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The reason given is: as of 14 May 2024 a <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">new senate</a> is setting itself up".<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Senate</div> <br /><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Sénat</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Upper_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper House">Upper House</a></div> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1960 and 2003<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Modeste_Bahati_Lukwebo" title="Modeste Bahati Lukwebo">Modeste Bahati Lukwebo</a> <br />since 5 March 2021 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data">108</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg/250px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg/375px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg/500px-Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_2019-2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Political groups</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> <dl><dd><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> AARC (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A884C7; color:black;"> </span> ACO (6)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F9FF28; color:black;"> </span> AAILCC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#3FFF30; color:black;"> </span> Alliance for Democratic Alternative (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CB3FFF; color:black;"> </span> Alliance for the Future (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#70E434; color:black;"> </span> AAGGC<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFCED6; color:black;"> </span> ADRP<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#725CFF; color:black;"> </span> ADFCA<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (5)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A24B68; color:white;"> </span> AAWC<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (5)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#EA7500; color:black;"> </span> ATD (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4A2DBB; color:white;"> </span> BUREC (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B1BB71; color:black;"> </span> CCU (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#D8A175; color:black;"> </span> CDER (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E7E71C; color:black;"> </span> CPPR (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFCC33; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> FCC (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BB8956; color:black;"> </span> FNSD (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5EA5BB; color:black;"> </span> G7 (4)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#DEDEDE; color:black;"> </span> Independent (34)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#4E4E4E; color:white;"> </span> MCR (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#00BA13; color:black;"> </span> MLC (4)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ABBBA9; color:black;"> </span> MIP<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E5AC3F; color:black;"> </span> PPPD<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFCC33; color:black;border:1px solid black;"> </span> PPRD (19)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF7B7B; color:black;"> </span> Progressistes (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF48E7; color:black;"> </span> Rainbow of Congo (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BB702F; color:black;"> </span> RDT (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#40E0D0; color:black;"> </span> RIA (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#5ABB67; color:black;"> </span> Social Movement for Renewal (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#CF1020; color:white;"> </span> UDPS/Tshisekedi (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#E14DFF; color:black;"> </span> Unified Lumumbist Party (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span> Union for the Congolese Nation (1)</span></dd> <dd><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#BFFFB6; color:black;"> </span> ZAIRE (1)</span></dd></dl> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">Indirect election</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2019_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" title="2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">14 March 2019</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2024</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg/220px-Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg/330px-Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg/440px-Palais_du_peuple_de_la_RDC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label">Sénat<br /><a href="/wiki/Palais_du_Peuple_(Kinshasa)" title="Palais du Peuple (Kinshasa)">Palais du Peuple</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.cd">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(black_spear).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg/125px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg/188px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_%28black_spear%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Tshisekedi" title="Félix Tshisekedi">Félix Tshisekedi</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Government</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">list</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Judith_Suminwa" title="Judith Suminwa">Judith Suminwa</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cabinet</a> <dl><dd>(<a href="/wiki/Suminwa_government" title="Suminwa government">current cabinet</a>)</dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">National Assembly</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_National_Assembly_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Judiciary</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Constitutional Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Constitutional Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Court of Cassation (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li>Council of State</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Provinces</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of provincial governors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">governors</a>)</span></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Territories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cities</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Sectors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chiefdoms_and_sectors_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chiefdoms and sectors of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Chiefdoms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Communes</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Recent