CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="tl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Charles Darwin - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )tlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","Enero","Pebrero","Marso","Abril","Mayo","Hunyo","Hulyo","Agosto","Setyembre","Oktubre","Nobyembre","Disyembre"],"wgRequestId":"2613ed41-cd7d-4362-81e2-f78ead7d85b4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Charles_Darwin","wgTitle":"Charles Darwin","wgCurRevisionId":2137401,"wgRevisionId":2137401,"wgArticleId":5063,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: date auto-translated","CS1 errors: invalid parameter value","CS1 errors: unsupported parameter","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 errors: archive-url","CS1 errors: missing periodical","Mga pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos - Enero 2014","Lahat ng pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos","Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation","Biography with signature","Articles with hCards","Portal templates with all redlinked portals", "Portal-inline template with redlinked portals","CS1 errors: chapter ignored","Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference","CS1 errors: access-date without URL","Mga biyologo mula sa Inglatera","Ebolusyon","Mga biyologong ebolusyonaryo","Mga agnostiko"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentLanguage":"tl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Charles_Darwin","wgRelevantArticleId":5063,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"tl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"tl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1035","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=tl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/1200px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1579"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/800px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1053"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/640px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="842"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Charles Darwin - Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Baguhin" href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (tl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//tl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.tl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom feed ng Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Charles_Darwin rootpage-Charles_Darwin skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Pumunta sa nilalaman</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Pangunahing pagpipilian" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Pangunahing pagpipilian </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Pangunahing pagpipilian</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Maglibot </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" title="Puntahan ang unang pahina [z]" accesskey="z">Unang pahina</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tingnan_ang_buod" title="Mga gabay sa pagbabasa ng laktaw-laktaw sa Wikipedia">Mga nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-Napiling-nilalaman" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mga_napiling_artikulo">Napiling nilalaman</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Alin_man" title="Magpalabas ng kahit-anong artikulo [x]" accesskey="x">Alinmang artikulo</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang_pangyayari" title="Hanapin ang mga impormasyon tungkol sa mga kamakailang kaganapan">Mga kaganapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Pakikihalubilo" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Pakikihalubilo" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pakikihalubilo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Puntahan_ng_pamayanan" title="Tungkol sa proyekto, ano ang maari mong gawin, at kung saan maari maghanap ng mga bagay">Pamayanan</a></li><li id="n-Kapihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kapihan">Kapihan</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_huling_binago" title="Tala ng mga huling pagbabago sa wiki. [r]" accesskey="r">Mga huling binago</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Makipag-ugnayan_sa_amin" title="Paano makokontak ang Wikipedia">Makipag-ugnayan</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tulong" title="Ang lugar para maghanap ng tulong sa Wikipedia.">Tulong</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Unang_Pahina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ang Malayang Ensiklopedya" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-tl.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Maghanap" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Hanapin </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" aria-label="Maghanap sa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Maghanap sa Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Natatangi:Maghanap"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Hanapin</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itsura" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itsura </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl" class="">Donasyon</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Charles+Darwin" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito" class="">Gumawa ng account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Charles+Darwin" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Mag-login</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Marami pang pagpipilian" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga pansariling kagamitan" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Mga pansariling kagamitan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_tl.wikipedia.org&uselang=tl">Donasyon</a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Contribute"> Mag-ambag</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Likhain_ang_kuwenta&returnto=Charles+Darwin" title="Mas maganda kung gagawa ka ng account at magla-login; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito"> Gumawa ng account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Paglagda_ng_tagagamit&returnto=Charles+Darwin" title="Mas maganda kung magla-login ka; gayunpaman, hindi ka pinipilit gawin ito [o]" accesskey="o"> Mag-login</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga pahina para sa naka-logout na mga patnugot o editor <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!" aria-label="Alamin pa ang tungkol sa pagpapatnugot">alamin pa</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Usapan_ko" title="Usapang tungkol sa mga pagbabagong ginawa sa ip address na ito [n]" accesskey="n">Usapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sayt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Mga nilalaman" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga nilalaman</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">itago</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Simula</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Talambuhay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Talambuhay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Talambuhay </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Talambuhay-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Ipakita/Itago ang subseksyon na Talambuhay </button> <ul id="toc-Talambuhay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kabataan_at_edukasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kabataan_at_edukasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Kabataan at edukasyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kabataan_at_edukasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paglalakbay_sa_Beagle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paglalakbay_sa_Beagle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Paglalakbay sa Beagle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paglalakbay_sa_Beagle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkakabuo_ng_teoriyang_ebolusyonaryo_ni_Darwin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkakabuo_ng_teoriyang_ebolusyonaryo_ni_Darwin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Pagkakabuo ng teoriyang ebolusyonaryo ni Darwin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkakabuo_ng_teoriyang_ebolusyonaryo_ni_Darwin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Labis_na_pagtatrabaho,_sakit,_at_pagpapakasal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Labis_na_pagtatrabaho,_sakit,_at_pagpapakasal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Labis na pagtatrabaho, sakit, at pagpapakasal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Labis_na_pagtatrabaho,_sakit,_at_pagpapakasal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pagkakalimbag_ng_teoriya_ng_natural_na_seleksiyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pagkakalimbag_ng_teoriya_ng_natural_na_seleksiyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ng natural na seleksiyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pagkakalimbag_ng_teoriya_ng_natural_na_seleksiyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_tugon_sa_pagkakalimbag_nito" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_tugon_sa_pagkakalimbag_nito"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Mga tugon sa pagkakalimbag nito </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_tugon_sa_pagkakalimbag_nito-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pinamgmulan_ng_Tao,_seleksiyong_seksuwal,_at_botaniya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pinamgmulan_ng_Tao,_seleksiyong_seksuwal,_at_botaniya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Pinamgmulan ng Tao, seleksiyong seksuwal, at botaniya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pinamgmulan_ng_Tao,_seleksiyong_seksuwal,_at_botaniya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kamatayan_at_legasiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kamatayan_at_legasiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Kamatayan at legasiya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kamatayan_at_legasiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_anak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_anak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Mga anak </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_anak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pananaw_ni_Darwin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pananaw_ni_Darwin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Mga pananaw ni Darwin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pananaw_ni_Darwin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Komemorasyon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Komemorasyon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Komemorasyon </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Komemorasyon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_sanggunian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_sanggunian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Mga sanggunian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_sanggunian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_pinagkuhaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_pinagkuhaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Mga pinagkuhaan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_pinagkuhaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mga_panlabas_na_kawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Mga panlabas na kawing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mga_panlabas_na_kawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Mga nilalaman" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Itago/Ipakita ang talaan ng mga nilalaman </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Charles Darwin</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pumunta sa isang artikulo na nakasulat sa ibang wika. Mayroon ito sa 200 (na) wika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-200" aria-hidden="true" > 200 wika </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%BB%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B5_%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%8A%E1%8A%95" title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቻርልስ ዳርዊን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تشارلز داروين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز داروين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চাৰ্লছ ডাৰউইন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Carlzos_Darv%C4%97ns" title="Čarlzos Darvėns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Čarlzos Darvėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="চার্লস ডারউইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চার্লস ডারউইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Darwin" title="Charles Robert Darwin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Robert Darwin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%B5%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارڵز داروین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چارڵز داروین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arlz_Darvin" title="Çarlz Darvin – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Çarlz Darvin" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин Чарльз – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дарвин Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάρολος Δαρβίνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwini_Charles" title="Darwini Charles – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Darwini Charles" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="達爾文 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="達爾文" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%A1%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ચાર્લ્સ ડાર્વિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="צ'ארלס דרווין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס דרווין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D4%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Դարվին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չարլզ Դարվին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A6_%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Չարլզ Տարուին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Չարլզ Տարուին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="チャールズ・ダーウィン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・ダーウィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/carl._daruin." title="carl. daruin. – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="carl. daruin." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%9F_%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាលែស ដាវីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಡಾರ್ವಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B0%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%88" title="찰스 다윈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="찰스 다윈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Darwin" title="Carolus Darwin – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Darwin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C4%81rlzs_Darvins" title="Čārlzs Darvins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čārlzs Darvins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചാൾസ് ഡാർവിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%92%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချားလ်စ် ဒါဝင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلز داروین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چارلز داروین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="चार्ल्स डार्विन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="चार्ल्स डार्विन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%B8_%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8" title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଚାର୍ଲସ ଡାରଉଇନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарльз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дарвин, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਰਲਸ ਡਾਰਵਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈارون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارلس ڈارون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%89%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلس ډاروین – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چارلس ډاروین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Дарвин, Чарлз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дарвин, Чарлз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="चार्ल्स् डार्विन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱮᱥ ᱰᱟᱨᱣᱤᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="چارلس ڊارون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="چارلس ڊارون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcarl%E1%BA%93_Darwin" title="Tcarlẓ Darwin – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tcarlẓ Darwin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චාල්ස් ඩාවින්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87arls_Darvin" title="Çarls Darvin – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çarls Darvin" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%81_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлс Дарвин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чарлс Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cals.talun" title="Cals.talun – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cals.talun" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சார்லசு டார்வின் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சார்லசு டார்வின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చార్లెస్ డార్విన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвин – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Чарлз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาลส์ ดาร์วิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carls_Darvin" title="Carls Darvin – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Carls Darvin" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Чарльз Дарвин – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чарльз Дарвин" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%86" title="دارۋىن – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="دارۋىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B7_%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Чарлз Дарвін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чарлз Дарвін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86" title="چارلس ڈاروین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چارلس ڈاروین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darvin_%C4%8Carl%27z" title="Darvin Čarl'z – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Darvin Čarl'z" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჩარლზ დარვინი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩარლზ დარვინი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9F" title="טשארלס דארווין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טשארלס דארווין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%9B%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%A3_%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴷⴰⵔⵡⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="查尔斯·达尔文 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查尔斯·达尔文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查爾斯·達爾文 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="查爾斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Charles Darwin" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="查理斯·達爾文 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="查理斯·達爾文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1035#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Baguhin ang link sa ibang wika" class="wbc-editpage">baguhin ang mga link</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Tingnan ang nilalaman [c]" accesskey="c">Artikulo</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Usapan:Charles_Darwin" rel="discussion" title="Usapan tungkol sa nilalaman nito [t]" accesskey="t">Usapan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ibahin ang baryante o variant ng wika" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tagalog </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mga tingin"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin">Basahin</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v">Baguhin</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e">Baguhin ang wikitext</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=history" title="Nakaraang pagbabago sa pahinang ito [h]" accesskey="h">Tingnan ang kasaysayan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mga kagamitan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Mga kagamitan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mga kagamitan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">itago</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Mga aksyon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin">Basahin</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit" title="Baguhin ito [v]" accesskey="v">Baguhin</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit" title="Baguhin ang kodigong batayan ng pahinang ito [e]" accesskey="e">Baguhin ang wikitext</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=history">Tingnan ang kasaysayan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pangkalahatan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Ano_ang_nakakawing_dito/Charles_Darwin" title="Talaan ng mga pahinang wiking nakaturo rito. [j]" accesskey="j">Mga nakaturo rito</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Nakakawing_ng_kamakailang_pagbabago/Charles_Darwin" rel="nofollow" title="Mga huling binago sa mga kaugnay na pahina mula sa pahinang ito [k]" accesskey="k">Kaugnay na pagbabago</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=tl" title="Magkarga ng mga larawan o iba pang midya [u]" accesskey="u">Mag-upload ng file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Natatanging_mga_pahina" title="Tala ng mga natatanging pahina [q]" accesskey="q">Natatanging pahina</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&oldid=2137401" title="Ibigay ang palagiang kawing para sa kasalukuyang bersyon ng pahinang ito">Permanenteng link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=info" title="More information about this page">Impormasyon ng pahina</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Sipiin&page=Charles_Darwin&id=2137401&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Impormasyon sa pagsangguni sa pahinang ito">Sumangguni</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCharles_Darwin">Kumuha ng pinaikling URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCharles_Darwin">I-download ang QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I-print/I-export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:Aklat&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Charles+Darwin">Lumikha ng isang aklat</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natatangi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Charles_Darwin&action=show-download-screen">I-download bilang PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&printable=yes" title="Ipakita ang bersyon ng pahinang itong madaling maililimbag [p]" accesskey="p">Bersyong mapi-print</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sa iba pang proyekto </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Charles_Robert_Darwin" hreflang="en">Wikispecies</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1035" title="Link sa nakakonektang item sa repositoryo ng datos [g]" accesskey="g">Item na Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itsura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itsura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ilipat sa gilid</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">itago</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1973446">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Translation_arrow.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Translation arrow icon"><img alt="Translation arrow icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/54px-Translation_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/81px-Translation_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Translation_arrow.svg/108px-Translation_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Ang artikulong ito ay nangangailangan ng maayos na salin. (Enero 2014)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1971697">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Charles Darwin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/220px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/330px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg/440px-Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2370" data-file-height="3119" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Charles Darwin, edad 45 noong 1854 at gumagawa tungo sa paglilimbag ng <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kapanganakan</th><td class="infobox-data">12 Pebrero 1809(1809-02-12) <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Mount,_Shrewsbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Mount, Shrewsbury (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mount House</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrewsbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shrewsbury (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shrewsbury</a>, Shropshire, Inglatera</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kamatayan</th><td class="infobox-data">19 Abril 1882(1882-04-19) (edad 73) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down House (hindi pa naisusulat)">Down House</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Downe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Downe (hindi pa naisusulat)">Downe</a>, Kent, Inglatera</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nasyonalidad</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (hindi pa naisusulat)">British</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mamamayan</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Citizenship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Citizenship (hindi pa naisusulat)">British</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nagtapos</th><td class="infobox-data">(edukasyong tersiyaryo): <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Edinburgh (hindi pa naisusulat)">University of Edinburgh</a> (medisina) <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (ordinaryong Batsilyer ng Sining)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kilala sa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Voyage of the Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Voyage of the Beagle</a> <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolution">evolution</a> by <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">karaniwang pinagmulan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Asawa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Emma Darwin</a> (1839–1896)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parangal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Medal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Royal Medal</a> (1853) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wollaston_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wollaston Medal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Wollaston Medal</a> (1859) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copley_Medal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Copley Medal (hindi pa naisusulat)">Copley Medal</a> (1864)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1971697">Karera sa agham</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Larangan</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Natural_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural history">Naturalista</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institusyon</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geological_Society_of_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geological Society of London (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geological Society of London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stevens_Henslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stevens Henslow (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Stevens Henslow</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Sedgwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Sedgwick (hindi pa naisusulat)">Adam Sedgwick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impluwensiya</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Naimpluwensiyahan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dalton_Hooker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker (hindi pa naisusulat)">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Romanes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Romanes (hindi pa naisusulat)">George Romanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Pirma</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt=""Charles Darwin", with the surname underlined by a downward curve that mimics the curve of the initial "C"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg/150px-Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg/225px-Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg/300px-Charles_Darwin_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="85" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks hlist" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em">Bahagi ng serye sa</td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">Biolohiyang ebolusyonaryo</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/220px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/330px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/440px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528" /></a></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Mga mahahalagang paksa</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Introduksiyon_sa_ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Introduksiyon sa ebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Introduksiyon sa ebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Karaniwang pinagmulan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebidensiya_ng_karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebidensiya ng karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ebidensiya ng karaniwang pinagmulan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Mga proseso at kinalalabasan</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henetikang_populasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Henetikang populasyon">Henetikang populasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibersidad_na_henetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dibersidad na henetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bariasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasyon" title="Mutasyon">Mutasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">Natural na seleksiyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">Pag-aangkop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimorpismo_(biolihiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimorpismo (biolihiya) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Polimorpismo (biolihiya)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pag-anod_na_henetiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pag-anod na henetiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pag-anod na henetiko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagdaloy_ng_gene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagdaloy ng gene (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagdaloy ng gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espesiasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Espesiasyon">Espesiasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiasyong_pag-aangkop" title="Radiasyong pag-aangkop">Radiasyong