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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_Aguardientes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Aguardientes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early Aguardientes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Aguardientes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recession_of_Peruvian_pisco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recession_of_Peruvian_pisco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Recession of Peruvian pisco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recession_of_Peruvian_pisco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Origin dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Peruvian_pisco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peruvian_pisco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Peruvian pisco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peruvian_pisco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chilean_pisco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chilean_pisco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chilean pisco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chilean_pisco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manufacturing_process" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing_process"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manufacturing process</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing_process-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecological_concerns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecological_concerns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ecological concerns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecological_concerns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appellation_of_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appellation_of_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Appellation of origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appellation_of_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cocktails" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cocktails"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cocktails</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cocktails-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cocktails subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cocktails-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mixed_drinks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mixed_drinks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Mixed drinks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mixed_drinks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consumption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consumption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Consumption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consumption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pisco</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="بيسكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(licor)" title="Pisco (licor) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pisco (licor)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Писко – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Писко" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(n%C3%A1poj)" title="Pisco (nápoj) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pisco (nápoj)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(Getr%C3%A4nk)" title="Pisco (Getränk) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pisco (Getränk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(aguardiente)" title="Pisco (aguardiente) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pisco (aguardiente)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisko" title="Pisko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pisko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="پیسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(augardente)" title="Pisco (augardente) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pisco (augardente)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%94" title="피스코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피스코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(distillato)" title="Pisco (distillato) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pisco (distillato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="პისკო (სასმელი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პისკო (სასმელი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(ital)" title="Pisco (ital) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pisco (ital)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="პისკო (ოშუმალი) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პისკო (ოშუმალი)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_(%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="بيسكو (مشروب) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيسكو (مشروب)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(drank)" title="Pisco (drank) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pisco (drank)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3" title="ピスコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピスコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(alkohol)" title="Pisco (alkohol) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pisco (alkohol)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(bebida)" title="Pisco (bebida) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pisco (bebida)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Писко (напиток) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Писко (напиток)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(juoma)" title="Pisco (juoma) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pisco (juoma)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="ปิสโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปิสโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco_(i%C3%A7ki)" title="Pisco (içki) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pisco (içki)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE" title="Піско – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піско" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisco" title="Pisco – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pisco" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%AF" title="皮斯可 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="皮斯可" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q388502#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pisco_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pisco (disambiguation)">Pisco (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title fn ingredient">Pisco</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg/200px-Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg/300px-Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg/400px-Pisco-bottles-Chile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A selection of popular Chilean piscos</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">distilled alcoholic beverage</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Country of origin </span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">Alcohol by volume</a> </span></th><td class="infobox-data">33–50%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td class="infobox-data">clear or yellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">Water</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Singani" title="Singani">Singani</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pisco</b> is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber-colored <a href="/wiki/Fruit_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit spirit">spirit</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> produced in <a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">winemaking</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a><sup id="cite_ref-elcomercio.pe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elcomercio.pe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SICE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SICE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Made by <a href="/wiki/Distilling" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilling">distilling</a> fermented <a href="/wiki/Grape_juice" title="Grape juice">grape juice</a> into a high-proof <a href="/wiki/Distilled_beverage" class="mw-redirect" title="Distilled beverage">spirit</a>, it was developed by 16th-century <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish settlers</a> as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">orujo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">pomace</a> brandy that was being imported from Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-pisco.co.uk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pisco.co.uk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had the advantages of being produced from abundant domestically grown fruit and reducing the volume of alcoholic beverages transported to remote locations.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piscos.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Piscos.JPG/220px-Piscos.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Piscos.JPG/330px-Piscos.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Piscos.JPG/440px-Piscos.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Colonial era <a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphorae</a> called <i>pisko</i> in Cañete Valley, Peru</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest use of the word <i>pisco</i> to denote Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">aguardiente</a> dates from 1764.