and upcoming elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/2018_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election" title="2018 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_general_election" title="2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election">2023</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Senate: <a href="/wiki/2007_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" title="2007 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">2007</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" title="2019 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">2019</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_elections" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate elections">2024</a></i></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gubernatorial: <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2016 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2017 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2017</a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_gubernatorial_elections" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections">2024</a></i></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li>Ministry for Foreign Affairs <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Kayikwamba_Wagner" title="Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner">Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of diplomatic missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">in Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_passport" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Democratic Republic of the Congo citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Visa policy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;padding-bottom:0.5em;"> <a href="/wiki/MONUSCO" title="MONUSCO">United Nations Mission</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Template talk:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&params=4.3322_S_15.3031_E_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">4°19′56″S</span> <span class="longitude">15°18′11″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">4.3322°S 15.3031°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-4.3322; 15.3031</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p>The <b>Senate</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Sénat</i>) is the upper house of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>. The senate was established in 1960, abolished in 1967 and re-established in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the transition period in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2003 - 2006), the Senate, aside from its legislative role, also had the task of drafting the country's new constitution. This task came to fruition with the adoption of the draft in Parliament in May 2005, and its approval by the Congolese people, in a successful democratic referendum on 18 and 19 December 2005. </p><p>The current president of the Senate is <a href="/wiki/Modeste_Bahati_Lukwebo" title="Modeste Bahati Lukwebo">Modeste Bahati Lukwebo</a>, elected in 5 March 2021. The secretary general is <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Byaza_Sanda_Lutala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Byaza Sanda Lutala (page does not exist)">David Byaza Sanda Lutala</a>. The most recent Senate was sworn in on January 28, 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election">Election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg/220px-Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg/330px-Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg/440px-Charles_Mwando_Nsimba_addressing_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mwando_Nsimba" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Mwando Nsimba">Charles Mwando Nsimba</a> addressing the Senate with Léon Kengo presiding, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Senators were elected under the new constitution on 19 January 2007 by the provincial parliaments of their respective <a href="/wiki/Provinces_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">provinces</a>. Members of the Senate are indirectly elected by the Provincial Assemblies. Each of the 25 provinces proper elects four senators and the city-province of <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> elects eight. Elected senators serve five year terms.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former presidents may sit as <a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">senators for life</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transitional_Senate">Transitional Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Transitional Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Composition of the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Transitional</a> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;"> </th> <th style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;">Seats </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Movement for the Liberation of Congo">Movement for the Liberation of Congo</a> (<i>Mouvement pour la Liberation du Congo</i>) </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Government </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Political opposition </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Congolese_Rally_for_Democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Congolese Rally for Democracy">Congolese Rally for Democracy</a> (<i>Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie</i>) </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Civil Society </td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Maï-Maï </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Congolese Rally for Democracy/Kisangani Liberation Movement (<i>Rassemblement des Congolais pour la Démocratie/ Kisangani Mouvement de Libération</i>) </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Rally of Congolese for Democracy-National (<i>Rassemblement des Congolais pour la Démocratie – National</i>) </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E9E9E9">Total </td> <td width="30" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"><b>120</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_senators">List of senators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of senators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_elections#2024_Senators" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate elections">2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate elections § 2024 Senators</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Members of the 2019–2023 Senate </caption> <tbody><tr> <th valign="top">Province </th> <th valign="top">Senator </th> <th