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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Human geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Coastal_Plain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Coastal_Plain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Northern Coastal Plain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Coastal_Plain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hof_HaCarmel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hof_HaCarmel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Hof HaCarmel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hof_HaCarmel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sharon_Plain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sharon_Plain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Sharon Plain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sharon_Plain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Coastal_Plain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Coastal_Plain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Central Coastal Plain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Coastal_Plain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Coastal_Plain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Coastal_Plain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Southern Coastal Plain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Coastal_Plain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Израелска крайбрежна равнина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Израелска крайбрежна равнина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izraelsk%C3%A1_pob%C5%99e%C5%BEn%C3%AD_planina" title="Izraelská pobřežní planina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izraelská pobřežní planina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanura_costera_de_Israel" title="Llanura costera de Israel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Llanura costera de Israel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israela_marborda_ebena%C4%B5o" title="Israela marborda ebenaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Israela marborda ebenaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelgo_kostaldeko_lautada" title="Israelgo kostaldeko lautada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Israelgo kostaldeko lautada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84" title="دشت ساحلی اسرائیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دشت ساحلی اسرائیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaine_c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re_isra%C3%A9lienne" title="Plaine côtière israélienne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plaine côtière israélienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A3" title="מישור החוף – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מישור החוף" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3wnina_przybrze%C5%BCna_Izraela" title="Równina przybrzeżna Izraela – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Równina przybrzeżna Izraela" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Израильская прибрежная равнина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Израильская прибрежная равнина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ізраїльська прибережна рівнина – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Narrow coastal plain along Palestine's Mediterranean Sea coast</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png/220px-Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="409" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png/330px-Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png/440px-Israeli_Coastal_Plain_region_in_Israel.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Israeli Coastal Plain region (red) in Israel (yellow)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Israeli coastal plain</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">מישור החוף</span>, <i>Mishor HaḤof</i>) is the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">Israeli</a> segment of the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Coastal_plain" title="Coastal plain">coastal plain</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, extending 187 kilometres (116 mi) north to south. It is a geographical <a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">region</a> defined <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">morphologically</a> by the sea, in terms of topography and soil, and also in its climate, flora and fauna. It is narrow in the north and broadens considerably towards the south, and is continuous, except the short section where <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> reaches almost all the way to the sea. The Coastal Plain is bordered to the east by – north to south – the topographically higher regions of the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, the low and flat <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a>, the Carmel range, the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a>, the hill country of <a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Shephelah" title="Shephelah">Shephelah</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Negev_Mountains" title="Negev Mountains">Negev Mountains</a> in the south. To the north it is separated from the coastal plain of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> by the cliffs of <a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_grottoes" title="Rosh HaNikra grottoes">Rosh HaNikra</a>, which jut out into the sea from the Galilee mountains, but to the south it continues into the <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>. </p><p>The plain can be conventionally divided into a number of areas: the Northern Coastal Plain borders the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> in its northern part, and the Jezreel Valley in its southern part between <a href="/wiki/Akko" class="mw-redirect" title="Akko">Akko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, where it is also called the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plain_of_Zebulon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plain of Zebulon (page does not exist)">Plain of Zebulon</a>; Hof HaCarmel, or the Carmel Coastal Plain, runs along the Mount Carmel range; the <a href="/wiki/Sharon_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharon Plain">Sharon Plain</a> continues down to northern <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>; the Central Coastal Plain stretches from Tel Aviv to the northern limit of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Shikma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Shikma (page does not exist)">Nahal Shikma</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:נחל שקמה">he</a>]</span> stream as its limit-<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there Israel's access to the Mediterranean ends and the Israeli Southern Coastal Plain, also known as the Western <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, actually consists of the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a> of the Strip. For almost its entire length, the plain has <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sandy</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Israel" title="List of beaches in Israel">beaches</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, except at its southern end where the climate is <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-arid">semi-arid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carmelbeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carmelbeach.jpg/300px-Carmelbeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carmelbeach.jpg/450px-Carmelbeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carmelbeach.jpg/600px-Carmelbeach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The view from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> across the Coastal Plain to the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The area was historically fertile in Biblical times, some of it being continually farmed ever since, although much turned over time into swampland, having to be converted back by <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> pioneers.