like future Ashkenazi.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians have little proof other than modern economic trends; these recipes were not well-documented at the time, and the decomposition of vegetables makes it difficult to find conclusive archaeological evidence of their presence in any given period.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbian Exchange">Columbian Exchange</a>, new vegetables like <a href="/wiki/Potato" title="Potato">potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, and beans rose in popularity. They offered more substantial nutrients at lower costs than meats but with more flavor than barley, wheat, or rice. In the Maghreb, a South American hot chili pepper called "harissa" thrived in the region's soil. Slow cooking crushed wheat, tomatoes, and harissa created a spicy sauce that added new flavors to classic rice dishes.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beans from the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> rapidly replaced barley and rice used in North Africa and Europe. In Greece and Turkey, "avicas" substituted the rice in hamin with white beans and even smaller haricot beans left over from Shabbat's Friday night dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Israel, cholent has become a dish widely available in restaurants. In 2013, <i>cholenterias</i>, casual restaurants specializing in cholent, emerged in <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> neighborhoods of Jerusalem, and became the premier night hangout areas for Haredi men. Soon afterwards, cholent dishes spread to restaurants in secular areas.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sephardim in Tel Aviv originated "sofrito" made of beef, potatoes, and various spices eaten at Friday night shabbat dinners and added to the main meal the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_and_Eastern_European">Central and Eastern European</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Central and Eastern European"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, the Netherlands, and other western European countries the special hot dish for the Shabbat lunch is known as <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">schalet</i></span>, <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">shalent</i></span>, or <span title="Yiddish-language romanization"><i lang="yi-Latn">shalet</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jewish people of Hungary adapted the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a> dish <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet">sólet</a> to serve the same purpose as cholent. Sólet was likely modified by the Jewish people living in <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Magyars" class="mw-redirect" title="Magyars">Magyars</a> arrived.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This pork version of solet became so popular that it is sold across the country as a canned good in grocery stores.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Italy, pasta is a common substitute for beans or rice in shabbat stews<sup id="cite_ref-Stein,_46_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein,_46-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is called "hamin macaron" when sampled in Iberia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of Chassidism in the late 18th century popularized black beans in Eastern Europe as the Bal Shem Tov's favorite bean<sup id="cite_ref-Marks,_43_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marks,_43-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Alsatian Cholent in France featured lima beans.<sup id="cite_ref-Nathan,_166_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nathan,_166-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_and_South_America">North and South America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: North and South America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To honor the tradition of eggs in cholent, some American Jews long roast meatloaves for Friday night and place whole eggs to be peeled and eaten.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The Kosher Cajun Cookbook</i> features New Orleans-style Cajun food with kosher substitutes like gumbo and jambalaya.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puerto Rican hamin is considered a stewed "arroz con pollo."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communal_cooking">Communal cooking</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Communal cooking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Shtetl" title="Shtetl">shtetls</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, religious neighborhoods in Jerusalem, and other cities in the Land of Israel before the advent of electricity and cooking gas, a pot with the assembled but uncooked ingredients was brought to the local baker before sunset on Fridays. The baker would put the pot with the cholent mixture in his oven, which was always kept fired, and families would come by to pick up their cooked cholent on Saturday mornings. The same practice was observed in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, where black pots of s'hina were placed overnight in bakers' ovens and then delivered by bakers' assistants to households on Shabbat morning.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jewish stews were characterized by flour paste used to seal pots to prevent cooking and tampering which could cause the meal to become treif.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/48px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stews" title="List of stews">List of stews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocido_madrile%C3%B1o" title="Cocido madrileño">Cocido madrileño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_Hamin" title="Macaroni Hamin">Macaroni Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic Jewish cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_foods" title="Kosher foods">Kosher foods</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Marks-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marks_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMarks2010" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Marks, Gil (2010). "Cholent/Schalet". <i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Foods</i>. HMH. p. 40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cholent%2FSchalet&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Jewish+Foods&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=HMH&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=Gil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACholent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabbi Yitzahk ben Moishe or "Zaruah" in his <i>Mishnah Torah</i>. Or Zaruah, part 2, Hilhot Erev Shabbat, 3b.