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The beverage may have acquired its <a href="/wiki/Quechua_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Quechua languages">Quechua</a> name from the Peruvian town of <a href="/wiki/Pisco,_Peru" title="Pisco, Peru">Pisco</a>, once an important colonial port for the exportation of viticultural products,<sup id="cite_ref-ConciseOxfordDictionary_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConciseOxfordDictionary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is located on the coast of Peru in the valley of Pisco, by the <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Pisco" class="extiw" title="es:Río Pisco">river</a> with the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From there, "Aguardiente de Pisco" was exported to Europe, especially Spain, where the beverage's name was abbreviated to "Pisco".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Viennese</a> newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Wiener_Zeitung" title="Wiener Zeitung">Wiener Zeitung</a></i> in 1835 reported on the Peruvian spirit made from <a href="/wiki/Italia_(grape)" title="Italia (grape)">Italia grapes</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A large quantity of a spirit known as Pisco de Italia, imported from Peru, was consumed in Chile. But since the import duties are so high, a similar grape with large oval berries has been used to produce a similar drink, which has almost completely displaced the Peruvian. [<i>Ehemals wurde in Chile eine große Menge des unter dem Nahmen </i>Pisco de Italia<i> im Lande bekannten Branntweins verbraucht, der aus Peru kam; aber seitdem die Einfuhrzölle so hoch sind, hat man aus einer Art Traube mit großen ovalen Beeren ein ähnliches Getränk bereitet, welches das peruanische fast gänzlich verdrängt hat.</i>]</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Wiener Zeitung</i>, Saturday, 1 August 1835, page 1</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In the <i>Medical Lexikon</i> of Robley Dunglison (1858) it is stated that, following observations of Swiss <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_von_Tschudi" title="Johann Jakob von Tschudi">Johann Jakob von Tschudi</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In Peru, the common brandy obtained from grapes is the Aguardiente de Pisco, so called because shipped at the port of Pisco. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>Medical Lexicon: A Dictionary of Medical Science</i>, 1858, page 859</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Chilean linguist Rodolfo Lenz said that the word <i>pisco</i> was used all along the Pacific coast of <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a> from <a href="/wiki/Arauco_Province" title="Arauco Province">Arauco</a> to Guatemala, and that the word would be of Quechua origin meaning "bird".<sup id="cite_ref-Orich_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This claim is disputed by Chilean linguist Mario Ferreccio Podesta, who supports the former <a href="/wiki/Real_Academia_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Academia Española">Real Academia Española</a> etymology according to which <i>pisco</i> was originally a word for a mud container.<sup id="cite_ref-Orich_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Real Academia Española later supported Lenz's theory, and underlines the Quechua origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Orich_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other origins for the word <i>pisco</i> have been explored, including a <a href="/wiki/Mapudungun" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapudungun">Mapudungun</a> etymology where "pishku" has been interpreted as "something boiled in a pot", which would relate to the concept of burned wine (Spanish: <i>vino quemado</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term influenced the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Spanish" title="Mexican Spanish">Mexican Spanish</a> use of the slang term <i>pisto</i> to denote distilled spirits generally.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Aguardientes">Early Aguardientes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early Aguardientes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piscosingani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Piscosingani.jpg/220px-Piscosingani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Piscosingani.jpg/330px-Piscosingani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Piscosingani.jpg/440px-Piscosingani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Zones of pisco production as established by Peruvian and Chilean law in red; the Department of Tarija, <a href="/wiki/Bolivia" title="Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, where most <a href="/wiki/Singani" title="Singani">singani</a> is produced in green</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike the land in most of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Viceroyalty of New Spain</a>, where only very few vineyards were established (mostly for the production of <a href="/wiki/Sacramental_wine" title="Sacramental wine">sacramental wine</a>), some locations in the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a> were quite suitable for growing grape vines. By 1560, Peru was already producing wine for commerce; over time, a significant wine industry arose in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Huertas_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huertas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It grew sufficiently strong and threatening to the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Mercantilist" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercantilist">mercantilist</a> policies that in 1595 the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a> banned the establishment of new vineyards in the Americas to protect the exports of its native wine industry; however, this order was largely ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-Huertas_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huertas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As further protectionist measures, the Crown forbade exportation of Peruvian wine to Panama in 1614 and Guatemala in 1615.<sup id="cite_ref-Huertas_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huertas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1572, Santa Maria Magdalena, a town in Peru, had a port by the name <i>Pisco</i>. Pisco became a crucial route for distribution of an alcoholic beverage – aguardiente. Port of Pisco shortened the name to just Pisco, which was the name of the grape liqueur that was originated in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Distillation of the wine into pisco began in earnest around the turn of the 17th century, perhaps in response to these pressures.<sup id="cite_ref-Huertas_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huertas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the early 18th century, however, most aguardiente was still primarily used to fortify wine, in order to prevent its oxidation, rather than drunk on its own. This method of conservation corresponds with fortified wines that were shipped to Italy and Spain from other parts of the world <i>e.g.</i>, wines from <a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala</a>. </p><p>In the 17th century, production and consumption of wine and pisco were stimulated by the mining activities in <a href="/wiki/Potos%C3%AD" title="Potosí">Potosí</a>, by then the largest city in the New World.<sup id="cite_ref-Huertas_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huertas-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recession_of_Peruvian_pisco">Recession of Peruvian pisco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Recession of Peruvian pisco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg/170px-Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg/255px-Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg/340px-Ica_in_1615_by_Guam%C3%A1n_Poma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>"<i>The town of <a href="/wiki/Ica,_Peru" title="Ica, Peru">Ica</a>, land of much wine, the best of the kingdom</i>", painting of 1615 by the <a href="/wiki/Inca" class="mw-redirect" title="Inca">Inca</a> painter <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Guaman_Poma_de_Ayala" title="Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala">Guamán Poma</a> in his work "Nueva corónica y buen gobierno". <a href="/wiki/Royal_Library,_Denmark" title="Royal Library, Denmark">Royal Library, Denmark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Historians state that the first grapes ever imported arrived in 1553. The production of pisco started at the end of the 16th century. After the process of fermentation and distillation the juice from the grapes was then made in to liquor. This juice was then stored in clay jars called piscos.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entire southern coast of Peru was struck by the <a href="/wiki/1687_Peru_earthquake" title="1687 Peru earthquake">1687 Peru earthquake</a>, which destroyed the cities of <a href="/wiki/Pisco,_Peru" title="Pisco, Peru">Villa de Pisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ica,_Peru" title="Ica, Peru">Ica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellars</a> in the affected area collapsed and mud containers broke, causing the nation's wine-growing industry to collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orich_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 18th century, wine production in Peru exceeded that of pisco. By 1764, pisco production dwarfed that of wine, representing 90% of the grape beverages prepared.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Suppression_of_the_Society_of_Jesus" title="Suppression of the Society of Jesus">suppression of the Society of Jesus</a> in Spanish America, <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> vineyards were auctioned off, and new owners typically did not have the same expertise as the Jesuits – leading to a production decline.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 18th century the Spanish Crown allowed the production of <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> in Peru, which was cheaper and of lower quality than pisco.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 19th century demand for cotton in industrialized Europe caused many Peruvian winegrowers to shift away from vineyards to more lucrative cotton planting, contributing further to the decline of wine production and the pisco industry which depended on it.