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the area is the center of the country's citrus farms, and contains some of the country's most successful agricultural settlements. The plain has soils made of two sorts of thick river deposits; one dark and heavy – ideal for growing field crops, and the other thin and sandy – ideal for growing citrus fruits.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its length, the plain is only crossed by two significant rivers; the <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Yarkon</a>, which is 27 kilometres (17 mi) long flowing from the <a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a> area into the Mediterranean, and the <a href="/wiki/Kishon_River" title="Kishon River">Kishon</a> which is 43 kilometres (27 mi) long, flowing into the <a href="/wiki/Haifa_Bay" title="Haifa Bay">Gulf of Haifa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>About 57% of Israel's population lives in the coastal plain, much of them in the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Dan" title="Gush Dan">Tel Aviv</a> (<i>Gush Dan</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Haifa_metropolitan_area" title="Haifa metropolitan area">Haifa metropolitan areas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thinkquest_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the most predominantly <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> geographical region of Israel and accordingly the most predominantly Jewish region in the world, as Jews make up over 96% of the population in this region compared to 75% in the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a>, 70% in the Israeli portion of the <a href="/wiki/Judean_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Judean Mountains">Judean Mountains</a>, and only 50% in the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>About 4,320,000 people live on the Israeli Coastal Plain (57% of the total Israeli population of 7,600,000).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2017)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Israeli_coastal_plain#Very_old_source,_2016_almost_a_million_higher." title="Talk:Israeli coastal plain">discuss</a></i>]</sup> 4,200,000 million of them are <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> (97.2%), and 120,000 are <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Arabs">Israeli Arabs</a>. This accounts for approximately one-third of the world Jewish population, and almost three-quarters of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Israeli Coastal Plain has been populated for thousands of years, with the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a> (PPNB) village of <a href="/wiki/Atlit-Yam" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlit-Yam">Atlit-Yam</a> dating back some 9000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumfield_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumfield-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PPNB village was swallowed by the sea due to a rise in sea level caused by the melting glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumfield_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumfield-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent research has concluded that 5,500 years ago, during the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>, the Coastal Plain was a populated commercial and settlement center, and it is thought that at this time <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> led to the flooding of the area and the creation of many swamps, forcing a shift in human settlement patterns.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Settlements are thought to have been spread across the plain, from Gaza up to the Galilee by the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Phillistines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicians</a>, with the land being an important trade route for the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptians</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regions">Regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG/220px-RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG/330px-RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG/440px-RoshHanikra04_ST_07.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>The rocky coastline of <a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_(kibbutz)" title="Rosh HaNikra (kibbutz)">Rosh HaNikra</a> in the far north of the country</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg/220px-Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg/330px-Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg/440px-Israel-2013-Jaffa_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7744" data-file-height="8010" /></a><figcaption>Tel Aviv's coastline (seen from <a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a>) is highly urbanized</figcaption></figure> <p>The coastal plain includes the following geographical regions (from <a href="/wiki/North" title="North">north</a> to <a href="/wiki/South" title="South">south</a>): </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northern_Coastal_Plain">Northern Coastal Plain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Northern Coastal Plain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Northern Coastal Plain or Plain of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Asher" title="Tribe of Asher">Asher</a> stretches from Israel's third-largest city, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, northwards to <a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaNikra_(kibbutz)" title="Rosh HaNikra (kibbutz)">Rosh HaNikra</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Line (Lebanon)">Israel-Lebanon border</a>. It separates the <a href="/wiki/Western_Galilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Galilee">Western Galilee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley" title="Jezreel Valley">Jezreel Valley</a> from the Mediterranean. Its southern segment borders the Jezreel Valley and is – rather unfittingly – known as the <a href="/wiki/Plain_of_Zebulun" class="mw-redirect" title="Plain of Zebulun">Plain of Zebulun</a>. It is a fertile region containing the city of <a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Moshavim" class="mw-redirect" title="Moshavim">moshavim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kibbutzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibbutzim">kibbutzim</a>. There are many small islands and islets off the coast in this region.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often regarded as a separate region is the Acre coastal plain, which is crowded with urban areas including <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> and the northern suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, known as the Krayot, as well as more agricultural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hof_HaCarmel">Hof HaCarmel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hof HaCarmel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Hof HaCarmel (lit. "Carmel Coast") region is the Northern Coastal Plain section stretching along the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Mount Carmel</a> range, from <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> (more exactly: Rosh HaCarmel, the Mount Carmel <a href="/wiki/Cape_(geography)" title="Cape (geography)">cape</a> that reaches almost all the way to the sea<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), down to <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Taninim" title="Nahal Taninim">Nahal Taninim</a> south of <a href="/wiki/Zikhron_Ya%27akov" title="Zikhron Ya'akov">Zikhron Ya'akov</a>. The soil of the Hof HaCarmel plain is rich and apart from the main city of <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> in the north, most settlement here is made up of farming communities.