CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Underscore - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"87c5a634-80f7-456f-9584-e872dca865e1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Underscore","wgTitle":"Underscore","wgCurRevisionId":1258432682,"wgRevisionId":1258432682,"wgArticleId":477081,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)","CS1 errors: missing periodical","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text","Punctuation","Typography","Typographical symbols"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Underscore", "wgRelevantArticleId":477081,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11199","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.pygments":"ready","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.pygments.view","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP" ,"ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.pygments%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/1200px-MEK_II-371.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1145"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/800px-MEK_II-371.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="763"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/640px-MEK_II-371.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="610"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Underscore - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Underscore rootpage-Underscore skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Underscore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Underscore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Underscore" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Underscore" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Diacritic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diacritic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Diacritic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diacritic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage_in_computing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage_in_computing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usage in computing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_in_computing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage in computing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_in_computing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Programming_conventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programming_conventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Programming conventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programming_conventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HTML_<u>_and_CSS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HTML_<u>_and_CSS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>HTML <u> and CSS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HTML_<u>_and_CSS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Simulated"_underlines_in_plain-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Simulated"_underlines_in_plain-text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>"Simulated" underlines in plain-text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Simulated"_underlines_in_plain-text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_marker_for_incorrectness" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_marker_for_incorrectness"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>As a marker for incorrectness</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_marker_for_incorrectness-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Underlines_in_Chinese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Underlines_in_Chinese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Underlines in Chinese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Underlines_in_Chinese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Underscore</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شرطة سفلية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شرطة سفلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gui%C3%B3_baix" title="Guió baix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guió baix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podtr%C5%BE%C3%ADtko" title="Podtržítko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Podtržítko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundstreg" title="Bundstreg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bundstreg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterstrich" title="Unterstrich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unterstrich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guion_bajo" title="Guion bajo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guion bajo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substreko" title="Substreko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Substreko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="زیرخط – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرخط" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiret_bas" title="Tiret bas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiret bas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trazo_baixo" title="Trazo baixo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Trazo baixo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Онлух темдег – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Онлух темдег" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%91%EC%A4%84_%EB%AC%B8%EC%9E%90" title="밑줄 문자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밑줄 문자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_bawah" title="Garis bawah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garis bawah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trattino_basso" title="Trattino basso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trattino basso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9F" title="קו תחתון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קו תחתון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%B3k%C3%B6t%C5%91jel" title="Alsókötőjel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alsókötőjel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Underscore" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A2" title="アンダースコア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アンダースコア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_podkre%C5%9Blenia" title="Znak podkreślenia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znak podkreślenia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtra%C3%A7o" title="Subtraço – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Subtraço" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Underscore" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Подчёркивание – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подчёркивание" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pod%C4%8Drtaj" title="Podčrtaj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Podčrtaj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understreck" title="Understreck – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Understreck" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88)" title="அடிக்கோடு (தமிழ் நடை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அடிக்கோடு (தமிழ் நடை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt_%C3%A7izgi" title="Alt çizgi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alt çizgi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Знак підкреслення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Знак підкреслення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E6%A9%AB%E7%B7%9A" title="下橫線 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="下橫線" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Underscore" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Underscore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Underscore"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Underscore" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Underscore" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&oldid=1258432682" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Underscore&id=1258432682&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnderscore"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUnderscore"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Underscore&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Underscore" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11199" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Typographic symbol (_) (underline)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Underscore_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Underscore (disambiguation)">Underscore (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #ccc; font-size: 500%; line-height:1.3; font-weight:normal; font-family:'times new roman', times, georgia, serif, sans-serif;">_ ◌̲</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;"><div style="background: #ccc; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; padding: 0.1em 0.25em 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em;">Underscore</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+005F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">_</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">LOW LINE</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0332</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̲</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING LOW LINE</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Graphical variants</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span style="font-size:150%;">＿</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF3F</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">＿</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH LOW LINE</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Different from</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Different from</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0331</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̱</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Macron_below" title="Macron below">COMBINING MACRON BELOW</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccc;">Related</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See also</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2017</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">‗</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DOUBLE LOW LINE</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2381</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⎁</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+2382</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">⎂</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FE33</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">︳</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LOW LINE</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MEK_II-371.