pag-aangkop</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakikipagtulungan_(ebolusyon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pakikipagtulungan (ebolusyon) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pakikipagtulungan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapwa_ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kapwa ebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kapwa ebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyong_diberhente" title="Ebolusyong diberhente">Diberhente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyong_konberhente" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebolusyong konberhente">Konberhente</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parallelong_ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parallelong ebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Parallelong ebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekstinksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekstinksiyon">Ekstinksiyon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Natural na kasaysayan</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiohenesis" title="Abiohenesis">Pinagmulan ng buhay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebolusyonaryong_kasaysayan_ng_buhay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebolusyonaryong kasaysayan ng buhay (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng buhay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linyang_panahong_ng_ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linyang panahong ng ebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Linyang panahong ng ebolusyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">Ebolusyon ng tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punong_pilohenetiko" title="Punong pilohenetiko">Piloheniya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodibersidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biodibersidad (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biodibersidad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioheograpiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioheograpiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bioheograpiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klasipikasyong_biolohiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klasipikasyong biolohiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">Klasipikasyon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksonomiyang_ebolusyonaryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taksonomiyang ebolusyonaryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Taksonomiyang ebolusyonaryo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kladistika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kladistika (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kladistika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_na_transisyonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil na transisyonal">Fossil na transisyonal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangyayaring_ekstinksiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangyayaring ekstinksiyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangyayaring ekstinksiyon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Kasaysayan ng teoriyang ebolusyonaryo</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_pag-iisip_na_ebolusyonaryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng pag-iisip na ebolusyonaryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Buod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linyang_panahon_ng_paleontolohiyay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linyang panahon ng paleontolohiyay (hindi pa naisusulat)">Linyang panahon ng paleontolohiyay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_paleontolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng paleontolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng paleontolohiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_ideas_of_the_Renaissance_and_Enlightenment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary ideas of the Renaissance and Enlightenment (hindi pa naisusulat)">Renaissance and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasyon_ng_espes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasyon ng espes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bago kay Darwin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_eclipse_of_Darwinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The eclipse of Darwinism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bago ang sintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernong_ebolusyonaryong_sintesis" title="Modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis">Modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_ebolusyong_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng ebolusyong molekular (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ebolusyong molekular</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_developmental_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary developmental biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evo-devo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasalukuyang pagsasaliksik</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Mga larangan at aplikasyon</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Applications_of_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Applications of evolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Applications of evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">Artificial selection</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biosocial_criminology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biosocial criminology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biosocial criminology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_genetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological genetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ecological genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_aesthetics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary aesthetics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_anthropology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary anthropology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_computation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary computation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary computation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_economics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary economics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary economics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary ethics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_game_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary game theory (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary game theory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_linguistics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary linguistics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary medicine (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_neuroscience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary neuroscience (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_physiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary physiology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_psychology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary psychology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Experimental_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Experimental evolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Experimental evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phylogenetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetics">Phylogenetics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systematics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systematics (hindi pa naisusulat)">Systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Universal_Darwinism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universal Darwinism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Universal Darwinism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left">Social implications</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolution_as_fact_and_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolution as fact and theory (hindi pa naisusulat)">Theory and fact</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_effect_of_evolutionary_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social effect of evolutionary theory (hindi pa naisusulat)">Social effect</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Creation–evolution controversy (hindi pa naisusulat)">Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Objections_to_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Objections to evolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Objections</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Level_of_support_for_evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Level of support for evolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Level of support</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><img alt="Kategorya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Evolutionary_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Evolutionary biology (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kategorya: Evolutionary biology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Index_of_evolutionary_biology_articles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Index of evolutionary biology articles (hindi pa naisusulat)">Related topics</a></li> <li><img alt="Book icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/16px-Office-book.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/24px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/32px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Book:Evolution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Book:Evolution (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evolution</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1843287">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-tingnan"><a href="/wiki/Padron:Evolutionary_biology" title="Padron:Evolutionary biology"><abbr title="Tingnan ang padron">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-usapan"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usapang_padron:Evolutionary_biology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usapang padron:Evolutionary biology (hindi pa naisusulat)"><abbr title="Pag-usapan ang padron">u</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-baguhin"><a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Padron:Evolutionary_biology&action=edit"><abbr title="Baguhin ang padron">b</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Si Charles Robert Darwin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society (hindi pa naisusulat)">FRS</a> (12 Pebrero 1809 – 19 Abril 1882) ay isang <a href="/wiki/Ingles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingles">Ingles</a> na <a href="/wiki/Naturalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalista">naturalista</a>.<a href="#endnote_Anone">[I]</a> Kanyang pinatunayan na ang lahat ng mga <a href="/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye">espesye</a> ng buhay ay nagmula sa loob ng maraming panahon mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_mga_ninuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang mga ninuno (hindi pa naisusulat)">karaniwang mga ninuno</a>,<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> at nagmungkahi ng <a href="/wiki/Teoriyang_siyentipiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoriyang siyentipiko">teoriyang siyentipiko</a> na ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phylohenetika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phylohenetika (hindi pa naisusulat)">sumasangay na paterno</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a> ay nagresulta mula sa isang prosesong tinatawag na <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Larson79-111-2">[2]</a> Inilimbag ni Darwin ang kanyang teoriya na may nakapipilit na ebidensiya para sa ebolusyon sa kanyang 1859 na aklat na <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a>(Tungkol sa Pinagmulan ng Espesye) na nanaig sa siyentipikong pagtakwil ng mas naunang mga konsepto ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasyon_ng_mga_espesye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasyon ng mga espesye (hindi pa naisusulat)">transmutasyon ng mga espesye</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Nang mga 1870, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamayanang_siyentipiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamayanang siyentipiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">pamayanang siyentipiko</a> at karamihan sa pangkahalatang publiko ay tumanggap sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebolusyon_bilang_isang_teoriya_at_katotohanan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebolusyon bilang isang teoriya at katotohanan (hindi pa naisusulat)">ebolusyon bilang isang katotohan</a>. Gayunpaman, marami ang pumabor sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ang_eklipse_ng_darwinismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ang eklipse ng darwinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">magkakalabang mga paliwanag</a> at hanggang sa paglitaw lamang ng <a href="/wiki/Modernong_ebolusyonaryong_sintesis" title="Modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis">modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis</a> mula 1930 hanggang 1950 nang ang isang malawak na kasunduan ay nabuo kung saan ang <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> ang basiko o saligang mekanismo ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-b3847-6">[6]</a> Sa binagong anyo, ang pagkakatuklas siyentipiko ni Darwin ang nagsasamang teoriya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_agham_ng_buhay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga agham ng buhay (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga agham ng buhay</a> na nagpapaliwanag sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biodibersidad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biodibersidad (hindi pa naisusulat)">dibersidad ng buhay</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Ang simulang interes ni Darwin sa kalikasan ang tumulak sa kanya upang iwananan ang kanyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medikal_na_edukasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medikal na edukasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">medikal na edukasyon</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Edinburgh" title="Unibersidad ng Edinburgh">Unibersidad ng Edinburgh</a>; bagkus siya ay tumulong upang imbestigahan ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marinong_inbertebrato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marinong inbertebrato (hindi pa naisusulat)">marinong inbertebrato</a>. Ang mga pag-aaral sa Unibersidad ng Cambridge ang humikayat sa kanyang pasyon para sa <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_agham" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na agham">natural na agham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-whowas-9">[9]</a> Ang kanyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikalawang_paglalakbay_sa_HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikalawang paglalakbay sa HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">limang taong paglalakbay</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">HMS Beagle</a> ang nagtayo sa kanya bilang isang bantog na <a href="/wiki/Heolohista" class="mw-redirect" title="Heolohista">heolohista</a> na ang mga obserbasyon at teoriya ay sumuporta sa mga ideyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unipormitaryano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unipormitaryano (hindi pa naisusulat)">unipormitaryano</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> at ang publikasyon ng kanyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ang_Paglalakbay_sa_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ang Paglalakbay sa Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">hornal sa paglalakbay</a> ay nagpasikat sa kanya bilang isang manunulat.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Bilang palaisipan sa heograpikal na distribusyon ng mga hayop sa kaparangan (wildlife) at mga <a href="/wiki/Fossil" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil">fossil</a> na kanyang tinipon sa paglalakbay, sinimulan ni Darwin ang detalyadong mga imbestigasyon at noong 1838 ay binuo ang kanyang teoriya ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>. <a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Bagaman kanyang tinalakay ang kanyang mga ideya sa ibang mga naturalista, siya ay nangailangan ng panahon para sa masidhing pagsasalisik at ang kanyang kanyang gawang heolohikal ang may prioridad.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Kanyang sinusulat ang kanyang teoriya noong 1858 nang si <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> ay nagpadala sa kanya ng <a href="/wiki/Sanaysay" title="Sanaysay">sanaysay</a> na naglalarawan ng parehong ieya na tumulak sa mabilis na magkasamang publikasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties;_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of_Varieties_and_Species_by_Natural_Means_of_Selection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (hindi pa naisusulat)">kanilang parehong mga teoriya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Beddall1968-13">[13]</a> Ang akda ni Darwin ang naglatag ng ebolusyonaryong pinagmulan na may pagbabago bilang nananaig na siyentipikong paliwanag ng dibersipikasyon sa kalikasan.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a> Noong 1871, kanyang siniyasat ang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">ebolusyon ng tao</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Seksuwal_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Seksuwal na seleksiyon">seksuwal na seleksiyon</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Descent_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Descent of Man (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex</a> na sinundan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Expression_of_the_Emotions_in_Man_and_Animals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals</a>. Ang kanyang pagsasaliksik sa mga halaman ay inilimbag sa isang serye ng mga aklat at sa kanyang huling aklat, kanyang siniyasat ang mga <a href="/wiki/Bulate" class="mw-disambig" title="Bulate">bulate</a> at ang mga epekto nito sa lupa.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Bilang pagkilala sa katanyagan ni Darwin bilang isang siyentipiko, siya ay pinarangalan ng isang malaking seremonyal na puneral sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Abbey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westminster Abbey (hindi pa naisusulat)">Westminster Abbey</a> kung saan siya inilibing malapit kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DarwinsBurial-15">[15]</a> Si Darwin ay inilarawan bilang isa sa pinakamaimpluwensiya (most influential) na pigura sa kasaysayan ng sangkatauhan.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Talambuhay">Talambuhay</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Talambuhay" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Talambuhay">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kabataan_at_edukasyon">Kabataan at edukasyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kabataan at edukasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Kabataan at edukasyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> Si Charles Robert Darwin ay ipinanganak sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrewsbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shrewsbury (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shrewsbury</a>, Shropshire, <a href="/wiki/Inglatera" title="Inglatera">Inglatera</a> noong 12 Pebrero 1809 sa tahanan ng kanyang pamilya na <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Mount,_Shrewsbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Mount, Shrewsbury (hindi pa naisusulat)">the Mount</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Siya ang ikalima sa anima na anak ng mayamang lipunang doktor at tagapondong si <a href="/wiki/Robert_Darwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Darwin">Robert Darwin</a> at ng kanyang inang si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susannah_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susannah Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Susannah Darwin</a> (née Wedgwood). Siya ay apo ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Erasmus Darwin</a> sa panig ng ama at ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Wedgwood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Wedgwood (hindi pa naisusulat)">Josiah Wedgwood</a> sa panig ng ina. Ang kanyang parehong pamilya ay mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unitarian</a> bagaman ang mga Wedgwoods ay tumatanggap sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglikasnismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anglikasnismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anglikasnismo</a>. Si Robert Darwin na mismong isang tahimik na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayang_taga-isip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayang taga-isip (hindi pa naisusulat)">malayang taga-isip</a> (freethinker) ay pinabautismuhan ang sanggol na si Charles sa isang simbahang Anglikano ngunit si Charles at ang kanyang mga kapatid ay dumalo sa isang kapilyang Unitarian kasama ng kanilang ina. Ang walong taong gulang na si Charles ay mayroon ng kagustuhan sa natural na kasaysayan at kumukolekta nang siya ay dumalo sa paaralang pang-araw na pinatatakbo ng kanyang mangangaral noong 1817. Noong Hulyong iyon, ang kanyang ina ay namatay. Mula Setyembre 1818, kanyang sinamahan ang kanyang matandang kapatid na lalakeng si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_Alvey_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus Alvey Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Erasmus</a> na dumadalo sa malipat na Anglikanong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrewsbury_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shrewsbury School (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shrewsbury School</a> bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boarding_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boarding school (hindi pa naisusulat)">boarder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-skool-19">[19]</a> Ginugol ni Darwin ang tag-init nang 1825 bilang aprentis na doktor na tumutulong sa kanyang ama na gumamot ng mahihirap ng Shropshire bago pumasok sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School (hindi pa naisusulat)">University of Edinburgh Medical School</a> kasama ng kanyang kapatid na si Erasmus noong Oktubre 1825. Kanyang natagpuang ang mga aralin na mapurol at ang <a href="/wiki/Siruhiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Siruhiya">siruhiya</a> ay nakababalisa kaya kanyang tinalikuran ang kanyang mga pag-aaral. Kanyang pinag-aralan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taksidermiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taksidermiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">taksidermiya</a> mula kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edmonstone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edmonstone (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Edmonstone</a> na isang pinalayang itim na <a href="/wiki/Alipin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipin">alipin</a> na sumama kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Waterton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Waterton (hindi pa naisusulat)">Charles Waterton</a> sa kagubatan ng <a href="/wiki/Timog_Amerika" title="Timog Amerika">Timog Amerika</a> at kadalasang umuupo kasama ng "napaka kaaya aya at matalinong lalake".<a href="#cite_note-eddy-20">[20]</a> Sa ikalawang taon ni Darwin, siya ay sumali sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipunang_Plinian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipunang Plinian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Lipunang Plinian</a> na isang pangkat na pang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_na_kasaysyan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural na kasaysyan (hindi pa naisusulat)">natural na kasaysyan</a> ng mga estudyante na ang mga debate ay lumihis sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radikalismo_(historikal)radikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radikalismo (historikal)radikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">radikalismo (historikal)radikal</a> na <a href="/wiki/Materialismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Materialismo">materialismo</a>. Kanyang tinulungan si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edmond_Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Edmond Grant (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robert Edmond Grant</a> sa mga imbestigason nito sa <a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">anatomiya</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Siklo_ng_buhay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siklo ng buhay (hindi pa naisusulat)">siklo ng buhay</a> ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marinong_inberterbrato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marinong inberterbrato (hindi pa naisusulat)">marinong inberterbrato</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Forth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firth of Forth (hindi pa naisusulat)">Firth of Forth</a> at noong 27 Marso 1827 ay ipinrisinta sa Plinian ang kanyang sariling pagkakatuklas na ang mga itim na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spore (hindi pa naisusulat)">spore</a> na matatagpuan sa mga <a href="/wiki/Kabibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabibi">kabibi</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Talaba" title="Talaba">talaba</a> ay mga itlog ng <a href="/wiki/Linta" title="Linta">lintang</a> skate. Isang araw, pinuri ni Grant ang mga <a href="/wiki/Lamarckismo" title="Lamarckismo">ebolusyonaryong ideya</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</a>. Namangha si Darwin ngunit kamakailan ay nabasa ang parehong mga ideya ng kanyang lolong si Erasmus at nanatiling walang pakielam.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Si Darwin ay bagkus nabagot sa kursong natural na kasaysayan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Jameson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Jameson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robert Jameson</a> na sumasakop sa heolohiya kabilang ang debate sa pagitan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neptunismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neptunismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Neptunismo</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plutonismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plutonismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Plutonismo</a>. Kanyang pinag-aralan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_taksonomiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha taksonomiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">klasipikasyon</a> ng mga halaman at tumulong sa trabaho sa mga koleksiyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">University Museum</a> na isa sa pinakamalaking mga museo ng Europa sa panahong ito.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Ang pagtalikod sa mga medikal na pag-aaral na ito ay uminis sa kanyang ama na tusong nagpadala sa kanya sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christ%27s_College,_Cambridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christ's College, Cambridge (hindi pa naisusulat)">Christ's College, Cambridge</a> para sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batsilyer_ng_Sining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batsilyer ng Sining (hindi pa naisusulat)">Batsilyer ng Sining</a> bilang unang hakbang tungo sa pagiging Anglikanong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parson (hindi pa naisusulat)">parson</a>. Dahil si Darwin ay hindi kwalipikado para sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tripos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tripos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tripos</a>, kanyang sinalihan ang ordinaryong digring kuro noong Enero 1828.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Mas pinili niya ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekwestrianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekwestrianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagsakay</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagbabaril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagbabaril (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagbabaril</a> kesa sa pag-aaral. Ang kanyang pinasan si <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Darwin_Fox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Darwin Fox (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Darwin Fox</a> ay ipinakilala siya sa isang sikat na kinahuhumalingang pagkolekta ng mga <a href="/wiki/Salagubang" title="Salagubang">salagubang</a> na masigasig na pinursigi ni Darwin na inilimbag ang ilan sa kanyang mga natuklasan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Francis_Stephens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Francis Stephens (hindi pa naisusulat)">Stevens'</a> Illustrations of British entomology. Siya ay naging isang malapit na kaibigan at tagasunod ng propesor ng <a href="/wiki/Botaniya" class="mw-redirect" title="Botaniya">botaniya</a> na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stevens_Henslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stevens Henslow (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Stevens Henslow</a> at nakilala ang iba pang mga pangunahing naturalista na nakitang ang gawaing siyentipiko bilang relihiyosong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_na_teolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural na teolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">natural na teolohiya</a> at nakilala sa mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_don&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University don (hindi pa naisusulat)">don</a> bilang "ang lalakeng lumakad kasama ni Henslow". Nang malapit na ang kanyang mga eksaminasyon, si Darwin ay tumutok sa kanyang mga pag-aaral at nasiyahan sa wika at lohika ng mga Ebidensiya ng <a href="/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo">Kristiyanismo</a> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Paley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Paley (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Paley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dar57-24">[24]</a> Sa kanyang huling eksaminasyon noong Enero 1831, mahusay niyang naisagawa ito na lumabas na ikasampu sa mga 178 na kandidato para sa ordinaryong digri.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Si Darwin ay kailangang manatili sa Cambridge hanggang Hunyo. Kanyang pinag-aralan ang Natural na Teolohiya ni Paley na gumawa ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teolohikal_na_argumento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teolohikal na argumento (hindi pa naisusulat)">argumento para sa disenyo ng diyos sa kalikasan</a> na nagpapaliwanag na ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adaptasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adaptasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">adaptasyon</a> bilang ang <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na kumikilos sa pamamagitan ng mga batas ng kalikasan.