valign="top" colspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Bas-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Bas-Uélé">Bas-Uélé</a> </td> <td>Carole Agito Amela </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Papy Bazego Tebuseli </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: blue;" data-sort-value="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Congo" title="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo">MLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>George Erick Makangu </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nestor Ngbonda Dauly </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_%C3%89quateur" title="Province of Équateur">Équateur</a> </td> <td>Richard Bampunga Ndombo Benteke </td> <td> </td> <td>RIA </td></tr> <tr> <td>José Endungo Bononge </td> <td> </td> <td>G7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tristan Etumba Boyengo </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Edouard Mokolo Wa Pombo </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Katanga_Province" title="Haut-Katanga Province">Haut-Katanga</a> </td> <td>Bijoux Goya Kitenge </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miche Kanyimbu Shindany </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Francine Muyumba Furaha </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Célestin Pande Kapopo </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Haut-Lomami" title="Haut-Lomami">Haut-Lomami</a> </td> <td>Isabelle Kabamba Wa Umba </td> <td> </td> <td>Movement for the Integrity of the People<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Augustin Kapya Ntumba </td> <td bgcolor="#A24B68"> </td> <td>Alternative Action for Well-being and Change </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ilunga Kitombolwe </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Irène Kunda Kisenga<sup id="cite_ref-Muamba_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muamba-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_Front_for_Congo" title="Common Front for Congo">FCC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Haut-U%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Haut-Uélé">Haut-Uélé</a> </td> <td>Jean Bakomito Gambu </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean Pierre Batumoko Afozunde </td> <td bgcolor="70E434"> </td> <td>Alliance of Actors for Good Governance of Congo </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dieudonnette Mungwananjo Boyekombo </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norbert Samaki Anidutini<sup id="cite_ref-Muamba_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muamba-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Common_Front_for_Congo" title="Common Front for Congo">FCC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ituri_Province" title="Ituri Province">Ituri</a> </td> <td>Médard Autsai Asenga </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Tibasima Mbongemu Ateenyi </td> <td> </td> <td>Alternative Action for Well-being and Change </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alphonse Ukeci Muswa Urundi </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance for Democratic Alternative<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pierrot Uweka Ukaba </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF_Province" title="Kasaï Province">Kasaï</a> </td> <td>Evariste Boshab Mabudi </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Victorine Lwese Bakuamoyo </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>John Muyamba Ngov </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kalala Nkole Kally<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#725CFF"> </td> <td>Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Central" title="Kasaï-Central">Kasaï-Central</a> </td> <td>Remy Bwanoko Kalombo<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dénis Kambayi Cimbumbu </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ida Kamonji Nasserwa </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pauline Monalux Ml Mona Kayoko </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kasa%C3%AF-Oriental" title="Kasaï-Oriental">Kasaï-Oriental</a> </td> <td>Samy Badibanga Ntita </td> <td> </td> <td>Progressistes </td></tr> <tr> <td>Auguy Ilunga Civuila </td> <td> </td> <td>RDT </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odette Mbuyi Ngoy </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eddy Mundela Kanku<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td bgcolor="#CF1020"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_Democracy_and_Social_Progress_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Democracy and Social Progress (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">UDPS/Tshisekedi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a> </td> <td>Valentin Gerengo N'vene </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: blue;" data-sort-value="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Congo" title="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo">MLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Patrick Lubala Birhashirwa </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Didier Molisho Sadi </td> <td> </td> <td>MCR </td></tr> <tr> <td>Didier Mumengi Tshukudi </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adonis Ngambani Ngovoli </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eric Rubuye Hakizimwami </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Augustin Salabia Isambakana </td> <td bgcolor="#A24B68"> </td> <td>Alternative Action for Well-being and Change </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ange Ziaka Angelani </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kongo_Central" title="Kongo Central">Kongo Central</a> </td> <td>Pamphile Badu Wa Badu </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rolly Lelo Nzazi </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Roger Muaka Muaka </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nefertiti Ngudianza Bayokisa Kisula </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kwango" title="Kwango">Kwango</a> </td> <td>Nathalie Bul'an'sung Sanata </td> <td bgcolor="#A884C7"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Future_of_the_Congo" title="Future of the Congo">ACO</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>André Kimbuta Yango </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Colette Lukamata Nkulu </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #b22222;" data-sort-value="Unified Lumumbist Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Unified_Lumumbist_Party" title="Unified Lumumbist Party">Unified Lumumbist Party</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Aimé Patience Mangyadi Bifulu </td> <td bgcolor="#A24B68"> </td> <td>Alternative Action for Well-being and Change </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kwilu_Province" title="Kwilu