CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a9482fcbfce3',cH: 'nFEf0A0.qBwUC5StX7jSGrngIsGN_.jsxBfyc.YtdsU-1739783604-1.2.1.1-H351CLDtgF4VlIwAn7UPrQIHNlDjPMYjU94hh_I1S29pGaLsg8rgU_9ulTAN7Xic',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=test%20mode&__cf_chl_tk=fr.193_VmCppsCvRnPsTIQw36kLqhedUEMU3zh7LZjM-1739783604-1.0.1.1-9yPpB4T9b54TRzOK0UWZj793ZN.0HcGwWxxb02ANXlE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783604',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=test%20mode&__cf_chl_f_tk=fr.193_VmCppsCvRnPsTIQw36kLqhedUEMU3zh7LZjM-1739783604-1.0.1.1-9yPpB4T9b54TRzOK0UWZj793ZN.0HcGwWxxb02ANXlE",md: "YAxg.QJNc7OR7ZAETF54ZuFpkTJmAO2U51JlsLgGx5Y-1739783604-1.2.1.1-r8UZS0xrOEvITXjzrCN.I1ER7tFJSvnYk8ghostmVETyDob8ppoPLSFjl2Ml_IbwHEkLp819mmtRuu_XWhqXtuEhIyLoM7QM_oxs6EIBoL41fODgZcuaM.jpj2hDAnwxVjq.V9nWTJR9Cnxbnh4lpWkdWNVG65NJLcEfgEnQv4c_959DUC7dAOFPc9QmbhfV8uov9ZdFGEm6D7vaccovBPt3RlDxe2sy.jDPYrDS0wAJIK_W6Q0bhAwWcXbmtBI4K4_CuDBwJDR7ak1EDW9ysRDGDLG7ECnV2tDwm.A0wwUgYiTzTb81fJS1EYqMxSleee4SZ0aj741QpEJNCvprApXENzA92P0Ag4PNU0.bfyJLyB57sTMweCHQf_bX3oIMf8T5ijwp4clpVyotJNeaT96v5YcGpFTy09WZbfMzurV3hV8C0TMf5fUdxyn_uUi.3dN40VoTgRKvgJW0d33uDTewuTIwcCvvnNjkWbzHeuvvQkVVhLM..T0LpP9gBmvmRFtaCkz26_ELmZVwdS6rfglocQrobIrgFBInkZ2LuP58nvZZ6kwclpDzR3U_mDZjjXPdL8nWPidt2cmAkrdWJififXaWO7ns0o9jAqvuitOMhQOZLzvKsVJBFW5lrVbrTQVAiaOhONKBKxDdQ20rSSn.J5td9YgjquIPG0lw8slL9DKE0k2HTXBonTE4zM5V8nZRK354zmZwP6W5E3sXCHP2JD.VSsq6kGpOWi6_P_DhhZ2uSROYk1MwHSuhvegdDKJCH0qeK5QPen_WZz10CZBEpPsScT7LGQ1n0pZG4O9iZYxhCug2lIgh69MHPd7zza6bco9m8h1fJGviY.arYhNlXefPJHyXAmtNSLOV9kErJmjjP7Ml0JNN2hNgF8m_baFhNSHDQickM_lACLiw88JUZISl7eIxyCvAHdSKIL1p6pwA_Cu20b_DvJKa9BPY2XmZJG0DWu27Mzn0YRqUec7XQHK4mlnGce1W2MZVws1Wm9UwiWa5.gm2DtEA4td1jZppyf2JpUR9QDqaAQ_yptqlQgV_xhCFz6PJbigOeH4EHiOU30ahEAO_Sz5pOOC5WnESyBmDtU5FPJH545XjTJoNmHp.r3BJa8k_yWbrpTad9RkjsOZitR4d956BpZ7Hj83GNYnyPzHmsKCZQj3KR7JbCrulzvDvxH4quf85aAIQUBimEjh2AKwSQ0NoamD08wgboSdfzdzqNO_8pk8eWRyhNz48cwvgZpQM9W0Nj7nilgyZdg_Yqx9F1w5lxBRFh3XSpfNhTlwn95iNGLwB5yCDcTUghh4cmlGKLffB_bM9u93q5IwswDj9.w7EdD0daAMpbby4Oe1o2CCrjtW0dTy__wIh5JVR0u.7V8T3RBbLspNlo5yrlE4aq80DiYgDaJm1A1Edf.oNfSzEs8pgMAeVq8vDlTXJ8l9CvU0vrxy.WDxrY6bZLZo_jj6vULVjXlFkOOEbptcqG2hT9GySuZ9w0HBvOx.qya5E_MlSNoJhhLeUJ10_.TNQGg0WztISqQWfHqpkQViN.xjtzBKDnhSMmLr5XP7Tcc3rpsk7YROxDrgl2jG.KzzRYY4DAnMMmUu.59jpYbFKVg.K3mWH5pNXZKCKtrPIY7h2XfFMJ1JG.WPJmiM6FW9IWmZSwGQG.NQhnN.XAKP8Kf0HGMlpyI5guUAuXuPubdtRIvnJXHGvVYcQcBhFr4S4td_tKRB0pju.xm8IPoNrzC101yqVQJyQ7sXF3sNy0Wv6qo4id2RH73L6cbbg6Yt5kKfBHSsl86UOUJnOQVIF_3YxsA.c3MWBylvtqv41i2q8FyeJOuuvWRxFL7C1i9lidaik78NU6Nma7y4g6a8IizyIo3b6J28.ljVlaDhOFwbOLJ04eJTGwS5ds3FihfhFC3nTMOBH1DOgyLsxH67XYcptJXVdQw",mdrd: "U5rFxJeYWChrmYDP1H1YwmI7zS9onjX1ttA1tkxwyso-1739783604-1.2.1.1-BqAufKOyXBsOt.p5Uv9b_KUKwQa9qhmgJX_SeUwOrv_eieQ_46A53qu1jtKr.B1BSJ.lTUPfsMarI3177ms75Ml_1Pk9AZI8jO8Uov91SmnzdBJ45_fS9AA7xd8aZj2Yj7B5EraA9hZTf2eIPTd4XL7yscKbNY4Yi4jIRFKpVJ8RnTXFejETFjfhzQilZLj4mwHdextvKcViRytTdO8WGfLPiJnZTkJHkIS1Xg4VpZwHDJa5gt8M1ltVSIkSNtjynuoZlwKJiclGfmL7thDVnvAvPm93k768rokzP05TVciNZ4eSUEOKeELZ.ckyGyLMUfs1QBB0nJ4sComK.0j8merVqHuzAZnqSkRPeMX4pOqcZy2IClPyuJ3TUQm62qCXO2c59pdrIi96wrt79vgZQANTOPywf8Dqmq8g1nJa_Ih9It70h4V5IiK8n2TjT70lagpkHkbkdpuBrsaQtXHSTFZBe7XkOdUF5BPc30jAeURrjTSm.7fUJrX52Xo28hukVLrt51trF6W5f5d9aX_JYbC3RKMGhGb8bpsf7Y4xZI._u3bZkZ_GAeAWetObSB8FUVm3HkNtPDLOx0Bi9dOQEIhMUvkYs0EeoJ65IMGXcSlNgMEiLzono4hKogNE66GQzBPelboCxPVZw13mZwv4AEyBG3M8P3Djnxzgo6pEPSqQAes0yBtz3pnwKLcGiP12sfi5Jsn2GesPNJhvlFVZzgmcEa2ZCn8yJFSUPAkDNI2WuzP.SSFZo7_iDK0q_MbpRAvPkkvI4U_wXUMIeMDshZcJ4kRI1ORx9VhU3MXhj9kyvAdXBB8s4VTuZVkNH0sm5KGZkSsqZNIKjPeyYdC6LfpTNz4CSjIfRNKNJkb8QLGpouTDs1.YkoiOx5AmV3rM9DFQYB3eaduOSsUSEdOrpGuvfiymvg8t_5.FQAEfaiO9Ns_K13I3Z._yooNCXSxgrchf6iQtzfsaJ0jEOdXYXlEdxRXPms09m8gWM5rLGTW3hX3wBrD2Y.c1xvMhN7nhKhBetbAYWdYEANwzjjt4K133FrpKRjGHC99ehjVD0FzOc.pD9v824rT1akmBvS02qg7Q3CbsrcLn9a6K7WK6UZ6lfrOZ_qbZfb_2CuJLeSBvodQflrWK.Urad9wlHcZLymeVHSocfyr4lfltsNhE8LAZEyuZe3XvWQVSX.hyZmW0sHwKk1R_jFhnUpd9qzYWNvNC9jsh57TGn_SAvD4WmDulAS4E.dJyzhPBNG2KniP2SPHkpjHrpIKxfsKqDm7LHpAYwaouuJzbkfwJGL3uf_NC1h_nzFNRmcHviB9VAjfZFmlRwJj.aVjA_pnN1L03UZqqMkG4k5ZyWr4NDmuWxUrYifJ1HuI4_Hwc0ygLDqlTUnMUA56n4UyVinGI22UBCK1YZ3JDl1MkhLblJuYsJE4kFhLxxgdmK..CPOQKH857gSKeCyHZE.byn9wPyW6M4FMB2_mNnnzZxM75us._uugnCajJ.yT5cNjqUvQGxHoNCMu_Nlxn_bJcrbOZEPt_A.4SHiVQh_iuN0F2mPBuYjb1P51RJ1V61bR.KTbU7Lz9zM1DaiPatbL01MQDxOgizVGfBqL7hRgG4WTy.nj3At9GD9zULRVx7YDcdPZRmWxxF8ruHvMZRd_JHGuzzGuvq0icLvipRrgSJa6bpjgkWlRuOcay_SDfY2ioluLEljbjtBfkOatzA6UeGuGZFq.yUO2N.z7hpZnuKxEuP6FLDt_nqGC999mrdQAE2_H3bIy.wAIDHeYG8PWyolFNPgtr5BHPxbk6rGziKfxNIAcP0i81nvKk8Ym_IwIqfQWJxDLCtSEE8pxl0HlcV65yBCe5aj68kN_9mzHnMvLKQhg52VVXMIfFrWSqHcwfTq.y.VvkTOkvCn2Lwh.KTMNtTthGNHymZywC9.6r0oc8QPEpwA_AQRNp46NVFIb5COckmncyJKFd8cIZy01I6JeUfncB.RgNQ3rQRB1gOJRieqRd5g"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a9482fcbfce3';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=test%20mode&__cf_chl_rt_tk=fr.193_VmCppsCvRnPsTIQw36kLqhedUEMU3zh7LZjM-1739783604-1.0.1.1-9yPpB4T9b54TRzOK0UWZj793ZN.0HcGwWxxb02ANXlE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>