<a href="#cite_note-syd5-7-26">[26]</a> Kanyang binasa ang bagong aklat ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a> na naglalarawan ng pinakamataas na layunin ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_na_pilosopiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural na pilosopiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">natural na pilosopiya</a> bilang pag-unawa sa mga batas sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Induktibong_pangangatwiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Induktibong pangangatwiran (hindi pa naisusulat)">induktibong pangangatwiran</a> batay sa obserbasyon at ang Sariling Salaysay ni <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander von Humboldt</a> ng mga siyentipikong paglalakbay. Sa kanyang pagkapukaw "na may isang nagniningas na kasigasigan" na mag-ambag, si Darwin ay nagplanong bumisita sa <a href="/wiki/Tenerife" title="Tenerife">Tenerife</a> kasama ng ilang mga kaklase pagkatapos ng pagtatapos sa paaralan upang pag-aaralan ang natural na kasaysayan sa mga <a href="/wiki/Tropiko" title="Tropiko">tropiko</a>. Bilang paghahanda, siya ay sumali sa kursong heolohiya ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Sedgwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Sedgwick (hindi pa naisusulat)">Adam Sedgwick</a> at pagkatapos ay sumama dito noong tag-init para sa isang dalawang linggo sa mapang strata sa <a href="/wiki/Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales">Wales</a>.<a href="#cite_note-db-27">[27]</a> Pagkatapos ng isang linggo kasama ng mga kaibigang kaklase sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barmouth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barmouth (hindi pa naisusulat)">Barmouth</a>, siya ay umuwi sa bahay na natagpuan ang isang liham mula kay Henslow na nagmumungkahi kay Darwin bilang isang angko (kung hindi pa natatapos) na maginoong naturalista para sa iasng pinondohan ng sariling lugar kasama ng kapitang si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_FitzRoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert FitzRoy (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robert FitzRoy</a> na higit bilang isang kasama kesa isa lamang kolekto sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">HMS Beagle</a> na aalis na sa loob ng apat na linggo sa isang paglalakbay upang ibalangkas ang dalampasigan ng <a href="/wiki/Timog_Amerika" title="Timog Amerika">Timog Amerika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Tumutol ang ama ni Darwin sa planong dalawang taong paglalakbay na itinuturing itong isang aksaya ng panahon ngunit hinikayat ng bayaw ng kanyang ama na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Wedgwood_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Wedgwood II (hindi pa naisusulat)">Josiah Wedgwood</a> upang pumayag sa pagsali ng kanyang anak.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paglalakbay_sa_Beagle">Paglalakbay sa Beagle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paglalakbay sa Beagle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Paglalakbay sa Beagle">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Para sa mas marami pang mga detalye hinggil sa paksang ito, tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikalawang_paglalakbay_sa_HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikalawang paglalakbay sa HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikalawang paglalakbay sa HMS Beagle</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Route from Plymouth, England, south to Cape Verde then southwest across the Atlantic to Bahia, Brazil, south to Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, the Falkland Islands, round the tip of South America then north to Valparaiso and Callao. Northwest to the Galapagos Islands before sailing west across the Pacific to New Zealand, Sydney, Hobart in Tasmania, and King George's Sound in Western Australia. Northwest to the Keeling Islands, southwest to Mauritius and Cape Town, then northwest to Bahia and northeast back to Plymouth." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/400px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/600px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg/800px-Voyage_of_the_Beagle-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Ang paglalakbay ng Beagle</figcaption></figure> Nagsimula noong 27 Disyembre 1831, ang paglalakbay ay tumagal nang halos limang taon at gaya nang pakay ni Fitzroy, ginugol ni Darwin ang karamihan ng kanyang panahon sa lupa na umiimbestiga sa heolohiya at gumawa ng mga koleksiyon ng natural na kasaysayan habang ang Beagle ay nagsiyasat at nagbalangkas ng mga dalampasigan.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-kix-30">[30]</a> Kanyang maingat na itinago ang mga akda ng kanyang mga obserbasyon at teoretikal na spekulasyon at sa mga pagitan habang nangyayari ang paglalakbay, ang kanyang mga specimen ay ipinadala sa Cambridge kasama ng kanyang mga liham kabilang ang isang kopya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Voyage of the Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">kanyang hornal</a> para sa kanyang pamilya.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Siya ay may ilang kadalubhasaan sa heolohiya, pagkolekta ng <a href="/wiki/Salagubang" title="Salagubang">salagubang</a> at pagdidisekta ng mga marinong inbertebrato ngunit ibang mga paksa ay isang baguhan at may kakayahang magkolekta ng mga specimen para sa pagsisiyasat ng mga dalubhasa.<a href="#cite_note-fnGal-32">[32]</a> Sa kabila ng masamang pagdurusa mula sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakit_sa_dagat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakit sa dagat (hindi pa naisusulat)">sakit sa dagat</a>, si Darwin ay sumulat ng saganang mga akda habang nasa barko. Ang karamihan sa mga akda ng <a href="/wiki/Zoolohiya" title="Zoolohiya">zoolohiya</a> tungkol sa mga marinong inbertebrato simula sa <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> na kanyang kinolekta sa isang kalmadong pagpapahinga.<a href="#cite_note-kix-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-plankton-33">[33]</a> Sa kanilang unang paghinto sa dalampasigan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiago,_Cape_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiago, Cape Verde (hindi pa naisusulat)">St. Jago</a>, natuklasan ni Darwin na ang isang puting bandang mataas sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batong_pangbulkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batong pangbulkan (hindi pa naisusulat)">batong pangbulkan</a> mga <a href="/wiki/Talampas" title="Talampas">talampas</a> ay kinabibilangan ng mga kabibi. Siya ay binigyan in Fitzroy ng unang bolyum ng Principles of Geology ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> na naglatag ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unipormitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unipormitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">unipormitarianong</a> mga konsepto ng lupa na mabagal na umaahon o bumababa sa loob mahabang mga panahon,<a href="#endnote_Bnone">[II]</a> at nakita ni Darwin ang mga bagay sa paraan ni Lyell na nagteteorisa at nag-iisip na sumulat ng aklat sa heolohiya.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Si Darwin ay nalugod sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_kagubatang_dalampasigan_ng_Bahia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga kagubatang dalampasigan ng Bahia (hindi pa naisusulat)">kagubatang tropikal</a> sa Brazil <a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> ngunit namuhi sa kanyang nakitang <a href="/wiki/Pang-aalipin" title="Pang-aalipin">pang-aalipin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Alta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Alta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Punta Alta</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patagonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patagonia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Patagonia</a>, siya ay nakagawa ng isang malaking pagkakatuklas ng mga buto na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fossill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fossill (hindi pa naisusulat)">fossill</a> ng isang malaking hindi na umiiral (ekstinto) na <a href="/wiki/Mamalya" title="Mamalya">mamalya</a> sa mga talampas sa tabi ng modernong mga kabibi na nagpapakita ng kamakailang <a href="/wiki/Ekstinksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekstinksiyon">ekstinksiyon</a> na walang mga tanda ng pagbabago sa klima o katastropiya. Kanyang natukoy ang hindi kilalang <a href="/wiki/Megatherium" title="Megatherium">Megatherium</a> sa pamamagitan ng isang ngipin at sa kaugnayan nito sa mabutong <a href="/wiki/Kalasag" title="Kalasag">kalasag</a> na mayroon sa simula para sa kanya ay tila isang tulad na higanteng bersiyon ng kalasag ng lokal na mga <a href="/wiki/Armadillo" title="Armadillo">armadillo</a>. Ang mga pagkakatuklas na ito ay nagdala ng dakilang interest nang sila ay tumuntong sa Inglatera.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-k206-38">[38]</a> Sa kanyang mga pagsakay kasama ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaucho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaucho (hindi pa naisusulat)">gaucho</a> sa looban upang galugarin ang heolohiya at kumolekta ng maraming mga fossil, siya ay nagtamo ng panlipunan, pampolitika at <a href="/wiki/Antropolohikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Antropolohikal">antropolohikal</a> na kabatiran sa parehong katutubo at mananakop na mga tao sa panahon ng himagsikan at nalamang ang dalawang mga uri ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhea_(ibon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhea (ibon) (hindi pa naisusulat)">rhea</a> ay may magkahiwalay ngunit magkasanib na mga teritoryo.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Sa lagpas pa sa timog, kanyang nakita ang mga hinakbangang kapatagan ng shingle at mga kabibe bilang tumaas na mga tabing dagat nagpapakita ng isang serye ng mga elebasyon. Kanyang binasa ang ikalawang bolyun ni Lyell at tinaggap ang pananaw nito ng mga "sentro ng pagkakalikha" ng mga espesye ngunit ang kanyang mga pagkakatuklas at pagteteorisa ang humamon sa mga ideya ni Lyell ng makinis na pagpapatuloy at ekstinksiyon ng mga espesye.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-HurrahChiloe-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="On a sea inlet surrounded by steep hills, with high snow covered mountains in the distance, someone standing in an open canoe waves at a square-rigged sailing ship, seen from the front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg/220px-HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg/330px-HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg/440px-HMS_Beagle_by_Conrad_Martens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>As <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">HMS Beagle</a> surveyed the coasts of South America, Darwin theorised about geology and extinction of giant mammals.</figcaption></figure> Ang tatlong mga Fuegian sa barko na sinunggaban sa unang paglalakbay ng Beagle at gumugol ng isang tao sa Inglatera ay muling ibinalik sa <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a> bilang mga misyonaryo. Natuklasan ni Darwin ang mga ito na palakaibigan at sibilisado ngunit ang mga kamag-anak nito ay tila "miserable, mababang mga hindi maamo", na iba tulad ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ligaw_na_hayop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ligaw na hayop (hindi pa naisusulat)">ligaw na hayop</a> mula sa mga <a href="/wiki/Domestikadong_hayop" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestikadong hayop">domestikadong hayop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Para kay Darwin, ang pagkakaiba ay nagpapakita ng kultural na mga pagsulong at hindi ang inperioridad o pagiging mababa ng lahi. Hindi tulad ng kanyang mga kaibigan siyentipiko, kanya ngayong iniisip na walang hindi matutulay na pagitan sa pagitan ng mga tao at hayop.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Sa paglipas ng isang tao, ang misyon ay tinalikuran. Ang Fuegian na kanilang pinangalanang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemmy_Button&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemmy Button (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jemmy Button</a> ay namuhay na tulad ng ibang mga katutubo, may asawa at walang pagnanais na bumalik sa Inglatera.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Si Darwin ay nakaranas ng <a href="/wiki/Lindol" title="Lindol">lindol</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> at nakita ang mga tanda na ang lupa ay umahon kabilang ang mga kama ng <a href="/wiki/Tulya" title="Tulya">tulya</a> na nadala sa taas ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataas_na_alon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataas na alon (hindi pa naisusulat)">mataas na alon</a>. Sa taas ng <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>, kanyang nakita ang mga kabibe at ilang mga puno ng fossil na lumaki sa buhangin ng tabing dagat. Kanyang tineorisa na habang ang lupa ay umaahon, ang mga karagatang isla ay nalunod at ang <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> sa palibot nito ay lumabi upang bumuo ng mga <a href="/wiki/Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoll">atoll</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-atolls-47">[47]</a> Sa heolohikal na bagong <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a>, naghanap si Darwin ng ebidensiya na nagkakabit sa mga hayop sa kaparangan (wildlife) sa mas matandang "sentro ng pagkakalikha" at natagpuan ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mockingbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Mockingbird">mockingbird</a> na kaugnay ng nasa <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> ngunit iba mula isla hanggang isla. Kanyang narinig ang kaunting pagkakaiba sa hugis ng mga shell ng mga <a href="/wiki/Pawikan" title="Pawikan">pawikan</a> ay nagpapakitang kung aling isla ang mga ito nanggaling ngunit nabigong kolektahin ang mga ito kahit pa pagkatapos kainin ang mga pawikan na dinala sa barko bilang pagkain.<a href="#cite_note-k356-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Sa Australia, ang <a href="/wiki/Marsupial" class="mw-redirect" title="Marsupial">marsupial</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potoridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potoridae (hindi pa naisusulat)">dagang-kangaroo</a> at ang <a href="/wiki/Platypus" title="Platypus">platypus</a> ay tila labis na hindi karaniwan na inakala ni Darwin na halos tila may dalawang natatanging mga Manlilikha ang gumagawa.<a href="#cite_note-Crows-50">[50]</a> Kanyang natagpuan ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indigenous_Australians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indigenous Australians (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aborigine</a> "na may mabuting kasiyahan at kaaya aya" at kanyang napansin ang kanilang paglaho sa pamamagitan ng pagtira ng mga Europeo.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Inimbestigahan ng Beagle kung paanong ang mga <a href="/wiki/Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoll">atoll</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a> ay nabuo at ang survey ay sumuporta sa pagteteorisa ni Darwin.<a href="#cite_note-atolls-47">[47]</a> Si FitzRoy ay nagsimulang sumulat ng opisyal na "Salaysay" ng mga paglalakbay ng Beagle at pagkatapos na basahin ang diary ni Darwin, kanyang iminungkahi na isama ito sa kanyang salaysay.<a href="#cite_note-Letter301-52">[52]</a> Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Voyage_of_the_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Voyage of the Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hornal</a> ni Darwin ay kalaunang muling isinulat bilang hiwalang na ikatlong bolyum sa natural na kasaysayan.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Sa <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>, nakipagkita sina Darwin at FitzRoy kay <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a>, na kamakailang sumulat kay Lyell na pumpuri sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unipormitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unipormitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">unipormitarianismo</a> bilang nagbubukas na matapang na spekulasyon sa "misteryo ng mga misteryo, na pagpapalit ng mga espesye ng iba" bilang "isang natural na kontradistinksiyon sa isang milagrosong proseso".<a href="#cite_note-Rascals-54">[54]</a> Sa kanyang pagsasaayos ng kanyang mga akda habang ang barko ay naglalakbay papauwi, si Darwin ay sumulat na kung ang kanyang lumalaking suspisyon tungkol sa mga mockingbird, pawikan at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falkland_Islands_Wolf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falkland Islands Wolf (hindi pa naisusulat)">Falkland Islands Fox</a> ay tama, "ang gayong mga katotohanan ay nagpapahina sa pagiging matatag ng Species" (such facts undermine the stability of Species) at pagkatapos ay maingat na idinagdag ang "would" bago ang "undermine".<a href="#cite_note-xix-55">[55]</a> Kanyang kalaunang isinulat na ang gayong mga katotohanan ay "tila para sa akin magbibigay ng ilang linaw sa pinagmulan ng espesye".<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkakabuo_ng_teoriyang_ebolusyonaryo_ni_Darwin">Pagkakabuo ng teoriyang ebolusyonaryo ni Darwin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakabuo ng teoriyang ebolusyonaryo ni Darwin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkakabuo ng teoriyang ebolusyonaryo ni Darwin">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three quarter length portrait of Darwin aged about 30, with straight brown hair receding from his high forehead and long side-whiskers, smiling quietly, in wide lapelled jacket, waistcoat and high collar with cravat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/170px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/255px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg/340px-Charles_Darwin_by_G._Richmond.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="2811" /></a><figcaption>Habang isang kabataan, si Darwin ay sumali sa elitistang siyentipiko.</figcaption></figure> Nang tumuntong ang Beagle sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Falmouth,_Cornwall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Falmouth, Cornwall (hindi pa naisusulat)">Falmouth, Cornwall</a> noong 2 Oktubre 1836, si Darwin ay isang ng selebridad sa mga palibot na siyentipiko dahil noong Disyembre 1835, pinalakas ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stevens_Henslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stevens Henslow (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henslow</a> ang reputasyon ng kanyang dating estadyante sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay sa mga napiling naturalista ng isang pampleto ng mga liham ni Darwin. h<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Binisita ni Darwin ang kanyang bahay sa Shrewsbury at nakita ang mga kamag-anak at pagkatapos ay mabilis na tumungo sa Cambridge upang makita si Henslow na nagpayo sa paghahanap ng mga pwedeng naturalista upang ikatalogo ang mga koleksiyon at umayon na kunin ang mga botanikal na specimen. Ang ama ni Darwin ay nangsiwa ng mga pamumuhunan na pumayag sa kanyang anak na maging isang pinopondohan ang sariling isang maginoong siyentipiko at ang isang nanabik na Dawin ay nagtungo sa mga institusyon sa London na binigyan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fete&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fete (hindi pa naisusulat)">fete</a> at naghanap ng mga eskeprto upang ilarawan ang mga koleksiyon. Ang mga zoolohista ay may malaking nakapatong na gawain at may panganib na ang mga specimen ay maiwan lamang sa taguan.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Sabik na nakipagkita si <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Charles Lyell</a> kay Darwin sa unang beses noong Oktubre 29 at sandali nito ay ipinakilala siya sa isang pasulong na anatomistang si <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a> na may mga pasilidad sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal College of Surgeons of England (hindi pa naisusulat)">Royal College of Surgeons</a> upang gumawa sa mga butong fossil na kinolekta ni Darwin. Ang nakasusupresang mga resulta ni Owen ay kinabibilangan ng ibang malaking ekstintong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ground_sloth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ground sloth (hindi pa naisusulat)">ground sloth</a> gayundin ng <a href="/wiki/Megatherium" title="Megatherium">Megatherium</a>, isang halos kompletong kalansay ng hindi kilalang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scelidotherium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scelidotherium (hindi pa naisusulat)">Scelidotherium</a> at isang may sukat ng <a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippopotamus">hippopotamus</a>-at may sukat ng rodent na bungong tinawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toxodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toxodon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Toxodon</a> na kamukha ng isang higanteng <a href="/wiki/Capybara" class="mw-redirect" title="Capybara">capybara</a>. ang mga pragmento ng kalasag ay nagmula sa <a href="/wiki/Glyptodon" title="Glyptodon">Glyptodon</a> na isang tulad ng malaking armadillong hayop gaya ng unang akala ni Darwin.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-k206-38">[38]</a> Ang mga ekstintong hayop na ito ay nauugnay sa mga buhay na espesye sa <a href="/wiki/Timog_Amerika" title="Timog Amerika">Timog Amerika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Nang kalagitnaan ng Disyembre, si Darwin ay kumuha ng pagtuloy sa Cambridge upang mangasiwa ng paggawa sa kanyang mga koleksiyon at muling isulat ang kanyang hornal.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Kanyang isinulat ang kanyang unang papel na nagpapakitang ang masa ng lupa ng Timog Amerika ay mabagal na umaahon at sa sabik na pagsuporta ni Lyell ay binasa ito sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geological_Society_of_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geological Society of London (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geological Society of London</a> noong 4 Enero 1837. Sa parehong araw, kanyang iprinisinta ang kanyang mga specimen ng mamalya at ibon sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoological_Society_of_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoological Society of London (hindi pa naisusulat)">Zoological Society</a>. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ornitolohista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ornitolohista (hindi pa naisusulat)">ornitolohistang</a> si <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Gould&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Gould (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Gould</a> ay sandaling naghayag na ang mga ibon ng Galapagos na inakala ni Darwin na paghahalo ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Blackbird&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Blackbird (hindi pa naisusulat)">blackbirds</a>, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Grosbeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grosbeak (hindi pa naisusulat)">gros-beaks</a>" at mga <a href="/wiki/Finch" class="mw-redirect" title="Finch">finch</a> ay katunayan labindalawang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin%27s_finches&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin's finches (hindi pa naisusulat)">magkakahiwalay na mga espesye ng finch</a>. Noong Pebrero 17, si Darwin ay inihalala sa Konseho ng Geological Society at ang pagtatalumpati ni Lyell ay nagprisinta ng mga pagkakatuklas ni Owen sa mga fossil ni Darwin na nagbibigay diin sa heograpikal na pagpatuloy ng espesye na sumusuporta sa kanyang mga ideyang unipormitaryan.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Sa simula nang Marso, si Darwin ay lumipat sa London upang maging malapit sa kanyang trabaho na sumama sa palibot na kakilalang mga siyentipiko ni Lyell at mga eskpertong gaya ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> na naglarawan sa <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> bilang tagaprograma ng mga batas. Si Darwin ay nanatili sa kanyang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayang_taga-isip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayang taga-isip (hindi pa naisusulat)">malayang taga-isip</a> na kapatid na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erasmus_Alvey_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erasmus Alvey Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Erasmus</a>, bahagi ng palibot ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Whig_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Whig Party (hindi pa naisusulat)">Whig</a> na ito at malapit na kabigan ng manunulat na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Martineau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Martineau (hindi pa naisusulat)">Harriet Martineau</a> na nagtaguyod ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malthusianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malthusianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Malthusianismo</a> na pinagsasaligan ng kontrobersiyal na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poor_Law_Amendment_Act_1834&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga repromang Batas ng Mahira</a> upang pigilan ang <a href="/wiki/Welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare">welfare</a> na magsanhi ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oberpopulasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oberpopulasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">oberpopulasyon</a> at karagdagang kahirapan. Bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unitarian</a>, kanyang tinanggap ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radikalismo_(historikal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radikalismo (historikal) (hindi pa naisusulat)">radikal</a> na mga implikasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasyon_ng_espesye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasyon ng espesye (hindi pa naisusulat)">transmutasyon ng espesye</a> na itinaguyod ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Edmond_Grant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Edmond Grant (hindi pa naisusulat)">Grant</a> at mas batang mga siruhano na naimpluwensiyahan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89tienne_Geoffroy_Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geoffroy</a>. Ang <a href="/wiki/Transmutasyon" class="mw-disambig" title="Transmutasyon">transmutasyon</a> ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anathema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anathema (hindi pa naisusulat)">anathema</a> sa mga Anglikano na nagtatanggol sa kaayusang panlipunan <a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> ngunit ang mga kilalang siyentipiko ay bukas na tumalakay sa paksa at may malawak na interest sa liham ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a> na pumupuri sa pakikitungo ni Lyell bilang paraan upang mahanap ang isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pisikal_na_batas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pisikal na batas (hindi pa naisusulat)">natural na sanhi</a> ng pinagmula ng espesye.<a href="#cite_note-Rascals-54">[54]</a> Nakipagkita si Gould kay Darwin at sinabi sa kanya na ang mga <a href="/wiki/Mockingbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Mockingbird">mockingbird</a> ng Galápagos <a href="/wiki/Mockingbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Mockingbird">mockingbird</a> mula sa iba't ibang mga isla ay magkakahiwalay na espesye at hindi lamang mga pagkakaiba at ang inakala ni Darwin na "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wren (hindi pa naisusulat)">wren</a>" ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warbler_Finch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warbler Finch (hindi pa naisusulat)">nasa pangkat finch</a> rin. Hindi binigyan ni Darwin ng tatak ang mga finch ayon sa isla ngunit ayon sa mga akda ng iba sa Beagle, kabilang si Fitzroy, siya ay naglaan ng mga espesye sa mga isla .<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Ang dalawang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhea_(ibon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhea (ibon) (hindi pa naisusulat)">rhea</a> ay mga natatangi ring espesye at noong Marso 14, inanunsiyon ni Darwin kung paanong ang distribusyon ng mga ito ay nagbago tungko sa timog.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Darwin_tree.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A page of hand-written notes, with a sketch of branching lines." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Darwin_tree.png/220px-Darwin_tree.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="374" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Darwin_tree.png/330px-Darwin_tree.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Darwin_tree.png/440px-Darwin_tree.png 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption>Nang kalagitnaan ng Hulyo 1837, sinimlan ni Dawin sa kanyang notebook na "B" ang tungkol sa "Transmutasyon ng Espesye" at sa pahina 36 ay sumulat na "I think" sa itaas ng kanyang unang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puno_ng_buhay_(agham)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puno ng buhay (agham) (hindi pa naisusulat)">ebolusyonaryong puno</a>.</figcaption></figure> Sa kalagitnaan ng Marso, si Darwin ay naghinuha sa kanyang Red Notebook sa posibilidad na "ang isang espesye ay nagbabago sa iba" upang ipaliwanag ang heograpikal na distribusyon ng mga buhay na espesye gaya ng mga rhe at ang mga ekstintong hayop gaya ng kakaibang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrauchenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrauchenia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Macrauchenia</a> na kamukha ng isang higanteng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanaco (hindi pa naisusulat)">guanaco</a>. Ang kanyang pag-iisip sa panahon ng buhay, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aseksuwal_na_reproduksiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aseksuwal na reproduksiyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">aseksuwal na reproduksiyon</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seksuwal_na_reproduksiyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seksuwal na reproduksiyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">seksuwal na reproduksiyon</a> na nabuo sa kanyang notebook na "B" noong kalagitnaan ng Hulyo tungo sa pagbabago sa supling "upang umangkop at baguhin ang lahi hanggang sa pagbabago ng mundo" na nagpapaliwanag sa mga pawikan ng Galapagos, mockingbird at mga rhea. Kanyang iginuhit ang sumasangay na inapo at pagkatapos ng henealohikal na pagsasangay ng isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punoy_ng_buhay_(agham)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punoy ng buhay (agham) (hindi pa naisusulat)">ebolusyonaryong puno</a> kung saan "mangmang na pag-uspan ang isang hayop na mas mataas sa iba pa" na nagtatapon sa independiyenteng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkan_(ebolusyon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkan (ebolusyon) (hindi pa naisusulat)">angkan</a> (lineages) na tumutungo sa mas mataas na mga anyo ni <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Lamarck</a> <a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labis_na_pagtatrabaho,_sakit,_at_pagpapakasal">Labis na pagtatrabaho, sakit, at pagpapakasal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Labis na pagtatrabaho, sakit, at pagpapakasal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Labis na pagtatrabaho, sakit, at pagpapakasal">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Tingnan din: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalusugan_ni_Charles_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalusugan ni Charles Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kalusugan ni Charles Darwin</a></div> Habang binubuo ang kanyang masidhing pag-aaral ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasyon_ng_espesye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasyon ng espesye (hindi pa naisusulat)">transmutasyon</a>, si Darwin ay nalublob sa mas maraming trabaho. Habang muling sinusulat ang kanyang Hornal, kanyang kinuha ang pag-eedit at paglilimbag ng mga ulat ng eksperto sa kanyang mga koleksiyon at sa tulong ni Henslow ay nagkamit ng isang kaloob ng salapi na <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1,000 upang suportahan ang multi-bolyum na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zoology_of_the_Voyage_of_H.M.S._Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">Zoology of the Voyage of H.M.S. Beagle</a> na isang halagang katumbas ng mga £89,000 in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-inflation-UK-68">[68]</a> Kanyang pinalawak ang pagpopondo upang isama ang kanyang mga plinanong aklat sa heolohiya at umayon sa mga hindi realistikong petsa sa tagalimbag.