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/220px-MEK_II-371.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/330px-MEK_II-371.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/MEK_II-371.jpg/440px-MEK_II-371.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3617" data-file-height="3450" /></a><figcaption>Underlining was developed for mechanical machines like this <a href="/wiki/Underwood_Typewriter_Company" title="Underwood Typewriter Company">underwood typewriter</a> which had no <b>bold</b> or <i><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic type</a></i>. The only way to <a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">emphasize text</a> that was typewritten was to back up the carriage and type underscores beneath the text. Underlining was a workaround for shortcomings in typewriter technology.<sup id="cite_ref-butterick_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butterick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Underlined.SVG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Underlined.SVG/220px-Underlined.SVG.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Underlined.SVG/330px-Underlined.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Underlined.SVG/440px-Underlined.SVG.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="133" /></a><figcaption>Underscored or underlined text.</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>underscore</b> or <b>underline</b> is a line drawn under a segment of text. In <a href="/wiki/Proofreading" title="Proofreading">proofreading</a>, underscoring is a convention that says "set this text in <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic type</a>", traditionally used on <a href="/wiki/Manuscript_(publishing)" title="Manuscript (publishing)">manuscript</a> or <a href="/wiki/Manuscript#Modern_variations" title="Manuscript">typescript</a> as an <a href="/wiki/List_of_proofreader%27s_marks" title="List of proofreader's marks">instruction to the printer</a>. Its use to add emphasis in modern finished documents is generally avoided.<sup id="cite_ref-butterick_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butterick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The (freestanding) <b>underscore character</b>, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">_</span>, also called a <b>low line</b>, or <b>low dash</b>, originally appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a> so that underscores could be typed. To produce an underscored word, the word was typed, the <a href="/wiki/Typewriter_carriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Typewriter carriage">typewriter carriage</a> was moved back to the beginning of the word, and the word was <a href="/wiki/Overstrike" title="Overstrike">overtyped</a> with the underscore character. </p><p>In modern usage, underscoring is achieved with a <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a>, with the Unicode <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining low line</a> or as a standard facility of <a href="/wiki/Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a> software. The free-standing underscore character is used to indicate word boundaries in situations where spaces are not allowed, such as in computer <a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">filenames</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email_address" title="Email address">email addresses</a>, and in Internet <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Locator" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Resource Locator">URLs</a>, for example <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Mr_John_Smith</code>. It is also used as <a href="/wiki/List_of_proofreader%27s_marks" title="List of proofreader's marks">a proofreader's mark</a>, to indicate that text should be underscored or italicised when <a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typeset</a>, for instance <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">_thus_</code> is to be rendered as <span style="text-decoration: underline;">thus</span> or <i>thus</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diacritic">Diacritic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Diacritic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Macron_below" title="Macron below">Macron below</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">Numero sign</a></div> <p>The combining diacritic, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">◌̱</span> (<a href="/wiki/Macron_below" title="Macron below">macron below</a>), is similar to the combining low line but is shorter. The difference between "macron below" and "low line" is that the latter results in an unbroken underline when it is run together: compare <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">a̱ḇc̱</span> and <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">a̲b̲c̲</span> (only the latter should look like <span style="border: 1px solid #ddd; background-color: #fdfdfd; padding: 1px 1px; text-decoration: underline">abc</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Unicode_Standard_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Unicode_Standard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Manuscript" title="Manuscript">manuscript</a> (or typescript) to be <a href="/wiki/Typeset" class="mw-redirect" title="Typeset">typeset</a>, various forms of underlining (see <a href="#Manuscripts">below</a>) were therefore conventionally used to indicate that text should be set in special type such as <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italics</a>, part of a procedure known as <a href="/wiki/Markup_language#History" title="Markup language">markup</a>. In printed documents underlining is generally avoided, with <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a> often used instead, or (especially in headings) using <a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">capitalization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bold_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Bold type">bold type</a> or greater <a href="/wiki/Body_height_(typography)" title="Body height (typography)">body height</a> (font size).<sup id="cite_ref-butterick_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butterick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Underlining may still be seen in display work.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A series of underscores (like __________ ) may be used to reserve a blank space in text that is later to be filled in by hand, such as on a paper form. It is also sometimes used to create a horizontal line; other symbols with similar <a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">glyphs</a>, such as hyphens and dashes, are also used for this purpose. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a> and some other <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>, the underscore has recently gained prominence as the punctuation to form <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language" title="Gender-neutral language">gender-neutral suffixes</a> in gendered nouns and other parts of the speech.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The underscore is also used in modern editions of Spanish vocal sheet music to indicate <a href="/wiki/Elision#Spanish" title="Elision">elision</a>, instead of the <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a> below (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+032E</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̮</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Breve#Combining_breve_below" title="Breve">COMBINING BREVE BELOW</a></span>), which is less convenient to input on a computer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mathematical notations, underscores are sometimes used in the following contexts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vector_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (mathematics)">vectors</a>. Underscores are sometimes used instead of bold face or a variable with an overarrow. E.g.: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}=\mathbf {v} =\left[v_{1}\;v_{2}\right]^{\mathbf {T} }.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mi>v</mi> <mo>_</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">v</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mrow> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msub> <mi>v</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="bold">T</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}=\mathbf {v} =\left[v_{1}\;v_{2}\right]^{\mathbf {T} }.