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9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Аннотация</span></span></span><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/annotation" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.2363 4.12686C18.2363 3.43651 18.796 2.87686 19.4863 2.87686C20.1767 2.87686 20.7363 3.43651 20.7363 4.12686C20.7363 4.81722 20.1767 5.37686 19.4863 5.37686C18.796 5.37686 18.2363 4.81722 18.2363 4.12686ZM19.4863 1.37686C17.9675 1.37686 16.7363 2.60808 16.7363 4.12686C16.7363 4.43206 16.786 4.72564 16.8778 4.99996H7C4.79086 4.99996 3 6.79082 3 8.99996V19C3 21.2091 4.79086 23 7 23H17C19.2091 23 21 21.2091 21 19V8.99996C21 8.16642 20.745 7.39244 20.3089 6.75173C21.4258 6.40207 22.2363 5.35911 22.2363 4.12686C22.2363 2.60808 21.0051 1.37686 19.4863 1.37686ZM7 6.49996H16.6319L14.6964 8.43547C14.4035 8.72837 14.4035 9.20324 14.6964 9.49613C14.9893 9.78903 15.4641 9.78903 15.757 9.49613L18.3547 6.89846C19.0438 7.34362 19.5 8.11852 19.5 8.99996V19C19.5 20.3807 18.3807 21.5 17 21.5H7C5.61929 21.5 4.5 20.3807 4.5 19V8.99996C4.5 7.61924 5.61929 6.49996 7 6.49996ZM9.25 12C9.25 11.5857 9.58579 11.25 10 11.25H12H14C14.4142 11.25 14.75 11.5857 14.75 12C14.75 12.4142 14.4142 12.75 14 12.75H12H10C9.58579 12.75 9.25 12.4142 9.25 12ZM9.25 17C9.25 16.5857 9.58579 16.25 10 16.25H12H14C14.4142 16.25 14.75 16.5857 14.75 17C14.75 17.4142 14.4142 17.75 14 17.75H12H10C9.58579 17.75 9.25 17.4142 9.25 17Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Аннотация</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Медиа</span></span></span><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/media" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17 4H7C5.61929 4 4.5 5.11929 4.5 6.5V17.5C4.5 18.1033 4.71367 18.6566 5.06946 19.0885L15.6829 8.95748C15.8374 8.81003 16.0474 8.73542 16.2603 8.75237C16.4732 8.76931 16.6687 8.87621 16.7979 9.04625L19.5 12.6023V6.5C19.5 5.11929 18.3807 4 17 4ZM19.5 15.0592C19.465 15.0278 19.4324 14.9926 19.4028 14.9538L16.1114 10.6221L6.37067 19.9201C6.57173 19.9723 6.78263 20 7 20H17C18.3807 20 19.5 18.8807 19.5 17.5V15.0592ZM7 2.5C4.79086 2.5 3 4.29086 3 6.5V17.5C3 19.7091 4.79086 21.5 7 21.5H17C19.2091 21.5 21 19.7091 21 17.5V6.5C21 4.29086 19.2091 2.5 17 2.5H7ZM9.20078 7.25C8.51042 7.25 7.95078 7.80964 7.95078 8.5C7.95078 9.19036 8.51042 9.75 9.20078 9.75C9.89113 9.75 10.4508 9.19036 10.4508 8.5C10.4508 7.80964 9.89113 7.25 9.20078 7.25ZM6.45078 8.5C6.45078 6.98122 7.68199 5.75 9.20078 5.75C10.7196 5.75 11.9508 6.98122 11.9508 8.5C11.9508 10.0188 10.7196 11.25 9.20078 11.25C7.68199 11.25 6.45078 10.0188 6.45078 8.5Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Медиа</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Библиография</span></span></span><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/references" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 3.25C3.48122 3.25 2.25 4.48122 2.25 6V16.1667C2.25 17.6854 3.48122 18.9167 5 18.9167H9.3C9.80519 18.9167 10.2974 19.1269 10.6662 19.5139C11.0362 19.9022 11.25 20.4361 11.25 21C11.25 21.4142 11.5858 21.75 12 21.75C12.4142 21.75 12.75 21.4142 12.75 21C12.75 20.4227 12.9564 19.8833 13.3026 19.4973C13.6464 19.114 14.0941 18.9167 14.5412 18.9167H19C20.5188 18.9167 21.75 17.6855 21.75 16.1667V6C21.75 4.48122 20.5188 3.25 19 3.25H15.3882C14.2627 3.25 13.2022 3.74922 12.4341 4.60572C12.266 4.79308 12.1147 4.99431 11.9809 5.20674C11.8358 4.98777 11.6713 4.78092 11.4885 4.58908C10.6758 3.73626 9.56568 3.25 8.4 3.25H5ZM12.75 17.993C13.2735 17.6237 13.8929 17.4167 14.5412 17.4167H19C19.6904 17.4167 20.25 16.857 20.25 16.1667V6C20.25 5.30964 19.6904 4.75 19 4.75H15.3882C14.7165 4.75 14.0534 5.04681 13.5507 5.60725C13.0457 6.17037 12.75 6.95001 12.75 7.77778V17.993ZM11.25 18.0438V7.77778C11.25 6.96341 10.9414 6.18924 10.4026 5.62389C9.86506 5.05976 9.14388 4.75 8.4 4.75H5C4.30964 4.75 3.75 5.30964 3.75 6V16.1667C3.75 16.857 4.30964 17.4167 5 17.4167H9.3C10.0044 17.4167 10.6825 17.64 11.25 18.0438Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Библиография</span></a></div><div class="tw-grow tw-basis-0 max-md:tw-max-w-[80px]"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-mx-auto tw-hidden lg:tw-flex"><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Версии</span></span></span><a