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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ogham-stenen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ogham-stenen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ogham-stenen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ogham-stenen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bard" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bard"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Bard</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bard-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oorsprong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorsprong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Oorsprong</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oorsprong-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Oorsprong-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oorsprong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ogma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ogma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ogma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ogma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Het_Ogham-alfabet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Het_Ogham-alfabet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Het Ogham-alfabet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Het_Ogham-alfabet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ogham (alfabet)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 56 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%9D_%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%95%E1%8D%88%E1%89%B5" title="ኦጋም ጽሕፈት – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦጋም ጽሕፈት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85" title="أوجهام – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوجهام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Ogham" title="Surat Ogham – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Surat Ogham" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Агамічнае пісьмо – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Агамічнае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Агамічнае пісьмо – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Агамічнае пісьмо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%8C%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BC" title="Αλφάβητο Όγαμ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλφάβητο Όγαμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamo" title="Ogamo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ogamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85" title="اوگام – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوگام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham_(alfabet)" title="Ogham (alfabet) – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ogham (alfabet)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Schots-Gaelisch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schots-Gaelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9D" title="אוגם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוגם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamsko_pismo" title="Ogamsko pismo – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ogamsko pismo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Օգամական գիր – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օգամական գիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabeto_ogamico" title="Alfabeto ogamico – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alfabeto ogamico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="オガム文字 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オガム文字" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ოღამი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოღამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EA%B0%90_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="오감 문자 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오감 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogams" title="Ogams – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ogams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham-skrift" title="Ogham-skrift – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ogham-skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pismo_ogamiczne" title="Pismo ogamiczne – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pismo ogamiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfabetul_celtic" title="Alfabetul celtic – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alfabetul celtic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Огамическое письмо – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Огамическое письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oghamov%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo" title="Oghamové písmo – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oghamové písmo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogamska_pisava" title="Ogamska pisava – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ogamska pisava" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogam" title="Ogam – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ogam" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="อักษรโอคัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อักษรโอคัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham" title="Ogham – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ogham" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Огам – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Огам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%94%98%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="歐甘字母 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Ogham.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ogham.svg/100px-Ogham.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="658" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ogham.svg/150px-Ogham.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ogham.svg/200px-Ogham.