Province">Kwilu</a> </td> <td>Sacré Inioki Lamfel </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance for the Future<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marie-Josée Sona Kamitatu </td> <td> </td> <td>G7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ida Kidima Nzumba </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean-Philibert Mabaya Gizi Amine </td> <td> </td> <td>Rainbow of Congo<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Lomami_Province" title="Lomami Province">Lomami</a> </td> <td>Micheline Kabedi Kazadi </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabriel Kazadi Ngoy </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dieudonné Kazadi Nyembwe </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hippolyte Mutombo Mbwebwe </td> <td> </td> <td>Action of Allies to Improve Living Conditions for the Congolese<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Lualaba_Province" title="Lualaba Province">Lualaba</a> </td> <td>Ghislain Chikez Diemu </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kaumba Lufunda </td> <td> </td> <td>Movement for the Integrity of the People<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laurent Muzangisa Mutalenu </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Godefroid Mwenda Bantu Munongo </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mai-Ndombe_Province" title="Mai-Ndombe Province">Mai-Ndombe</a> </td> <td>Thalie Dasyo Mokfe </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Célestin James Mokelo Mumba Kebeke </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fidèle Mpayi Mumpele </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frederick Mwamfwa Bopali </td> <td> </td> <td>CPPR </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Maniema" title="Maniema">Maniema</a> </td> <td>Jean Baptiste Assumani Amani </td> <td bgcolor="#E5AC3F"> </td> <td>People's Party for Peace and Democracy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jérôme Bikenge Musimbi </td> <td> </td> <td>Action of Allies to Improve Living Conditions for the Congolese<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matata_Ponyo_Mapon" title="Matata Ponyo Mapon">Matata Ponyo Mapon</a> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alexis Thambwe Mwamba </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Mongala" title="Mongala">Mongala</a> </td> <td>Denise Bolingo Botakile </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance for the Future<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abdoul Lianza Mole<sup id="cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate10-6-22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Louis Mbonga Magalu-Engwanda </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean de dieu Moleka Liambi </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Ubangi" title="Nord-Ubangi">Nord-Ubangi</a> </td> <td>Basile Bale Bila </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: blue;" data-sort-value="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Congo" title="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo">MLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philémon Kpama Baramoto Kapa </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Giala Mobutu </td> <td> </td> <td>ZAIRE </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean-Pierre Zagbalafio Angala </td> <td> </td> <td>ATD </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/North_Kivu" title="North Kivu">North Kivu</a> </td> <td>Pierre Kabanda Kayobotsi </td> <td> </td> <td>BUREC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean-Pierre Kibaya Munembwe </td> <td> </td> <td>AARC </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jean Mukinti Baumbilia </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #cd5c5c;" data-sort-value="Social Movement for Renewal"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Movement_for_Renewal" title="Social Movement for Renewal">Social Movement for Renewal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Célestin Vunabandi Kanyamihigo </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sankuru" title="Sankuru">Sankuru</a> </td> <td>Moise Ekanga Lushyma </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Emile Omba Djunga Kasongo<sup id="cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate10-6-22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onard_She_Okitundu" title="Léonard She Okitundu">Leonard She Okitundu Lundula</a> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Berthold Ulungu Ekunda Lutaka </td> <td> </td> <td>CCU </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/South_Kivu" title="South Kivu">South Kivu</a> </td> <td>Modeste Bahati Lukwembo </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Léon Mamboleo Mughuba Itundamilamba </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #ef1e26;" data-sort-value="Union for the Congolese Nation"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Congolese_Nation" title="Union for the Congolese Nation">Union for the Congolese Nation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mapenzi Maneno<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>G7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stéphane Miruho Mugorozi </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sud-Ubangi" title="Sud-Ubangi">Sud-Ubangi</a> </td> <td>Francoise Bemba Ndokwa </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: blue;" data-sort-value="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Congo" title="Movement for the Liberation of the Congo">MLC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Norbert Imana Mbule </td> <td> </td> <td>CDER </td></tr> <tr> <td>José Makila Sumanda </td> <td> </td> <td>ATD </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sanguma Temongonde Mossai </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_Province" title="Tanganyika Province">Tanganyika</a> </td> <td>Isidore Kabwe Mwehu Longo </td> <td bgcolor="#A24B68"> </td> <td>Alternative Action for Well-being and Change </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vicky Katumwa Mukalay </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Célestine Hortense Mukalay Kionde </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christine Mwando Katempa </td> <td> </td> <td>G7 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tshopo" title="Tshopo">Tshopo</a> </td> <td>James Bayukita Makula </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mike Mosisi Makota </td> <td> </td> <td>Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies<sup id="cite_ref-IPU_12-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Laddy Yangotikala Senga<sup id="cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Senate10-6-22-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Anita Zeta Bamanyisa </td> <td> </td> <td>FNSD </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tshuapa" title="Tshuapa">Tshuapa</a> </td> <td>Lydie