href="/c/latun-a9f185/versions" class="bre-article-menu__list-item tw-mx-auto tw-flex lg:tw-hidden"><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-gray-1"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.9565 3.85864H7.51619C7.8045 3.2057 8.4577 2.75 9.21734 2.75H13.5652H14.7687C15.4365 2.75 16.0697 3.0466 16.4972 3.55959L19.2502 6.86313C19.5871 7.26748 19.7717 7.77718 19.7717 8.30354V10.6957V16.7826C19.7717 17.5422 19.316 18.1954 18.663 18.4838V13.3043V10.9122C18.663 10.0349 18.3555 9.18542 17.7939 8.51149L15.0409 5.20795C14.3284 4.35298 13.273 3.85864 12.1601 3.85864H10.9565ZM14.913 22.7499C16.6051 22.7499 18.0354 21.6293 18.5022 20.0898C20.0762 19.8113 21.2717 18.4365 21.2717 16.7826V10.6957V8.30354C21.2717 7.42628 20.9641 6.57678 20.4025 5.90285L17.6496 2.59931C16.9371 1.74434 15.8817 1.25 14.7687 1.25H13.5652H9.21734C7.56341 1.25 6.18869 2.44548 5.91016 4.01947C4.37062 4.48633 3.25 5.91662 3.25 7.60864V18.9999C3.25 21.071 4.92893 22.7499 7 22.7499H14.913ZM7 5.35864C5.75736 5.35864 4.75 6.366 4.75 7.60864V18.9999C4.75 20.2426 5.75736 21.2499 7 21.2499H14.913C16.1557 21.2499 17.163 20.2426 17.163 18.9999V13.3043V10.9122C17.163 10.7991 17.1545 10.6867 17.1378 10.5761H15.3043C13.9296 10.5761 12.8152 9.46164 12.8152 8.08694V5.45611C12.6051 5.39215 12.3845 5.35864 12.1601 5.35864H10.9565H7ZM14.3152 6.68014V8.08694C14.3152 8.63322 14.758 9.07607 15.3043 9.07607H16.3118L14.3152 6.68014ZM6.72827 13.3043C6.72827 12.8901 7.06406 12.5543 7.47827 12.5543H14.4348C14.849 12.5543 15.1848 12.8901 15.1848 13.3043C15.1848 13.7185 14.849 14.0543 14.4348 14.0543H7.47827C7.06406 14.0543 6.72827 13.7185 6.72827 13.3043ZM7.47827 16.9022C7.06406 16.9022 6.72827 17.238 6.72827 17.6522C6.72827 18.0664 7.06406 18.4022 7.47827 18.4022H10.9565C11.3707 18.4022 11.7065 18.0664 11.7065 17.6522C11.7065 17.238 11.3707 16.9022 10.9565 16.9022H7.47827Z" fill="currentColor"/> </svg> </span><span class="bre-article-menu__list-item-text tw-hidden md:max-lg:tw-inline">Версии</span></a></div></div></div></nav><div><meta itemprop="image primaryImageOfPage" content="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9tHDmsF27gftGVPKNajQRw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=120"><article itemscope itemprop="mainEntity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><div itemprop="copyrightHolder" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="Автономная некоммерческая организация «Национальный научно-образовательный центр «Большая российская энциклопедия»"><meta itemprop="address" content="Покровский бульвар, д. 8, стр. 1А, Москва, 109028"><meta itemprop="telephone" content="+7 (495) 781-15-95"><meta itemprop="logo" content="https://s.bigenc.ru/_nuxt/logo.98u7ubS9.svg"></div><meta itemprop="articleSection" content="Материалы"><meta itemprop="headline" content="Латунь"><meta itemprop="keywords" content="Искусственные твёрдые вещества"><div class="bre-article-page max-md:tw-mt-10 md:max-lg:tw-mt-[81px] max-md:tw-mt-10"><div class="article-sidebar -hide-on-desktop-s"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s">Латунь</div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><header class="bre-article-header -hide-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/materials" class="bre-label _link">Материалы</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Материалы</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Латунь</h1></header><section class="-hide-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"></section><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Латунные трубы"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Латунные трубы."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Suryadarma2419 / Shutterstock"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9tHDmsF27gftGVPKNajQRw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Латунные трубы" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9tHDmsF27gftGVPKNajQRw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7hBqAX8UmGG-d4IV87O-sQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EPA0XzxPWmiBZOwYmYFiRQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=scALVTW9GBmam-JKcnO7tg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YsUnrUbSRDH4zzMo2DMwEg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lATaeOsP0W1evW_Rikb0pA&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=p_p-fkjZzmjYgO3I9kq5Bg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pwSmnuCi3aixlXuh9doynw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yWoZiB9U-yoi_N7m3538xQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Латунные