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2ac8328ab987b81406c2263decf457df43a76a12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.583ex; margin-bottom: -0.755ex; width:17.267ex; height:3.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}=\mathbf {v} =\left[v_{1}\;v_{2}\right]^{\mathbf {T} }.}"></span><sup id="cite_ref-mathworld-Underscore_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathworld-Underscore-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_number" title="Complex number">complex numbers</a>. Similar to vectors, underscored variable names can indicate a complex-valued variable, especially if the real-valued variable name is reused to indicate the complex variable. For instance, in optics, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span> is often used for a medium's <a href="/wiki/Index_of_refraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of refraction">index of refraction</a>. When the refractive index has a wavelength-dependent extinction coefficient <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \kappa }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>κ</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \kappa }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54ddec2e922c5caea4e47d04feef86e782dc8e6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.339ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \kappa }"></span>, the combined <a href="/wiki/Complex_index_of_refraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex index of refraction">complex index of refraction</a> is sometimes notated <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {n}}=n+\mathrm {i} \kappa .}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mi>n</mi> <mo>_</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> </mrow> <mi>κ</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {n}}=n+\mathrm {i} \kappa .}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22d3f9738aa25c3aeb5511dc70756e821e6b8954" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.537ex; margin-bottom: -0.801ex; width:11.363ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {n}}=n+\mathrm {i} \kappa .}"></span></li> <li>minimum bound. Example: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}<x<{\overline {x}},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mi>x</mi> <mo>_</mo> </munder> </mrow> <mo><</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo><</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}<x<{\overline {x}},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f92cf63013b154b3305fe41e76be4817b1e0200a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.537ex; margin-bottom: -0.801ex; width:10.95ex; height:3.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}<x<{\overline {x}},}"></span> where <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munder> <mi>x</mi> <mo>_</mo> </munder> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/14a33c3e6e935d7bbafe48a5166f035cc37c4e75" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.537ex; margin-bottom: -0.801ex; width:1.332ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}}"></span> is the lower bound of <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/feff4d40084c7351bf57b11ba2427f6331f5bdbe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:1.977ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x,}"></span> and <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\overline {x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>x</mi> <mo accent="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\overline {x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fa4039bbc2a0048c3a3c02e5fd24390cab0dc97" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.445ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\overline {x}}}"></span> is the upper bound.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_in_computing">Usage in computing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage in computing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, default settings typically distinguish <a href="/wiki/Hyperlink" title="Hyperlink">hyperlinks</a> by underlining them (and usually changing their color), but both users and websites can change the settings to make some or all hyperlinks appear differently (or even without distinction from normal text).<sup id="cite_ref-butterick_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-butterick-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early output devices (<a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRTs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_printer" title="Line printer">line printers</a>) could not produce more than one character at a location, it was not possible to underscore text, so early encodings such as <a href="/wiki/Baudot_code#ITA2" title="Baudot code">ITA2</a> and the first versions of <a href="/wiki/ASCII-1963" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII-1963">ASCII</a> had no underscore. IBM's <a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> character-coding system, introduced in 1964, added the underscore, which IBM referred to as the "break character". IBM's report on NPL (the early name of what is now called <a href="/wiki/PL/I" title="PL/I">PL/I</a>) leaves the character set undefined, but specifically mentions the break character, and gives <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">RATE_OF_PAY</code> as an example identifier.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1967 the underscore had spread to <a href="/wiki/ASCII-1967" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCII-1967">ASCII</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing the similarly shaped left-arrow character, <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">←</span> (see also: <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Interchange_Program" title="Peripheral Interchange Program">PIP</a>). <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, allowed the underscore in identifiers.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underscore predates the existence of lower-case letters in many systems, so often it had to be used to make multi-word identifiers, since <a href="/wiki/CamelCase" class="mw-redirect" title="CamelCase">camelCase</a> (see below) was not available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Programming_conventions">Programming conventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Programming conventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Underscores inserted between letters are very common to make a "multi-word" identifier in languages that cannot handle <a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">spaces</a> in identifiers. This convention is known as "<a href="/wiki/Snake_case" title="Snake case">snake case</a>" (the other popular method is called <a href="/wiki/CamelCase" class="mw-redirect" title="CamelCase">camelCase</a>, where capital letters are used to show where the words start). </p><p>An underscore as the first character in an <a href="/wiki/Identifier" title="Identifier">ID</a> is often used to indicate an internal implementation that is not considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a> and should not be called by code outside that implementation. In <a href="/wiki/Dart_(programming_language)" title="Dart (programming language)">Dart</a>, all private properties of classes must start with an underscore; this usage is also common in other languages such as <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> even though those provide keywords to indicate that members are private. It is extensively used to hide variables and functions used for implementations in <a href="/wiki/Header_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Header file">header files</a>. In fact, the use of a single underscore for this became so common that C compilers had to standardize on a <i>double</i> leading underscore (for instance <code>__DATE__</code>) for actual built-in variables to avoid conflicts with the ones in header files. <a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> "reserves all function names starting with __ as magical."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> uses names that both start and end with double underscores (so called "dunder methods", as in <b>d</b>ouble <b>under</b>score) for magic members used for purposes such as operator overloading and reflection, and names starting but not ending with a double underscore to denote private <a href="/wiki/Member_variable" title="Member variable">member variables</a> of classes which should be <a href="/wiki/Name_mangling" title="Name mangling">mangled</a> in a manner which prevents them from colliding with members of derived classes unless the classes have the same name (<code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">__bar</code> in class <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">Foo</code> will be mangled to <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">_Foo__bar</code>). By convention, members starting with a single underscore are considered private or protected, although this behavior only has inherent effect for modules, where <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">import *</code> statements by default import all names that do not start with an underscore, unless an export list is explicitly defined by the module. </p><p>A variable named with just an underscore often has special meaning. <code>$_</code> or <code>_</code> is the previous command or result in many <a href="/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop" title="Read–eval–print loop">interactive shells</a>, such as those of <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>, <code>@_</code> is a special <a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">array</a> variable