Baopoko Bahike </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cathy Botema Mboyo<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reagan Ilanga Bakonga </td> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fidèle Likinda Bolom'elenge </td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC33"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_for_Reconstruction_and_Democracy" title="People's Party for Reconstruction and Democracy">PPRD</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sources:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_Senate_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election">2024 Democratic Republic of the Congo Senate election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Senate_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List of presidents of the Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Action of Allies to Improve Living Conditions for the Congolese</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alliance of Actors for Good Governance of Congo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alliance of Democrats for Renewal and Progress</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alliance of the Democratic Forces of Congo and Allies</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alternative Action for Well-being and Change</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Movement for the Integrity of the People</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People's Party for Peace and Democracy</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.cd/index.php/senat/historique">"HISTORIQUE"</a>. <i>www.senat.cd</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senat.cd&rft.atitle=HISTORIQUE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.cd%2Findex.php%2Fsenat%2Fhistorique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ewn.co.za/2019/01/28/after-election-upheaval-dr-congo-inaugurates-new-parliament">"After 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<i>Daily Monitor</i>. 30 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Monitor&rft.atitle=After+election+upheaval%2C+DR+Congo+inaugurates+new+parliament&rft.date=2020-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.monitor.co.ug%2FNews%2FWorld%2FAfter-election-upheaval-DR-Congo-inaugurates-new-parliament%2F688340-4955854-kyfi24%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ipu.org/content/democratic-republic-congo">"Democratic Republic of the Congo"</a>. <i>New Parline: the IPU’s Open Data Platform (beta)</i>. July 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Parline%3A+the+IPU%E2%80%99s+Open+Data+Platform+%28beta%29&rft.atitle=Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.ipu.org%2Fcontent%2Fdemocratic-republic-congo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPU-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IPU_12-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.ipu.org/node/47/elections?chamber_id=13569">"Democratic Republic of the Congo"</a>. <i>IPU</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Actualit%C3%A9.cd&rft.atitle=S%C3%A9nat+%3A+les+mandats+des+suppl%C3%A9ants+de+Lola+Kisanga+et+Kabuya+Lumuna+valid%C3%A9s&rft.date=2021-04-03&rft.aulast=Muamba&rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A9ment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factualite.cd%2F2021%2F04%2F03%2Fsenat-les-mandats-des-suppleants-de-lola-kisanga-et-kabuya-lumuna-valides&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rtnc.cd/rdc-le-senat-valide-le-mandat-du-2eme-suppleant-du-senateur-nkole-tshimuanga-gaston/?_gl=1*gqgoaf*_ga*MTkxMjQ3Njk3OC4xNjg3MDE5ODI3*_ga_65EZ8V0BCL*MTY4NzAxOTgyOS4xLjEuMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4wLjAuMA..*_ga_WL5J9Z3VCQ*MTY4NzAxOTgyOS4xLjAuMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4wLjAuMA..&_ga=2.163615542.865484404.1687019830-1912476978.1687019827">"Le Sénat valide le mandat du 2ème suppléant du sénateur Nkole Tshimuanga Gaston, en remplacement du défunt sénateur Ntumba Mbuyi Flory, qui était premier suppléant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RTNC" class="mw-redirect" title="RTNC">RTNC</a></i> (in French). 15 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RTNC&rft.atitle=Le+S%C3%A9nat+valide+le+mandat+du+2%C3%A8me+suppl%C3%A9ant+du+s%C3%A9nateur+Nkole+Tshimuanga+Gaston%2C+en+remplacement+du+d%C3%A9funt+s%C3%A9nateur+Ntumba+Mbuyi+Flory%2C+qui+%C3%A9tait+premier+suppl%C3%A9ant.&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frtnc.cd%2Frdc-le-senat-valide-le-mandat-du-2eme-suppleant-du-senateur-nkole-tshimuanga-gaston%2F%3F_gl%3D1%2Agqgoaf%2A_ga%2AMTkxMjQ3Njk3OC4xNjg3MDE5ODI3%2A_ga_65EZ8V0BCL%2AMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4xLjEuMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4wLjAuMA..%2A_ga_WL5J9Z3VCQ%2AMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4xLjAuMTY4NzAxOTgyOS4wLjAuMA..%26_ga%3D2.163615542.865484404.1687019830-1912476978.1687019827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acpcongo.com/index.php/2022/04/12/senat-le-premier-suppleant-remy-bwanoko-remplace-le-feu-senateur-boniface-mwawatadi/">"Sénat : le premier suppléant Remy Bwanoko remplace feu le sénateur Boniface Mwawatadi"</a>. <i>ACP</i> (in French). 12 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ACP&rft.atitle=S%C3%A9nat+%3A+le+premier+suppl%C3%A9ant+Remy+Bwanoko+remplace+feu+le+s%C3%A9nateur+Boniface+Mwawatadi&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facpcongo.com%2Findex.php%2F2022%2F04%2F12%2Fsenat-le-premier-suppleant-remy-bwanoko-remplace-le-feu-senateur-boniface-mwawatadi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://congoprofond.net/rdc-la-liste-des-senateurs-elus/">"RDC: la liste des sénateurs élus !"</a>. <i>Congo Profond</i> (in French). 15 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Congo+Profond&rft.atitle=RDC%3A+la+liste+des+s%C3%A9nateurs+%C3%A9lus+%21&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcongoprofond.net%2Frdc-la-liste-des-senateurs-elus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeyes2021" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seyes, Adrien (11 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://congolibere.com/election-du-1er-vice-president-du-senat-felix-tshisekedi-de-nouveau-accuse-de-nepotisme/">"Election du 1er vice-président du Sénat : Félix Tshisekedi de nouveau accusé de népotisme"</a>. <i>Le Congo Libéré</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Congo+Lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Election+du+1er+vice-pr%C3%A9sident+du+S%C3%A9nat+%3A+F%C3%A9lix+Tshisekedi+de+nouveau+accus%C3%A9+de+n%C3%A9potisme&rft.date=2021-06-11&rft.aulast=Seyes&rft.aufirst=Adrien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcongolibere.com%2Felection-du-1er-vice-president-du-senat-felix-tshisekedi-de-nouveau-accuse-de-nepotisme%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Senate10-6-22-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Senate10-6-22_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.cd/le-senat-valide-les-pouvoirs-des-trois-nouveaux-senateurs/">"Le Senat valide les pouvoirs des trois nouveaux senateurs"</a>. <i>www.senat.cd</i> (in French). Senate of DR Congo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.senat.cd&rft.atitle=Le+Senat+valide+les+pouvoirs+des+trois+nouveaux+senateurs.