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="842" /></a><figcaption>Ogham alfabet</figcaption></figure><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/350px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/525px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg/700px-All_Ogham_letters_including_Forfeda_-_%C3%9Cbersicht_aller_Ogham-Zeichen_einschlie%C3%9Flich_Forfeda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1532" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>Ogham-alfabet</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ogham</b> (<a href="/wiki/Oudiers" title="Oudiers">Oudiers</a>: <b>ogam</b>, soms ook, naar de eerste drie letters:<b>beth luis nion</b> of 'het boom alfabet') is een <a href="/wiki/Alfabet" title="Alfabet">alfabet</a> dat in de <a href="/wiki/5e_eeuw" title="5e eeuw">5e</a> en <a href="/wiki/6e_eeuw" title="6e eeuw">6e eeuw</a> gebruikt werd voor <a href="/wiki/Oudiers" title="Oudiers">Oudierse</a> en soms <a href="/wiki/Brythonisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Brythonisch">Brythonische</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pictisch" title="Pictisch">Pictische</a> <a href="/wiki/Inscriptie" title="Inscriptie">inscripties</a> op stenen en komt daarnaast in enkele <a href="/wiki/Oudiers" title="Oudiers">Oudierse</a> manuscripten voor (hoewel deze teksten zelf in het <a href="/wiki/Latijnse_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijnse alfabet">Latijnse alfabet</a> geschreven zijn). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ogham-stenen">Ogham-stenen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ogham-stenen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ogham-stenen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ogham-stenen zijn vooral te vinden in <a href="/wiki/Ierland_(eiland)" title="Ierland (eiland)">Ierland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schotland" title="Schotland">Schotland</a>, het zuiden van <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> en <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>. Men kan vaak ogham-inscripties vinden op oude grafstenen in Ierland en Wales, vaak ook met dezelfde tekst in het Latijnse alfabet ernaast. Er zijn veel inscripties gevonden op <a href="/wiki/Menhir" title="Menhir">menhirs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bard">Bard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bard" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bard"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een van de belangrijkste aspecten van het onderwijs voor <a href="/wiki/Bard_(zanger)" title="Bard (zanger)">barden</a> (zangers, dichters) was het leren van een geheime taal, die het voor ingewijde dichters mogelijk maakte met elkaar te converseren. Dit Ogam alfabet werd 'de geheime taal van de dichters' genoemd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorsprong">Oorsprong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oorsprong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oorsprong"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De oorsprong van ogham is onbekend: volgens een <a href="/wiki/15e_eeuw" title="15e eeuw">15de-eeuws</a> geschrift, het <i>Ogam Tract</i> (<i>Duil Feda</i>) van het <i>Book of Ballymote</i>, was ogham oorspronkelijk een geheime <a href="/wiki/Gebarentaal" title="Gebarentaal">gebarentaal</a> van de druïden, maar dit wordt tegenwoordig betwijfeld aangezien er geen andere referenties zijn gevonden. </p><p>Vaak is aangenomen dat het Ogam en <a href="/wiki/Runen" title="Runen">Runen</a> inscripties uit elkaar zijn ontstaan, maar het Ogam is de Keltische en Runen de Scandinavische schrijfmethode. Wel staan beide in verband met 'geheime kennis' en onder de hoede van goden van wijsheid. </p><p>Volgens taalkundig onderzoek van de Ogam inscripties, die gevonden zijn in Ierland, Engeland en Wales, duidt 'archaisch' woordgebruik op een zeer oude taal, die nog in schrift gebruikt werd, terwijl die niet meer werd gesproken. Dr. Macalister denkt dat de taal 'Oud <a href="/wiki/Goidelisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Goidelisch">Goidelisch</a>' is, de vroege taal van de Kelten. De taal zou nog door druïden zijn gesproken tijdens het mondelinge onderwijs op de scholen. Volgens Macalister zou ogam 'de taal' betekenen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ogma">Ogma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ogma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ogma"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ogham zou zijn uitgevonden in de tijd van <a href="/wiki/Bres_(god)" title="Bres (god)">Bres</a> zoon van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elatha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elatha (de pagina bestaat niet)">Elatha</a>, koning van Ierland. Bres, <a href="/wiki/Ogma" title="Ogma">Ogma</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delbaeth_(Elatha%27s_zoon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delbaeth (Elatha's zoon) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Delbaeth</a> waren de drie zonen van Elatha zoon van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Delbaeth_(Elatha%27s_vader)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delbaeth (Elatha's vader) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Delbaeth</a>. Ogam, vaardig in de spraak en poëzie, bedacht het Ogham schrift. Het was bedoeld voor de geleerde, edele klasse, de <a href="/wiki/Dru%C3%AFden" class="mw-redirect" title="Druïden">druïden</a> en niet voor het 'gewone volk'. Het alfabet zou voor het eerst, volgens de Ogam Tract, in de <a href="/wiki/Berk" title="Berk">berk</a> zijn geschreven. </p><p>Elders wordt Ogma <i>Cermait</i> (Honey-Mouthed), <i>Grian-ainech</i> (Sun-Faced) en <i>Trenfer</i> (sterke man, kampioen) genoemd als god en zoon van de <a href="/wiki/Dagda_(Keltische_mythologie)" title="Dagda (Keltische mythologie)">Dagda</a>. Doorgaans wordt Ogma beschreven als een god van literatuur en welsprekendheid. In <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Gallië</a> heette hij <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogmios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ogmios (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ogmios</a> en werd hij vereerd als een god van licht, traditie en geleerdheid. Volgens de klassieke schrijver <a href="/wiki/Lucianus_van_Samosata" title="Lucianus van Samosata">Lucianus</a> was hij de Keltische <a href="/wiki/Herakles_(mythologie)" title="Herakles (mythologie)">Heracles</a>. In een inscriptie gevonden in <a href="/wiki/Richborough" title="Richborough">Richborough</a> is Ogmios uitgebeeld met stralen licht rondom zijn hoofd en de zweep van <i>Sol Invictus</i> (de onoverwonnen zon) in zijn hand. Ogmios is dus de geschikte