<sup id="cite_ref-Orich_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orich-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was particularly true during the time of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> (1861–1865) when cotton prices skyrocketed due to the <a href="/wiki/Union_blockade" title="Union blockade">Blockade of the South</a> and its cotton fields.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacoste_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacoste-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pisco was also popular in the US, in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> and nearby areas of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> since the 1830s, during the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a>, in the 1860s, and early to mid 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_dispute">Origin dispute</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Origin dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There has been some controversy over whether Pisco originated in Chile or Peru. Both countries say that pisco is their national drink. Peru and Chile both rely on agricultural development for exportation. However, culture and history is what drives this dispute. Both countries want to show national spirit and have the right to call the centuries-old pisco their own.<sup id="cite_ref-Terry_518–535_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terry_518–535-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There may never be a specific geographical designation when it comes to the branding of pisco. There will almost never be a label that says "Peruvian pisco" or "Chilean pisco" as there is a special agreement for protection of the beverage. This agreement prohibits many kinds of branding that suggest country names.<sup id="cite_ref-Terry_518–535_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terry_518–535-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peruvian_pisco">Peruvian pisco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Peruvian pisco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Peruvian_Pisco" title="Peruvian Pisco">Peruvian Pisco</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisco.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisco.JPG/220px-Pisco.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisco.JPG/330px-Pisco.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Pisco.JPG/440px-Pisco.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Bottles of Peruvian pisco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisco_peru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pisco_peru.jpg/170px-Pisco_peru.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pisco_peru.jpg/255px-Pisco_peru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Pisco_peru.jpg/340px-Pisco_peru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Compositioned</a> picture of two bottles of Pisco produced in Peru</figcaption></figure> <p>Peruvian pisco must be made in the country's five official D.O. (Denomination of Origin) departments—Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna (only in the valleys of Locumba Locumba, Sama and Caplina)— established in 1991 by the government. </p><p>In Peru, pisco is produced only using copper <a href="/wiki/Pot_still" title="Pot still">pot stills</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Single_malt_Scotch" title="Single malt Scotch">single malt</a> <a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whiskies</a>, rather than <a href="/wiki/Continuous_still" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuous still">continuous stills</a> like most <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodkas</a>. Unlike the Chilean variety, Peruvian pisco is never diluted after it is distilled and enters the bottle directly at its distillation strength.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The production of a regular Peruvian Pisco bottle requires 8 kilograms of grapes, and a Mosto Verde variety needs 12 kg.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many types of grapes were used to produce pisco, leading to a wide variation in flavor, aroma, <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a> and appearance of the liquor. This harmed attempts to export the product under a single denomination, resulting in numerous regulations setting a baseline for a product to carry the name. Four distinct types of pisco were thus designated:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>Puro (<i>Pure</i>)</b>, made from a single variety of grape, mostly Quebranta, although Mollar or Common Black can be used; however, no blending between varieties is accepted ("pure" pisco should contain only one variety of grape).</li> <li><b>Aromáticas (<i>Aromatic</i>)</b>, made from <a href="/wiki/Muscat_Grape" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat Grape">Muscat</a> or Muscat-derived grape varieties, and also from Albilla, Italia and Torontel grape varieties; once again, the pisco should only contain one variety of grape in any production lot.</li> <li><b>Mosto Verde (<i>Green Must</i>)</b>, distilled from partially <a href="/wiki/Fermentation_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermentation (food)">fermented</a> <a href="/wiki/Must" title="Must">must</a>, this must be distilled <i>before</i> the fermentation process has completely transformed sugars into alcohol.</li> <li><b>Acholado (<i>Multivarietal</i>)</b>, blended from the must of several varieties of grape.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Some other specific restrictions of note are:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>Aging:</b> Pisco must be aged for a minimum of three months in vessels of "glass, stainless steel or any other material which does not alter its physical, chemical or organic properties".</li> <li><b>Additives:</b> No additives of any kind may be added to the pisco that could alter its flavor, odor, appearance or <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_proof" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic proof">alcoholic proof</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Peru currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2017)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> exports three times more pisco than Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-Kulp_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kulp-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, Peruvian pisco exports 48 percent more than Chile compared to the year before that, exceeding 1 million dollars,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Chile produces about three times as much pisco as Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-www.odepa.gob.cl_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.odepa.gob.cl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elcomercio.pe_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elcomercio.pe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chile is also the top importer of pisco from Peru: 34% of the pisco produced in Peru is exported to Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-Gestion_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gestion-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annually, the pisco production in 2013 reached 30 million litres in Chile and 9.5 million litres in Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-www.odepa.gob.cl_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.odepa.gob.cl-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2019">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-elcomercio.pe_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elcomercio.pe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peruvian pisco won over 20 gold medals and was named the best liquor of the world in the Concours Mondial de Bruxelles 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chilean_pisco">Chilean pisco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chilean pisco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pisco_El_Aviador_(1915).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg/220px-Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg/330px-Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg/440px-Pisco_El_Aviador_%281915%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Chilean "Pisco Aviador" label from 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>Chilean pisco must be made in the country's two official D.O. (Denomination of Origin) regions—Atacama and Coquimbo—established in 1931 by the government. Most of it is produced with a "boutique" type of distillate. Other types are produced with double distillation in copper and other materials. </p><p>During the adaptation of many vineyards to pisco production, the most widespread grape was used as raw material, the <a href="/wiki/Muscat_grape" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat grape">Muscat</a>, with some vineyards preferring the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Torontel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Torontel (page does not exist)">Torontel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Jim%C3%A9nez" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro Jiménez">Pedro Jiménez</a> varieties. As is the case with Peru, regulations for pisco designations have been enacted in Chile, including the following classifications:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><b>Pisco Corriente o Tradicional</b>, 30% to 35% (60 to 70 proof)</li> <li><b>Pisco Especial</b>, 35% to 40% (70 to 80 proof)</li> <li><b>Pisco Reservado</b>, 40% (80 proof)</li> <li><b>Gran Pisco</b>, 43% or more (86 or more proof)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>Regulation for pisco production in Chile is quite high. Chilean distilleries are required to grow their own grapes and are grouped into two categories based in aromatic expressiveness: Muscat types (Pink Muscat, Muscat of Alexandria) are very fragrant, while Pedro Jiménez, Moscatel de Asturia and Torontel are more subtle.