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.cd%2Fle-senat-valide-les-pouvoirs-des-trois-nouveaux-senateurs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakitenge2020" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yakitenge, Berith (30 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actualite.cd/2020/10/30/rdc-le-senat-adopte-son-calendrier-des-travaux-de-la-session-ordinaire-de-septembre-2020">"RDC: le Sénat adopte son calendrier des travaux de la session ordinaire de septembre 2020"</a>. <i>Actualité.cd</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Actualit%C3%A9.cd&rft.atitle=RDC%3A+le+S%C3%A9nat+adopte+son+calendrier+des+travaux+de+la+session+ordinaire+de+septembre+2020&rft.date=2020-10-30&rft.aulast=Yakitenge&rft.aufirst=Berith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Factualite.cd%2F2020%2F10%2F30%2Frdc-le-senat-adopte-son-calendrier-des-travaux-de-la-session-ordinaire-de-septembre-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.cd/examen-de-la-proposition-de-loi-organique-sur-la-ceni%EF%BF%BC-2/">"Examen de la proposition de loi organique sur la CENI"</a>. <i>senat.cd</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senat.cd&rft.atitle=Examen+de+la+proposition+de+loi+organique+sur+la+CENI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.cd%2Fexamen-de-la-proposition-de-loi-organique-sur-la-ceni%25EF%25BF%25BC-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDibendila" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dibendila, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lepouvoirdupeuple.com/index.php/fr/actualites2/news-politics/668-elections-2023-fidele-likinda-alerte-l-udps-commence-a-avoir-p">"Élections 2023 : Fidèle Likinda alerte, « l'UDPS commence à avoir peur d'aller aux élections »"</a>. <i>Le Pouvoir du Peuple</i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Pouvoir+du+Peuple&rft.atitle=%C3%89lections+2023+%3A+Fid%C3%A8le+Likinda+alerte%2C+%C2%AB+l%27UDPS+commence+%C3%A0+avoir+peur+d%27aller+aux+%C3%A9lections+%C2%BB&rft.aulast=Dibendila&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lepouvoirdupeuple.com%2Findex.php%2Ffr%2Factualites2%2Fnews-politics%2F668-elections-2023-fidele-likinda-alerte-l-udps-commence-a-avoir-p&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.cd/vos-senateurs/par-circonscription-electorale/">"List Of Senators By Electoral District"</a>. <i>senat.cd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senat.cd&rft.atitle=List+Of+Senators+By+Electoral+District&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.cd%2Fvos-senateurs%2Fpar-circonscription-electorale%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senat.cd/vos-senateurs/par-parti-politique/">"By Political Party"</a>. <i>senat.cd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=senat.cd&rft.atitle=By+Political+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.cd%2Fvos-senateurs%2Fpar-parti-politique%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASenate+%28Democratic+Republic+of+the+Congo%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.cd/">Senate of the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li></ul> <div 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Template:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Template talk:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Republic of the Congo topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-colonial_history_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Pre-colonial history of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Congo_Basin" title="Colonization of the Congo Basin">Colonization (1867–85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_the_Congo_Free_State_and_Belgian_Congo" title="List of colonial governors of the Congo Free State and Belgian Congo">Colonial governors (1885–1960)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Free_State" title="Congo Free State">Congo Free State (1885–1908)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrocities_in_the_Congo_Free_State" title="Atrocities in the Congo Free State">Atrocities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo (1908–60)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo_in_World_War_II" title="Belgian Congo in World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Congo-Léopoldville (1960–65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis (1960–65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Katanga" title="State of Katanga">State of Katanga (1960–63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire" title="Zaire">Zaire (1965–97)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Congo_War" title="First Congo War">First Congo War (1996–98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War (1998–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="2000s in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">2000s</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Transitional Government (2003–06)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kivu_conflict" title="Kivu conflict">Kivu conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_rebellion" title="M23 rebellion">M23 rebellion (2012–13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M23_offensive_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 offensive (2022–present)">M23 offensive (2022–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Geography of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_conservation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Nature conservation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of ecoregions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Mountain ranges of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of volcanoes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Wildlife of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_place_names_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Former place names in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Former place names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Politics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Subdivisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Court of Cassation (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Court of Cassation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Foreign relations of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Mobutu_Sese_Seko_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Mobutu