god om de uitvinding van een alfabet aan toe te schrijven, dat in verband wordt gebracht met magie, het doorgeven van geheime kennis en het schrijven van poëzie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Het_Ogham-alfabet">Het Ogham-alfabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Het Ogham-alfabet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Het Ogham-alfabet"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het is een rechtlijnig schrift dat van oorsprong 20 letters heeft die georganiseerd zijn in vier groepen van vijf letters. Later is hieraan een vijfde groep van vijf letters toegevoegd. </p><p>De letters van het ogham-schrift heten naar bomen die steeds met een andere letter beginnen. Men zegt dus niet "aa, bee, see, dee" maar "ailm, beith, coll, dair". Ook de Latijnse letters droegen voorheen in het Iers deze namen, maar tegenwoordig benoemt men de letters als in het Engels, behalve de A, die wordt genoemd zoals hij wordt uitgesproken. </p><p>De Ogham-tekens zijn in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> vastgelegd als U+1680 t/m 169C volgens onderstaande tabel: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hexadecimaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexadecimaal">hex</a></th> <th>Ogham</th> <th>Naam</th> <th>Betekenis</th> <th>Latijn </th> <td style="background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;" rowspan="17" class="unsortable">  </td> <th>hex</th> <th>Ogham</th> <th>Naam</th> <th>Betekenis</th> <th>Latijn </th></tr> <tr> <td>1680</td> <td align="center"><big> </big></td> <td>spatie</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1681</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚁ</big></td> <td>Beith</td> <td>Berk</td> <td>B</td> <td>1690</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚐ</big></td> <td>Ailm</td> <td>Iep</td> <td>A </td></tr> <tr> <td>1682</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚂ</big></td> <td>Luis</td> <td>Lijsterbes</td> <td>L</td> <td>1691</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚑ</big></td> <td>Onn</td> <td>Brem</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>1683</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚃ</big></td> <td>Fearn</td> <td>Els</td> <td>F</td> <td>1692</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚒ</big></td> <td>Úr</td> <td>Dophei</td> <td>U </td></tr> <tr> <td>1684</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚄ</big></td> <td>Sail</td> <td>Wilg</td> <td>S</td> <td>1693</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚓ</big></td> <td>Edad</td> <td>Populier</td> <td>E </td></tr> <tr> <td>1685</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚅ</big></td> <td>Nion</td> <td>Es</td> <td>N</td> <td>1694</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚔ</big></td> <td>Idad</td> <td>Taxus</td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>1686</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚆ</big></td> <td>Uath</td> <td>Meidoorn</td> <td>H </td></tr> <tr> <td>1687</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚇ</big></td> <td>Dair</td> <td>Eik</td> <td>D </td></tr> <tr> <td>1688</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚈ</big></td> <td>Tinne</td> <td>Hulst</td> <td>T</td> <td>1695</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚕ</big></td> <td>Eabhadh</td> <td>Esp</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1689</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚉ</big></td> <td>Coll</td> <td>Hazelaar</td> <td>C</td> <td>1696</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚖ</big></td> <td>Or</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168A</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚊ</big></td> <td>Ceirt</td> <td>Appel</td> <td>Q</td> <td>1697</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚗ</big></td> <td>Uilleann</td> <td>Kamperfoelie</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168B</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚋ</big></td> <td>Muin</td> <td>Wijnrank</td> <td>M</td> <td>1698</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚘ</big></td> <td>Iphin</td> <td>Kruisbes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168C</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚌ</big></td> <td>Gort</td> <td>Klimop</td> <td>G</td> <td>1699</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚙ</big></td> <td>Eamhancholl</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168D</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚍ</big></td> <td>nGeadal</td> <td></td> <td>NG</td> <td>169A</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚚ</big></td> <td>Peith (of Peith bhog)</td> <td>Dwergvlier</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168E</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚎ</big></td> <td>Straif</td> <td>Sleedoorn</td> <td>Z?</td> <td>169B</td> <td align="center"><big>᚛</big></td> <td>Veer</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>168F</td> <td align="center"><big>ᚏ</big></td> <td>Ruis</td> <td>Vlier</td> <td>R</td> <td>169C</td> <td align="center"><big>᚜</big></td> <td>omgekeerde Veer</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Matthews, J. (1991), <i>Taliesin, The Last Celtic Shaman</i>, Inner Traditions, Rochester, Vermont, 2002, p.211-219</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evertype.com/celtscript/ogfont.html">Eversons Oghomepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ogham.lyberty.com/oghamintro.html">Ogham-steen</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&oldid=68485083">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ogham_(alfabet)&oldid=68485083</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Keltische_taal" title="Categorie:Keltische taal">Keltische taal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Ierse_mythologie" title="Categorie:Ierse mythologie">Ierse mythologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Ierland" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Ierland">Geschiedenis van Ierland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alfabet" title="Categorie:Alfabet">Alfabet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Paleografie" title="Categorie:Paleografie">Paleografie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 6 dec 2024 om 19:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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