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Habang nagsisimula ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panahong_Victorian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panahong Victorian (hindi pa naisusulat)">panahong Victorian</a>, si Darwin ay nagpatuloy sa pagsusulat ng kanyang Hornal at noong Agosto 1837 ay nagsimulang tuwirin ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patunay_ni_Gally&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patunay ni Gally (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga patunay ng tagalimbag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Ang kalusugan ni Darwin ay nagdusa mula sa pagpipilit na ito. Noong Setyembre 20, siya ay nagkaroon ng "hindi komportableng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palpitasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palpitasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">palpitasyon</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Puso" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Puso">puso</a>" kaya ang kanyang mga doktor ay humikayat sa kanya "tigilan ang lahat ng trabaho" at mamuhay sa probinsiya ng ilang mga linggo. Pagkatapos bisitahin ang Shrewsbury, kanyang sinalihan ang kanyang mga kamag-anak na Wedgwood sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maer_Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maer Hall (hindi pa naisusulat)">Maer Hall</a>, Staffordshire ngunit kanilang natuklasan sila na labis na sabi sa mga kuwento ng kanyang paglalakbay para siya ay makagpahinga. Ang kanyang kaaya-aya, matalino at kulturadong pinsan na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Emma Wedgwood</a> na siyam na buwang mas matanda kay Dawin ang nag-aalaga sa kanyang lumpong tiyahin. Ang kanyang tiyuhing si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josiah_Wedgwood_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josiah Wedgwood II (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jos</a> ay nagturo ng area sa lupa kung saan ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinder (hindi pa naisusulat)">cinder</a> ay naglaho sa ilalim ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loam (hindi pa naisusulat)">loam</a> at nagmungkahing ito ay gawa ng mga <a href="/wiki/Bulate" class="mw-disambig" title="Bulate">bulate</a> na pumukaw sa "isang bago at mahalagang teoriya" sa kanilang papel sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedohenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedohenesis (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagkakabuo ng lupa</a> na ipinrisinta ni Darwin sa Geological Society noong Nobyembre 1.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Tinulak ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Whewell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Whewell (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Whewell</a> na kunin ang mga tungkulin ng Kalihim ng Geological Society. Pagkatapos na simulang tanggihan ang trabaho, kanyang tinanggap ito noong Marso 1838.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Sa kabila ng pagiging matrabaho ng pagsulat at pageedit ng mga ulat ng Beagle, si Darwin ay nakagaw ng kahanga hangang pagsulong sa transmutasyon na kumuha ng bawat oportunidad upang tanuning ang mga ekspertong naturalista at sa hindi ordinaryo, ang mga taong may praktikal na karanasan gaya ng mga magsasaka at tagapag-alaga ng kalapati.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Over time his research drew on information from his relatives and children, the family butler, neighbours, colonists and former shipmates.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Kanyang isinama ang sangkatauhan sa kanyang mga spekulasyon sa simula pa lang at sa pagkita ng isang <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutan</a> sa zoo ng 28 Marso 1838 ay napansin ang tulad ng bata nitong pag-aasal.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> Ang pagod ay nagdulot ng pinsala at sa Hunyo, siya ay nakahiga sa ilang mga araw na may problem sa tiyan, sakit ng ulo at mga sintomas ng puso. Sa natitira ng kanyang buhay, siya ay paulit ulit na nalumpo ng mga yugto ng sakit sa tiyan, pagsusuka, mga <a href="/wiki/Pigsa" title="Pigsa">pigsa</a>, mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palpitasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palpitasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">palpitasyon</a>, panginginig at iba pang mga sintomas lalo na sa mga panahon ng stress gaya ng pagdalo sa mga pagtitipon o pakikisalamuha. Ang sanhi ng sakit ni Darwin ay nananatiling hindi alam at ang mga pagtatangka sa paggamot ay may kaunting tagumpay.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Noong Hunyo 23, siya ay kumuha ng pagpapahinga at umalis na "nagheheolohisa" (geologizing) sa <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Kanyang binisita ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glen_Roy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glen Roy (hindi pa naisusulat)">Glen Roy</a> sa magandang panahon upang makita ang mga paralelong "daanan" na hinati sa mga gilid ng bundok sa tatlong mga taas. Kanyang kalaunang inilimbag ang kanyang pananaw na ang mga ito ay mga marinong tumaas na pampang ng dagat ngunit kanyang tinanggap na ang mga ito ay mga dalampasigan ng isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proglacial_na_lawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proglacial na lawa (hindi pa naisusulat)">proglacial na lawa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Emma_Darwin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three quarter length portrait of woman aged about 30, with dark hair in centre parting straight on top, then falling in curls on each side. She smiles pleasantly and is wearing an open necked blouse with a large shawl pulled over her arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emma_Darwin.jpg/170px-Emma_Darwin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emma_Darwin.jpg/255px-Emma_Darwin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Emma_Darwin.jpg/340px-Emma_Darwin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="973" /></a><figcaption>Pinili ni Darwin na pakasalan ang kanyang pinsang si<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Emma Wedgwood</a>.</figcaption></figure> Pagkatapos na buong gumaling, siya ay bumalik sa Shrewsbury noong Hulyo. Sa pagkasanay sa araw araw na pagsusulat tungkol sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paglalahi_ng_hayop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paglalahi ng hayop (hindi pa naisusulat)">paglalahi ng hayop</a> (animal breeding), siya ay sumulat ng paggala galang mga pag-iisip tungkol sa karera at mga prospekto sa dalawang papel na ang isa ay may mga hanay na may uluhang "Marry" at "Not Marry". Ang mga pakinabang ay kinabibilangan ng "konstanteng kasama at isang kaibigan sa matandang edad  ...mas mabuti kesa sa isang aso kahit papaano", at mga laban sa puntong gaya ng "kulang sa pera para sa mga aklat" at "teribleng pagkawala ng panahon".<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Sa pagpasya na pabor dito, kanya itong tinalakay kasama ng kanyang ama at binisita si Emma noong Hulyo 29. Hindi niya naggawang magmungkahi ngunit laban sa payo ng kanyang ama, kanyang binanggit ang kanyang mga ideya tungkol sa transmutasyon.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Sa pagpapatuloy ng kanyang pagsasaliksik sa London, ang malawak na pagbabasa ni Darwin ay kinabibilangan na ngayon ng ika-anim na edisyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Essay on the Principle of Population (hindi pa naisusulat)">An Essay on the Principle of Population</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" title="Thomas Malthus">Malthus</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"In Oktubre 1838, that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic enquiry, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here, then, I had at last got a theory by which to work..."<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Noong Oktubre 1838, na labing limang buwan pagkatapos ng aking sistematikong pagsisiyasat, nagkataong nabasa ko sa katuwaan si Malthus tungkol sa Populasyon at sa pagiging maiging handa na makilala ang hirap para sa pag-iral na saanman ay nagpapatuloy mula sa mahabang patulkoy na obserbasyon ng mga pag-aasal ng mga hayop at halaman, muling tumimo sa akin na sa ilalim ng mga sirkunstansiyang ito, ang mga pumapabor na bariasyon (pagkakaiba) ay may kagawiang maingatan, at ang mga hindi pumapabor ay nasisira. Ang resulta nito ay ang pagkakabuo ng bagong <a href="/wiki/Espesye" title="Espesye">espesye</a>. Dito, kung gayon, sa wakas ay may isang teoriya na pagtatrabahuhan..." </blockquote> Isinaad ni Malthus na malibang ang populasyon ng tao ay hindi mapipigil, ito ay tataas sa isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progresyong_heometriko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progresyong heometriko (hindi pa naisusulat)">progresyong heometriko</a> at sa sandali ay lalabis sa suplay ng pagkain na tinatawag na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katastropiyang_Malthusian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katastropiyang Malthusian (hindi pa naisusulat)">katastropiyang Malthusian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a> Si Darwin ay labis na handa na makita na ito ay lumalapat rin sa "paglalaban laban ng mga espesye" ng mga halaman ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=A._P._de_Candolle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. P. de Candolle (hindi pa naisusulat)">de Candolle</a> at paglalaban sa eksistensiya sa mga ahayop na nagpapaliwanag kung paanong ang mga bilang ng espesye ay medyo matatag. Dahil sa ang espesye ay palaging dumadami ng higit sa makukuhang mga pinagkukuna, ang mga pumapabor na bariasyon ay gagawa sa mga organismo na mas maigi sa pagpapatuloy (surviving) at pagpasa ng mga bariasyon sa kanilang mga supling samantalang ang mga hindi pumapabor na bariasyon ay mawawala. Ito ay magreresulta sa pagkakabuo ng mga bagong espesye.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> Noong 28 Setyembre 1838, kanyang binigyang diin ang ang kabatirang ito na inilalarawan ito bilang isang uri ng pagsisiksik, pagpupwersa ng mga umangkop na istraktura sa mga pagitan sa <a href="/wiki/Ekonomiya" title="Ekonomiya">ekonomiya</a> ng kalikasan habang ang mas mahinang mga istraktura ay napapatalsik.<a href="#cite_note-JvW-5">[5]</a> Sa gitna ng Disyembre, kanyang nakita ang pagkakatulad sa pagitan ng mga magsasaka na pumipili ng pinakamahusay na lahi at ang Kalikasang Malthusian na pumipili mula sa tsansang mga iba upang "ang bawat bahagi ng bagong nakamit na istraktura ay buong praktikal at nasakdal",<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> na iniisip na ang paghahambing na ito "ay isang magandang bahagi ng aking teoriya".<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Noong Nobyembre 11, si Darwin ay bumalik sa Maer at nag-alok ng kasal kay Emma na muling sinabi ang kanyang mga ideya sa kanya. Tinanggap ito ni Emma at sa mga palitan ng mapagmahal na liham, kanyang ipinakita kung paano niya pinahalagahan ang pagiging bukas ni Darwin sa kanilang mga pagkakaiba at gayundin ang paghahayag ng kanyang malakas na paniniwalang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unitarian</a> at pagkabahala na ang tapat na mga pagdududa ni Darwin ang maaaring maghiwalay sa kanila sa <a href="/wiki/Kabilang_buhay" title="Kabilang buhay">kabilang buhay</a>. <a href="#cite_note-Belief-84">[84]</a> Habang siya ay naghahanap ng bahay sa Londo, ang mga yugto ng sakit ay nagpatuloy at si Emma ay sumulat kay Darwin na humihikayat sa kanya na magpahinga na halos propetikong nagmarka na "kaya huwag kang magkakasakit pa, aking sinisintang Charley hanggang sa makasama kita upang alagaan kita." Kanyang natagpuan ang kanilang tinawag na "Macaw Cottage" sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gower_Street_(London)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gower Street (London) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gower Street</a>, at pagkatapos ay inilipat ang kanyang "museo" noong pasko. Noong 24 Enero 1839, si Darwin ay inihilalal bilang kapanalig sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society (hindi pa naisusulat)">Royal Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> Noong Enero 29, si Darwin at Emma Wedgwood ay ikinasala sa Maer sa isang seremonyong Anglikano na isinaayos upang umangkop sa mga Unitarian at sandaling pagkatapos ay sumakay sa tren sa London at tumungo sa kanilang bagong bahay. <a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pagkakalimbag_ng_teoriya_ng_natural_na_seleksiyon">Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ng natural na seleksiyon</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ng natural na seleksiyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ng natural na seleksiyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Para sa mas marami pang mga detalye hinggil sa paksang ito, tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagkakalimbag_ng_teoriya_ni_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ni Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagkakalimbag ng teoriya ni Darwin</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank,_1855-crop.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Studio photo showing Darwin's characteristic large forehead and bushy eyebrows with deep set eyes, pug nose and mouth set in a determined look. He is bald on top, with dark hair and long side whiskers but no beard or moustache." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png/170px-Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png/255px-Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png/340px-Charles_Darwin_by_Maull_and_Polyblank%2C_1855-crop.png 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Si Charles Darwin, sa edad na 46 noong 1855 na sa panahong ito ay gumagawa tungo sa publikasyon ng kanyang teoriya ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></figcaption></figure> Sa simula nang 1856, si Darwin ay nag-iimbestiga kung ang mga itlog at <a href="/wiki/Binhi" class="mw-disambig" title="Binhi">binhi</a> ay maaaring magpatuloy sa paglalakbay sa tubig dagat upang magkalat ng espesye sa buong karagatan. Papataas na pinagdudahan ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dalton_Hooker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hooker</a> ang tradisyonal na pananaw na ang espesye ay nakapirme ngunit ang kanilang batang kaibigang si <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> ay matatag na laban sa <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>. Si <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Lyell</a> ay na-intriga sa mga spekulasyon ni Darwin na hindi natatanto ang sakop nito. Nang kanyang mabasa ang isang papel ni <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> na "On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species", kanyang nakita ang mga pagkakatulad ng pag-iisip ni Darwin at kanyang hinikayat na ilimbag ito upang ilatag ang pagiging una dito. Bagaman walang nakita si Darwin na banta rito, siya ay nagsimula ng trabaho sa isang maikling papel. Ang paghahanap ng mga sagot sa mga mahirap na tanong ang paulit ulit na nagpaantala sa kanya at kanyang pinalawig ang kanyang mga plano sa "isang malaking aklat tungkol sa espesye" na pinamagatang Natural Selection. Kanyang pinagpatuloy ang kanyang mga pagsasaliksik na nagkakamit ng impormasyon at mga specimen mula sa mga naturalista sa buong mundo kabilang si Wallace na nagtatrabaho sa <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>. Ang Amerikanong botanistang si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asa Gray (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asa Gray</a> ay nagpakita rin ng parehong mga interest at noong 5 Setyembre 1857, pinadalhan ni Darwin si Gray ng isang detalyadong balangkas ng kanyang mga ideya kabilang ang abstrakto ng Natural Selection. Noong Disyembre, si Darwin ay tumanggap ng isang liham mula kay Wallace na nagtatanong kung ang aklat ay magsisiyasat ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">mga pinagmulan ng tao</a>. Siya ay tumugon na kanyang iiwasan ang paksa na "labis na napapalibutan ng mga prehudisyo" samantalang hinihikayat si Wallace sa pagteteorisa at nagdagdag na "Ako ay tutungo ng higit sa iyo".<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Ang aklat ni Dawin ay isang bahagi lamang naisulat nang noong 18 Hunyo 1858, siya ay nakatanggap ng isang papel mula kay Wallace na naglalarawan ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>. Sa pagkabiglas na siya ay naantala, ipinadala ito ni Dawin noong araw na iyon kay Lyell gaya ng hiniling ni Wallace <a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> , at bagaman hindi humingi si Wallace para sa paglilimbag, si Darwin ay nagmungkahi na ipapapadala niya ito sa anumang hornal na pinili ni Wallace. Ang kanyang pamilya ay nasa krisis na ang mga anak sa barrio ay namamatay sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scarlet_fever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scarlet fever (hindi pa naisusulat)">scarlet fever</a> at kanyang inilagay ang mga materya sa kamay nina Lyell at Hooker. Pagkatapos ng ilang diskusyon, sila ay nagpasya sa isang pinagsamang presentasyon sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnean_Society_of_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linnean Society of London (hindi pa naisusulat)">Linnean Society</a> sa Hulyo 1 ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties;_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of_Varieties_and_Species_by_Natural_Means_of_Selection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (hindi pa naisusulat)">On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection</a>. Gayunpaman, ang anak na sanggol na lalake ni Darwin ay namatay sa scarlet fever (lagnat) at siya ay labis na nasiphayo upang makadalo dito.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> May kaunting mabilis na atention sa paghahayag ng teoriyang ito. Ang presidente ng Linnean Society ay nagmarka noong Mayo 1859 na ang taon ay hindi minarkahan ng anumang rebolusyonaryong mga pagkakatuklas.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Isa lamang review ang sapat na uminis kay Darwin upang maalala ito kalaunan. Si propesor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Haughton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Haughton (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samuel Haughton</a> ng Dublin ay nag-angking "ang lahat ng bago sa kanila ay hindi totoo at ang totoo ay luma."<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Si Darwin ay naghirap sa loob ng labingtatlong buwan upang bumuo ng abstrakto ng kanyang "malaking aklat" na dumadanas ng sakit ngunit kumukuha ng patuloy na paghihikayat mula sa kanyang mga kaibigang siyentipiko. Pinangasiwaan ni Lyell na ilimbag ito ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Murray_(publisher)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Murray (publisher) (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Murray</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> Ang <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a>(Tungkol sa Pinagmulan ng Espesye) ay napatunayang hindi inaasahang sumikat na ang buong suplay ng 1,250 kopya ay labis na binili nang ito ay ibenta noong 22 Nobyembre 1859.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Sa aklat na ito, inilatag ni Darwin ang "isang mahabang argumento" ng mga detalyadong obserbasyon, paghihinuha, at pagsasaalang alang mga inaasahang pagtutol.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Ang kanyang tanging alusyon sa <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">ebolusyon ng tao</a> ang pangungunsap na "ang liwanag ay ihahagis sa (o bibigyan ng liwanag ang) pinagmulan at tao at ng kanyang kasaysayan",<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Ang kanyang teoriyang ay simpleng nakasaad sa introduksiyon: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote">As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying conditions of life, will have a better chance of surviving, and thus be naturally selected. From the strong principle of inheritance, any selected variety will tend to propagate its new and modified form.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> Habang maraming mga indibidwal ng bawat espesye ay ipinapanganak na posibleng magpatuloy; at bilang resulta, may kadalasang paulit ulit na pakikipaglaban para sa eksistensiya, sumusunod na anumang nilalang, kung ito ay magbago gayunpaman ng kaunti sa anumang paraan ng mapapakinabangan sa sarili nito, sa ilalim ng masalimuot at minsang nagbabagong mga kondisyon ng buhay, ay may mas mabuting tsansa ng pagpapatuloy at kaya ay natural na napili. Mula sa malakas na prinsipyo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagmamana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagmamana (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagmamana</a>, anumang napiling uri ay may kagawiang magpalaganap ng bago at binago nitong anyo.</blockquote> Siya ay naglagay ng isang malakas na kaso para sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">karaniwang pinagmulan</a> (common descent), nugnit iniwasan ang sa panahong ito na kontrobersiyal na terminong "<a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>". Sa huli ng aklat, siya ay nagbigay ng konklusyon na: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"><blockquote class="templatequote">There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> May kadakilaan sa pananaw na ito ng buhay, sa ilang mga kapangyarihan nito, na orihinal na hiningahan sa ilang mga anyo o sa isa; at, bagaman ang planetang ito ay dumanas ng pagsisiklo ayon sa nakapirmeng batas ng <a href="/wiki/Grabidad" class="mw-redirect" title="Grabidad">grabidad</a>, mula sa simple, ang nagsisimulang walang hanggangng mga anyo na pinakamaganda at pinaka kahanga hanga ay nag-ebolb at <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">nag-eebolb</a>.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mga_tugon_sa_pagkakalimbag_nito">Mga tugon sa pagkakalimbag nito</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga tugon sa pagkakalimbag nito" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Mga tugon sa pagkakalimbag nito">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three quarter length portrait of sixty year old man, balding, with white hair and long white bushy beard, with heavy eyebrows shading his eyes looking thoughtfully into the distance, wearing a wide lapelled jacket." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg/170px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg/255px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg/340px-Charles_Darwin_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1968" data-file-height="2472" /></a><figcaption>Sa bakasyon ng pamilya ni Darwin noong 1868 sa kubo ng <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_Margaret_Cameron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia Margaret Cameron (hindi pa naisusulat)">Julia Margaret Cameron</a> ay kumuha ng mga larawan na nagpapakita ng lumagong balbas ni Darwin noong1866.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_(1871).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="White bearded head of Darwin with the body of a crouching ape." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/170px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/255px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg/340px-Editorial_cartoon_depicting_Charles_Darwin_as_an_ape_%281871%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2068" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption>Isang 1871 karikatura kasunod ng publikasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Descent_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Descent of Man (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Descent of Man</a> na karaniwan sa maraming nagpapakita kay Darwin na may katawan ng <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a> (bakulaw) na nag-uugnay sa kanya sa popular na kultura bilang pangunahing may-akda ng teoriyang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyonaryo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b373-100">[100]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="rellink boilerplate seealso">Para sa mas marami pang mga detalye hinggil sa paksang ito, tingnan ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reaction_to_Darwin%27s_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reaction to Darwin's theory (hindi pa naisusulat)">Reaction to Darwin's theory</a>.</div> Ang aklat na ito ay pumukaw ng internasyonal na interest na may kaunting kontrobersiya kesa sa bumati sa sikat na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestiges_of_the_Natural_History_of_Creation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Bagaman ang sakit ni Darwin ang pumigil sa kanya mula sa mga publikong debate, kanyang sabik na inusisa ang tugong siyentipiko, na nagkokomento sa mga sipi ng diyaryo, mga artikulo, mga panunuya, mga karikatura at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tugon_ni_Charles_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tugon ni Charles Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">at tumugon dito</a> kasama ng kanyang kasama sa buong mundo.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> Darwin had only said "Light will be thrown on the origin of man",<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> but the first review claimed it made a creed of the "men from monkeys" idea from Vestiges.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Kabilang sa mga simulang pumpabor na tugon, ang mga review ni Huxley ay bumatikos kay <a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Richard Owen</a> na pinuno ng establisyementong siyentipiko na sinubukan ni Huxley pabagsakin.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Noong Abril, ang review ni Owen ay umatake sa mga kaibigan ni Darwin at aroganteng itinakwil ang kanyang mga ideya na gumalit kay Darwin,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> ngunit si Owen at ang iba ay nagsimulang magtaguyod ng mga ideya ng ginabayan ng <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> na <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Ang tugon ng <a href="/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Inglatera" title="Simbahan ng Inglatera">Simbahan ng Inglatera</a> (Church of England) ay halo. Ang mga dating tutor ni Darwin sa Cambridge na sina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Sedgwick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam Sedgwick (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sedgwick</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Stevens_Henslow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Stevens Henslow (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henslow</a> ay tumakwil sa mga ideya na ito nugnit ang mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liberal_na_Kristiyanismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liberal na Kristiyanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">liberal na pari</a> ay binigyan ng kahulugan ang <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> bilang instrumento ng disenyo ng <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na nakita ng ito ng paring si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Kingsley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Kingsley (hindi pa naisusulat)">Charles Kingsley</a> bilang "tulad ng dakila na konsepsiyon ng diyos".<a href="#cite_note-Darwinanddesign-108">[108]</a> Noong 1860, ang publikasyon ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essays_and_Reviews&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essays and Reviews (hindi pa naisusulat)">Essays and Reviews</a> ng pitong mga liberal na Anglikanong teologo ang nagpalihis ng atensiyon ng mga pari mula kay Darwin na ang ideya nito kabilang ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataas_na_kritisismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataas na kritisismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">mataas na kritisismo</a> (higher criticism) ay inatake ng mga autoridad ng simbahan bilang <a href="/wiki/Heresiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Heresiya">heresiya</a>. Dito, ikinatwiran ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baden_Powell_(mathematician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baden Powell (mathematician) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Baden Powell</a> na ang <a href="/wiki/Himala" class="mw-disambig" title="Himala">himala</a> ay sumira sa mga batas ng diyos, kaya ang paniniwala sa mga ito ay <a href="/wiki/Ateismo" title="Ateismo">ateistiki</a> at pinuri ang "dakilang bolsiyum ni Ginoong Darwin [na sumusuporta]; sa dakilang prinsipyo ng sariling nag-eebolb na mga kapangyarihan ng kalikasan".<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> Tinalakay ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asa_Gray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asa Gray (hindi pa naisusulat)">Asa Gray</a> ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teleolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teleolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">teleolohiya</a> kasama si Darwin na umangkat at namahagi ng pampleto ni Gray tungkol sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teistikong_ebolusyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teistikong ebolusyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">teistikong ebolusyon</a> na "ang natural seleksiyon ay hindi inkonsistente sa natural na teolohiya".<a href="#cite_note-Darwinanddesign-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-miles-110">[110]</a> Ang pinaka kilalang konprontasyon ang publikong <a href="/w/index.php?title=Debate_tungkol_sa_ebolusyon_sa_Oxford_noong_1860&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debate tungkol sa ebolusyon sa Oxford noong 1860 (hindi pa naisusulat)">debate tungkol sa ebolusyon sa Oxford noong 1860</a> habang nangyayari ang pagpupuplong ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for the Advancement of Science (hindi pa naisusulat)">Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, kung saan ang obispo ng Oxford na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Wilberforce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Wilberforce (hindi pa naisusulat)">Samuel Wilberforce</a>, bagaman hindi tumututol sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutason_ng_espesye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutason ng espesye (hindi pa naisusulat)">transmutason ng espesye</a> ay nangatwiran laban sa paliwanag ni Darwin at pagmumula ng tao mula sa mga <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a>. Si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Dalton_Hooker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker (hindi pa naisusulat)">Joseph Hooker</a> ay malakas na nangatwiran para kay Darwin at ang maalamat na sagot ni <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Huxley</a> na siya ay mas mabuting galing sa isang <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a> kesa sa isang tao na hindi ginamit ng tama ang kanyang mga kaloob, ang naging simbolo ng pagtatagumpay ng <a href="/wiki/Agham" title="Agham">agham</a> laban sa <a href="/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a>.'