Sese Seko administration">Foreign policy under Mobutu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Law enforcement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Chief of Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Parliament of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">National Assembly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of political parties in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of presidents of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Agriculture in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Congo" title="Central Bank of the Congo">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="List of companies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Energy in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_franc" title="Congolese franc">Franc (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Tourism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Transport in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Society of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage_in_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Child marriage in Democratic Republic of the Congo">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Corruption in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Crime in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Education in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Human trafficking in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Prostitution in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" title="Social issues in the Democratic Republic of Congo">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Culture of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_cuisine" title="Congolese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Football in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Mass media in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Music of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Public holidays in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Outline of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Democratic Republic of the Congo–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_houses_of_national_legislatures" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_upper_houses" title="Template:National upper houses"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_upper_houses" title="Template talk:National upper houses"><abbr title="Discuss this 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href="/wiki/Senate_(Belgium)" title="Senate (Belgium)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peoples_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="House of Peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Federation" title="House of Federation">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Bundesrat" title="German Bundesrat">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara" title="Dewan Negara">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Mexico)" title="Senate of the Republic (Mexico)">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Nigeria" title="Senate of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_Council_(Russia)" title="Federation Council (Russia)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Somalia" title="Senate of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(South_Sudan)" title="Council of States (South Sudan)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Sudan)" title="Council of States (Sudan)">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Nation" title="Council of the Nation">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Antigua_and_Barbuda)" title="Senate (Antigua and Barbuda)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Bahamas#Senate" title="Parliament of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consultative_Council_(Bahrain)" title="Consultative Council (Bahrain)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Barbados" title="Senate of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Republic_(Belarus)" title="Council of the Republic (Belarus)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Belize)" title="Senate (Belize)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Bhutan)" title="National Council (Bhutan)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Senators_(Bolivia)" title="Chamber of Senators (Bolivia)">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Burundi)" title="Senate (Burundi)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cambodia)" title="Senate (Cambodia)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Cameroon)" title="Senate (Cameroon)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_(Chad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate (Chad) (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Chile" title="Senate of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Colombia" title="Senate of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Senate (Republic of the Congo)">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Senate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Senate of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Equatorial_Guinea)" title="Senate (Equatorial Guinea)">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Eswatini" title="Senate of Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(France)" title="Senate (France)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Gabon" title="Senate of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Grenada)" title="Senate (Grenada)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Haiti)" title="Senate (Haiti)">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Representative_Council" title="Regional Representative Council">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Ivory_Coast)" title="Senate (Ivory Coast)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Jamaica#Senate" title="Parliament of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">Japan (post-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Jordan)" title="Senate (Jordan)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Senate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Kenya" title="Senate of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Lesotho" title="Senate of Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Liberia" title="Senate of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Madagascar)" title="Senate (Madagascar)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(Morocco)" title="House of Councillors (Morocco)">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amyotha_Hluttaw" title="Amyotha Hluttaw">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Namibia)" title="National Council (Namibia)">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Nepal)" title="National