that holds the <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)" title="Parameter (computer programming)">arguments</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Function_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Function (programming)">function</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>, it indicates an argument whose value will be ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some languages with <a href="/wiki/Pattern_matching" title="Pattern matching">pattern matching</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haskell (programming language)">Haskell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Wolfram_Language" title="Wolfram Language">Wolfram Language</a>, the pattern <code>_</code> matches any value, but does not perform <a href="/wiki/Data_binding" title="Data binding">binding</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="HTML_<u>_and_CSS"><span id="HTML_.3Cu.3E_and_CSS"></span>HTML <u> and CSS <span class="anchor" id="HTML"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: HTML <u> and CSS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ASCII underscore character can be inserted with the <a href="/wiki/SGML_entity" title="SGML entity">entities</a> <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&lowbar;</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&UnderBar;</code> (or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&#95;</code> or <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">&#x5F;</code>). </p><p>HTML has a <a href="/wiki/HTML_element#Presentational_markup" title="HTML element">presentational element</a> <code><u></code> that was originally used to underline text; this usage was <a href="/wiki/Deprecated" class="mw-redirect" title="Deprecated">deprecated</a> in HTML4 in favor of the <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> style <code>{text-decoration: underline}</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-mozilla_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozilla-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In HTML5, the tag reappeared but its meaning was changed significantly: it now "represents a span of inline text which should be rendered in a way that indicates that it has a non-textual annotation".<sup id="cite_ref-mozilla_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozilla-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This facility is intended for example to provide a red wavy line (or wiggly line) underline to flag spelling errors at input time but which are not to be embedded in any stored file (unlike an emphasis mark, which would be). Other styles are also available: doubled, dotted, and dashed.<sup id="cite_ref-W3Schools_Online_Web_Tutorials_g824_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W3Schools_Online_Web_Tutorials_g824-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The elements may also exist in other <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Text_Encoding_Initiative" title="Text Encoding Initiative">Text Encoding Initiative</a> (TEI) provides an extensive selection of related elements for marking editorial activity (insertion, deletion, correction, addition, etc.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> has a free-standing underscore <span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">_</span> at U+005F, inherited from ASCII, which is a legacy of the typewriter practice of underlining using backspace and overtype. Modern practice uses the <a href="/wiki/Combining_diacritic" class="mw-redirect" title="Combining diacritic">combining diacritic</a> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0332</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̲</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING LOW LINE</span> that results in an underline when run together: u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲. Unicode also has <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+0333</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̳</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE</span>. In addition, there are single line and double line versions of the <a href="/wiki/Combining_macron_below" class="mw-redirect" title="Combining macron below">combining macron below</a>, a diacritic that applies to single letters only.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Unicode_Standard_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Unicode_Standard-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Underlining methods and results </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Effect</th> <th>Using combining diacritic</th> <th>Using html span style</th> <th>Using macron below </th></tr> <tr> <td>single underline</td> <td>a̲b̲c̲d̲e̲f̲g̲h̲i̲j̲k̲l̲m̲n̲o̲p̲q̲r̲s̲t̲u̲v̲w̲x̲y̲z̲0̲1̲2̲3̲4̲5̲6̲7̲8̲9̲</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789</span></td> <td>a̱ḇc̱ḏe̱ </td></tr> <tr> <td>double underline</td> <td>a̲̲b̲̲c̲̲d̲̲e̲̲f̲̲g̲̲h̲̲i̲̲j̲̲k̲̲l̲̲m̲̲n̲̲o̲̲p̲̲q̲̲r̲̲s̲̲t̲̲u̲̲v̲̲w̲̲x̲̲y̲̲z̲̲0̲̲1̲̲2̲̲3̲̲4̲̲5̲̲6̲̲7̲̲8̲̲9̲̲</td> <td><span style="border-bottom: 1px double; text-decoration: underline;">abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>single underline</td> <td>A̲B̲C̲D̲E̲F̲G̲H̲I̲J̲K̲L̲M̲N̲O̲P̲Q̲R̲S̲T̲U̲V̲W̲X̲Y̲Z̲</td> <td><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABCDEFGHIJKLMOPQRTSUVWXYZ</span></td> <td>A̱ḆC̱ḎE̱    </td></tr> <tr> <td>double underline</td> <td>A̲̲B̲̲C̲̲D̲̲E̲̲F̲̲G̲̲H̲̲I̲̲J̲̲K̲̲L̲̲M̲̲N̲̲O̲̲P̲̲Q̲̲R̲̲S̲̲T̲̲U̲̲V̲̲W̲̲X̲̲Y̲̲Z̲̲</td> <td><span style="border-bottom: 1px double; text-decoration: underline;">ABCDEFGHIJKLMOPQRTSUVWXYZ</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Simulated"_underlines_in_plain-text"><span id=".22Simulated.22_underlines_in_plain-text"></span>"Simulated" underlines in plain-text</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: "Simulated" underlines in plain-text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Plain-text" class="mw-redirect" title="Plain-text">plain-text</a> applications, including plain-text <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mails</a> where emphasis markup is not possible, the desired emphasis is often indicated by surrounding words with underscore characters. For example, "You must use _emulsion_ paint on the ceiling". </p><p>Some applications will automatically add <a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">emphasis</a> to text manually bracketed by underscores, either by underlining or by italicizing it (e.g. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">_string_</code> may render as either <span style="text-decoration: underline;">string</span> or <i>string</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_marker_for_incorrectness">As a marker for incorrectness</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: As a marker for incorrectness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Underline (typically red or wavy or both) is often used by <a href="/wiki/Spell_checker" title="Spell checker">spell checkers</a> (and <a href="/wiki/Grammar_checker" title="Grammar checker">grammar checkers</a>) to denote misspelled or otherwise incorrect text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manuscripts">Manuscripts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_proofreader%27s_marks" title="List of proofreader's marks">List of proofreader's marks</a></div> <p>Depending on local conventions, the following kinds of underlines may be used inline on manuscripts to indicate the special <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typefaces</a> to be used:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>single dashed underline for <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">stet</i></span>, 'let it stand', proof-reading mark cancelled.</li> <li>single straight underline for <i>italic type</i></li> <li>single wavy underline for <b>bold type</b></li> <li>double straight underline for <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">SMALL CAPS</span></span></li> <li>double underline of one straight line and one wavy line for <i><b>bold italic</b></i></li> <li>triple underline for FULL CAPITAL LETTERS (used among small caps or to change text already typed as lower case).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Underlines_in_Chinese">Underlines in Chinese</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Underlines in Chinese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, the underline is a little-used punctuation mark for proper names (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">专名号</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">專名號</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: zhuānmínghào; literally "<a href="/wiki/Proper_name_mark" title="Proper name mark">proper name mark</a>", used for personal and geographic names). Its meaning is somewhat akin to capitalization in English and should never be used for emphasis even if the influence of English computing makes the latter sometimes occur. A wavy underline (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">书名号</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">書名號</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: shūmínghào; literally, "book title mark") serves a similar function, but marks names of literary works instead of proper names.