<sup id="cite_ref-Sag.cl_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sag.cl-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Special</i> and <i>Reserve</i> variations are very similar in flavor and color, both being subtly sweet and of a clear birch to transparent color. The flavor is much stronger than regular pisco with aromatic refreshing tones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacturing_process">Manufacturing process</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Manufacturing process"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The processes of making pisco all come from the fermentation of specific grapes called <a href="/wiki/Muscat_(grape)" title="Muscat (grape)">Muscat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Italia_(grape)" title="Italia (grape)">Italia</a> grapes. The grapes are then distilled in copper basins. However, before this, the grapes have to go through a process called grape-stomping. Grapes stomping usually occurs in the afternoon to avoid the dry heat on the coast of Peru. A group of men spread around the winepress and stomp on the grapes for about 6 intervals. During this process the men will enjoy their time as they sing, joke around, and have pisco punch. The grape juice then falls into a saturation basin called puntaya. Here the juice will sit for 24 hours. Later, the juices are restored in fermentation tubs. The fermentation process usually lasts 7 days. This is so the natural yeasts in the grape skin take in sugars and process it into alcohol. Usually, the pisco producers will control the temperature of the fermentation so the heat does not increase. Otherwise, the natural aroma of the grapes will evaporate and not give the pisco a certain characteristic that is crucial in high quality pisco. When the fermentation process is over, the pisco is distilled in large copper basins.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecological_concerns">Ecological concerns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ecological concerns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chile has taken steps to have a clean and <a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">environmentally friendly</a> production of pisco. In order to crack down on <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>, and to increase competitiveness, the National Council for Clean Production agreed with the pisco producers and pisco grape agronomists to collaborate, signing an Agreement of Clean Production (APL). <a href="/wiki/Cooperativa_Agr%C3%ADcola_Pisquera_Elqui_Limitada" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperativa Agrícola Pisquera Elqui Limitada">Capel</a>, by itself invested more than <a href="/wiki/Chilean_peso" title="Chilean peso">CL$</a> 800 million.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peru's production of pisco remains artisanal and does not alter the physical, chemical or organic properties before bottling. The pisco must be bottled directly after aging, without alteration or adding any product which could alter the odor, flavor or appearance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appellation_of_origin">Appellation of origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Appellation of origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The right to use an <a href="/wiki/Appellation_of_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellation of origin">appellation of origin</a> for pisco is hotly contested between Peru and Chile, though historians generally believe that pisco originated from Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Peru claims the exclusive right to use the term "pisco" only for products from Peru,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but they have not generally been able to persuade other countries to adopt that interpretation. Chile, in contrast, regards the term "pisco" as generic, and it argues the spirit is simply a <i>type</i> of alcoholic beverage made from grapes (as in the case of whisky and vodka). It cites the name being used to designate a similar grape brandy produced in both countries and maintains two <a href="/wiki/Chile#Administrative_divisions" title="Chile">regions</a> of Chile, <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Region" title="Atacama Region">Atacama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coquimbo_Region" title="Coquimbo Region">Coquimbo</a>, that it authorizes to use the term.<sup id="cite_ref-dfl181_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dfl181-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Large-market countries (e.g., the European Union,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EUMainSpecs_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EUMainSpecs-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-SICE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SICE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France,<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO865_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO865-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-France_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-France-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO865_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO865-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Italy_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Italy-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mexico,<sup id="cite_ref-WIPO865_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WIPO865-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-Canada1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Canada2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canada2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> etc.) generally allow products of both Peru and Chile to be identified as "pisco". The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> considers that pisco originates from Peru, but also allows the term to be used for products from Chile.<sup id="cite_ref-EC110/2008_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EC110/2008-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cocktails">Cocktails</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cocktails"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piscos_chilenos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Piscos_chilenos.jpg/220px-Piscos_chilenos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Piscos_chilenos.jpg/330px-Piscos_chilenos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Piscos_chilenos.jpg/440px-Piscos_chilenos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Pisco produced in Chile</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the most popular cocktails with pisco include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisco_sour" title="Pisco sour">Pisco sour</a> is made with pisco, <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">egg whites</a> and dash of <a href="/wiki/Bitters" title="Bitters">bitters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chilcano (Pisco, Ginger Ale, Lime wedge, or wheel, for garnish). It has variations with lime, blood orange, grapefruit, and pineapple.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cola_de_mono" title="Cola de mono">Monkey Tail</a> (Cola de Mono or Colemono), is a traditional Chilean drink served around Christmas time. It contains aguardiente<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisco_punch" title="Pisco punch">Pisco Punch</a>, the first known pisco cocktail, invented in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, in the 19th century. It contains pineapple, <a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic" title="Gum arabic">gum arabic</a>, and syrup, among other ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_libre" title="Serena libre">Serena Libre</a>, sweeter than Pisco Sour, made with <a href="/wiki/Mountain_papaya" title="Mountain papaya">Chilean papaya</a> juice and sugar.</li> <li>Pisquiña, very similar to <a href="/wiki/Caipirinha" title="Caipirinha">Caipirinha</a>, it has Pisco, Chilean <a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%B3n_de_Pica" title="Limón de Pica">Pica lime</a> juice, white sugar and ice.</li> <li>Mojito de Cuma, a Chilean version of a cocktail similar to <a href="/wiki/Mojito" title="Mojito">Mojito</a>, is made with Pisco, <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sprite (soft drink)">Sprite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seven_Up" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Up">Seven Up</a> or a similar soda and <a href="/wiki/Mint_leaves" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint leaves">mint leaves</a>. Thanks to those sodas' sweetness, it doesn't require sugar.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscola_Blanca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscola Blanca (page does not exist)">Piscola Blanca</a>, a variation of <a href="/wiki/Piscola" title="Piscola">Piscola</a> in Chile with clear sodas.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisagua_(drink)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisagua (drink) (page does not exist)">Pisagua</a> Chilean Pisco with carbonated water.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pischela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pischela (page does not exist)">Pischela</a>, another variation of Chilean <a href="/wiki/Piscola" title="Piscola">Piscola</a>, similar to a British "submarine" it is Pisco with <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>, preferably a blonde beer.</li> <li>Terremoto, a traditional Chilean cocktail made of <a href="/wiki/Pipe%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeño">Pipeño</a> strengthened with Pisco, Fernet (optional), pineapple ice cream and <a href="/wiki/Grenadine" title="Grenadine">Grenadine</a> syrup.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscoffee" title="Piscoffee">Piscoffee</a>, Pisco with iced coffee and ice. Also is a variation of <a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Irish coffee</a> with pisco instead of whiskey.