Assembly (Nepal)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Netherlands)" title="Senate (Netherlands)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(Oman)" title="Council of State (Oman)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Palau" title="Senate of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Paraguay" title="Senate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Poland" title="Senate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Romania" title="Senate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Rwanda)" title="Senate (Rwanda)">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Senate of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Slovenia)" title="National Council (Slovenia)">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Provinces" title="National Council of Provinces">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Spain" title="Senate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Tajikistan" title="National Assembly of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Thailand" title="Senate of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Trinidad_and_Tobago)" title="Senate (Trinidad and Tobago)">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Regions_and_Districts" title="National Council of Regions and Districts">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uruguay" title="Senate of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Senate of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)" title="Shura Council (Yemen)">Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Zimbabwe" title="Senate of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent and<br />other territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Senate" title="American Samoa Senate">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Bermuda" title="Senate of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Legislative Council of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">Non-UN states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Somaliland)" title="House of Elders (Somaliland)">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Elders_(Afghanistan)" title="House of Elders (Afghanistan)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Austria)" title="House of Lords (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(British_Guiana)" title="Senate (British Guiana)">British Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Princes" title="Chamber of Princes">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Representatives_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Chamber of Representatives of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Nationalities" title="Chamber of Nationalities">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Ceylon" title="Senate of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Costa_Rican_legislature#Senate_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Costa Rican legislature">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament#Chamber_of_Counties" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Cuba" title="Congress of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landstinget" class="mw-redirect" title="Landstinget">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Council" title="Conservative Council">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_States" title="Chamber of States">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_Ecuador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of Ecuador (page does not exist)">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Egypt)" title="Senate (Egypt)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_El_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of El Salvador (page does not exist)">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Parliament_of_Ethiopia" title="Imperial Parliament of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Senate" title="Greek Senate">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Magnates" title="House of Magnates">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iran" title="Senate of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Iraq" title="Senate of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Lords" title="Irish House of Lords">Kingdom of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Japan (pre-1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Kingdom_of_Libya#Senate" title="Parliament of the Kingdom of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Maldives" title="Senate of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Malta" title="Senate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Mauritania" title="Senate of Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Legislative_Council" title="New Zealand Legislative Council">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Nicaragua" title="National Congress of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Senate of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Republic_of_Peru#Senate" title="Congress of the Republic of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Portugal)" title="Senate (Portugal)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_House_of_Lords" title="Prussian House of Lords">Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Rhodesia#Senate" title="Parliament of Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Council_(Russian_Empire)" title="State Council (Russian Empire)">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_(Senegal)" title="Senate (Senegal)">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senate_of_the_Kingdom_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Senate of the Kingdom of Serbia (page does not exist)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_South_Africa" title="Senate of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors_(South_Korea)" title="House of Councillors (South Korea)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_of_Nationalities" title="Soviet of Nationalities">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6rsta_kammaren" title="Första kammaren">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Turkey)" title="Senate of the Republic (Turkey)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Venezuela" title="Senate of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsrat_(Germany)" title="Reichsrat (Germany)">Weimar Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">Bicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">Tricameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multicameralism" title="Multicameralism">Multicameralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abolished_upper_houses" title="List of abolished upper houses">List of abolished upper houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" 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