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the case of two or more adjacent proper names, each individual proper name is separately underlined so there should be a slight gap between the underlining of each proper name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overline" title="Overline">Overline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space Character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strikethrough" title="Strikethrough">Strikethrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undertie" class="mw-redirect" title="Undertie">Undertie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visible_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Visible space">Visible space</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This text describes how 'low line' <i>should be</i> implemented and in most cases it usually is (for example, Windows+Firefox, ChromeOS+Chrome). However, it has been observed that the Chrome Browser on at least some releases of Android fails to do so correctly and the line is broken. This is an implementation error. </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-butterick-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-butterick_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-butterick_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-butterick_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-butterick_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFButterick2013" class="citation web cs1">Butterick, Matthew (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://practicaltypography.com/underlining.html">"Underlining: absolutely not"</a>. <i>practicaltypography.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123180309/https://practicaltypography.com/underlining.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2015</span>. <q>Don't underline. Ever. It's ugly and it makes text harder to read. Underlining is another dreary typewriter habit... a workaround for shortcomings in typewriter technology.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=practicaltypography.com&rft.atitle=Underlining%3A+absolutely+not&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Butterick&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpracticaltypography.com%2Funderlining.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Unicode_Standard-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Unicode_Standard_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Unicode_Standard_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch06.pdf">"6.2 General Punctuation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i>. Version 11.0.0. Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium. 2018. p. 273. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-19-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-936213-19-1"><bdi>978-1-936213-19-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181221100405/http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/ch06.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2018-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-12-12</span></span>. <q>Spacing Overscores and Underscores. U+203E OVERLINE is the above-the-line counterpart to U+005F low line. It is a spacing character, not to be confused with U+0305 COMBINING OVERLINE. As with all overscores and underscores, a sequence of these characters should connect in an unbroken line. The overscoring characters also must be distinguished from U+0304 COMBINING MACRON, which does not connect horizontally in this way.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.2+General+Punctuation&rft.btitle=The+Unicode+Standard&rft.place=Mountain+View%2C+CA&rft.series=Version+11.0.0&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=The+Unicode+Consortium&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-936213-19-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fversions%2FUnicode11.0.0%2Fch06.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrizver" class="citation web cs1">Strizver, Ilene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fyti/typographic-tips/underlining-text">"Underlining Text"</a>. <i>fonts.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321054044/https://www.fonts.com/content/learning/fyti/typographic-tips/underlining-text">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fonts.com&rft.atitle=Underlining+Text&rft.aulast=Strizver&rft.aufirst=Ilene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fonts.com%2Fcontent%2Flearning%2Ffyti%2Ftypographic-tips%2Funderlining-text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svetovalnica.zrc-sazu.si/topic/2247/pisanje-mo%C5%A1kih-in-%C5%BEenskih-oblik-in-uporaba-pod%C4%8Drtaja-za-izra%C5%BEanje-spolne-nebinarnosti">"Pisanje moških in ženskih oblik in uporaba podčrtaja za izražanje »spolne nebinarnosti«"</a> [Writing masculine and feminine forms and using the underline to express "gender non-binary"]. <i>Jezikovna svetovalnica [Language Counselling Service]</i> (in Slovenian). 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201132408/https://svetovalnica.zrc-sazu.si/topic/2247/pisanje-mo%C5%A1kih-in-%C5%BEenskih-oblik-in-uporaba-pod%C4%8Drtaja-za-izra%C5%BEanje-spolne-nebinarnosti">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jezikovna+svetovalnica+%5BLanguage+Counselling+Service%5D&rft.atitle=Pisanje+mo%C5%A1kih+in+%C5%BEenskih+oblik+in+uporaba+pod%C4%8Drtaja+za+izra%C5%BEanje+%C2%BBspolne+nebinarnosti%C2%AB&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvetovalnica.zrc-sazu.si%2Ftopic%2F2247%2Fpisanje-mo%25C5%25A1kih-in-%25C5%25BEenskih-oblik-in-uporaba-pod%25C4%258Drtaja-za-izra%25C5%25BEanje-spolne-nebinarnosti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathworld-Underscore-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mathworld-Underscore_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation mathworld" id="Reference-Mathworld-Underscore"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisstein" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eric_W._Weisstein" title="Eric W. Weisstein">Weisstein, Eric W.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Underscore.html">"Underscore"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MathWorld&rft.atitle=Underscore&rft.au=Weisstein%2C+Eric+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathworld.wolfram.com%2FUnderscore.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuynhNakamoriHuKreinovich2009" class="citation conference cs1">Huynh, Van-Name; Nakamori, Yoshiteru; Hu, Chenyi; Kreinovich, Vladik (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalcommons.utep.edu/cs_techrep/107"><i>On Decision Making under Interval Uncertainty: A New Justification of Hurwicz Optimism-Pessimism Approach and its Use in Group Decision Making</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ISMVL 2009, 39th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 21–23 May 2009. Naha, Okinawa, Japan. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FISMVL.2009.65">10.1109/ISMVL.2009.65</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=On+Decision+Making+under+Interval+Uncertainty%3A+A+New+Justification+of+Hurwicz+Optimism-Pessimism+Approach+and+its+Use+in+Group+Decision+Making&rft.place=Naha%2C+Okinawa%2C+Japan&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FISMVL.2009.65&rft.aulast=Huynh&rft.aufirst=Van-Name&rft.au=Nakamori%2C+Yoshiteru&rft.au=Hu%2C+Chenyi&rft.au=Kreinovich%2C+Vladik&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.utep.edu%2Fcs_techrep%2F107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/npl/320-0908_NPL_Technical_Report_Dec64.pdf"><i>NPL Technical Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1964. p. 23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120005542/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/npl/320-0908_NPL_Technical_Report_Dec64.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2008-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=NPL+Technical+Report&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1964&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.org%2Fpdf%2Fibm%2Fnpl%2F320-0908_NPL_Technical_Report_Dec64.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318185346/http://trafficways.org/ascii/ascii.pdf">"The Evolution of Character Codes, 1874-1968"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trafficways.org/ascii/ascii.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+Character+Codes%2C+1874-1968&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trafficways.org%2Fascii%2Fascii.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchiec._1975" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Ritchie, Dennis</a> (c. 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150211071452/http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cman.pdf">"C Reference Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cman.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=C+Reference+Manual&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcm.bell-labs.com%2Fcm%2Fcs%2Fwho%2Fdmr%2Fcman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php">"Magic Methods"</a>. <i>php.net</i>. August 28, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040830214446/http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=php.net&rft.atitle=Magic+Methods&rft.date=2004-08-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.php.net%2Fmanual%2Fen%2Flanguage.oop5.magic.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBozhidar_Batsov" class="citation web cs1">Bozhidar Batsov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/bbatsov/clojure-style-guide#underscore-for-unused-bindings">"The Clojure Style Guide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112052004/https://github.com/bbatsov/clojure-style-guide#underscore-for-unused-bindings">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=The+Clojure+Style+Guide&rft.au=Bozhidar+Batsov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fbbatsov%2Fclojure-style-guide%23underscore-for-unused-bindings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mozilla-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mozilla_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mozilla_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u">"<u>: The Unarticulated Annotation (Underline) element"</a>. <i>mozilla.org</i>. 