<a href="#cite_note-Darwinanddesign-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Kahit pa ang mga malapit na kaibigan ni Darwin na sina Gray, Hooker, Huxley at Lyell ay naghayag pa rin ng iba't ibang mga reserbasyon ngunit nagbigay ng malakas na suporta gaya ng iba pang lalo na ang mga mas batang naturalista. Sina Gray at Lyell ay naghangad ng rekonsilyasyon sa pananampalataya samantalang si Huxley ay nagpinta ng isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarisasyon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarisasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">polarisasyon</a> sa pagitan ng relihiyon at agham. Siya ay palabang nangampanya laban sa autoridad ng mga pari sa edukasyon,<a href="#cite_note-Darwinanddesign-108">[108]</a> na naglalayon na pataubin ang pananaig ng mga pari at artistokratikong baguhan sa ilalim ni Owen bilang pabor sa bagong henerasyon ng mga propesyonal na siyentipiko. Ang pag-aangkin ni Owen na ang anatomiya ng <a href="/wiki/Utak" title="Utak">utak</a> ay nagpapatunay na ang mga tao hiwalay na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Order_(biolohiya)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Order (biolohiya) (hindi pa naisusulat)">biolohikal na order</a> mula sa mga <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a> ay ipinakitang mali ni Huxley sa isang mahabang pagtatalo na pinarodiya ni Kinsgley bilang ang "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Hippocampus_Question&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Hippocampus Question (hindi pa naisusulat)">Great Hippocampus Question</a>" at pinabulaanan si Owen.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwinismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwinismo</a> ay naging isang kilusan na sumasakop sa isang malawak na saklaw ng mga ebolusyonaryong ideya. Noong 1862, ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geological_Evidences_of_the_Antiquity_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man (hindi pa naisusulat)">Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man</a> ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Lyell</a> ay nagpasikat ng bago ang kasaysayan (prehistory) bagaman ang kanyang pagiingat sa ebolusyon ay sumiphayo kay Darwin. Pagkatapos ng ilang mga linggo ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Nature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (hindi pa naisusulat)">Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature</a> ni Huxley ay nagpatunay na sa <a href="/wiki/Anatomiya" title="Anatomiya">anatomiya</a>, ang mga tao ay mga <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a> at pagktapos ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Naturalist_on_the_River_Amazons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Naturalist on the River Amazons (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Naturalist on the River Amazons</a> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Walter_Bates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Walter Bates (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henry Walter Bates</a> ay nagbigay ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empirikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empirikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">empirikal</a> na ebidensiya ng natural na seleksiyon.<a href="#cite_note-B217-113">[113]</a> Ang pag-iimpluwensiya (lobbying) ay nagdala kay Darwin ng pinakamataas na karangalang siyentipiko ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Britansiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britansiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Britansiya</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medalyang_Copley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medalyang Copley (hindi pa naisusulat)">Medalyang Copley</a> na ginawad noong 3 Nobyembre 1864. .<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> Sa parehong araw, idinaos ni Huxley ang unang pagpupulong na naging kilala na impluwensiya na <a href="/w/index.php?title=X_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X Club (hindi pa naisusulat)">X Club</a> na inilaan para sa "agham, puro, at malayang, hindi sinusupil ng mga dogmang relihiyoso".<a href="#cite_note-Letter4807-115">[115]</a> Sa huling dekada, karamihan sa mga siyentipiko ay umaayon na ang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a> ay nangyari ngunit ang isa lamang minoridad ang sumusuporta sa pananaw ni Darwin na ang pangunahing mekanismo nito ang <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> Ang <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a> ay isinalin sa maraming mga wika na naging pangunahing siyentipikong teksto na umaakit ng atensiyon mula sa lahat ng takbo ng buhay kabilang ang mga lalakeng trabahador na dumalo sa mga pagtuturo ni Huxley.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> Ang teoriya ni Darwin ay sumidhi rin sa iba't ibang mga kilusan sa panahong ito <a href="#endnote_Cnone">[III]</a> at naging isang pangunahing bahagi ng <a href="/wiki/Popular_na_kultura" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular na kultura">popular na kultura</a>. <a href="#endnote_Dnone">[IV]</a> Pinarodiya ng mga kartoonista ang ninuno ng mga hayop sa isang lumang tradisyon na nagpapakita ng mga tao na may katangian ng hayop at sa Britanya, ang mga imaheng ito ang nagpasikat sa teoriya ni Darwin sa hindi nakababantang paraan. Habang may sakit noong 1862, si Darwin ay nagsimulang tubuan ng <a href="/wiki/Balbas" title="Balbas">balbas</a> at nang siya ay muling lumitaw sa publiko noong 1866, ang mga karikatura sa kanya bilang isang <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a> (bakulaw) ay tumulong na umugnay ng lahat ng mga anyo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebolusyonismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebolusyonismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">ebolusyonismo</a> sa Darwinismo.<a href="#cite_note-b373-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pinamgmulan_ng_Tao,_seleksiyong_seksuwal,_at_botaniya">Pinamgmulan ng Tao, seleksiyong seksuwal, at botaniya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinamgmulan ng Tao, seleksiyong seksuwal, at botaniya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Pinamgmulan ng Tao, seleksiyong seksuwal, at botaniya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Head and shoulders portrait, increasingly bald with rather uneven bushy white eyebrows and beard, his wrinkled forehead suggesting a puzzled frown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg/170px-1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg/255px-1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg/340px-1878_Darwin_photo_by_Leonard_from_Woodall_1884_-_cropped_grayed_partially_cleaned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="2777" /></a><figcaption>Noong 1878, ang sumisikat na si Darwin ay dumanas ng mga taon ng pagkakasakit.</figcaption></figure> Sa kabila ng paulit ulit na yugto ng sakit sa huli ng dalawampu't dalawang mga taong kanyang buhay, ang paggawa ni Darwin ay nagpatuloy. Sa pagkakalimbag ng kanyang <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a> bilang <a href="/wiki/Abstrakto" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstrakto">abstrakto</a> ng kanyang teoriya, siya ay nagpatuloy sa mga eskperimento, pagsasaliksik at pagsusulat ng "malaking aklat". Kanyang isinama ang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon_ng_tao" title="Ebolusyon ng tao">pinagmulan ng tao</a> mula sa mas naunang mga hayop kabilang ang ebolusyon ng <a href="/wiki/Lipunan" title="Lipunan">lipunan</a> at mga kakayang pang-isipan gayundin ang papapaliwanag ng nagpapalamuting kagandahan sa kahayupan at lumawak sa bagong mga pag-aaral ng mga halaman. Ang kanyang mga pagsisiyasat tungkol sa <a href="/wiki/Polinasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Polinasyon">polinasyon</a> ng insekto ay tumungo noong 1861 sa mga dakilang pag-aaral ng mga ligaw na <a href="/wiki/Orchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchid">orchid</a> na nagpapakita ng <a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">pag-aangkop</a> (adaptation) ng kanilang mga bulaklak upang umakit ng mga spesipikong gamu gamo sa bawat espesye at siguruhin ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterosis (hindi pa naisusulat)">krus na pertilisasyon</a>. Ang kanyang 1862 na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fertilisation_of_Orchids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fertilisation of Orchids (hindi pa naisusulat)">Fertilisation of Orchids</a> ang nagbigay ng unang detalyadong demonstrasyon ng kapangyarihan ng natural na seleksiyon upang ipaliwanag ang masalimuot na mga ugnayang ekolohikal, na gumagawa ng mga masusubok na prediksiyon o hula. Habang humihina ang kanyang kalusugan, siya ay nakahilata sa kanyang kwarto na punto ng mga nag-iimbentong eksperimento upang balangkasin ang pagkilos ng mga <a href="/wiki/Baging" title="Baging">baging</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Ang mga humahangang bisita ay kinabibilangan ni <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a> na isang masigasig na tagapagtaguyod ng Darwinismus na nagsasama ng <a href="/wiki/Lamarckismo" title="Lamarckismo">Lamarckismo</a> at ang idealismo ni <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Wallace remained supportive, though he increasingly turned to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiritualism_(religious_movement)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiritualism (religious movement) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Spiritualism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Variation_of_Animals_and_Plants_under_Domestication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication</a> noong 1868 ang unang bahagi ng pinlanong "malaking aklat" ni Dawin at kinabibilangan ng hindi matagumpay na mga hipotesis ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Panhenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panhenesis (hindi pa naisusulat)">panhenesis</a> na nagtatangkang ipaliwanag ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagmamana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagmamana (hindi pa naisusulat)">pagmamana</a>. Ito ay nabenta nang mabilis sa simula sa kabila ng sukat nito at isinalin sa maraming mga wika. Kanyang isinulat ang karamihan ng ikalwang bahagi ngunit nanatiling hindi nalilimbag habang siya ay nabubuhay.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Darwin's figure is shown seated, dressed in a toga, in a circular frame labelled "TIME'S METER" around which a succession of figures spiral, starting with an earthworm emerging from the broken letters "CHAOS" then worms with head and limbs, followed by monkeys, apes, primitive men, a loin cloth clad hunter with a club, and a gentleman who tips his top hat to Darwin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg/170px-Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg/255px-Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg/340px-Man_is_But_a_Worm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Punch_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punch (magazine) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Punch's</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almanac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almanac (hindi pa naisusulat)">almanac</a> for 1882, published shortly before Darwin's death, depicts him amidst evolution from chaos to Victorian gentleman with the title Man Is But A Worm.</figcaption></figure> Pinasikat na ni <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lyell" title="Charles Lyell">Lyell</a> ang bago ang kasaysayan (prehistory) ng tao at ipinakita ni <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Huxley</a> na sa paglalarawang anatomikal, ang mga tao ay mga <a href="/wiki/Ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Ape">ape</a>.<a href="#cite_note-B217-113">[113]</a> Sa pagkakalimbag ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex</a> noong 1871, inilatag ni Darwin ang ebidensiya mula sa iba't ibang mga sanggunian na ang mga tao ay mga hayop na nagpapakita ng pagpapatuloy ng pisikal, at pang-isipang katangian at ipinrisinta ang <a href="/wiki/Seleksiyong_seksuwal" class="mw-redirect" title="Seleksiyong seksuwal">seleksiyong seksuwal</a> upang ipaliwanag ang impraktikal na mga katangian ng hayop gaya ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plumahe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plumahe (hindi pa naisusulat)">plumahe</a> ng <a href="/wiki/Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock">peacock</a> gayundin ang ebolusyong pantao ng kultura, mga pagkakaiba sa kasarian, at pisikal at kultural na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katangiang_panglahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katangiang panglahi (hindi pa naisusulat)">katangiang panglahi</a> habang binibigyang diin na ang mga tao ay lahat isang espesye.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Ang kanyang pagsasaliksik gamit ang mga larawan ay pinalawig sa kanyang aklat noong 1872 na <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Expression_of_the_Emotions_in_Man_and_Animals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals</a> na isa sa mga unang aklat na nagtatanghal ng mga inilimbag na larawan na tumatalakay ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebolusyonaryong_sikolohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebolusyonaryong sikolohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">ebolusyon ng sikolohiya ng tao</a> at ang pagpapatuloy nito sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etholohiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etholohiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">pag-aasal ng mga hayop</a>. Ang parehong mga aklat na ito ay napatunay sumikat at si Darwin ay humanga sa pangkalahatang pag-aayon sa kanyang mga pananaw kung saan ang kanyang mga pananaw ay tinanggap at nagmamarkang "ang bawat isa ay pinag-uusapan ito ng walang pagkabigla".<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Ang konklusyon ay "ang tao sa kanyang lahat ng mga dakilang katangian, na may simpatiya na nakakaramdan para sa mga pinakanababa, na may kabutihan na lumalawig hindi laman sa ibang mga tao ngunit sa pinakamapagpakumbabang nilalang, na may tulad ng diyos na katalinuhan na tumagos sa mga kilos at konstitusyon ng <a href="/wiki/Sistemang_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemang solar">sistemang solar</a>-sa lahat ng mga dumakilang kapangyarihan-ang tao ay nagdadala pa rin sa kanyang balangkas na pangkatawan ang hindi mabuburang tanda ng kanyang mababang pinagmulan."<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Ang kanyang mga eksperimentong nauugnay sa ebolusyon at mga imbestigasyon ay tumungo sa mga aklat na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Insectivorous_Plants_(book)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insectivorous Plants (book) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Insectivorous Plants</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Effects_of_Cross_and_Self_Fertilisation_in_the_Vegetable_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom</a>, different forms of flowers on plants of the same species, at <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Power_of_Movement_in_Plants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Power of Movement in Plants (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Power of Movement in Plants</a>. Sa kanyang huling aklat, siya ay bumalik sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Formation_of_Vegetable_Mould_through_the_Action_of_Worms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kamatayan_at_legasiya">Kamatayan at legasiya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kamatayan at legasiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Kamatayan at legasiya">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud,_1881.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_1881.jpg/220px-Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_1881.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="301" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_1881.jpg/330px-Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_1881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Charles_Darwin_photograph_by_Herbert_Rose_Barraud%2C_1881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption>Ang pinaniniwalaang huling litrato ni Darwin noong 1881 bago ang kanyang kamatayan.</figcaption></figure> Noong 1882, si Darwin ay na-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Diagnosis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diagnosis (hindi pa naisusulat)">diagnos</a> ng tinawag na "angina pectoris" na nangangahulugan sa panahong ito ng koronaryong trombosis at sakit sa puso. Sa panahon ng kanyang kamatayan, na-diagnos ng mga doktor ang "mga pag-atakeng anginal" at "pagkabigo ng puso". Si Darwin ay namatay sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Down_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Down House (hindi pa naisusulat)">Down House</a> noong 19 Abril 1882. Ang kanyang mga huling salita sa kanyang pamilya na nagsasabi kay Emma na "Hindi ako natatakot sa kamatayan-Alalahanin kung paanong naging mabuti kang asawa sa akin-Sabihin mo sa lahat ng aking mga anak na alalahanin kung paano sila naging mabuti sa akin" at pagkatapos ay habang si Emma ay nagpapahinga, paulit ulit na sinabi ni Darwin kay Henrietta at Francis "Halos sulit na magkasakit upang maalagaan ninyo".<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> Inaasahan niyang ilibing sa bakuran ng simbahan sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Downe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Downe (hindi pa naisusulat)">Downe</a> ngunit sa kahilingan ng mga kasama ni Darwin at pagkatapos ng publiko at <a href="/wiki/Parliamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamento">parliamentaryong</a> pagsusumamo, isinaayos ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Spottiswoode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Spottiswoode (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Spottiswoode</a> (na presidente ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Royal Society (hindi pa naisusulat)">Royal Society</a>) na si Darwrin ay parangalan ng isang malaking seremonyal na puneral sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westminster_Abbey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westminster Abbey (hindi pa naisusulat)">Westminster Abbey</a> malapit kauy <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DarwinsBurial-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> Nakumbinsi ni Darwin ang karamihan sa mga siyentipiko na ang <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a> bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaniwang_pinagmulan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaniwang pinagmulan (hindi pa naisusulat)">pinagmulan na may modipikasyon</a> ay tama at siya ay itinuturing na isang dakilang siyentipiko na nagrebolusyonisa ng mga ideya. Bagaman kakaunti ang umaayon sa kanyan na "ang natural na seleksiyon ang pangunahin ngunit hindi eksklusibong paraan ng modipikasyon", siya ay pinangaralan noong Hunyo 1909 ng higit sa 400 mga opisyal at siyentipiko mula sa buong mundo na nagpulong sa <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a> upang alalahanin ang kanyang ika-100 taon at ang ika-15 taong anibersaryo ng kanyang aklat na <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-b222-127">[127]</a> Sa panahong ito na tinatawag na "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ang_eklipse_ng_Darwinismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ang eklipse ng Darwinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">ang eklipse ng Darwinismo</a>", ang mga siyentipiko ay nagmungkahi ng iba't ibang mga alternatibong ebolusyonaryong mekanismo na kalaunang napatunayang hindi mapagtatanggol. Ang pagkakabuo ng <a href="/wiki/Modernong_ebolusyonaryong_sintesis" title="Modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis">modernong ebolusyonaryong sintesis</a> mula 1930 hanggang 1950 na nagsasama ng <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> kasama ng <a href="/wiki/Henetikang_populasyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Henetikang populasyon">henetikang populasyon</a> at <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Mendelian</a> na <a href="/wiki/Henetika" title="Henetika">henetika</a> ay nagdala ng malawak na siyentipikong kasunduan na ang <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> ang basikong mekanismo ng <a href="/wiki/Ebolusyon" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>. Ang sintesis na ito ang naglatag ng balangkas para sa mga modernong debate at pagpipino ng teoriyang ito.<a href="#cite_note-b3847-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_anak">Mga anak</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga anak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Mga anak">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <table class="toccolours" style="float: right; clear:right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#e0e0ee; color:black; width:32em; max-width:50%" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="center"></div> <div class="center"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th><div class="center">Mga anak ni Darwin</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Erasmus_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Erasmus Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Erasmus Darwin</a></td> <td>(27 Disyembre 1839–1914) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anne Elizabeth Darwin</a></td> <td>(2 Marso 1841 – 23 Abril 1851) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mary Eleanor Darwin</td> <td>(23 Setyembre 1842 – 16 Oktubre 1842) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etty_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etty Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Henrietta Emma "Etty" Darwin</a></td> <td>(25 Setyembre 1843–1929) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">George Howard Darwin</a></td> <td>(9 Hulyo 1845 – 7 Disyembre 1912) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin_%E2%80%93_Wedgwood_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin – Wedgwood family (hindi pa naisusulat)">Elizabeth "Bessy" Darwin</a></td> <td>(8 Hulyo 1847–1926) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Francis Darwin</a></td> <td>(16 Agosto 1848 – 19 Setyembre 1925) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Leonard Darwin</a></td> <td>(15 Enero 1850 – 26 Marso 1943) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Horace Darwin</a></td> <td>(13 Mayo 1851 – 29 Setyembre 1928) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Waring_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Waring Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Charles Waring Darwin</a></td> <td>(6 Disyembre 1856 – 28 Hunyo 1858) </td></tr></tbody></table> Si Darwin at kanyang asawang si Emma ay may 10 mga anak: ang dalawa ay namatay sa pagkasanggol. Ang kanyang anak na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anne Darwin</a> ay namatay sa edad na 10 at ito may isang nakapipinsalang epekto kay Darwin at sa kanyang asawa. Sa mga nabuhay niyang anak, sina <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">George</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Francis</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Horace</a> ay naging mga Fellows of the Royal Society,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> na respektibong mga natatanging astronomo, botanista at inheryong sibil<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a>. Ang kanyang anak na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leonard_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leonard Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Leonard</a> ay naging sundalo, politiko, ekonomista at tagapagturo ng estadistiko at biologong ebolusyonaryong si <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Fisher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Fisher (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ronald Fisher</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pananaw_ni_Darwin">Mga pananaw ni Darwin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pananaw ni Darwin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pananaw ni Darwin">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Annie_Darwin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three quarter length studio photo of seated girl about nine years old, looking slightly plump and rather solemn, in a striped dress, holding a basket of flowers on her lap." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Annie_Darwin.jpg/170px-Annie_Darwin.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Annie_Darwin.jpg/255px-Annie_Darwin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Annie_Darwin.jpg/340px-Annie_Darwin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1008" /></a><figcaption>Noong 1851, si Darwin ay gumuho nang ang kanyang anak na si Annie ay namatay. Sa panahong ito, ang kanyang pananampalataya sa Kristiyanismo ay paunti ng paunti at tumigil na siya sa pagsisimba.<a href="#cite_note-jvw41-131">[131]</a></figcaption></figure> Ang tradisyong relihiyoso ng pamilya ni Darwin ay <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindi_konpormista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindi konpormista (hindi pa naisusulat)">hindi konpormistang</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unitarianismo</a>. Ang kanyang ama at lolo ay mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malayang_taga-isip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malayang taga-isip (hindi pa naisusulat)">malayang taga-isip</a> at ang kanyang binyag at ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boarding_school&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boarding school (hindi pa naisusulat)">boarding school</a> ang <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-skool-19">[19]</a> Nang siya ay pumasok sa Cambrige upang maging tao ng simbahan (clergyman), hindi niya pinagdudahan ang literal na katotohanan sa <a href="/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dar57-24">[24]</a> Kanyang nalaman ang agham ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Herschel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Herschel (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Herschel</a>, na tulad ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teolohiyang_natural&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teolohiyang natural (hindi pa naisusulat)">teolohiyang natural</a> ni <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Paley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Paley (hindi pa naisusulat)">William Paley</a> ay naghanap ng mga paliwanag sa mga batas ng kalikasan kesa sa mga milagro at nakita ang <a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">pag-aangkop</a> ng espesye bilang isang ebidensiya ng disenyo.<a href="#cite_note-syd5-7-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-db-27">[27]</a> Habang nakasakay sa Beagle, si Darwin ay medyo <a href="/wiki/Ortodoksiya" class="mw-disambig" title="Ortodoksiya">ortodokso</a> at sisipi/quote ng Bibliya bilang isang autoridad sa <a href="/wiki/Moralidad" title="Moralidad">moralidad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-biorelig-132">[132]</a> Kanyang hinanap ang mga "sentro ng paglikha" upang ipaliwanag ang distribusyon at iniugnay ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antlion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antlion (hindi pa naisusulat)">antlion</a> na matatagpuan malapi sa mga <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kangaroo">kangaroo</a> sa mga natatanging "panahon ng Paglikha".<a href="#cite_note-Crows-50">[50]</a> Sa kanyang pagbabalik, siya ay naging kritiko ng <a href="/wiki/Bibliya" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> bilang isang kasaysayan at nagtaka kung bakit ang lahat ng mga relihiyon ay hindi dapat magkakatumbas na balido.<a href="#cite_note-biorelig-132">[132]</a> Sa mga sumunod na ilang taon habang masidhing nagpapalagay sa heolohiya at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transmutasyon_ng_espesye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transmutasyon ng espesye (hindi pa naisusulat)">transmutasyon ng espesye</a>, siya ay nagbigay ng labis na pag-iisip sa relihiyon at hayagang tinalakay ito kay Emma na ang mga paniniwala ay nagmula sa masidihing pag-aaral at pagtatanong.<a href="#cite_note-Belief-84">[84]</a> Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodosiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teodosiya (hindi pa naisusulat)">teodosiya</a> nina Paley at <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" title="Thomas Malthus">Malthus</a> ay nangatwiran sa mga kasamaan gaya ng <a href="/wiki/Pagkagutom" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagkagutom">pagkagutom</a> bilang isang resulta ng mga batas ng manlilikha na mabuti na may kabuuang mabuting epekto. Para kay Darwin, ang <a href="/wiki/Natural_na_seleksiyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural na seleksiyon">natural na seleksiyon</a> ay lumikha ng kabutihan ng <a href="/wiki/Pag-aangkop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pag-aangkop">pag-aangkop</a> ngunit kanyang inalis ang pangangailangan ng disenyo.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Hindi niya nakita ang gawa ng isang <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na makapangyarihan sa lahat sa lahat ng mga sakit at pagdurusa gaya ng isang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichneumon_wasp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichneumon wasp (hindi pa naisusulat)">ichneumon wasp</a> na nagpaparalisa ng isang <a href="/wiki/Higad" title="Higad">higad</a> bilang buhay na pagkain nito para sa mga itlog nito.<a href="#cite_note-miles-110">[110]</a> Kanya pa ring nakita ang mga organismo bilang sakdal na umangkop at ang <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a> ay nagrereplekta ng kanyang mga pananaw na teolohikal. Bagaman kanyang pinaniwalaan ang <a href="/wiki/Relihiyon" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> bilang isang stratehiyang pang-<a href="/wiki/Tribo" title="Tribo">tribo</a> ng pagpapatuloy, nag-atubili siyang iwaksi ang ideya ng <a href="/wiki/Deismo" title="Deismo">Diyos bilang isang huling tagabigay ng batas</a>. Siya ay patuloy na nabalisa sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_ng_kasamaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema ng kasamaan (hindi pa naisusulat)">problema ng kasamaan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Si Darwin ay nanatiling isang malapit na kaibigan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpetual_curate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpetual curate (hindi pa naisusulat)">vicar</a> ng Downe na si <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Brodie-Innes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Brodie-Innes (hindi pa naisusulat)">John Innes</a> at patuloy na gumampan ng isang pangunahing gawaing pang-parokya ng simbahan<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> ngunit noong 1849 ay naglalakad tuwing linggo habang ang kanyang pamilya ay nagsisimba.