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Max Weinreich, <i>History of the Yiddish Language</i>, (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press,1980), p. 400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Einhorn, <i>Old French: A Concise Handbook</i>, (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press,1974), 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stein,_46-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stein,_46_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein,_46_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein, 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aaron Gross, Feasting and Fasting: The History and Ethics of Jewish Food, 376, (New York, NY: New York University Press, 2019), 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035984.html">A Pot Full of Beans and Love</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081114012910/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1035984.html">Archived</a> 2008-11-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Haaretz</i>, 10 November 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yotam Ottolenghi and Sami Tamimi, <i>Jerusalem : a Cookbook,</i> 1st U.S. ed. (Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Exodus: 35:1–3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/ancient-jewish-dish-of-cholent-is-now-a-melting-pot-of-israeli-cuisine/">"Ancient Jewish dish of cholent is now a melting pot of Israeli cuisine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101143806/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ancient-jewish-dish-of-cholent-is-now-a-melting-pot-of-israeli-cuisine/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Ancient+Jewish+dish+of+cholent+is+now+a+melting+pot+of+Israeli+cuisine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fancient-jewish-dish-of-cholent-is-now-a-melting-pot-of-israeli-cuisine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACholent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Cooper, <i>Eat and Be Satisfied : A Social History of Jewish Food</i>, (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1993), 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maimonides, <i>The 613 Mitzvot</i>, “Positive Commandment 89”.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gil Marks, Encyclopedia of Jewish Foods, 656 (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2010),118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gross,_67-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gross,_67_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper,_103-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper,_103_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ilan Stavans, <i>Jewish Literature:</i> A Very Short Introduction, 150 (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021), 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brumberg-Kraus, 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Idit Pintel-Ginsberg, <i>The Angel and the Cholent: Food Representation from the Israel FolkTale Archives</i>, (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press), 127 and 156–159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pintel-Ginsberg, 129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Collins" title="Roger Collins">Roger Collins</a>, <i>The Arab Conquest of Spain,</i> (Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing, 1989).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Trevor J. Dadson, <i>Tolerance and Coexistence in Early Modern Spain: Old Christians and Moriscos in the Campo de Calatrava,</i> (Boydell & Brewer Ltd., 2014) 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stavans, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hannah Pressman, "What is the History of Ladino and its Alphabet", in <i>Stroum Center for Jewish Studies Newsletter</i>, (Seattle, WA: Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan, 218–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nissan Dovid Dubov, <i>The Laws of Cooking on Shabbos</i>, (Brooklyn, NY: Sichos In English, 2001), 8.1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stein, 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaxon,_Lenore2013" class="citation web cs1">Naxon, Lenore (8 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701055537/http://www.beyondbubbie.com/my-dad-the-inventor-of-the-crock-pot/">"My Dad, the Inventor of the Crock Pot"</a>. <i>Beyond Bubbie</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beyondbubbie.com/my-dad-the-inventor-of-the-crock-pot/">the original</a> on 1 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beyond+Bubbie&rft.atitle=My+Dad%2C+the+Inventor+of+the+Crock+Pot&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft.au=Naxon%2C+Lenore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beyondbubbie.com%2Fmy-dad-the-inventor-of-the-crock-pot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACholent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNET-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CNET_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilkington2014" class="citation web cs1">Pilkington, Katie (January 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/from-humble-to-high-tech-a-slow-cooker-history/">"From humble to high tech, a slow cooker history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161230085833/https://www.cnet.com/news/from-humble-to-high-tech-a-slow-cooker-history/">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+humble+to+high+tech%2C+a+slow+cooker+history&rft.pub=CNET&rft.date=2014-01-31&rft.aulast=Pilkington&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Ffrom-humble-to-high-tech-a-slow-cooker-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACholent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 2 and 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paola Gavin, "Red Hot Chili Peppers", in <i>Tablet Magazine</i>, (New York, NY: Nextbook Inc., 2022).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marks, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/02/05/cholent-craze-secular-tel-aviv/">"A Cholent Craze in Secular Tel Aviv"</a>. 5 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302092137/http://www.hadassahmagazine.org/2018/02/05/cholent-craze-secular-tel-aviv/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Cholent+Craze+in+Secular+Tel+Aviv&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadassahmagazine.org%2F2018%2F02%2F05%2Fcholent-craze-secular-tel-aviv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACholent" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gur, 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, 183–90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raphael Patai, <i>The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology</i>, (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1996), 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gross, 235–250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gur, 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marks,_43-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marks,_43_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marks, 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nathan,_166-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nathan,_166_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lebewohl, 68–70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mildred L. Covert, and Sylvia P. Gerson. <i>Kosher Cajun Cookbook</i>, 256 (Gretna, La: Pelican Pub. Co., 1987).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan, 102–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathan, 163.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cholent&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ben Zeev, Miriam. <i>Diaspora Judaism in Turmoil, 116/117 CE: Ancient Sources and Modern Insights.</i> Dudley, MA: Peeters, 2005.</li> <li>Brumberg-Kraus, Jonathan. <i>Gastronomic Judaism as Culinary Midrash</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, an imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc., 2019.</li> <li>Cohen, Jake. <i>Jew-Ish : Reinvented Recipes from a Modern Mensch : a Cookbook</i>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021.</li> <li>Cooper, Alanna. “Bukharan Jews.” In Oxford Bibliographies. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017 rev. 2021, https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199840731/obo-9780199840731-0146.xml#:~:text=Bukharan%20Jews%20(also%20known%20as,states%20of%20Uzbekistan%20and%20Tajikistan.</li> <li>Cooper, John. <i>Eat and Be Satisfied : a Social History of Jewish Food</i>. Northvale, N.J: Jason Aronson, 1993.</li> <li>Covert, Mildred L., and Sylvia P. Gerson. <i>Kosher Cajun Cookbook</i>. Gretna, La: Pelican Pub. Co., 1987.</li> <li>Diner, Hasia R., Simone Cinotto, and Carlo Petrini. <i>Global Jewish Foodways : a History</i>. Edited by Hasia R. Diner and Simone Cinotto. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2018.