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B3ctel_de_Algarrobina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cóctel de Algarrobina (page does not exist)">Cóctel de Algarrobina</a>, Peruvian Pisco with <a href="/wiki/Algarrobina" title="Algarrobina">algarrobina syrup</a> (or carob syrup), cinnamon, egg yolk, and cream.</li> <li>Pisco Flip, a flip on the traditional Pisco Sour, made with egg yolks instead of whites.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupid%27s_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Cupid's Cup">Cupid's Cup</a>, Peruvian pisco, aperol, fresh lemon juice, simple syrup, and egg whites. A thyme sprig is used for decoration.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tampisco Bay, a cocktail inspired by <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay" title="Tampa Bay">Tampa Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Made using pisco and fresh cucumber juice, agave nectar, jalapeño slices, and red bell pepper slices and served in an ice filled highball glass.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mixed_drinks">Mixed drinks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mixed drinks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some examples of mixed drinks with pisco include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canario_(cocktail)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canario (cocktail) (page does not exist)">Canario</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capit%C3%A1n_(cocktail)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capitán (cocktail) (page does not exist)">Capitán</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilcano_de_Pisco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chilcano de Pisco (page does not exist)">Chilcano de Pisco</a>, a Peruvian cocktail made with Pisco, lemon juice, ice, bitters, and ginger ale.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscola" title="Piscola">Piscola</a>, also called "national cocktail" in Chile (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Combinado nacional</i> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">combinado</i></span>) a cocktail prepared mixing <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a> and pisco. Other combinations of Pisco and cola include the Perú Libre differentiating the same drink made with different origin piscos.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco_Sorpresa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisco Sorpresa (page does not exist)">Pisco Sorpresa</a>, a cocktail originated in East London, inspired by the Latin American classic. Involves shaking gin, Cointreau, triple sec, Bacardi and pisco, adding raspberry juice, pouring into a cocktail glass and finishing off with a dash of soda, grenadine and a squeeze of lemon.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Piscotheque_(cocktail)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Piscotheque (cocktail) (page does not exist)">Piscotheque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roller_Pisco_(cocktail)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roller Pisco (cocktail) (page does not exist)">Roller Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Alfredo_(cocktail)" title="Don Alfredo (cocktail)">Don Alfredo</a>, a Peruvian cocktail made with mosto verde Pisco, <a href="/wiki/St-Germain_(liqueur)" title="St-Germain (liqueur)">St Germain</a>, lime juice, ice and soda water.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consumption">Consumption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Consumption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per capita consumption of pisco in Chile is 3 litres per year; an average of 18% of pisco production by value is <i>premium pisco</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peruvian annual per capita consumption was reported in 2008 as 0.5 litres and growing (at the expense of <a href="/wiki/Market_share" title="Market share">market shares</a> for <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">whisky</a>, although whisky remains the most popular <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic spirit">spirit</a> in Peru).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2014 reports mention also an increase of 3.5 million liters per year for the internal market.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The top importer of Peruvian pisco is Chile, with an estimated import value of US$1.6 million in 2016. The United States is the second highest importer, with an estimated import value of US$1.4 million.<sup id="cite_ref-Gestion_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gestion-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flessen_drank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/32px-Flessen_drank.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/48px-Flessen_drank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flessen_drank.jpg/64px-Flessen_drank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="1279" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Liquor" title="Portal:Liquor">Liquor portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/16px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/24px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg/33px-Goblet_Glass_%28Banquet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="408" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_piscos" class="mw-redirect" title="List of piscos">List of piscos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singani" title="Singani">Singani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoroco" title="Cocoroco">Cocoroco</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pisco+named+best+liquor+in+the+world&rft.pub=El+Comercio&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peruthisweek.com%2Ffood-pisco-named-best-liquor-in-the-world-20181%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sag.cl-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sag.cl_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sag.gob.cl">"SAG - Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero"</a>. <i>www.sag.gob.cl</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sag.gob.cl&rft.atitle=SAG+-+Servicio+Agr%C3%ADcola+y+Ganadero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sag.gob.cl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001213336/https://www.museodelpisco.org/all-about-pisco/">"All About Pisco – Museo Del Pisco"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museodelpisco.org/all-about-pisco/">the original</a> on 1 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+About+Pisco+%E2%80%93+Museo+Del+Pisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseodelpisco.org%2Fall-about-pisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economiaynegocios.cl/noticias/noticias.asp?id=50614">Economía y Negocios Online</a> (in Spanish).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/pisco-sour-chile-peru/index.html">"Tale of a 'tail: The pisco sour"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tale+of+a+%27tail%3A+The+pisco+sour&rft.date=2018-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2Fpisco-sour-chile-peru%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dfl181-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dfl181_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarah,_Miguel2008" class="citation web cs1">Farah, Miguel (19 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feriadoschilenos.cl/normas.html#DFL_181_1931_MINAGR">"Días feriados en Chile: Anexos - Listado de leyes y otras normas relevantes"</a>. www.feriadoschilenos.cl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%ADas+feriados+en+Chile%3A+Anexos+-+Listado+de+leyes+y+otras+normas+relevantes&rft.pub=www.feriadoschilenos.cl&rft.date=2008-10-19&rft.au=Farah%2C+Miguel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feriadoschilenos.cl%2Fnormas.html%23DFL_181_1931_MINAGR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:289:0048:0048:EN:PDF">"Commission Regulation No 1065/2013, European Commission, 30 October 2013"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commission+Regulation+No+1065%2F2013%2C+European+Commission%2C+30+October+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DOJ%3AL%3A2013%3A289%3A0048%3A0048%3AEN%3APDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EUMainSpecs-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EUMainSpecs_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2011:141:0016:0018:EN:PDF">Main Specifications of the Technical File for 'Pisco'</a>, European Commission document 2011/C 141/16, 12 May 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WIPO865-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO865_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO865_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WIPO865_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/cgi-lis/guest/ifetch5?ENG+LISBON+17-00+41336012-KEY+256+0+865+F-ENG+1+2+1+25+SEP-0/HITNUM,NO,APP-ENG+Pisco+">"Appelation 865: Pisco, WIPO"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appelation+865%3A+Pisco%2C+WIPO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fcgi-lis%2Fguest%2Fifetch5%3FENG%2BLISBON%2B17-00%2B41336012-KEY%2B256%2B0%2B865%2BF-ENG%2B1%2B2%2B1%2B25%2BSEP-0%2FHITNUM%2CNO%2CAPP-ENG%2BPisco%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-France-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-France_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_fr.pdf">France refusal of protection of Pisco appellation (appellation registration no. 865)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051216/http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_fr.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, submitted to <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a> by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, 7 July 2006 (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Italy-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Italy_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_it.pdf">Italy refusal of protection of Pisco appellation (appellation registration no. 865)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509092208/http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_it.