1 August 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210113231939/https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/u">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mozilla.org&rft.atitle=%26lt%3Bu%26gt%3B%3A+The+Unarticulated+Annotation+%28Underline%29+element&rft.date=2020-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fen-US%2Fdocs%2FWeb%2FHTML%2FElement%2Fu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-W3Schools_Online_Web_Tutorials_g824-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-W3Schools_Online_Web_Tutorials_g824_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/css3_pr_text-decoration-style.php">"CSS text-decoration-style property"</a>. <i>W3Schools Online Web Tutorials</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=W3Schools+Online+Web+Tutorials&rft.atitle=CSS+text-decoration-style+property&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3schools.com%2Fcssref%2Fcss3_pr_text-decoration-style.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.graphic-design-employment.com/proofreading-marks-chart.html">"Proofreading Marks Chart -Some of the Most Common Proofreading Marks"</a>. <i>graphic-design-employment.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106011350/https://www.graphic-design-employment.com/proofreading-marks-chart.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=graphic-design-employment.com&rft.atitle=Proofreading+Marks+Chart+-Some+of+the+Most+Common+Proofreading+Marks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.graphic-design-employment.com%2Fproofreading-marks-chart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Writers' & Artists' Yearbook 2020</i>. Bloomsbury. 5 September 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472947512" title="Special:BookSources/9781472947512"><bdi>9781472947512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Writers%27+%26+Artists%27+Yearbook+2020&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2019-09-05&rft.isbn=9781472947512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="clreq" class="citation web cs1">Tung, Bobby; Chen, Yijun; Eric, Liu; Hui Jing, Chen; Zhengyu, Qian; Fuqiao, Xue; Richard, Ishida. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/">"Requirements for Chinese Text Layout"</a>. <i>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419150639/http://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Wide+Web+Consortium+%28W3C%29&rft.atitle=Requirements+for+Chinese+Text+Layout&rft.aulast=Tung&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yijun&rft.au=Eric%2C+Liu&rft.au=Hui+Jing%2C+Chen&rft.au=Zhengyu%2C+Qian&rft.au=Fuqiao%2C+Xue&rft.au=Richard%2C+Ishida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fclreq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Underscore&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underscore" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:underscore">underscore</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/underline" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:underline">underline</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Underline" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:Underline">Appendix:Underline</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?corpus=26&smoothing=3&content=Underline%2C+underscore&year_end=2019&year_start=1800&direct_url=t1%3B%2CUnderline%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2Cunderscore%3B%2Cc0">"Ngram Viewer: comparison of usage of 'underscore' and 'underline'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>books.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=books.google.com&rft.atitle=Ngram+Viewer%3A+comparison+of+usage+of+%27underscore%27+and+%27underline%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcorpus%3D26%26smoothing%3D3%26content%3DUnderline%252C%2Bunderscore%26year_end%3D2019%26year_start%3D1800%26direct_url%3Dt1%253B%252CUnderline%253B%252Cc0%253B.t1%253B%252Cunderscore%253B%252Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnderscore" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template talk:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox punctuation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_punctuation_and_other_typographical_symbols" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographical</a> symbols</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;">   </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">space</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> , </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> : </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ; </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">semicolon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‐ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ′ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ″ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‴ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> . </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> & </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">ampersand</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> @ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/At_sign" title="At sign">at sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ^ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> / </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">slash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> \ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">backslash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> … </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipsis</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> * </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">asterisk</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ※ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Reference_mark" title="Reference mark">Reference mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⁂ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Asterism_(typography)" title="Asterism (typography)">asterism</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span>*<span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span><span class="nowrap"> </span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dinkus" title="Dinkus">dinkus</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> - </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">hyphen-minus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‒ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> – </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> — </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">dash</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⹀ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Double_hyphen" title="Double hyphen">double hyphen</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ? </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ! </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‽ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¡ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Inverted_question_and_exclamation_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Inverted question and exclamation marks">inverted ! and ?</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸮ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Irony_punctuation" title="Irony punctuation">irony punctuation</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> # </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">number sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> № </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Numero_sign" title="Numero sign">numero sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> º </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ª </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ordinal_indicator" title="Ordinal indicator">ordinal indicator</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> % </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">percent sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‰ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Per_mille" title="Per mille">per mille</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‱ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Basis_point" title="Basis point">basis point</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ° </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌀ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diameter#Symbol" title="Diameter">diameter sign</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> + </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> − </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">plus and minus signs</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> × </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplication_sign" title="Multiplication sign">multiplication sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ÷ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Division_sign" title="Division sign">division sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ~ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ± </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_sign" title="Plus–minus sign">plus–minus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ∓ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Minus-plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus-plus sign">minus-plus sign</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> √ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Radical_symbol" title="Radical symbol">radical symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> _ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">underscore</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <span style="position: relative; top: 0.25em;">⁀</span> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tie_(typography)" title="Tie (typography)">tie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> | </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¦ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‖ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">vertical bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> • </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">bullet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> · </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> © </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Copyright_symbol" title="Copyright symbol">copyright symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ℗ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_copyright_symbol" title="Sound recording copyright symbol">sound recording copyright</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ® </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Registered_trademark_symbol" title="Registered trademark symbol">registered trademark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">SM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Service_mark_symbol" title="Service mark symbol">service mark symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> <sup><span style="font-size:85%">TM</span></sup> </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Trademark_symbol" title="Trademark symbol">trademark symbol</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‘ ’ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> “ ” </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ' ' </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> " " </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">quotation mark</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‹ › </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> « » </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Guillemet" title="Guillemet">guillemet</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ( ) </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> [ ] </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> { } </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⟨ ⟩ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">bracket</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ” </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ditto_mark" title="Ditto mark">ditto mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> † </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ‡ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dagger_(mark)" title="Dagger (mark)">dagger</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ❧ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Fleuron_(typography)" title="Fleuron (typography)">fleuron</a> (hedera, aldus)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ☞ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Manicule" title="Manicule">manicule</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ◊ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⌑ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">lozenge</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ¶ </span> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> ⸿ </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pilcrow" title="Pilcrow">pilcrow</a> (paragraph mark)</span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background: var( --background-color-neutral, #eaecf0 ); color: inherit; font-size:125%;"> § </span>  <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Section_sign" title="Section sign">section mark</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">Version of this table as a sortable list</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Currency_symbol" title="Currency symbol">Currency symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a> (accents)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols" title="List of logic symbols">Logic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="List of mathematical symbols">Math symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_punctuation" title="Hebrew punctuation">Hebrew punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_punctuation" title="Japanese punctuation">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_punctuation" title="Korean punctuation">Korean punctuation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Typography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Typography" title="Template:Typography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Typography" title="Template talk:Typography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Typography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Typography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Typography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Page_(paper)" title="Page (paper)">Page</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canons_of_page_construction" title="Canons of page construction">Canons of page construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(typography)" title="Column (typography)">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Even_working" title="Even working">Even working</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margin_(typography)" title="Margin (typography)">Margin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_numbering" title="Page numbering">Page numbering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagination" title="Pagination">Pagination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pull_quote" title="Pull quote">Pull quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recto_and_verso" title="Recto and verso">Recto and verso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentionally_blank_page" title="Intentionally blank page">Intentionally blank page</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paragraph" title="Paragraph">Paragraph</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Typographic_alignment" title="Typographic alignment">Alignment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading" title="Leading">Leading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_length" title="Line length">Line length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_(typography)" title="River (typography)">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runaround_(typography)" title="Runaround (typography)">Runaround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widows_and_orphans" title="Widows and orphans">Widows and orphans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Runt_(typography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runt (typography)">runt</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">Typeface anatomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">Counter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">Diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingbat" title="Dingbat">Dingbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyph" title="Glyph">Glyph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ink_trap" title="Ink trap">Ink trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotated_letter" title="Rotated letter">Rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscript_and_superscript" title="Subscript and superscript">Subscript and superscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">Swash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">Text figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittle" title="Tittle">Tittle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Capitalization" title="Capitalization">Capitalization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_caps" title="All caps">All caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_case" title="Camel case">Camel case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initial" title="Initial">Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_case" title="Letter case">Letter case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">Small caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_case" title="Snake case">Snake case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title_case" title="Title case">Title case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Visual distinction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackboard_bold" title="Blackboard bold">Blackboard bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emphasis_(typography)" title="Emphasis (typography)">Bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_printing" title="Color printing">Color printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">Italics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblique_type" title="Oblique type">Oblique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Underline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Horizontal aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_space" title="Figure space">Figure space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">Kerning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter-spacing" class="mw-redirect" title="Letter-spacing">Letter-spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitch_(typewriter)" title="Pitch (typewriter)">Pitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentence_spacing" title="Sentence spacing">Sentence spacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thin_space" title="Thin space">Thin space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_spacing" title="Word spacing">Word spacing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Vertical aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">Ascender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">Baseline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_height_(typography)" title="Body