<a href="#cite_note-jvw41-131">[131]</a> Kanyang itinuring na "hangal na magduda na ang isang tao ay maging isang masigasig na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teista (hindi pa naisusulat)">teista</a> at isang ebolusyonista" <a href="#cite_note-Fordyce-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-spencer-138">[138]</a> at bagaman tahimik tungkol sa kanyang mga pananaw na relihiyoso, noong 1879 ay kanyang isinulat na "Hindi ako kailanman naging <a href="/wiki/Ateista" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateista">ateista</a> sa kahulugang pagtanggi sa pag-iral ng isang <a href="/wiki/Diyos" title="Diyos">Diyos</a>. - Sa tingin ko na sa pangkalahatan...ang <a href="/wiki/Agnostiko" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostiko">agnostiko</a> ay pinaka-tamang deskripsiyon ng aking katayuan ng pag-iisip."<a href="#cite_note-Belief-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fordyce-137">[137]</a> Ang "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Cotton,_Lady_Hope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Cotton, Lady Hope (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kuwentong Lady Hope</a>" na inilimbag noong 1915 ay nag-angkin na si Darwin ay bumalik sa Kristiyanismo habang nakalatay sa kama. Ang mga pag-aangking ito ay itinatwa ng mga anak ni Darwin at ito ay itinakwil bilang mali ng mga historyan.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Komemorasyon">Komemorasyon</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Komemorasyon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Komemorasyon">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Talaksan:Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg/220px-Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg/330px-Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg/440px-Charles_Darwin_statue_5661r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2567" data-file-height="3395" /></a><figcaption>Estatwa ni Charles Darwin sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_History_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural History Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Natural History Museum</a> sa London</figcaption></figure> Sa buong buhay ni Darwin, maraming mga katangiang heograpiko ay ipinangalan sa kanya. Kabilang dito ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin_Sound&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin Sound (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwin Sound</a> at <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> na naging kabiserang siyudad ng <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> ng Australia.<a href="#cite_note-NTDoPaI-140">[140]</a> Ang higit sa 120 espesye at 9 na henera ay ipinangalan sa kanya.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Ang isang halimbawa ang pangkat ng mga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanager&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanager (hindi pa naisusulat)">tanager</a> na nauugnay sa mga natagpuan ni Darwin sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_islang_Gal%C3%A1pagos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga islang Galápagos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga islang Galápagos</a> na sikat na nakilala bilang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mga_finch_ni_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mga finch ni Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga finch ni Darwin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Ang akda ni Darwin ay patuloy na ipinagdidiwang ng maraming mga publikasyon at mga pangyayari. Inalala ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Linnean_Society_of_London&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linnean Society of London (hindi pa naisusulat)">Linnean Society of London</a> ang mga nagawa ni Darwin sa pamamagitan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gantimpalang_Darwin-Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gantimpalang Darwin-Wallace (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gantimpalang Darwin-Wallace</a> simula 1908. Ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Araw_ni_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Araw ni Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Araw ni Darwin</a> ay naging taunang pagdiriwang ng iba't ibang mga pangkat at indibidwal at noong 2009 ay nagsaayos ng isang pagdiriwang ng ika-dalawaang daang taong kapanganakan ni Darwin at ang ika-150 anibersaryo ng paglilimbag ng <a href="/wiki/On_the_Origin_of_Species" title="On the Origin of Species">On the Origin of Species</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Si Darwin ay inalala rin sa United Kingdom na ang kanyang larawan ay nakalimbag sa kabaligtaran ng ng mga perang £10 kasama ng isang <a href="/wiki/Hummingbird" class="mw-redirect" title="Hummingbird">hummingbird</a> at ang <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Beagle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Beagle (hindi pa naisusulat)">HMS Beagle</a> na inisyu ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangko_ng_Inglatera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangko ng Inglatera (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bangko ng Inglatera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> Ang isang sukat ng buhay na estatwa ni Darwin ay makikita sa pangunahing bulwagan ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_History_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural History Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Natural History Museum</a> in London. <a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Mga sanggunian">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoyne,_Jerry_A.2009" class="citation book cs1">Coyne, Jerry A. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyevolutionistr00coyn">Why Evolution is True</a>. Viking. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyevolutionistr00coyn/page/8">8</a>–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-670-02053-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-670-02053-9"><bdi>978-0-670-02053-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Evolution+is+True&rft.pages=8-11&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02053-9&rft.au=Coyne%2C+Jerry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyevolutionistr00coyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Larson79-111-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Larson79-111_2-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLarson2004">Larson 2004</a>, pp. 79–111 </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Coyne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerry Coyne (hindi pa naisusulat)">Coyne, Jerry A.</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846">Why Evolution is True</a>. Oxford: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780199230846/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-19-923084-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-19-923084-6"><bdi>0-19-923084-6</bdi></a>. <q>In The Origin, Darwin provided an alternative hypothesis for the development, diversification, and design of life. Much of that book presents evidence that not only supports evolution but at the same time refutes creationism. In Darwin's day, the evidence for his theories was compelling but not completely decisive.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Evolution+is+True&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=0-19-923084-6&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=Jerry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780199230846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGlass1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Glass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bentley Glass (hindi pa naisusulat)">Glass, Bentley</a> (1959). Forerunners of Darwin. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. iv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8018-0222-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8018-0222-9"><bdi>0-8018-0222-9</bdi></a>. <q>Darwin's solution is a magnificent synthesis of evidence...a synthesis...compelling in honesty and comprehensiveness</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forerunners+of+Darwin&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pages=iv&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=0-8018-0222-9&rft.aulast=Glass&rft.aufirst=Bentley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-JvW-5">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-1">5.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-2">5.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-3">5.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-4">5.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-5">5.5</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JvW_5-6">5.6</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008">van Wyhe 2008</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-b3847-6">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-b3847_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b3847_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, pp. 178–179, 338, 347 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/biography.html">The Complete Works of Darwin Online – Biography.</a> darwin-online.org.uk. Retrieved on 2006-12-15 <a href="#CITEREFDobzhansky1973">Dobzhansky 1973</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> As Darwinian scholar Joseph Carroll of the University of Missouri–St. Louis puts it in his introduction to a modern reprint of Darwin's work: "The Origin of Species has special claims on our attention. It is one of the two or three most significant works of all time—one of those works that fundamentally and permanently alter our vision of the world...It is argued with a singularly rigorous consistency but it is also eloquent, imaginatively evocative, and rhetorically compelling." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll,_Joseph2003" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Joseph, pat. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onoriginofspecie0000darw_t8q4">On the origin of species by means of natural selection</a>. Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onoriginofspecie0000darw_t8q4/page/15">15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-55111-337-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-55111-337-6"><bdi>1-55111-337-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+origin+of+species+by+means+of+natural+selection&rft.place=Peterborough%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Broadview&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-55111-337-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonoriginofspecie0000darw_t8q4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-whowas-9"><a href="#cite_ref-whowas_9-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeff2000">Leff 2000</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/WhoWas.html">About Charles Darwin</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 210, 284–285 </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 263–274 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2007">van Wyhe 2007</a>, pp. 184, 187 </li> <li id="cite_note-Beddall1968-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Beddall1968_13-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBeddall1968" class="citation journal cs1">Beddall, Barbara G. (1968). "Wallace, Darwin, and the theory of natural selection". Journal of the History of Biology. 1 (2): 261–323. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00351923">10.1007/BF00351923</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-5010">0022-5010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Biology&rft.atitle=Wallace%2C+Darwin%2C+and+the+theory+of+natural+selection&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=261-323&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00351923&rft.issn=0022-5010&rft.aulast=Beddall&rft.aufirst=Barbara+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreeman1977">Freeman 1977</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-DarwinsBurial-15">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-DarwinsBurial_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-DarwinsBurial_15-1">15.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeff2000">Leff 2000</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutdarwin.com/darwin/burial.html">Darwin's Burial</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newscientist.com/special/darwin-200">"Special feature: Darwin 200"</a>. New Scientist. Nakuha noong 2 Abril 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Special+feature%3A+Darwin+200&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Fspecial%2Fdarwin-200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHart2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_H._Hart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael H. Hart (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hart, Michael H.</a> (2000). The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. New York: Citadel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-89104-175-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-89104-175-3"><bdi>0-89104-175-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100%3A+A+Ranking+of+the+Most+Influential+Persons+in+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Citadel&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-89104-175-3&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_H._Wahlert2001" class="citation web cs1">John H. Wahlert (11 Hunyo 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081206010149/http://darwin.baruch.cuny.edu/biography/shrewsbury/mount/">"The Mount House, Shrewsbury, England (Charles Darwin)"</a>. Darwin and Darwinism. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baruch_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baruch College (hindi pa naisusulat)">Baruch College</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin.baruch.cuny.edu/biography/shrewsbury/mount/">orihinal</a> noong 6 Disyembre 2008. Nakuha noong 26 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Darwin+and+Darwinism&rft.atitle=The+Mount+House%2C+Shrewsbury%2C+England+%28Charles+Darwin%29&rft.date=2001-06-11&rft.au=John+H.+Wahlert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin.baruch.cuny.edu%2Fbiography%2Fshrewsbury%2Fmount%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-skool-19">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-skool_19-0">19.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-skool_19-1">19.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 12–15 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=21">21–25</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-eddy-20"><a href="#cite_ref-eddy_20-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=48">47–51</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 72–88 </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 42–43 </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 47–48, 89–91 </li> <li id="cite_note-dar57-24">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-dar57_24-0">24.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dar57_24-1">24.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=59">57–67</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, p. 97 </li> <li id="cite_note-syd5-7-26">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-syd5-7_26-0">26.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-syd5-7_26-1">26.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFvon_Sydow2005">von Sydow 2005</a>, pp. 5–7 </li> <li id="cite_note-db-27">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-db_27-0">27.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-db_27-1">27.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=69">67–68</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 128–129, 133–141 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-105.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 105 – Henslow, J. S. to Darwin, C. R., 24 Agosto 1831"</a>. Nakuha noong 29 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+105+%E2%80%93+Henslow%2C+J.+S.+to+Darwin%2C+C.+R.%2C+24+Agosto+1831&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-105.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 94–97 </li> <li id="cite_note-kix-30">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-kix_30-0">30.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kix_30-1">30.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2000">Keynes 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1840&pageseq=12">ix–xi</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b">van Wyhe 2008b</a>, pp. 18–21 </li> <li id="cite_note-fnGal-32"><a href="#cite_ref-fnGal_32-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_ChancellorRandal_Keynes2006" class="citation web cs1">Gordon Chancellor; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Randal_Keynes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Randal Keynes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Randal Keynes</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Chancellor_Keynes_Galapagos.html">"Darwin's field notes on the Galapagos: 'A little world within itself'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darwin_Online&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darwin Online (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwin Online</a>. Nakuha noong 16 Setyembre 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin%27s+field+notes+on+the+Galapagos%3A+%27A+little+world+within+itself%27&rft.pub=Darwin+Online&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Gordon+Chancellor&rft.au=Randal+Keynes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FChancellor_Keynes_Galapagos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-plankton-33"><a href="#cite_ref-plankton_33-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1925&viewtype=text&pageseq=53">21–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 183–190 </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=73">41–42</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=75">73–74</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 223–235 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1835">Darwin 1835</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1&viewtype=text&pageseq=7">7</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, p. 210 </li> <li id="cite_note-k206-38">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-k206_38-0">38.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-k206_38-1">38.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=138">206–209</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 189–192, 198 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEldredge2006">Eldredge 2006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 131, 159 <a href="#CITEREFHerbert1991">Herbert 1991</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A342&pageseq=16">174–179</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-HurrahChiloe-42"><a href="#cite_ref-HurrahChiloe_42-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Chancellor_fieldNotebooks1.8.html">"Darwin Online: 'Hurrah Chiloe': an introduction to the Port Desire Notebook"</a>. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Online%3A+%27Hurrah+Chiloe%27%3A+an+introduction+to+the+Port+Desire+Notebook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FChancellor_fieldNotebooks1.8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1845">Darwin 1845</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F14&viewtype=text&pageseq=218">205–208</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 244–250 </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=258">226–227</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 160–168, 182 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1887">Darwin 1887</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1452.1&viewtype=text&pageseq=278">260</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-atolls-47">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-atolls_47-0">47.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-atolls_47-1">47.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1497&viewtype=text&pageseq=100">p 98–99</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-k356-48"><a href="#cite_ref-k356_48-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=388">356–357</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSulloway1982">Sulloway 1982</a>, p. 19 </li> <li id="cite_note-Crows-50">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Crows_50-0">50.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crows_50-1">50.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Chancellor_fieldNotebooks1.3.html">"Darwin Online: Coccatoos & Crows: An introduction to the Sydney Notebook"</a>. Nakuha noong 2 Enero 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Online%3A+Coccatoos+%26+Crows%3A+An+introduction+to+the+Sydney+Notebook&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FChancellor_fieldNotebooks1.3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=430">398–399</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter301-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Letter301_52-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-301.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 301 – Darwin, C.R. to Darwin, C.S., 29 Abril 1836"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+301+%E2%80%93+Darwin%2C+C.R.+to+Darwin%2C+C.S.%2C+29+Abril+1836&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-301.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, p. 336 </li> <li id="cite_note-Rascals-54">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Rascals_54-0">54.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rascals_54-1">54.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2007">van Wyhe 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=21">197</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-xix-55"><a href="#cite_ref-xix_55-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2000">Keynes 2000</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1840&pageseq=22">xix–xx</a> <a href="#CITEREFEldredge2006">Eldredge 2006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=16">p. 1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1835">Darwin 1835</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LettersOnGeology.html">editorial introduction</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 195–198 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFOwen1840">Owen 1840</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=26">16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=83">73</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F9.1&pageseq=116">106</a> <a href="#CITEREFEldredge2006">Eldredge 2006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 201–205 <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 349–350 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 345–347 </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 207–210 <a href="#CITEREFSulloway1982">Sulloway 1982</a>, pp. 20–23 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-346.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 346 – Darwin, C. R. to Darwin, C. S., 27 Pebrero 1837"</a>. Nakuha noong 19 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+346+%E2%80%93+Darwin%2C+C.+R.+to+Darwin%2C+C.+S.%2C+27+Pebrero+1837&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-346.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) proposes a move on Friday 3 Marso 1837, Darwin's Journal (<a href="#CITEREFDarwin2006">Darwin 2006</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR158.1–76&pageseq=22">12 verso</a>) backdated from Agosto 1838 gives a date of 6 Marso 1837 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 201, 212–221 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSulloway1982">Sulloway 1982</a>, pp. 9, 20–23 </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, p. 360 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1643&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">"Darwin, C. R. (Read 14 Marso 1837) Notes on Rhea americana and Rhea darwinii, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London"</a>. Nakuha noong 17 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin%2C+C.+R.+%28Read+14+Marso+1837%29+Notes+on+Rhea+americana+and+Rhea+darwinii%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Zoological+Society+of+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF1643%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFHerbert1980">Herbert 1980</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1583e&pageseq=9">7–10</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b">van Wyhe 2008b</a>, p. 44 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1837">Darwin 1837</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1">1–13, 26, 36, 74</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 229–232 </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-UK-68"><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-UK_68-0">↑</a> UK <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retail_Price_Index&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retail Price Index (hindi pa naisusulat)">Retail Price Index</a> inflation figures are based on data from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFClark2017" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Gregory (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://measuringworth.com/ukearncpi/">"The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)"</a>. MeasuringWorth. Nakuha noong Enero 27, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MeasuringWorth&rft.atitle=The+Annual+RPI+and+Average+Earnings+for+Britain%2C+1209+to+Present+%28New+Series%29&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeasuringworth.com%2Fukearncpi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 367–369 </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKeynes2001">Keynes 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1925&pageseq=21">xix</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 233–234 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-404.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 404 – Buckland, William to Geological Society of London, 9 Marso 1838"</a>. Nakuha noong 23 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+404+%E2%80%93+Buckland%2C+William+to+Geological+Society+of+London%2C+9+Marso+1838&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 233–236. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 241–244, 426 </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, p. xii </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 241–244 </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 252, 476, 531 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=119">115</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, p. 254 <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 377–378 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=86">84</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1497&viewtype=text&pageseq=238">232–233</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 256–259 </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1497&pageseq=124">120</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 264–265 <a href="#CITEREFBrowne1995">Browne 1995</a>, pp. 385–388 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1842">Darwin 1842</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1556&viewtype=text&pageseq=39">7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=CUL-DAR124.-&pageseq=63">"Darwin transmutation notebook E p. 75"</a>. Nakuha noong 17 Marso 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+transmutation+notebook+E+p.+75&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR124.-%26pageseq%3D63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=CUL-DAR124.-&pageseq=61">"Darwin transmutation notebook E p. 71"</a>. Nakuha noong 17 Marso 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+transmutation+notebook+E+p.+71&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR124.-%26pageseq%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Belief-84">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Belief_84-0">84.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belief_84-1">84.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belief_84-2">84.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/130/125/">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Belief: historical essay"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225124103/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/130/125/">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2009-02-25. Nakuha noong 25 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Belief%3A+historical+essay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F130%2F125%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 272–279 </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, p. 279 </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_MaullandPolyblankPhoto.html">Darwin Online: Photograph of Charles Darwin by Maull and Polyblank for the Literary and Scientific Portrait Club (1855)</a>, John van Wyhe, Disyembre 2006 </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 412–441, 457–458, 462–463 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> Ball, P. (2011). Shipping timetables debunk Darwin plagiarism accusations: Evidence challenges claims that Charles Darwin stole ideas from Alfred Russel Wallace. Nature. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/shipping-timetables-debunk-darwin-plagiarism-accusations-1.9613">online</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a> J. van Wyhe and K. Rookmaaker. (2012). A new theory to explain the receipt of Wallace's Ternate Essay by Darwin in 1858. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01808.x </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 466–470 </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 40–42, 48–49 </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1497&viewtype=text&pageseq=126">122</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 374–474 </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, p. 477 </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=477">p 459</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=506">p 490</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=20">p 5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=508">p 492</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-b373-100">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-b373_100-0">100.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b373_100-1">100.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 373–379 </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b">van Wyhe 2008b</a>, p. 48 </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 103–104, 379 </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1859">Darwin 1859</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F373&pageseq=506">488</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, p. 87 <a href="#CITEREFLeifchild1859">Leifchild 1859</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 477–491 </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 110–112 </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, p. 186 </li> <li id="cite_note-Darwinanddesign-108">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Darwinanddesign_108-0">108.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darwinanddesign_108-1">108.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darwinanddesign_108-2">108.