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, submitted to <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a> by <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, 7 July 2006 (in French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_mx.pdf">Mexico negation of protection of Pisco appellation (appellation registration no. 865)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052924/http://www.wipo.int/ipdl/IPDL-IMAGES/LISBON-IMAGES/0865_mx.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, submitted to <a href="/wiki/WIPO" class="mw-redirect" title="WIPO">WIPO</a> by <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> 19 June and 24 October 2006 (in Spanish and French)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canada1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canada1_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roffe, P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qiap.ca/pages/documents/Chile_US_final.pdf">Bilateral Agreements and a TRIPS-plus World: The Chile–USA Free Trade Agreement</a>, Quaker International Affaires Programme, Ottawa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canada2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canada2_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazette.gc.ca/archives/p1/2002/2002-08-10/pdf/g1-13632.pdf">Canada Gazette Part I, Vol. 136, No. 32</a> (pages 2422 and 2423), August 10, 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australia-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australia_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324081326/http://dfat.gov.au/fta/aclfta/Australia-Chile-FTA-01.html">"Australia-Chile Free Trade Agreement, Article 3.12: Treatment of Certain Spirits"</a>. Dfat.gov.au. 13 January 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfat.gov.au/fta/aclfta/Australia-Chile-FTA-01.html">the original</a> on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia-Chile+Free+Trade+Agreement%2C+Article+3.12%3A+Treatment+of+Certain+Spirits&rft.pub=Dfat.gov.au&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfat.gov.au%2Ffta%2Faclfta%2FAustralia-Chile-FTA-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EC110/2008-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EC110/2008_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Annex III of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008R0110-20180823">EC Regulation 110/2008, amended</a>. Retrieved 2019-03-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garbee, J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/features/food/la-fo-cocktail21-2008may21,0,4918724.story">A summer twist on pisco sour, caipirinha cocktails</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i>, May 21, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grape-experiences.com/2020/12/holiday-cocktail-tradition-monkey-tail-catan-pisco/">"Your Newest Holiday Cocktail Tradition – 'Monkey Tail' (Cola de Mono) with Catan Pisco"</a>. <i>www.grape-experiences.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.grape-experiences.com&rft.atitle=Your+Newest+Holiday+Cocktail+Tradition+%E2%80%93+%27Monkey+Tail%27+%28Cola+de+Mono%29+with+Catan+Pisco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grape-experiences.com%2F2020%2F12%2Fholiday-cocktail-tradition-monkey-tail-catan-pisco%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeehan2010" class="citation book cs1">Meehan, Jim (2010). <i>History of Pisco in San Francisco</i>. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1452873015" title="Special:BookSources/978-1452873015"><bdi>978-1452873015</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Pisco+in+San+Francisco&rft.pub=CreateSpace+Independent+Publishing+Platform&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1452873015&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fontanapisco.com/portfolio/pisco-flip/">"Pisco Flip"</a>. Viviza, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pisco+Flip&rft.pub=Viviza%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontanapisco.com%2Fportfolio%2Fpisco-flip%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fontanapisco.com/portfolio/cupids-cu/">"Cupid's Cup"</a>. Viviza, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cupid%27s+Cup&rft.pub=Viviza%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontanapisco.com%2Fportfolio%2Fcupids-cu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fontanapisco.com/portfolio/tampisco-ba/">"Tampisco Bay"</a>. Viviza, LLC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tampisco+Bay&rft.pub=Viviza%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontanapisco.com%2Fportfolio%2Ftampisco-ba%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latinamerican-markets.com/chile---mercado-de-pisco-0">Chile - Mercado de Pisco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130413130821/http://www.latinamerican-markets.com/chile---mercado-de-pisco-0">Archived</a> 2013-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Latin American Markets (in Spanish).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andina.com.pe/espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=sCAd9r50oxs=">Consumo per cápita de pisco es de 0.5 litros al año, afirma Viña Ocucaje</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319194817/http://www.andina.com.pe/espanol/Noticia.aspx?id=sCAd9r50oxs=">Archived</a> 2012-03-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Andina</i>, Feb. 25, 2008 (in Spanish).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEC2014" class="citation news cs1">EC, Redacción (7 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elcomercio.pe/economia/negocios/salud-consumo-interno-pisco-crece-15-cada-ano-noticia-1683453">"¡Salud! El consumo interno de pisco crece 15% cada año"</a>. <i>El Comercio</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Comercio&rft.atitle=%C2%A1Salud%21+El+consumo+interno+de+pisco+crece+15%25+cada+a%C3%B1o&rft.date=2014-01-07&rft.aulast=EC&rft.aufirst=Redacci%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felcomercio.pe%2Feconomia%2Fnegocios%2Fsalud-consumo-interno-pisco-crece-15-cada-ano-noticia-1683453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APisco" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisco&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pisco" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pisco">pisco</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928003740/http://www.peru.info/e_ftoculturaeng.asp?pdr=1101&jrq=5.5.3.1&ic=2&ids=2191">Pisco information, Peru</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pbav.homestead.com/files/pisco.html">Pisco: A Peruvian Tradition of Excellence</a>, Peruvian Business Association of Vancouver</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtumi.se">Pisco Sour</a>: Served in the traditional way</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History_and_production" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and production</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of alcohol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alcoholic_beverages" class="mw-redirect" title="History of alcoholic beverages">History of alcoholic beverages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_beer" title="History of beer">History of beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wine" title="History of wine">History of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bordeaux_wine" title="History of Bordeaux wine">History of Bordeaux wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Champagne" title="History of Champagne">History of Champagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chianti" title="History of Chianti">History of Chianti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rioja_wine" title="History of Rioja wine">History of Rioja wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Sherry" title="History of Sherry">History of Sherry</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol industry">Alcohol industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewing" title="Brewing">Brewing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malting" title="Malting">Malting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lautering" title="Lautering">Lautering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wort" title="Wort">Wort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">Yeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">Distillation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drinking establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation" title="Ethanol fermentation">Fermentation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple syrup">Simple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Winemaking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_in_winemaking" title="Yeast in winemaking">Yeast in winemaking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Fermented_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink#Fermented_drinks" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcoholic drink">Fermented drinks</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cider" title="Cider">Cider</a></li></ul></li> <li>Banana <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_wine" title="Banana wine">Banana wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bignay <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bignay_wine" title="Bignay wine">Bignay wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bokbunja <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bokbunja-ju" title="Bokbunja-ju">Bokbunja-ju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira_wine" title="Madeira wine">Madeira wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsala_wine" title="Marsala wine">Marsala wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mistelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistelle">Mistelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscatel_de_Set%C3%BAbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscatel de Setúbal">Moscatel de Setúbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_wine" title="Port wine">Port wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_wine" title="Red