</li> <li>Dubov, Nissan Dovid. <i>The Laws of Cooking on Shabbos</i>. Brooklyn, NY: Sichos In English, 2001.</li> <li>Elais and Gary. “Lamb Harissa & Gazelle’s Horns.” Santa Fe, NM: Made In Marrow, 2019, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://madeinmarrow.com/food-stories/lamb-harissa-gazelles-horns/">Made In Marrow's Meal 57: Lamb Harissa & Gazelle's Horns</a>.</li> <li>Ganzfried, Solomon ben Joseph, Hyman E. Goldin, Joseph ben Ephraim Karo, and Hyman E. Goldin. <i>Code of Jewish Law = Kitzur Shulḥan Aruḥ : a Compilation of Jewish Laws and Customs</i>. Annotated rev. ed. Rockaway Beach, N.Y: Hebrew Pub. Co., 1993.</li> <li>Gavin, Paola. “Red Hot Chili Peppers.” In Tablet Magazine. New York, NY: Nextbook Inc., 2022.</li> <li>Golstein, Rabbi Zalman. <i>Going Kosher in 30 Days! : An Easy Step-By-Step Guide for the Rest of Us.</i> Monsey, NY: Jewish Learning Group, 2013.</li> <li>González-Salinero, Raúl. <i>Military Service and the Integration of Jews into the Roman Empire</i>.” Leiden and Boston, MA: The Brill Reference Library of Judaism, 2022.</li> <li>Gross, Aaron S., Jody Elizabeth Myers, Jordan Rosenblum, Hasia R. Diner, and Jonathan Safran Foer. <i>Feasting and Fasting : the History and Ethics of Jewish Food</i>. Edited by Aaron S. Gross, Jody Elizabeth Myers, and Jordan Rosenblum. New York: New York University Press, 2019.</li> <li>Gur, Janna. <i>The Book of New Israeli Food : a Culinary Journey</i>. 1st American ed. New York: Schocken Books, 2007.</li> <li>Haber, Joel. "Chulent and Hamin: The Ultimate Jewish Comfort Food: Celebrating the Most Jewish Food With 12 International Recipes." In <i>The Taste of Jewish Culture</i>. San Francisco, CA: Word Press, 2022, https://www.tasteofjew.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Chulent-Hamin.pdf.</li> <li>Haber, Joel “Ferik-Egyptian Hamin.” In <i>The Taste of Jewish Culture</i>. Jerusalem, Israel: Aish.com, 2022, https://aish.com/ferik-egyptian-hamin/.</li> <li>Hackett, Conrad and Grim, Brian J. et al. “The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups as of 2010.” In The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life. Washington D.C.: The Pew Research Center's Forum on Religion and Public Life, 2012.</li> <li>Heschel, Abraham Joshua. <i>The Sabbath : Its Meaning for Modern Man</i>. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.</li> <li>Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan, and Charles Perry. <i>A Baghdad Cookery Book: the Book of Dishes (Kitāb Al-Ṭabīkh)</i>. Totnes: Prospect, 2005.</li> <li>Johnson, George. “Scholars Debate Roots of Yiddish, Migration of Jews.” In The New York Times. New York, NY: The New York Times, October 29, 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/29/science/scholars-debate-roots-of-yiddish-migration-of-jews.html .</li> <li>Judah, Yehudah ibn Tibon and Abraham Zifroni. <i>Sefer ha-Kuzari</i>. Tel Aviv, Israel: Schoken Publishing House, 1970.</li> <li>Kimiagarov, Amnun. <i>Classic Central Asian (Bukharian) Jewish Cuisine and Customs.</i> New York, NY: Alpha Translation & Publishing, 2010.</li> <li>Karo, Joseph ben Ephraim, Moses ben Israel Isserles, and Yitsḥak ben Aharon. <i>Shulḥan ʻarukh  ...</i> Krakow: Sons of Isaac Prustits, 1618.</li> <li>Language and Culture Archive of Ashkenazic Jewry Digital Archive, <i>Columbia University Libraries.</i> New York, NY: Columbia University, 2022, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guides.library.columbia.edu/lcaaj">Research Guides: Language and Culture Archive of Ashkenazic Jewry Digital Archive User Guide: Introduction</a>.</li> <li>Lebewohl, Sharon., and Rena. Bulkin. <i>The 2nd Ave Deli Cookbook : Recipes and Memories from Abe Lebewohl’s Legendary New York Kitchen</i>. New York: Villard, 1999.</li> <li>Maimonides. <i>The 613 Mitzvot</i> or <i>Sefer Hamitzvos</i>. Translated by Berel Bell. Brooklyn, NY: Sichos in English, 2006.</li> <li>Marks, Gil.  <i>Encyclopedia of Jewish Foods.</i> Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.</li> <li>Nathan, Joan. <i>Jewish Cooking in America</i>. Expanded edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1998.</li> <li>Newhouse, Alana, Stephanie Butnick, Noah Fecks, Joana Avillez, and Gabriella Gershenson. <i>The 100 Most Jewish Foods : a Highly Debatable List</i>. Edited by Alana Newhouse, Stephanie Butnick, and Gabriella Gershenson. New York: Artisan, 2019.</li> <li>Ottolenghi, Yotam., and Sami. Tamimi. <i>Jerusalem : a Cookbook</i>. 1st U.S. ed. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 2012.</li> <li>Pintel-Ginsberg, Idit. <i>The Angel and the Cholent : Food Representation from the Israel Folktale Archives.</i> Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2021.</li> <li>Pressman, Hannah. “What is the History of Ladino and its Alphabet”. In <i>Stroum Center for Jewish Studies Newsletter.</i> Seattle, WA: Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington, 2020, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishstudies.washington.edu/sephardic-studies/history-of-soletreo-david-bunis-devin-naar/">What is the history of Ladino and its alphabet?</a>.</li> <li>Richardson, Peter and Amy Marie Fisher. <i>Herod : King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans</i>. Second edition. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2018.</li> <li>Shor, Leanne. “This Bukharian Jewish Meaty Rice Dish is the Crockpot Meal You Need.” In <i>JMore Baltimore Living</i>. Baltimore, MD: Maryland Jewish Media, 2018, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jmoreliving.com/2018/10/23/this-bukharian-jewish-meaty-rice-dish-is-the-crockpot-meal-you-need/#recipe">This Bukharian Jewish Meaty Rice Dish is the Crockpot Meal You Need</a>.</li> <li>Stavans, Ilan. <i>Jewish Literature : a Very Short Introduction</i>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021.</li> <li>Stein, Lori and Ronald H. Isaacs. <i>Let’s Eat : Jewish Food and Faith</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018.</li> <li>Tauber, Yanki. <i>Beyond the Letter of Law: A Chassidic Companion to the Talmud’s Ethics of the Fathers.</i> 1st edition. Brooklyn NY: Vaad Hanochos Hatmimim, 1994.</li> <li>Yitzahk ben Moishe or “Zaruah” in his <i>Mishnah Torah</i>. Or Zaruah, part 2, Hilhot Erev Shabbat, 3b</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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(liturgy)">Shalom Aleichem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Kiddush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemirot" title="Zemirot">Zemirot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqashot" title="Baqashot">Baqashot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_reading" title="Torah reading">Torah reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Torah_portion" title="Weekly Torah portion">Weekly Torah portion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shnayim_mikra_ve-echad_targum" title="Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum">Shnayim mikra ve-echad targum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maftir" title="Maftir">Maftir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haftarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Haftarah">Haftarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_meals" title="Shabbat meals">Shabbat meals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seudah_shlishit" title="Seudah shlishit">Seudah shlishit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triennial_cycle" title="Triennial cycle">Triennial cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah_study" title="Torah study">Torah study</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_wine" title="Kosher wine">Kosher wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket (Jewish dish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorschmack" title="Vorschmack">Vorschmack</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_candles" title="Shabbat candles">Shabbat candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blech" title="Blech">Blech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah_cover" title="Challah cover">Challah cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush#Rituals" title="Kiddush">Kiddush cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Laws</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melakha" class="mw-redirect" title="Melakha">Melakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_mile" title="Biblical mile">Biblical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath" title="Biblical Sabbath">Biblical Sabbath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_on_Shabbat" title="Driving on Shabbat">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_on_Shabbat" title="Electricity on Shabbat">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv" title="Eruv">Eruv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_tavshilin" title="Eruv tavshilin">Eruv tavshilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eruv_techumin" title="Eruv techumin">Eruv techumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_food_preparation" title="Sabbath food preparation">Food preparation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grama_(halacha)" title="Grama (halacha)">Grama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktzeh" title="Muktzeh">Muktzeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinically_prohibited_activities_of_Shabbat" title="Rabbinically prohibited activities of Shabbat">Rabbinic prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_(Talmud)" title="Shabbat (Talmud)">Shabbat (Talmud)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbos_goy" title="Shabbos goy">Shabbos goy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinuy" title="Shinuy">Shinuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shomer_Shabbat" title="Shomer Shabbat">Shomer Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Innovations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KosherSwitch" title="KosherSwitch">KosherSwitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zomet_Institute" title="Zomet Institute">Zomet Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_elevator" title="Shabbat elevator">Shabbat elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_lamp" title="Shabbat lamp">Shabbat lamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbath_mode" title="Sabbath mode">Sabbath mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat_pedestrian_crossing" title="Shabbat pedestrian crossing">Shabbat pedestrian crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_Shabbat" title="Special Shabbat">Special Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabbaton" title="Shabbaton">Shabbaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_of_Passover_on_Shabbat" title="Eve of Passover on Shabbat">Eve of Passover on Shabbat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Motza%27ei_Shabbat" title="Motza'ei Shabbat">Motza'ei Shabbat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush_levana" title="Kiddush levana">Kiddush levana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">Havdalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaveh_Malkah" title="Melaveh Malkah">Melaveh Malkah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Shabbat_topics" title="List of Shabbat topics">List of Shabbat topics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jewish_cuisine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jewish_cuisine" title="Template talk:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish_cuisine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jewish cuisine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jewish_cuisine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Jewish cuisine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Ancient Israelite cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_kosher_meat_boycott" title="1902 kosher meat boycott">1902 kosher meat boycott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_patronage_of_Chinese_restaurants" title="Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants">Jewish-American patronage of Chinese restaurants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain Jewish cuisine">Mountain Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Moroccan Jewish cuisine">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Syrian Jewish cuisine">Syrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jewish_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemenite Jewish cuisine">Yemenite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious dietary laws and related terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fleishig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleishig">Fleishig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">Hechsher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitniyot" title="Kitniyot">Kitniyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher">Kosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_by_ingredient" title="Kosher by ingredient">Kosher by ingredient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_airline_meal" title="Kosher airline meal">Kosher airline meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_for_Passover" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher for Passover">Kosher for Passover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher-style" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher-style">Kosher-style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashgiach" title="Mashgiach">Mashgiach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milchig" class="mw-redirect" title="Milchig">Milchig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareve" title="Pareve">Pareve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechita" title="Shechita">Shechita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treif" class="mw-redirect" title="Treif">Treif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Ben-Israel" title="Ron Ben-Israel">Ron Ben-Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Frankel_(chef)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laura Frankel (chef)">Laura Frankel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_Garten" title="Ina Garten">Ina Garten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Marks" title="Gil Marks">Gil Marks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Nathan" title="Joan Nathan">Joan Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Reichl" title="Ruth Reichl">Ruth Reichl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyal_Shani" title="Eyal Shani">Eyal Shani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Solomonov" title="Michael Solomonov">Michael Solomonov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotam_Ottolenghi" title="Yotam Ottolenghi">Yotam Ottolenghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molly_Yeh" title="Molly Yeh">Molly Yeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apples_and_honey" title="Apples and honey">Apples and honey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabo_kolo" title="Dabo kolo">Dabo kolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanukkah_gelt" title="Hanukkah gelt">Hanukkah gelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maror" title="Maror">Maror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah" title="Matzah">Matzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishloach_manot" title="Mishloach manot">Mishloach manot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekalach" title="Pekalach">Pekalach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showbread" title="Showbread">Showbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeroa" title="Zeroa">Zeroa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ashkenazi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babka" title="Babka">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_roll" title="Onion