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Darwinanddesign_108-3">108.3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/110/104/">"Darwin and design: historical essay"</a>. Darwin Correspondence Project. 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615191012/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/110/104/">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2009-06-15. Nakuha noong 17 Setyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+and+design%3A+historical+essay&rft.pub=Darwin+Correspondence+Project&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F110%2F104%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 487–488, 500 </li> <li id="cite_note-miles-110">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-miles_110-0">110.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-miles_110-1">110.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFMiles2001">Miles 2001</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, p. 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 156–159 </li> <li id="cite_note-B217-113">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-B217_113-0">113.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-B217_113-1">113.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 217–226 </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-4652.html">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 4652 – Falconer, Hugh to Darwin, C. R., 3 Nov (1864)"</a>. Nakuha noong 1 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+4652+%E2%80%93+Falconer%2C+Hugh+to+Darwin%2C+C.+R.%2C+3+Nov+%281864%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-4652.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Letter4807-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Letter4807_115-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-4807.html#mark-4807.f8">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Letter 4807 – Hooker, J. D. to Darwin, C. R., (7–8 Abril 1865)"</a>. Nakuha noong 1 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Letter+4807+%E2%80%93+Hooker%2C+J.+D.+to+Darwin%2C+C.+R.%2C+%287%E2%80%938+Abril+1865%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwinletters%2Fcalendar%2Fentry-4807.html%23mark-4807.f8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, p. 196 </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 507–508 <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 128–129, 138 </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b">van Wyhe 2008b</a>, pp. 50–55 </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/32/38/">Darwin Correspondence Project: Introduction to the Correspondence of Charles Darwin, Volume 14.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005442/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/content/view/32/38/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2008-12-07 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on 28 Nobyembre 2008 </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSmith1999">Smith 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFreeman1977">Freeman 1977</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A1&pageseq=123">122</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1871">Darwin 1871</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F937.2&pageseq=402">385–405</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 339–343 </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrowne2002">Browne 2002</a>, pp. 359–369 <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1887">Darwin 1887</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1452.3&pageseq=145">133</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1871">Darwin 1871</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F937.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=422">405</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin,_Emma1882" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emma_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emma Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwin, Emma</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR210.9&pageseq=16">"[Reminiscences of Charles Darwin's last years.] CUL-DAR210.9"</a>. Nakuha noong 8 Enero 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BReminiscences+of+Charles+Darwin%27s+last+years.%5D+CUL-DAR210.9&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Darwin%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dside%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR210.9%26pageseq%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDesmondMoore1991">Desmond & Moore 1991</a>, pp. 664–677 </li> <li id="cite_note-b222-127"><a href="#cite_ref-b222_127-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBowler2003">Bowler 2003</a>, pp. 222–225 <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008">van Wyhe 2008</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1872">Darwin 1872</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F391&pageseq=449">421</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/trackdoc.asp?id=4274&pId=1727">"List of Fellows of the Royal Society / 1660–2006 / A-J"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609050919/http://royalsociety.org/trackdoc.asp?id=4274&pId=1727">Inarkibo</a> mula sa orihinal noong 2008-06-09. Nakuha noong 16 Setyembre 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Fellows+of+the+Royal+Society+%2F+1660%E2%80%932006+%2F+A-J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Ftrackdoc.asp%3Fid%3D4274%26pId%3D1727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._O%27Connor_(matematiko)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. O'Connor (matematiko) (hindi pa naisusulat)">O'Connor, John J.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_F._Robertson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund F. Robertson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Robertson, Edmund F.</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Darwin.html">"Charles Darwin"</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arkibo_ng_Kasaysayan_ng_Matematika_ng_MacTutor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arkibo ng Kasaysayan ng Matematika ng MacTutor (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arkibo ng Kasaysayan ng Matematika ng MacTutor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamantasan_ng_San_Andres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pamantasan ng San Andres (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pamantasan ng San Andres</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles+Darwin&rft.btitle=Arkibo+ng+Kasaysayan+ng+Matematika+ng+MacTutor&rft.pub=Pamantasan+ng+San+Andres&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FDarwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988">. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">↑</a> Edwards, A. W. F. 2004. Darwin, Leonard (1850–1943). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press. </li> <li id="cite_note-jvw41-131">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-jvw41_131-0">131.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jvw41_131-1">131.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b">van Wyhe 2008b</a>, p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-biorelig-132">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-biorelig_132-0">132.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-biorelig_132-1">132.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFDarwin1958">Darwin 1958</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1497&viewtype=side&pageseq=87">85–96</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvon_Sydow2005">von Sydow 2005</a>, pp. 8–14 </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFvon_Sydow2005">von Sydow 2005</a>, pp. 4–5, 12–14 </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2006">Moore 2006</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007064257/http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-and-the-church-article">"Darwin Correspondence Project – Darwin and the church: historical essay"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwin-and-the-church-article">orihinal</a> noong 2010-10-07. Nakuha noong 4 Enero 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin+Correspondence+Project+%E2%80%93+Darwin+and+the+church%3A+historical+essay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinproject.ac.uk%2Fdarwin-and-the-church-article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Fordyce-137">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Fordyce_137-0">137.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fordyce_137-1">137.1</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-12041.html">Letter 12041</a> – Darwin, C. R. to Fordyce, John, 7 Mayo 1879 </li> <li id="cite_note-spencer-138"><a href="#cite_ref-spencer_138-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2009/sep/17/darwin-evolution-religion">Darwin's Complex loss of Faith</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> 17-Sept-2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoore2005">Moore 2005</a> <a href="#CITEREFYates2003">Yates 2003</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-NTDoPaI-140"><a href="#cite_ref-NTDoPaI_140-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060918153343/http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au/whatwedo/landinformation/place/origins/palmdarwin.html">"Territory origins"</a>. Northern Territory Department of Planning and Infrastructure, Australia. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipe.nt.gov.au/whatwedo/landinformation/place/origins/palmdarwin.html">orihinal</a> noong 2006-09-18. Nakuha noong 15 Disyembre 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Territory+origins&rft.pub=Northern+Territory+Department+of+Planning+and+Infrastructure%2C+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipe.nt.gov.au%2Fwhatwedo%2Flandinformation%2Fplace%2Forigins%2Fpalmdarwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090528033253/http://darwinfacts.com/">"Charles Darwin 200 years – Things you didn't know about Charles Darwin"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinfacts.com/">orihinal</a> noong 28 Mayo 2009. Nakuha noong 23 Mayo 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin+200+years+%E2%80%93+Things+you+didn%27t+know+about+Charles+Darwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwinfacts.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSulloway1982">Sulloway 1982</a>, pp. 45–47 </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFShapin2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Shapin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Shapin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shapin, Steven</a> (7 Enero 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v32/n01/steven-shapin/the-darwin-show">"The Darwin Show"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Review_of_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Review of Books (hindi pa naisusulat)">London Review of Books</a>. Nakuha noong 25 Enero 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Darwin+Show&rft.date=2010-01-07&rft.aulast=Shapin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv32%2Fn01%2Fsteven-shapin%2Fthe-darwin-show&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050525230931/http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/current/current_10.htm">"Bank of England – Current Banknotes – £10 – Design Features"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bank_of_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bank of England (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bank of England</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/banknotes/current/current_10.htm">orihinal</a> noong 25 Mayo 2005. Nakuha noong 15 Marso 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bank+of+England+%E2%80%93+Current+Banknotes+%E2%80%93+%C2%A310+%E2%80%93+Design+Features&rft.pub=Bank+of+England&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bankofengland.co.uk%2Fbanknotes%2Fcurrent%2Fcurrent_10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">|archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#archive_date_url_ts_mismatch" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2008/may/darwins-statue-on-the-move13846.html">"Darwin's statue on the move"</a>. Natural History Museum. 23 Mayo 2008. Nakuha noong 7 Pebrero 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin%27s+statue+on+the+move&rft.pub=Natural+History+Museum&rft.date=2008-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhm.ac.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fnews%2F2008%2Fmay%2Fdarwins-statue-on-the-move13846.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_pinagkuhaan">Mga pinagkuhaan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga pinagkuhaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Mga pinagkuhaan">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121725">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1882" class="citation news cs1">Anonymous (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0212.html">"Obituary: Death Of Chas. Darwin"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_York_Times&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The New York Times (hindi pa naisusulat)">The New York Times</a>. Blg. 21 Abril 1882. Nakuha noong 30 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Death+Of+Chas.+Darwin&rft.issue=21+Abril+1882&rft.date=1882&rft.au=Anonymous&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F0212.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBalfour1882" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hutton_Balfour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hutton Balfour (hindi pa naisusulat)">Balfour, J. H.</a> (1882). <a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikisource.org/wiki/Transactions_%26_Proceedings_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_Edinburgh/Obituary_Notice_of_Charles_Robert_Darwin">"Obituary Notice of Charles Robert Darwin" </a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transactions_%26_Proceedings_of_the_Botanical_Society_of_Edinburgh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh (hindi pa naisusulat)">Transactions & Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh</a> (14): 284–298.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+%26+Proceedings+of+the+Botanical+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Obituary+Notice+of+Charles+Robert+Darwin&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=284-298&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Balfour&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBannister1989" class="citation book cs1">Bannister, Robert C. (1989). Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-87722-566-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-87722-566-4"><bdi>0-87722-566-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Darwinism%3A+Science+and+Myth+in+Anglo-American+Social+Thought.&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-87722-566-4&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBowler2003" class="citation book cs1">Bowler, Peter J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8">Evolution: The History of an Idea</a> (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-520-23693-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-520-23693-9"><bdi>0-520-23693-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution%3A+The+History+of+an+Idea&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-520-23693-9&rft.aulast=Bowler&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionhistory0000bowl_n7y8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Janet_Browne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Janet Browne (hindi pa naisusulat)">Browne, E. Janet</a> (1995). Charles Darwin: vol. 1 Voyaging. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-84413-314-1" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-84413-314-1"><bdi>1-84413-314-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin%3A+vol.+1+Voyaging&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1-84413-314-1&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=E.+Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBrowne2002" class="citation book cs1">Browne, E. Janet (2002). Charles Darwin: vol. 2 The Power of Place. London: Jonathan Cape. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7126-6837-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7126-6837-3"><bdi>0-7126-6837-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin%3A+vol.+2+The+Power+of+Place&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Jonathan+Cape&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7126-6837-3&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=E.+Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1835" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Extracts from letters to Professor Henslow</a>. Cambridge: [privately printed]. Nakuha noong 1 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extracts+from+letters+to+Professor+Henslow&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=%5Bprivately+printed%5D&rft.date=1835&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF1%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1837" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=side&itemID=CUL-DAR121.-&pageseq=1">Notebook B: (Transmutation of species)</a>. Darwin Online. CUL-DAR121. Nakuha noong 20 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notebook+B%3A+%28Transmutation+of+species%29&rft.pub=Darwin+Online&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dside%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR121.-%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1839" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.3&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Journal and remarks. 1832–1836</a>. Bol. III. London: Henry Colburn. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+surveying+voyages+of+His+Majesty%27s+Ships+Adventure+and+Beagle+between+the+years+1826+and+1836%2C+describing+their+examination+of+the+southern+shores+of+South+America%2C+and+the+Beagle%27s+circumnavigation+of+the+globe.+Journal+and+remarks.+1832%E2%80%931836.&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF10.3%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1842" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1556&pageseq=33">"Pencil Sketch of 1842"</a>. Sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwin, Francis</a> (pat.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1556&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">The foundations of The origin of species: Two essays written in 1842 and 1844</a>. Cambridge University Press (nilathala 1909). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-548-79998-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-548-79998-9"><bdi>0-548-79998-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pencil+Sketch+of+1842&rft.btitle=The+foundations+of+The+origin+of+species%3A+Two+essays+written+in+1842+and+1844.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1842&rft.isbn=0-548-79998-9&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DF1556%26pageseq%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1845" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1845). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F20&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world, under the Command of Capt. Fitz Roy, R.N. 2d edition</a>. London: John Murray. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+researches+into+the+natural+history+and+geology+of+the+countries+visited+during+the+voyage+of+H.M.S.+Beagle+round+the+world%2C+under+the+Command+of+Capt.+Fitz+Roy%2C+R.N.+2d+edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1845&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF20%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwinWallace1858" class="citation journal cs1">Darwin, Charles; <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Wallace, Alfred Russel</a> (1858). "<a href="/w/index.php?title=On_the_Tendency_of_Species_to_form_Varieties;_and_on_the_Perpetuation_of_Varieties_and_Species_by_Natural_Means_of_Selection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (hindi pa naisusulat)">On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection</a>". Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 3: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darwin-wallace-1858-journalofproceed-00linn/page/46">46</a>–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x">10.1111/j.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Proceedings+of+the+Linnean+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=On+the+Tendency+of+Species+to+form+Varieties%3B+and+on+the+Perpetuation+of+Varieties+and+Species+by+Natural+Means+of+Selection&rft.pages=46-50&rft.date=1858&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.1858.tb02500.x&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Alfred+Russel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1859" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F373&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life</a> (ika-1st (na) edisyon). London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-4353-9386-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-4353-9386-4"><bdi>1-4353-9386-4</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+Species+by+Means+of+Natural+Selection%2C+or+the+Preservation+of+Favoured+Races+in+the+Struggle+for+Life&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1859&rft.isbn=1-4353-9386-4&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF373%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1868" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F880.1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">The variation of animals and plants under domestication</a>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-4191-8660-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-4191-8660-4"><bdi>1-4191-8660-4</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 1 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+variation+of+animals+and+plants+under+domestication&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1868&rft.isbn=1-4191-8660-4&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF880.1%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1871" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_TheDescentofMan.html">The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex</a> (ika-1st (na) edisyon). London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-8014-2085-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-8014-2085-7"><bdi>0-8014-2085-7</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Descent+of+Man%2C+and+Selection+in+Relation+to+Sex&rft.place=London&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1871&rft.isbn=0-8014-2085-7&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FFreeman_TheDescentofMan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1872" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1872). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F391&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life</a> (ika-6th (na) edisyon). London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-4353-9386-4" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-4353-9386-4"><bdi>1-4353-9386-4</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 1 Nobyembre 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origin+of+Species+by+Means+of+Natural+Selection%2C+or+the+Preservation+of+Favoured+Races+in+the+Struggle+for+Life&rft.place=London&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1872&rft.isbn=1-4353-9386-4&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF391%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1887" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1887). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">Darwin, Francis</a> (pat.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/Freeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html">The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter</a>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-404-08417-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-404-08417-6"><bdi>0-404-08417-6</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 4 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+life+and+letters+of+Charles+Darwin%2C+including+an+autobiographical+chapter&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1887&rft.isbn=0-404-08417-6&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2FEditorialIntroductions%2FFreeman_LifeandLettersandAutobiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin1958" class="citation book cs1">Darwin, Charles (1958). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nora_Barlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nora Barlow (hindi pa naisusulat)">Barlow, Nora</a> (pat.). <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Autobiography_of_Charles_Darwin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Autobiography of Charles Darwin (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Autobiography of Charles Darwin</a> 1809–1882. With the original omissions restored. Edited and with appendix and notes by his granddaughter Nora Barlow. London: Collins.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+Charles+Darwin+1809%E2%80%931882.+With+the+original+omissions+restored.+Edited+and+with+appendix+and+notes+by+his+granddaughter+Nora+Barlow&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Collins&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">|url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#accessdate_missing_url" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDarwin2006" class="citation web cs1">Darwin, Charles (2006). van Wyhe, John (pat.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/EditorialIntroductions/vanWyhe_JournalDAR158.html">"Darwin's personal 'Journal' (1809–1881)"</a>. Darwin Online. CUL-DAR158.1–76. Nakuha noong 20 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Darwin%27s+personal+%27Journal%27+%281809%E2%80%931881%29&rft.pub=Darwin+Online&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Darwin&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dside%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR158.1-76%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|contribution=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#chapter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDesmondMoore1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Desmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Desmond (hindi pa naisusulat)">Desmond, Adrian</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Moore_(biographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Moore (biographer) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moore, James</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darwin0000desm">Darwin</a>. London: Michael Joseph, Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7181-3430-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7181-3430-3"><bdi>0-7181-3430-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwin&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Michael+Joseph%2C+Penguin+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-7181-3430-3&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Moore%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdarwin0000desm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDesmondMooreBrowne2004" class="citation book cs1">Desmond, Adrian; <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Moore_(biographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Moore (biographer) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moore, James</a>; Browne, Janet (2004). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7176">10.1093/ref:odnb/7176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F7176&rft.aulast=Desmond&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft.au=Moore%2C+James&rft.au=Browne%2C+Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFDobzhansky1973" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodosius_Dobzhansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dobzhansky, Theodosius</a> (Marso 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.2think.org/dobzhansky.shtml">"Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution"</a>. The American Biology Teacher. 35: 125–129. Nakuha noong 4 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Biology+Teacher&rft.atitle=Nothing+in+Biology+Makes+Sense+Except+in+the+Light+of+Evolution&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=125-129&rft.date=1973-03&rft.aulast=Dobzhansky&rft.aufirst=Theodosius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.2think.org%2Fdobzhansky.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFEldredge2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niles_Eldredge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niles Eldredge (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eldredge, Niles</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110620/http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/">"Confessions of a Darwinist"</a>. The Virginia Quarterly Review (Spring 2006): 32–53. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vqronline.org/articles/2006/spring/eldredge-confessions-darwinist/">orihinal</a> noong 2013-12-24. Nakuha noong 4 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Virginia+Quarterly+Review&rft.atitle=Confessions+of+a+Darwinist&rft.issue=Spring+2006&rft.pages=32-53&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Eldredge&rft.aufirst=Niles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vqronline.org%2Farticles%2F2006%2Fspring%2Feldredge-confessions-darwinist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFitzRoy1839" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Fitzroy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Fitzroy (hindi pa naisusulat)">FitzRoy, Robert</a> (1839). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F10.2&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, Volume II</a>. London: Henry Colburn. Nakuha noong 4 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voyages+of+the+Adventure+and+Beagle%2C+Volume+II&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Henry+Colburn&rft.date=1839&rft.aulast=FitzRoy&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF10.2%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._B._Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="R. B. Freeman (hindi pa naisusulat)">Freeman, R. B.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=A1&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">The Works of Charles Darwin: An Annotated Bibliographical Handlist</a>. Folkestone: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-208-01658-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-208-01658-9"><bdi>0-208-01658-9</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 4 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+Charles+Darwin%3A+An+Annotated+Bibliographical+Handlist&rft.place=Folkestone&rft.pub=Wm+Dawson+%26+Sons+Ltd&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-208-01658-9&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=R.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DA1%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHart2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_H._Hart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael H. Hart (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hart, Michael H.</a> (2000). The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History. New York: Citadel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-89104-175-3" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-89104-175-3"><bdi>0-89104-175-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+100%3A+A+Ranking+of+the+Most+Influential+Persons+in+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Citadel&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-89104-175-3&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert1980" class="citation journal cs1">Herbert, Sandra (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1583e&pageseq=1">"The red notebook of Charles Darwin"</a>. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Historical Series (7 (24 April)): 1–164. Nakuha noong 11 Enero 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+British+Museum+%28Natural+History%29&rft.atitle=The+red+notebook+of+Charles+Darwin&rft.issue=7+%2824+April%29&rft.pages=1-164&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DF1583e%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert1991" class="citation journal cs1">Herbert, Sandra (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A342&pageseq=1">"Charles Darwin as a prospective geological author"</a>. British Journal for the History of Science (24): 159–192. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+for+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Charles+Darwin+as+a+prospective+geological+author&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=159-192&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Herbert&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DA342%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKeynes2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Keynes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Keynes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Keynes, Richard</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1840&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Charles Darwin's zoology notes & specimen lists from H.M.S. Beagle</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-521-46569-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-521-46569-9"><bdi>0-521-46569-9</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin%27s+zoology+notes+%26+specimen+lists+from+H.M.S.+Beagle.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-46569-9&rft.aulast=Keynes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF1840%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKeynes2001" class="citation book cs1">Keynes, Richard (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?itemID=F1925&viewtype=text&pageseq=1">Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-521-23503-0" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-521-23503-0"><bdi>0-521-23503-0</bdi></a>. Nakuha noong 24 Oktubre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin%27s+Beagle+Diary&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-521-23503-0&rft.aulast=Keynes&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3FitemID%3DF1925%26viewtype%3Dtext%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKotzin2004" class="citation web cs1">Kotzin, Daniel (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719072856/http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html">"Point-Counterpoint: Social Darwinism"</a>. Columbia American History Online. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caho-test.cc.columbia.edu/pcp/14008.html">orihinal</a> noong 2011-07-19. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Point-Counterpoint%3A+Social+Darwinism&rft.pub=Columbia+American+History+Online&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Kotzin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaho-test.cc.columbia.edu%2Fpcp%2F14008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLarson2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Larson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Larson (hindi pa naisusulat)">Larson, Edward J.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka0000lars">Evolution: The Remarkable History of a Scientific Theory</a>. Modern Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-679-64288-9" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-679-64288-9"><bdi>0-679-64288-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Evolution%3A+The+Remarkable+History+of+a+Scientific+Theory&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-679-64288-9&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Edward+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionremarka0000lars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLeff2000" class="citation web cs1">Leff, David (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130828111301/http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html">"AboutDarwin.com"</a> (ika-2000–2008 (na) edisyon). Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aboutdarwin.com/index.html">orihinal</a> noong 28 Agosto 2013. Nakuha noong 30 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AboutDarwin.com&rft.edition=2000%E2%80%932008&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Leff&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aboutdarwin.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFLeifchild1859" class="citation journal cs1">Leifchild (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=image&itemID=CUL-DAR226.1.8&pageseq=1">"Review of `Origin'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Athenaeum_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athenaeum (magazine) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Athenaeum</a> (1673). Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Athenaeum&rft.atitle=Review+of+%60Origin%27&rft.issue=1673&rft.date=1859&rft.au=Leifchild&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dimage%26itemID%3DCUL-DAR226.1.8%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|month=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2001" class="citation journal cs1">Miles, Sara Joan (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asa3.org/ASA/PSCF/2001/PSCF9-01Miles.html">"Charles Darwin and Asa Gray Discuss Teleology and Design"</a>. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith. 53: 196–201. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+on+Science+and+Christian+Faith&rft.atitle=Charles+Darwin+and+Asa+Gray+Discuss+Teleology+and+Design&rft.volume=53&rft.pages=196-201&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Sara+Joan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asa3.org%2FASA%2FPSCF%2F2001%2FPSCF9-01Miles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Moore_(biographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Moore (biographer) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Moore, James</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227014518/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf">"Darwin – A 'Devil's Chaplain'?"</a> (PDF). American Public Media. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/moore-devilschaplain.pdf">orihinal</a> (PDF) noong 2008-02-27. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Darwin+%E2%80%93+A+%27Devil%27s+Chaplain%27%3F&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspeakingoffaith.publicradio.org%2Fprograms%2Fdarwin%2Fmoore-devilschaplain.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2006" class="citation news cs1">Moore, James (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081222020720/http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml">"Evolution and Wonder – Understanding Charles Darwin"</a>. Speaking of Faith (Radio Program). American Public Media. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speakingoffaith.publicradio.org/programs/darwin/transcript.shtml">orihinal</a> noong 2008-12-22. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evolution+and+Wonder+%E2%80%93+Understanding+Charles+Darwin&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspeakingoffaith.publicradio.org%2Fprograms%2Fdarwin%2Ftranscript.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_news" title="Padron:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFOwen1840" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen, Richard</a> (1840). Darwin, C. R. (pat.). Fossil Mammalia Part 1. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. London: Smith Elder and Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fossil+Mammalia+Part+1&rft.place=London&rft.series=The+zoology+of+the+voyage+of+H.M.S.+Beagle&rft.pub=Smith+Elder+and+Co&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Owen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2003" class="citation journal cs1">Paul, Diane B. (2003). Hodge, Jonathan; Radick, Gregory (mga pat.). "The Cambridge Companion to Darwin". Cambridge University Press: 214–239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-521-77730-5" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-521-77730-5"><bdi>0-521-77730-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Darwin&rft.pages=214-239&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-521-77730-5&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Diane+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); <code class="cs1-code">|contribution=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#chapter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>); Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1999" class="citation web cs1">Smith, Charles H. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205020823/http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm">"Alfred Russel Wallace on Spiritualism, Man, and Evolution: An Analytical Essay"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wku.edu/~smithch/essays/ARWPAMPH.htm">orihinal</a> noong 5 Disyembre 2008. Nakuha noong 7 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alfred+Russel+Wallace+on+Spiritualism%2C+Man%2C+and+Evolution%3A+An+Analytical+Essay&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wku.edu%2F~smithch%2Fessays%2FARWPAMPH.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSulloway1982" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Sulloway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Sulloway (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulloway, Frank J.</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sulloway.org/Finches.pdf">"Darwin and His Finches: The Evolution of a Legend"</a> (PDF). Journal of the History of Biology. 15 (1): 1–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00132004">10.1007/BF00132004</a>. Nakuha noong 9 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Biology&rft.atitle=Darwin+and+His+Finches%3A+The+Evolution+of+a+Legend&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-53&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00132004&rft.aulast=Sulloway&rft.aufirst=Frank+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sulloway.org%2FFinches.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSweet2004" class="citation web cs1">Sweet, William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/spencer/">"Herbert Spencer"</a>. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Nakuha noong 16 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herbert+Spencer&rft.pub=Internet+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iep.utm.edu%2Fspencer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins1997" class="citation web cs1">Wilkins, John S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil/social.html">"Evolution and Philosophy: Does evolution make might right?"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=TalkOrigins_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TalkOrigins Archive (hindi pa naisusulat)">TalkOrigins Archive</a>. Nakuha noong 22 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Evolution+and+Philosophy%3A+Does+evolution+make+might+right%3F&rft.pub=TalkOrigins+Archive&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talkorigins.org%2Ffaqs%2Fevolphil%2Fsocial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins2008" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, John S. (2008). "Darwin". Sa Tucker, Aviezer (pat.). A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography. Blackwell Companions to Philosophy. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 405–415. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/1-4051-4908-6" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/1-4051-4908-6"><bdi>1-4051-4908-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Darwin&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Philosophy+of+History+and+Historiography&rft.place=Chichester&rft.series=Blackwell+Companions+to+Philosophy&rft.pages=405-415&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=1-4051-4908-6&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=John+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Wyhe2007" class="citation journal cs1">van Wyhe, John (27 Marso 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=A544&pageseq=1">"Mind the gap: Did Darwin avoid publishing his theory for many years?"</a>. Notes and Records of the Royal Society. 61 (2): 177–205. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2006.0171">10.1098/rsnr.2006.0171</a>. Nakuha noong 7 Pebrero 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society&rft.atitle=Mind+the+gap%3A+Did+Darwin+avoid+publishing+his+theory+for+many+years%3F&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=177-205&rft.date=2007-03-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2006.0171&rft.aulast=van+Wyhe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fcontent%2Fframeset%3Fviewtype%3Dtext%26itemID%3DA544%26pageseq%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008" class="citation web cs1">van Wyhe, John (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin-online.org.uk/darwin.html">"Charles Darwin: gentleman naturalist: A biographical sketch"</a>. Darwin Online. Nakuha noong 17 Nobyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Darwin%3A+gentleman+naturalist%3A+A+biographical+sketch&rft.pub=Darwin+Online&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=van+Wyhe&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdarwin-online.org.uk%2Fdarwin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b" class="citation book cs1">van Wyhe, John (2008b). Darwin: The Story of the Man and His Theories of Evolution. London: Andre Deutsch Ltd (nilathala 1 Setyembre 2008). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-233-00251-0" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-233-00251-0"><bdi>0-233-00251-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Darwin%3A+The+Story+of+the+Man+and+His+Theories+of+Evolution&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Andre+Deutsch+Ltd&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=0-233-00251-0&rft.aulast=van+Wyhe&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Sydow2005" class="citation book cs1">von Sydow, Momme (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326070105/http://www.psych.uni-goettingen.de/abt/1/sydow/von_Sydow_">"Darwin – A Christian Undermining Christianity? On Self-Undermining Dynamics of Ideas Between Belief and Science"</a>. Sa Knight, David M.; Eddy, Matthew D. (mga pat.). Science and Beliefs: From Natural Philosophy to Natural Science, 1700–1900. Burlington: Ashgate. pp. 141–156. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0-7546-3996-7" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0-7546-3996-7"><bdi>0-7546-3996-7</bdi></a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psych.uni-goettingen.de/abt/1/sydow/von_Sydow_">orihinal</a> noong 2009-03-26. Nakuha noong 16 Disyembre 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Darwin+%E2%80%93+A+Christian+Undermining+Christianity%3F+On+Self-Undermining+Dynamics+of+Ideas+Between+Belief+and+Science&rft.btitle=Science+and+Beliefs%3A+From+Natural+Philosophy+to+Natural+Science%2C+1700%E2%80%931900&rft.place=Burlington&rft.pages=141-156&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7546-3996-7&rft.aulast=von+Sydow&rft.aufirst=Momme&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psych.uni-goettingen.de%2Fabt%2F1%2Fsydow%2Fvon_Sydow_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFYates2003" class="citation web cs1">Yates, Simon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hope.html">"The Lady Hope Story: A Widespread Falsehood"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=TalkOrigins_Archive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TalkOrigins Archive (hindi pa naisusulat)">TalkOrigins Archive</a>. Nakuha noong 15 Disyembre 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Lady+Hope+Story%3A+A+Widespread+Falsehood&rft.pub=TalkOrigins+Archive&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.talkorigins.org%2Ffaqs%2Fhope.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_web" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mga_panlabas_na_kawing">Mga panlabas na kawing</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga panlabas na kawing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">baguhin</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Mga panlabas na kawing">baguhin ang wikitext</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/">Darwin Correspondence Project</a> Full text and notes for complete correspondence to 1867, with summaries of all the rest</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/author/Charles+Darwin">Mga gawa ni Charles Darwin</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Project_Gutenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Project Gutenberg (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proyektong Gutenberg</a>; public domain</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://darwin.amnh.org/">Darwin Manuscript Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?title=&author=charles+darwin&status=all&action=Search">Works by Charles Darwin in audio format</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=LibriVox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LibriVox (hindi pa naisusulat)">LibriVox</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/science_technology/natural_science/topics/3696/">Video and radio clips</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (hindi pa naisusulat)">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dmoz.org/Science/Biology/History/People/Darwin,_Charles//">Charles Darwin</a> sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Open_Directory_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Open Directory Project (hindi pa naisusulat)">Proyektong Bukas na Direktoryo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n78-95637">Mga gawa ng o hinggil sa Charles Darwin</a> na nasa mga aklatan (katalogo ng <a href="/w/index.php?title=WorldCat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WorldCat (hindi pa naisusulat)">WorldCat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padron:NRA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padron:NRA (hindi pa naisusulat)">Padron:NRA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darwin200.org/">Darwin 200: Celebrating Charles Darwin's bicentenary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091223121232/http://www.darwin200.org/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2009-12-23 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_History_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natural History Museum (hindi pa naisusulat)">Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html">A Pictorial Biography of Charles Darwin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705135038/http://www.thesecondevolution.com/darwin_intro.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2014-07-05 sa <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/darwin_nazism.htm">Mis-portrayal of Darwin as a Racist</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/microdocs/darwinvolcano.html">Darwin's Volcano</a> – a short video discussing Darwin and Agassiz' coral reef formation debate</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Chisholm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Chisholm (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, pat. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://tl.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Darwin,_Charles_Robert">"Darwin, Charles Robert" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (sa wikang Ingles) (ika-11 (na) edisyon). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Darwin%2C+Charles+Robert&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/interactive/2009/feb/12/charles-darwin"> The life and times of Charles Darwin, an audio slideshow, The Guardian, Thursday 12 Pebrero 2009,</a> (3 min 20 sec).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/showcases/charlesdarwin/">Darwin's Brave New World</a> – A 3 part drama-documentary exploring Charles Darwin and the significant contributions of his colleagues Joseph Hooker, Thomas Huxley and Alfred Russel Wallace also featuring interviews with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>, David Suzuki, Jared Diamond</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosdarwinE/darwin.html">A naturalist's voyage around the world</a> Account of the Beagle voyage using animation, in English from <a href="/w/index.php?title=French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research (hindi pa naisusulat)">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFAnonymous1873" class="citation book cs1">Anonymous (1873). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Cartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day/C._R._Darwin,_F.R.S.">Cartoon portraits and biographical sketches of men of the day</a>. Illustrated by <a href="https://tl.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Frederick_Waddy" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Frederick Waddy">Waddy, Frederick</a>. London: Tinsley Brothers. pp. 6–7. Nakuha noong 28 Disyembre 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartoon+portraits+and+biographical+sketches+of+men+of+the+day&rft.place=London&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=Tinsley+Brothers&rft.date=1873&rft.au=%27%27Anonymous%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FCartoon_portraits_and_biographical_sketches_of_men_of_the_day%2FC._R._Darwin%2C_F.R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Darwin" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Padron:Cite_book" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li>View books owned and annotated by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biodiversitylibrary.org/collection/darwinlibrary">Charles Darwin</a> at the online Biodiversity Heritage Library.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Kinuha sa "<a dir="ltr" href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&oldid=2137401">https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&oldid=2137401</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_kategorya" title="Natatangi:Mga kategorya">Kategorya</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:CS1_errors:_access-date_without_URL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: access-date without URL (hindi pa naisusulat)">CS1 errors: access-date without URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_biyologo_mula_sa_Inglatera" title="Kategorya:Mga biyologo mula sa Inglatera">Mga biyologo mula sa Inglatera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Ebolusyon" title="Kategorya:Ebolusyon">Ebolusyon</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorya:Mga_biyologong_ebolusyonaryo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorya:Mga biyologong ebolusyonaryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga biyologong ebolusyonaryo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_agnostiko" title="Kategorya:Mga agnostiko">Mga agnostiko</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Mga nakatagong kategorya: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">CS1 maint: date auto-translated</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_invalid_parameter_value" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: invalid parameter value">CS1 errors: invalid parameter value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_unsupported_parameter" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter">CS1 errors: unsupported parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Kategorya:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_archive-url" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: archive-url">CS1 errors: archive-url</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Mga_pahinang_nangangailangan_ng_pagsasaayos_-_Enero_2014" title="Kategorya:Mga pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos - Enero 2014">Mga pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos - Enero 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Lahat_ng_pahinang_nangangailangan_ng_pagsasaayos" title="Kategorya:Lahat ng pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos">Lahat ng pahinang nangangailangan ng pagsasaayos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Wikipedia_articles_needing_cleanup_after_translation" title="Kategorya:Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation">Wikipedia articles needing cleanup after translation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Biography_with_signature" title="Kategorya:Biography with signature">Biography with signature</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Articles_with_hCards" title="Kategorya:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Portal_templates_with_all_redlinked_portals" title="Kategorya:Portal templates with all redlinked portals">Portal templates with all redlinked portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Portal-inline_template_with_redlinked_portals" title="Kategorya:Portal-inline template with redlinked portals">Portal-inline template with redlinked portals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_errors:_chapter_ignored" title="Kategorya:CS1 errors: chapter ignored">CS1 errors: chapter ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Sangguniang_CS1_sa_wikang_Ingles_(en)" title="Kategorya:Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)">Sangguniang CS1 sa wikang Ingles (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorya:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Kategorya:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Huling pagbabago: 15:15, 15 Nobyembre 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Magagamit ang teksto sa ilalim ng <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike</a>; maaaring mailapat ang karagdagang termino. Tingnan ang <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Takdang Gamit</a> para sa mga detalye.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Patakaran sa Pagkapribado</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patungkol">Patungkol sa Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pangkalahatang_pagtatanggi">Pagtatanggi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodigo ng Paggawi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Mga Developer</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/tl.wikipedia.org">Estadistika</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Tungkol sa Cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//tl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Darwin&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Itsura sa mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-m6gss","wgBackendResponseTime":202,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.441","walltime":"1.725","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10939,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":283698,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10233,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":247170,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1418.500 1 -total"," 32.53% 461.425 1 Padron:Reflist"," 17.33% 245.820 31 Padron:Cite_web"," 14.96% 212.149 134 Padron:Harvnb"," 12.24% 173.607 33 Padron:Cite_book"," 9.48% 134.535 1 Padron:Infobox_Scientist"," 9.04% 128.265 1 Padron:Infobox_person"," 6.81% 96.558 1 Padron:Inflation-fn"," 6.25% 88.660 13 Padron:Cite_journal"," 4.88% 69.241 1 Padron:Better_translation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.753","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7898770,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAnonymous1873\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnonymous1882\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBalfour1882\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBannister1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeddall1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowler2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowne1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrowne2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll,_Joseph2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoyne,_Jerry_A.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoyne2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin,_Emma1882\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1835\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1837\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1839\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1842\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1845\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1868\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1871\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1872\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1887\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarwinWallace1858\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmondMoore1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDesmondMooreBrowne2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobzhansky1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEldredge2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzRoy1839\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlass1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon_ChancellorRandal_Keynes2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHart2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHerbert1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerbert1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_H._Wahlert2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeynes2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeynes2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotzin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLarson2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeff2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeifchild1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiles2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoore2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOwen1840\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShapin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSulloway1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSweet2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYates2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Wyhe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvan_Wyhe2008b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFvon_Sydow2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Better translation\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"CURRENTYEAR\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 33,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 30,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Details\"] = 3,\n [\"Dmoz\"] = 1,\n [\"Evolutionary biology\"] = 1,\n [\"Formatnum:{{inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Gutenberg author\"] = 1,\n [\"HMS\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 134,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox Scientist\"] = 1,\n [\"MacTutor Biography\"] = 1,\n [\"NRA\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Quotation\"] = 2,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Ref_label\"] = 4,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 3,\n [\"Worldcat id\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-648bd44df8-g68nw","timestamp":"20241115151526","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Charles Darwin","url":"https:\/\/tl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Darwin","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1035","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1035","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-08-25T04:16:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-15T15:15:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/2e\/Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>