wine">Red wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A9_wine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosé wine">Rosé wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermouth" title="Vermouth">Vermouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_wine" title="White wine">White wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Java plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duhat_wine" title="Duhat wine">Duhat wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longan_wine" title="Longan wine">Longan wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Lychee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lychee_wine" title="Lychee wine">Lychee wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perry" title="Perry">Perry</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pineapple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepache" title="Tepache">Tepache</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plum_jerkum" title="Plum jerkum">Plum jerkum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pomegranate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimon_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimon (wine)">Rimon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prickly pear <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonche" title="Colonche">Colonche</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conditum" title="Conditum">Conditum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubonnet" title="Dubonnet">Dubonnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippocras" title="Hippocras">Hippocras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabol" title="Jabol">Jabol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulled_wine" title="Mulled wine">Mulled wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabidh" title="Nabidh">Nabidh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangria" title="Sangria">Sangria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Corn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mageu" title="Mageu">Mageu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozol" title="Pozol">Pozol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejuino" title="Tejuino">Tejuino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesg%C3%BCino" title="Tesgüino">Tesgüino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Millet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oshikundu" title="Oshikundu">Oshikundu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongba" title="Tongba">Tongba</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agkud" title="Agkud">Agkud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apo_(drink)" title="Apo (drink)">Apo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beopju" title="Beopju">Beopju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brem" title="Brem">Brem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choujiu" title="Choujiu">Choujiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuak" title="Chuak">Chuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansul" title="Dansul">Dansul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwaha-ju" title="Gwaha-ju">Gwaha-ju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariya" title="Hariya">Hariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makgeolli" title="Makgeolli">Makgeolli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mijiu" title="Mijiu">Mijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangasi" title="Pangasi">Pangasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">Rice wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_c%E1%BA%A7n" title="Rượu cần">Rượu cần</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sato_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sato (beverage)">Sato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing_wine" title="Shaoxing wine">Shaoxing wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonti_(rice_drink)" title="Sonti (rice drink)">Sonti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapuy" title="Tapuy">Tapuy</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pendh%C4%81" title="Pendhā">Pendhā</a></li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boza" title="Boza">Boza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangjiu" title="Huangjiu">Huangjiu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agave americana</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulque" title="Pulque">Pulque</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahalina" title="Bahalina">Bahalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">Palm wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuak">Tuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuba (wine)">Tubâ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhak" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuhak">Tuhak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunggang">Tunggang</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li></ul></li> <li>Galangal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bais_(wine)" title="Bais (wine)">Bais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byais" title="Byais">Byais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabarawan" title="Kabarawan">Kabarawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mead" title="Mead">Mead</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilju" title="Kilju">Kilju</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basi" title="Basi">Basi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intus" title="Intus">Intus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palek" title="Palek">Palek</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_tea" title="Fermented tea">Fermented tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombucha" title="Kombucha">Kombucha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cauim" title="Cauim">Cauim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicha" title="Chicha">Chicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parakari" title="Parakari">Parakari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibwatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibwatu">Ibwatu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liquors_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquors</a> by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applejack_(drink)" title="Applejack (drink)">Applejack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvados" title="Calvados">Calvados</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cashew apple <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">Feni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsch" title="Kirsch">Kirschwasser</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araqi_(drink)" title="Araqi (drink)">Araqi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Fig <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boukha" title="Boukha">Boukha</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grape <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armagnac_(brandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armagnac (brandy)">Armagnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognac" title="Cognac">Cognac</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slivovitz" title="Slivovitz">Slivovitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Auic%C4%83" title="Țuică">Țuică</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace" title="Pomace">Pomace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chacha_(brandy)" title="Chacha (brandy)">Chacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grappa" title="Grappa">Grappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomace_brandy" title="Pomace brandy">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orujo" title="Orujo">Orujo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsikoudia" title="Tsikoudia">Tsikoudia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsipouro" title="Tsipouro">Tsipouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zivania" title="Zivania">Zivania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brandy" title="Brandy">Brandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_de_vie" title="Eau de vie">Eau de vie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geist_(liquor)" title="Geist (liquor)">Geist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himbeergeist" title="Himbeergeist">Himbeergeist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marillenschnaps" title="Marillenschnaps">Marillenschnaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalewka" title="Nalewka">Nalewka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghi_(drink)" title="Oghi (drink)">Oghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1linka" title="Pálinka">Pálinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakia" title="Rakia">Rakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnaps" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnaps">Schnaps</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cereals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Barley <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Irish whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_whisky" title="Japanese whisky">Japanese whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_whisky" title="Scotch whisky">Scotch whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierbrand" title="Bierbrand">Bierbrand</a></li></ul></li> <li>Buckwheat <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_whisky" title="Buckwheat whisky">Buckwheat whisky</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maize <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_whiskey" title="Bourbon whiskey">Bourbon whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corn_whiskey" title="Corn whiskey">Corn whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_whiskey" title="Tennessee whiskey">Tennessee whiskey</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheongju_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheongju (wine)">Cheongju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholai" title="Cholai">Cholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lao-Lao" title="Lao-Lao">Lao-Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lihing" title="Lihing">Lihing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixiang_Baijiu" title="Mixiang Baijiu">Mixiang Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shochu" class="mw-redirect" title="Shochu">Shochu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soju" title="Soju">Soju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li></ul></li> <li>Rye <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korn_(liquor)" title="Korn (liquor)">Korn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_whiskey" title="Rye whiskey">Rye whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starka" title="Starka">Starka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sorghum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kaoliang_liquor" title="Kaoliang liquor">Kaoliang liquor</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Multiple grains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ara_(drink)" title="Ara (drink)">Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_whiskey" title="American whiskey">American whiskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijiu" title="Baijiu">Baijiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_whisky" title="Canadian whisky">Canadian whisky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whisky" title="Whisky">Whisky</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave" title="Agave">Agave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">Mezcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tequila" title="Tequila">Tequila</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut and other palms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arrack" title="Arrack">Arrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laksoy" title="Laksoy">Laksoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambanog" title="Lambanog">Lambanog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotol" title="Sotol">Sotol</a></li></ul></li> <li>Dairy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkhi" title="Arkhi">Arkhi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane or molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacha%C3%A7a" title="Cachaça">Cachaça</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clairin" title="Clairin">Clairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desi_daru" title="Desi daru">Desi daru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaro_(drink)" title="Guaro (drink)">Guaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">Rum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seco_Herrerano" title="Seco Herrerano">Seco Herrerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulai" title="Sulai">Sulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sura_(alcoholic_drink)" title="Sura (alcoholic drink)">Sura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharra" title="Tharra">Tharra</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various starches <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguardiente" title="Aguardiente">Aguardiente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Akvavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangla_(drink)" title="Bangla (drink)">Bangla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Horilka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">Vodka</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Liqueurs_and_infused_distilled_drinks_by_ingredients" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">Liqueurs</a> and infused distilled drinks by ingredients</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Almond <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaretto" title="Amaretto">Amaretto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_Noyaux" title="Crème de Noyaux">Crème de Noyaux</a></li></ul></li> <li>Anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Absinthe" title="Absinthe">Absinthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisado" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado">Anisado</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anisado_Mallorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Anisado Mallorca">Anisado Mallorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anisette" title="Anisette">Anisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak_(drink)" title="Arak (drink)">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierbas" title="Hierbas">Hierbas</a> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbs_de_Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbs de Majorca">Herbs de Majorca</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastika" title="Mastika">Mastika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouzo" title="Ouzo">Ouzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rak%C4%B1" title="Rakı">Rakı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambuca" title="Sambuca">Sambuca</a></li></ul></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bierlik%C3%B6r" title="Bierlikör">Bierlikör</a></li></ul></li> <li>Blackthorn shrub <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patxaran" title="Patxaran">Patxaran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cherry <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Heering" title="Cherry Heering">Cherry Heering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraschino" title="Maraschino">Maraschino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chili peppers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horilka" title="Horilka">Pertsivka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chocolate <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chocolate_liqueur" title="Chocolate liqueur">Chocolate liqueur</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cinnamon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tentura" title="Tentura">Tentura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubus_chamaemorus" title="Rubus chamaemorus">Cloudberry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakka" title="Lakka">Lakka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coconut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malibu_Rum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malibu Rum">Malibu</a></li></ul></li> <li>Coffee <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kahl%C3%BAa" title="Kahlúa">Kahlúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tia_Maria" title="Tia Maria">Tia Maria</a></li></ul></li> <li>Cream <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cream_liqueur" title="Cream liqueur">Cream liqueur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Irish cream</a></li></ul></li> <li>Egg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advocaat" title="Advocaat">Advocaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eggnog" title="Eggnog">Eggnog</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hazelnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frangelico" title="Frangelico">Frangelico</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akvavit" title="Akvavit">Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine" title="Bénédictine">Bénédictine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenniv%C3%ADn" title="Brennivín">Brennivín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_menthe" title="Crème de menthe">Crème de menthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaxa" title="Metaxa">Metaxa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicum" title="Unicum">Unicum</a></li></ul></li> <li>Honey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4renfang" title="Bärenfang">Bärenjäger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drambuie" title="Drambuie">Drambuie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glayva" title="Glayva">Glayva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Irish Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krupnik" title="Krupnik">Krupnik</a></li></ul></li> <li>Juniper <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borovi%C4%8Dka" title="Borovička">Borovička</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin" title="Gin">Gin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenever" title="Jenever">Jenever</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mammee apple flower <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eau_cr%C3%A9ole" class="mw-redirect" title="Eau créole">Eau créole</a></li></ul></li> <li>Orange <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cointreau" title="Cointreau">Cointreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Marnier" title="Grand Marnier">Grand Marnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_sec" title="Triple sec">Triple sec</a></li></ul></li> <li>Star anise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pastis" title="Pastis">Pastis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassolino" title="Sassolino">Sassolino</a></li></ul></li> <li>Sugarcane/molasses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charanda" title="Charanda">Charanda</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vanilla <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Licor_43" title="Licor 43">Licor 43</a></li></ul></li> <li>Various fruits <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campari" title="Campari">Campari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedratine" title="Cedratine">Cedratine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_banane" title="Crème de banane">Crème de banane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A8me_de_cassis" title="Crème de cassis">Crème de cassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoncello" title="Limoncello">Limoncello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schnapps" title="Schnapps">Schnapps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloe_gin" title="Sloe gin">Sloe gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Walnut <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nocino" title="Nocino">Nocino</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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