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hof_HaCarmel_Regional_Council" title="Hof HaCarmel Regional Council">Hof HaCarmel Regional Council</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">administrative unit</a> which largely, but not fully, corresponds to the Hof HaCarmel geographic region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sharon_Plain">Sharon Plain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sharon Plain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sharon_plain" title="Sharon plain">Sharon plain</a> is the next stage down the Coastal Plain, running from Nahal Taninim (Zikhron Ya'akov) to <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Yarkon_River" title="Yarkon River">Yarkon River</a>. This area is Israel's most densely populated,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (January 2017)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Israeli_coastal_plain#What_about_Tel_Aviv,_which_is_south_of_it?" title="Talk:Israeli coastal plain">discuss</a></i>]</sup> containing a number of large towns and cities including <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a> as well as smaller communities inland.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Coastal_Plain">Central Coastal Plain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Central Coastal Plain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Israel's Central Coastal Plain also known as Judean Coastal Plain, is running from northern Tel Aviv's Yarkon River to the northern tip of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> marked by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahal_Shikma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahal Shikma (page does not exist)">Nahal Shikma</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9C_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%9E%D7%94" class="extiw" title="he:נחל שקמה">he</a>]</span>, the Central Coastal Plain contains cities such as <a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a>, as well as agricultural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Coastal_Plain">Southern Coastal Plain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Southern Coastal Plain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Southern Coastal Plain extends around the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and is also known as the Negev Coastal Plain. The Israeli Coastal Plain includes a fraction of Negev Coastal Plain south of the Shikma Stream, while much of the Negev Coastal Plain is included within the Gaza Strip. Geographically, the Negev Coastal Plain is the southern extension of the Judean Coastal Plain (Central Israeli Coastal Plain), and in terms of geology, hydrology, fauna and flora.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (August 2021)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Israeli_coastal_plain#a)_Gaza_Strip_is_not_Israel._Problem_must_be_solved_–_physical_geography_(it's_one_unit)_vs_political_(belongs_to_2_entities)._b)_Very_poor_(Google?)_translation;_the_"and"_in_"and_in_terms..."_is_either_useless_and_should_be_removed_(an_extension_in_terms_of_geology,_hydrology,_..._FULL_STOP),_or_indicates_that_an_important_part_of_the_sentence_is_missing." title="Talk:Israeli coastal plain">discuss</a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Israeli Southern Coastal Plain is divided into two subdivisions: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Besor" class="mw-redirect" title="Besor">Besor</a> region, a <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a>-type area with a relatively large number of communities, in the north</li> <li>the Agur-<a href="/wiki/Halutza" class="mw-redirect" title="Halutza">Halutza</a> region in the south which is very sparsely populated.<sup id="cite_ref-go_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-go-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Israel" title="List of beaches in Israel">List of beaches in Israel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-thinkquest-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thinkquest_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080104034308/http://library.thinkquest.org/26823/georegions.htm">"Geographic Regions"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/26823/georegions.htm">the original</a> on 2008-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographic+Regions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F26823%2Fgeoregions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006080551/http://news.eteacherhebrew.com/es/node/1344">"Issue #130 November 2011 – Regions in Israel"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.eteacherhebrew.com/es/node/1344">the original</a> on 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Issue+%23130+November+2011+%E2%80%93+Regions+in+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.eteacherhebrew.com%2Fes%2Fnode%2F1344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/lifesci/zoology/members/dayan_files/articles/after_20_years.pdf">"<i>After 20 Years</i>: A Taphonomic Re-evaluation of Nahal Hadera V, an Epipalaeolithic Site on the Israeli Coastal Plain"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.tau.ac.il</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tau.ac.il&rft.atitle=After+20+Years%3A+A+Taphonomic+Re-evaluation+of+Nahal+Hadera+V%2C+an+Epipalaeolithic+Site+on+the+Israeli+Coastal+Plain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tau.ac.il%2Flifesci%2Fzoology%2Fmembers%2Fdayan_files%2Farticles%2Fafter_20_years.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blumfield-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blumfield_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blumfield_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Tags/satellite">"Satellite News and latest stories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Satellite+News+and+latest+stories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FTags%2Fsatellite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017160646/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=896578">"Researchers say communities abandoned the coastal plain in the Bronze Age due to climate change and flooding"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. 2007-08-23. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=896578">the original</a> on 2008-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Researchers+say+communities+abandoned+the+coastal+plain+in+the+Bronze+Age+due+to+climate+change+and+flooding&rft.date=2007-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D896578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-go-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-go_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110906215023/http://goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Geographic+Regions/The+coastal+plain.htm">"The coastal plain"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goisrael.com/Tourism_Eng/Tourist+Information/Discover+Israel/Geographic+Regions/The+coastal+plain.htm">the original</a> on 2011-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+coastal+plain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goisrael.com%2FTourism_Eng%2FTourist%2BInformation%2FDiscover%2BIsrael%2FGeographic%2BRegions%2FThe%2Bcoastal%2Bplain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsraeli+coastal+plain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/green-haifa-dollar-signs-or-environmentalism-1.169825">Zafrir Rinat, <i>Green Haifa – Dollar Signs or Environmentalism</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, 15.09.2005</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Israeli_coastal_plain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Israeli_Coastal_Plain" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Israeli Coastal Plain">Israeli Coastal Plain</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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