roll">Onion roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pletzel" title="Pletzel">Pletzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpernickel" title="Pumpernickel">Pumpernickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_rye_bread" title="Jewish rye bread">Rye Bread</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sephardic/Mizrahi breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Challah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folar" title="Folar">Folar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jachnun" title="Jachnun">Jachnun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubaneh" title="Kubaneh">Kubaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachooh" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachooh">Lachooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laffa" title="Laffa">Laffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahmacun" title="Lahmacun">Lahmacun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavash" title="Lavash">Lavash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawach" title="Malawach">Malawach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manakish" title="Manakish">Manakish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markook_(bread)" title="Markook (bread)">Markook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna" title="Mouna">Mouna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_petri" title="Pain petri">Pain petri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pita" title="Pita">Pita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboon_bread" title="Taboon bread">Taboon bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challah" title="Challah">Water challah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethiopian breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Injera" title="Injera">Injera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bagels and similar breads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagel" title="Bagel">Bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_Bites" title="Bagel Bites">Bagel Bites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_toast" title="Bagel toast">Bagel toast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagel_with_cream_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagel with cream cheese">Bagel with cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bialy_(bread)" title="Bialy (bread)">Bialy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal-style_bagel" title="Montreal-style bagel">Montreal-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York-style_bagel" class="mw-redirect" title="New York-style bagel">New York-style bagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_bagel" title="Pizza bagel">Pizza bagel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pancakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pesaha_Appam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pesaha Appam">Pesaha Appam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_latke" title="Cheese latke">Cheese latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chremslach" title="Chremslach">Chremslach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes">Keftes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sweets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cakes and sweet pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_strudel" title="Apple strudel">Apple strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atayef" class="mw-redirect" title="Atayef">Atayef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babka_(cake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Babka (cake)">Babka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basbousa" title="Basbousa">Basbousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake" title="Cheesecake">Cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cake_(American)" title="Coffee cake (American)">Coffee cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumb_cake" class="mw-redirect" title="Crumb cake">Crumb cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dobosh">Dobosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flourless_chocolate_cake" title="Flourless chocolate cake">Flourless chocolate cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apple_cake" title="Jewish apple cake">Jewish apple cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krantz_cake" title="Krantz cake">Krantz cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugelhopf" class="mw-redirect" title="Kugelhopf">Kugelhopf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lekach" title="Lekach">Lekach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzer_torte" title="Linzer torte">Linzer torte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecake#United_States" title="Cheesecake">New York cheesecake</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_d%27Espanya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan d'Espanya (page does not exist)">Pan d'Espanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plum_cake" title="Plum cake">Plum cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other desserts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baklava" title="Baklava">Baklava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashure" title="Ashure">Ashure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambalouni" title="Bambalouni">Bambalouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_(bread)" title="Bolo (bread)">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrot_pudding" title="Carrot pudding">Carrot pudding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halva" title="Halva">Halva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halvah_ice_cream" title="Halvah ice cream">Halvah ice cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_almonds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan almonds">Jordan almonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogel_mogel" title="Kogel mogel">Kogel mogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krembo" title="Krembo">Krembo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokum">Lokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhallebi" title="Muhallebi">Malabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_(pudding)" title="Milky (pudding)">Milky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mofletta" title="Mofletta">Mofletta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed_roll" title="Poppy seed roll">Poppy seed roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed_candy" title="Sesame seed candy">Sesame seed candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponge_cake" title="Sponge cake">Sponge cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strudel" title="Strudel">Strudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streuselkuchen" title="Streuselkuchen">Streuselkuchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cookies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfajores" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfajores">Alfajores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biscochos" title="Biscochos">Biscochos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_and_white_cookie" title="Black and white cookie">Black and white cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese cookie">Chinese cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_kichel" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg kichel">Egg kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvshaniot" title="Duvshaniot">Duvshaniot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadji_bada" title="Hadji bada">Hadji bada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamantaschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamantaschen">Hamantaschen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_buttons" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey buttons">Honey buttons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_almond_cookie" title="Jewish almond cookie">Jewish almond cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8dekager" title="Jødekager">Jødekager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kichel" title="Kichel">Kichel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipfel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kipfel">Kipfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumbprint_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Thumbprint cookie">Linzer cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27amoul" title="Ma'amoul">Ma'amoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroon" title="Macaroon">Macaroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelbread" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandelbread">Mandelbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marunchinos" title="Marunchinos">Marunchinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_cookie" title="Rainbow cookie">Rainbow cookie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugelach" title="Rugelach">Rugelach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_cookie" title="Tahini cookie">Tahini cookie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bichak" title="Bichak">Bichak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourekas" title="Bourekas">Bourekas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyoz" title="Boyoz">Boyoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulemas" title="Bulemas">Bulemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chebureki" title="Chebureki">Chebureki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%B3dni" title="Flódni">Flódni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hojaldre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hojaldre">Hojaldre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunt" title="Nunt">Nunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastelitos_de_hoja" title="Pastelitos de hoja">Pastelitos de hoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirozhki" title="Pirozhki">Pirozhki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambusak" class="mw-redirect" title="Sambusak">Sambusak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziva_(dish)" title="Ziva (dish)">Ziva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fried foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blintz" title="Blintz">Blintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uelo" title="Buñuelo">Buñuelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brik" title="Brik">Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carciofi_alla_giudia" title="Carciofi alla giudia">Carciofi alla giudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churro" title="Churro">Churro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_schnitzel" title="Corn schnitzel">Corn schnitzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falafel" title="Falafel">Falafel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot" title="Fatoot">Fatoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazuelos" title="Fazuelos">Fazuelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_cauliflower" title="Fried cauliflower">Fried cauliflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritas_de_prasa" title="Fritas de prasa">Fritas de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelly_doughnut" title="Jelly doughnut">Jelly doughnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes">Keftes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keftes_de_prasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Keftes de prasa">Keftes de prasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latke" title="Latke">Latke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noodle_latkes" title="Noodle latkes">Noodle latkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfinj" class="mw-redirect" title="Sfinj">Sfinj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufganiyot">Sufganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teiglach" title="Teiglach">Teiglach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torrija" class="mw-redirect" title="Torrija">Torrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulumba" title="Tulumba">Tulumba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dumplings, pastas and grain dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bsisa" title="Bsisa">Bsisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgur" title="Bulgur">Bulgur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampfnudel" title="Dampfnudel">Dampfnudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_noodles" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg noodles">Egg noodles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farfel" title="Farfel">Farfel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_noodle_dishes#Spanish" title="List of noodle dishes">Fideos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freekeh" title="Freekeh">Freekeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germkn%C3%B6del" title="Germknödel">Germknödel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha" title="Kasha">Kasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasha_varnishkes" title="Kasha varnishkes">Kasha varnishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneidlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Kneidlach">Kneidlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreplach" title="Kreplach">Kreplach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubbeh" title="Kubbeh">Kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaroni_hamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Macaroni hamin">Macaroni hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_(food)" title="Manti (food)">Manti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzo ball">Matzo ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orez_Shu%27it" title="Orez Shu'it">Orez Shu'it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelmeni" title="Pelmeni">Pelmeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierogi" title="Pierogi">Pierogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilaf" title="Pilaf">Pilaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptitim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptitim">Ptitim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirin_polo" title="Shirin polo">Shirin polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlishkes" title="Shlishkes">Shlishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soup_mandels" class="mw-redirect" title="Soup mandels">Soup mandels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahdig" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahdig">Tahdig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vareniki" class="mw-redirect" title="Vareniki">Vareniki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Casseroles and savory baked dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almadrote" class="mw-redirect" title="Almadrote">Almadrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(Jewish_dish)" title="Brisket (Jewish dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holishkes" title="Holishkes">Holishkes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem kugel">Jerusalem kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karniyarik" class="mw-redirect" title="Karniyarik">Karniyarik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knish" title="Knish">Knish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ktzitzot_Khubeza" class="mw-redirect" title="Ktzitzot Khubeza">Ktzitzot Khubeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugel" title="Kugel">Kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokshen_kugel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokshen kugel">Lokshen kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_lasagna" title="Matzo lasagna">Matzo lasagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">Pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potato_kugel" title="Potato kugel">Potato kugel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potatonik" title="Potatonik">Potatonik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3let" title="Sólet">Sólet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_artichoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed artichoke">Stuffed artichoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_peppers" title="Stuffed peppers">Stuffed peppers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahni" title="Yahni">Yakhna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yapchik" title="Yapchik">Yapchik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks and other baked goods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamba_(snack)" title="Bamba (snack)">Bamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissli" title="Bissli">Bissli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khachapuri" title="Khachapuri">Khachapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitzuchim" title="Pitzuchim">Pitzuchim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pretzel" title="Pretzel">Pretzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shkedei_marak" title="Shkedei marak">Shkedei marak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_dates" title="Stuffed dates">Stuffed dates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sandwiches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef_sandwich" title="Corned beef sandwich">Corned beef sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillel sandwich">Hillel sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami_on_rye" title="Pastrami on rye">Pastrami on rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Rachel sandwich">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_sandwich" title="Reuben sandwich">Reuben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabich" title="Sabich">Sabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailor_sandwich" title="Sailor sandwich">Sailor sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna sandwich">Tuna sandwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egg dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beitzah" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitzah">Beitzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatoot_samneh" title="Fatoot samneh">Fatoot samneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haminados" title="Haminados">Haminados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardboiled_egg" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardboiled egg">Hardboiled egg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzah_brei" title="Matzah brei">Matzah brei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzoquiles" title="Matzoquiles">Matzoquiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshouka" title="Shakshouka">Shakshouka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meat dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisket_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisket (dish)">Brisket</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_liver" title="Chopped liver">Chopped liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gribenes" title="Gribenes">Gribenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(dumpling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gondi (dumpling)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamin" title="Hamin">Hamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helzel" title="Helzel">Helzel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_mixed_grill" title="Jerusalem mixed grill">Jerusalem mixed grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibbeh" title="Kibbeh">Kibbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishka_(food)" title="Kishka (food)">Kishka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofta" title="Kofta">Kofta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miltz" class="mw-redirect" title="Miltz">Miltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_smoked_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal smoked meat">Montreal smoked meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pargiyot" title="Pargiyot">Pargiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastirma" title="Pastirma">Pastirma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastrami" title="Pastrami">Pastrami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plov" class="mw-redirect" title="Plov">Plov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawarma" title="Shawarma">Shawarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz" title="Schmaltz">Schmaltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_kebab" title="Shish kebab">Shish kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shish_taouk" title="Shish taouk">Shish taouk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sujuk" title="Sujuk">Sujuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tagine">Tagine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fish dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abudaraho" class="mw-redirect" title="Abudaraho">Abudaraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chraime" title="Chraime">Chraime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressed_herring" title="Dressed herring">Dressed herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_and_chips" title="Fish and chips">Fish and chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefilte_fish" title="Gefilte fish">Gefilte fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikra">Ikra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kipper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakerda" title="Lakerda">Lakerda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescado_frito" title="Pescado frito">Pescado frito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_herring" title="Pickled herring">Pickled herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schmaltz_herring" title="Schmaltz herring">Schmaltz herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_salmon" title="Smoked salmon">Smoked salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_whitefish" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoked whitefish">Smoked whitefish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarama">Tarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunafish" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunafish">Tunafish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad" title="Tuna salad">Tuna salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_salad_sandwich" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna salad sandwich">Tuna salad sandwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorschmack" title="Vorschmack">Vorschmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefish_salad" title="Whitefish salad">Whitefish salad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads and pickles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apio_(appetizer)" title="Apio (appetizer)">Apio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggplant_salad" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggplant salad">Eggplant salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_salad" title="Israeli salad">Israeli salad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_dill_pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosher dill pickle">Kosher dill pickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matbucha" title="Matbucha">Matbucha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabbouleh" title="Tabbouleh">Tabbouleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torshi" title="Torshi">Torshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vegetable dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamia" title="Bamia">Bamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolma" title="Dolma">Dolma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuffed_cabbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuffed cabbage">Stuffed cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzimmes" title="Tzimmes">Tzimmes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soups and stews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adom_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Adom kubbeh">Adom kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avgolemono" title="Avgolemono">Avgolemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borscht" title="Borscht">Borscht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbe">Chamo kubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_noodle_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken noodle soup">Chicken noodle soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamin">Chamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamo_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamo kubbeh">Chamo kubbeh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cholent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghormeh_sabzi" title="Ghormeh sabzi">Ghormeh sabzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_(food)" title="Gondi (food)">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamusta_kubbeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamusta kubbeh">Hamusta kubbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matzo_ball_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Matzo ball soup">Matzo ball soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Msoki" title="Msoki">Msoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbat_wat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanbat wat">Sanbat wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schav" class="mw-redirect" title="Schav">Schav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrito_(stew)" title="Sofrito (stew)">Sofrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarator">Tarator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cheeses and other dairy products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkawi" title="Akkawi">Akkawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayran" title="Ayran">Ayran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarified_butter" title="Clarified butter">Clarified butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" title="Cottage cheese">Cottage cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_cheese" title="Cream cheese">Cream cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%27s_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Farmer's cheese">Farmer's cheese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feta" title="Feta">Feta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashkaval" title="Kashkaval">Kashkaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kefir" title="Kefir">Kefir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labneh" class="mw-redirect" title="Labneh">Labneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(cheese)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quark (cheese)">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirene" title="Sirene">Sirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smen" title="Smen">Smen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smetana_(dairy_product)" title="Smetana (dairy product)">Smetana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sour_cream" title="Sour cream">Sour cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strained_yogurt" title="Strained yogurt">Strained yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzfat_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzfat cheese">Tzfat cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condiments, dips and sauces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applesauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Applesauce">Applesauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charoset" title="Charoset">Charoset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filfel_chuma" class="mw-redirect" title="Filfel chuma">Filfel chuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Harif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilbah">Hilbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissara" title="Bissara">Mikpah Ful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resek_avganiyot" class="mw-redirect" title="Resek avganiyot">Resek avganiyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicy_brown_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spicy brown mustard">Spicy brown mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini" title="Tahini">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoug">Zhoug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel-Ray" title="Cel-Ray">Cel-Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Brown%27s" title="Dr. Brown's">Dr. Brown's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_cream" title="Egg cream">Egg cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">Grape juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedem">Kedem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linden_flower_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Linden flower tea">Linden flower tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mint_lemonade" title="Mint lemonade">Mint lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manischewitz" title="Manischewitz">Manischewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate_juice" title="Pomegranate juice">Pomegranate juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salep" title="Salep">Salep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seltzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Seltzer">Seltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_Perfect" title="Vodka Perfect">Vodka Perfect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiddush" title="Kiddush">Wine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs, spices and seasonings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_bouillon_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken bouillon powder">Consommé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">Dried onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_bagel" title="Everything bagel">Everything bagel seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice_root" class="mw-redirect" title="Licorice root">Licorice root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigella seeds">Nigella seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seeds">Sesame seeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eateries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appetizing_store" title="Appetizing store">Appetizing store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dairy_restaurant" title="Jewish dairy restaurant">Dairy restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_deli" title="Jewish deli">Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosher_restaurant" title="Kosher restaurant">Kosher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foods_with_religious_symbolism" title="List of foods with religious symbolism">List of foods with religious symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_cuisine_dishes" title="List of Jewish cuisine dishes">List of Jewish cuisine dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kosher_restaurants" title="List of kosher restaurants">List of kosher restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Israel" title="List of restaurants in Israel">List of restaurants in Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_cuisine" title="Category:Jewish cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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