трубы" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Цветные металлы и сплавы</dd></dl></div></div></div><div class="bre-article-page__container"><div class="bre-article-page__content bre-article-content"><header class="bre-article-header -show-on-tablet"><div class="bre-label__wrap"><span data-v-tippy class="tw-leading-[0px]"><a href="/t/materials" class="bre-label _link">Материалы</a><span style="display:none;" class=""><span>Материалы</span></span></span></div><h1 class="bre-article-header-title">Латунь</h1></header><section class="tw-flex"><div class="-show-on-tablet tw-h-14 md:tw-h-20"><div><div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ViewAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/ShareAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/LikeAction"><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content=""></div></div><span></span></div></div><span></span></section><div class="js-preview-link-root"><div itemprop="articleBody" class="bre-article-body"><section><section><p><b>Лату́нь</b> (от нем. Latun), сплав <a href="/c/med-afe2ff" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">меди</a> (основа) с <a href="/c/tsink-6c4bab" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">цинком</a> (4–50 % по массе). При увеличении содержания цинка (Zn) цвет сплава изменяется от красноватого до светло-жёлтого.</p><p>Ещё до н. э. латунь получали <a href="/c/plavlenie-595995" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">cплавлением</a> меди с цинковой <a href="/c/ruda-69932f" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">рудой</a> и <a href="/c/kamennyi-ugol-639945" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">углём</a>.</p><p>В 19 в. этот способ был повсеместно вытеснен прямым сплавлением меди (Cu) с цинком (после получения в 18 в. металлического цинка, который в природе в металлическом виде не встречается).</p><p>По сравнению с медью латуни обладают более высокой <a href="/c/prochnost-tviordogo-tela-7f8d47" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">прочностью</a>, <a href="/c/zashchita-ot-korrozii-f38ce1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">коррозионной стойкостью</a>, хорошими литейными свойствами, обрабатываемостью давлением; хорошо <a href="/c/svarka-a5c725" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">свариваются</a> и паяются.</p><p>Свойства латуни зависят от химического состава, природы фаз<i> </i>и структуры.</p><p>По химическому составу латуни делят на двойные, не содержащие <a href="/c/legirovanie-75ff18" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">легирующих</a> добавок, и специальные (многокомпонентные), в которые для улучшения свойств вводят в небольших количествах (1–2 %, реже до 4 %) легирующие добавки <a href="/c/aliuminii-c3b537" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">алюминия</a> (Al), <a href="/c/marganets-07d48e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">марганца</a> (Mn), <a href="/c/zhelezo-eea6f4" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">железа</a> (Fe), <a href="/c/nikel-1fe557" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">никеля</a> (Ni), <a href="/c/kremnii-b7103c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кремния</a> (Si), <a href="/c/svinets-765310" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">свинца</a> (Pb), <a href="/c/mysh-iak-c1dc4a" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">мышьяка</a> (As) и др.</p><p>Двойные латуни, содержащие до 10 % цинка, называют томпаками, от 10 до 20 % – полутомпаками, около 30 % цинка – патронными. В специальных латунях добавки (кроме свинца) повышают коррозионную стойкость, прочность, жидкотекучесть, измельчают зерно латуни.</p><p>Добавление свинца значительно улучшает <a href="/c/obrabotka-metallov-rezaniem-624f37" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">обрабатываемость резанием</a> и <a href="/c/antifriktsionnye-materialy-19de14" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">антифрикционные свойства</a>.