height (typography)">Body height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_height" title="Cap height">Cap height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">Descender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_line" title="Mean line">Mean line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overshoot_(typography)" title="Overshoot (typography)">Overshoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface<br /> classifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didone_(typography)" title="Didone (typography)">Didone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_serif" title="Slab serif">slab serif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotunda_(script)" title="Rotunda (script)">Rotunda</a></li> <li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Schwabacher" title="Schwabacher">Schwabacher</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic type</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncial_script" title="Uncial script">Uncial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Specialist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Record_type" title="Record type">Record type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_face" title="Fat face">fat face</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse-contrast_typefaces" title="Reverse-contrast typefaces">reverse-contrast</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_(typography)" title="Bullet (typography)">Bullet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dash" title="Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_punctuation" title="Hanging punctuation">Hanging punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">Hyphen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyphen-minus" title="Hyphen-minus">minus sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">Interpunct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_(punctuation)" title="Space (punctuation)">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_bar" title="Vertical bar">Vertical bar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etaoin_shrdlu" title="Etaoin shrdlu">Etaoin shrdlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font" title="Font">Font</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monospaced_font" title="Monospaced font">monospaced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_catalog" title="Font catalog">Font catalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_position_only" title="For position only">For position only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letterpress_printing" title="Letterpress printing">Letterpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorem_ipsum" title="Lorem ipsum">Lorem ipsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microprinting" title="Microprinting">Microprinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtypography" title="Microtypography">Microtypography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movable_type" title="Movable type">Movable type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangram" title="Pangram">Pangram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">Phototypesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punchcutting" title="Punchcutting">Punchcutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversing_type" title="Reversing type">Reversing type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sort_(typesetting)" title="Sort (typesetting)">Sort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">Type color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">Typeface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typefaces" title="List of typefaces">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Typographic_unit" title="Typographic unit">Typographic units</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agate_(typography)" title="Agate (typography)">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicero_(typography)" title="Cicero (typography)">Cicero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Em_(typography)" title="Em (typography)">Em</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/En_(typography)" title="En (typography)">En</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_typographic_units" title="Metric typographic units">Metric units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">Point</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_point-size_names" title="Traditional point-size names">traditional point-size names</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Digital typography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_hinting" title="Font hinting">Hinting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Font_rasterization" title="Font rasterization">Rasterization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographic_features" title="List of typographic features">Typographic features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_typography" title="Web typography">Web typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Fonts" title="Bézier curve">Bézier curves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">Desktop publishing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Typography in other<br />writing systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_typography" title="Arabic typography">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_typography" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic typography">Cyrillic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Fonts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">East Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_typography" title="Thai typography">Thai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fonts" title="National Fonts">National Fonts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penmanship" title="Penmanship">Penmanship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting" title="Handwriting">Handwriting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handwriting_script" title="Handwriting script">Handwriting script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_guide" title="Style guide">Style guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_design" title="Type design">Type design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Type foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_typography" title="History of Western typography">History of Western typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_typefaces" title="Intellectual property protection of typefaces">Intellectual property protection of typefaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_lettering" title="Technical lettering">Technical lettering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Vox-ATypI classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related template</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_punctuation" title="Template:Navbox punctuation">Punctuation and other typographic symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Typography" title="Category:Typography">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underscore&oldid=1258432682">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underscore&oldid=1258432682</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Punctuation" title="Category:Punctuation">Punctuation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typography" title="Category:Typography">Typography</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Typographical_symbols" title="Category:Typographical symbols">Typographical symbols</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Slovenian-language_sources_(sl)" title="Category:CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)">CS1 Slovenian-language sources (sl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_traditional_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text">Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 November 2024, at 18:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Underscore&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c4dcdbb87-cmmlp","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.849","walltime":"1.356","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9810,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":223734,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30824,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":28,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":87949,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1168.089 1 -total"," 23.54% 274.959 12 Template:Code"," 17.21% 201.058 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.45% 180.450 1 Template:Infobox_symbol"," 15.21% 177.609 1 Template:Infobox"," 13.33% 155.691 11 Template:Unichar"," 12.85% 150.047 4 Template:Navbox"," 12.32% 143.862 11 Template:Unichar/main"," 12.08% 141.086 10 Template:Cite_web"," 11.11% 129.831 1 Template:Navbox_punctuation"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.472","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26462371,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5857dfdcd6-b8lnj","timestamp":"20241203065834","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Underscore","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Underscore","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11199","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11199","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-02-19T20:44:29Z","dateModified":"2024-11-19T18:24:14Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b7\/MEK_II-371.jpg","headline":"character that originally appeared on the typewriter and was primarily used to underline words"}</script> </body> </html>