</p><p>В системе медь–цинк (область концентраций до 50 % цинка) существуют α-фаза (твёрдый <a href="/c/rastvory-c27f05" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">раствор</a> замещения цинка в медь) и промежуточная β-фаза (соединение переменного состава), образование которых определяется растворимостью цинка в меди в зависимости от температуры.</p><p>По структуре латунь разделяют на α-, (α+β)- и β-латунь.</p><p>Двойные латуни, содержащие до 34–36 % цинка, представляют собой α-латуни – <a href="/c/plastichnost-784fa2" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">пластичные</a> и коррозионностойкие <a href="/c/splavy-metallov-db4c2d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сплавы</a>. С увеличением содержания цинка возрастают прочность и пластичность α-латуни.</p><p>Двухфазные (α+β)-латуни (37–46 % цинка) имеют бо́льшую прочность и <a href="/c/iznosostoikost-772ca7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">износостойкость</a>, но меньшую пластичность по сравнению с α-латунью. В β-фазе при температурах 454–468 °C происходит упорядочение в расположении атомов меди и цинка (β′-фаза), которое сопровождается резким понижением пластичности.</p><p>В промышленности применяются преимущественно α- и (α+β)-латуни, β-латуни (46–50 % цинка) представляют интерес как основа сплавов с эффектом памяти формы материалов с высоким <a href="/c/predel-uprugosti-653fbc" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">пределом упругости</a> («сверхупругостью»).</p><p>Прочность латуней после <a href="/c/otzhig-d46764" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">отжига</a> (мягкое состояние) по мере увеличения содержания цинка возрастает от 250 до 450 Мпа. Прочность может быть существенно повышена (до 700 МПа) холодной пластичной деформацией (твёрдое состояние), однако при этом резко снижается пластичность латуней.</p><p>Латуни обладают хорошей коррозионной стойкостью в атмосферных условиях. Однако латуни, содержащие более 20 % цинка, подвержены особым видам коррозии: обесцинкованию и межкристаллитному (или «сезонному») растрескиванию.</p><p>Обесцинкование проявляется при контакте латуни с <a href="/c/elektricheskaia-provodimost-032955" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">электропроводящими</a> средами (<a href="/c/rastvory-elektrolitov-455471" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кислыми и щелочными растворами</a>); сопровождается ухудшением свойств и качества поверхности латунных изделий (снижаются механические свойства, появляются красноватые пятна на поверхности).</p><p>Малые добавки мышьяка (As), <a href="/c/fosfor-ff9727" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">фосфора</a> (P), <a href="/c/sur-ma-6d7a15" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сурьмы</a> (Sb) повышают устойчивость латуни к этому виду коррозии. Межкристаллитное растрескивание происходит при наличии в латуни растягивающих напряжений и воздействии коррозионной среды (присутствие в атмосфере следов <a href="/c/ammiak-8708a6" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">аммиака</a>, <a href="/c/dioksid-sery-518307" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">диоксида серы</a>, влажного <a href="/c/dioksid-ugleroda-03592c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">диоксида углерода</a> и др.). Данный вид коррозии усиливается в месяцы с повышенной влажностью воздуха. Для предотвращения коррозионного растрескивания полуфабрикаты и изделия из латуни подвергают низкотемпературному отжигу (при 200–300 °С).</p><p>Обрабатываемость латуни резанием зависит от их фазового состава.</p><p>Свинцовые латуни обрабатываются резанием с образованием сыпучей стружки, поэтому детали из них можно изготавливать на станках-автоматах при высоких скоростях резания. Количественная оценка обрабатываемости резанием латуни и других медных сплавов определяется сравнением с латунью, содержащей 34 % цинка и 3 % свинца, обрабатываемость резанием которой принята за 100 %.</p><p>По технологии производства латуни делят на деформируемые (ленты, листы, полосы, профили, прутки, трубы, <a href="/c/provoloka-c8de3c" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">проволоку</a>, поковки и другие полуфабрикаты) и <a href="/c/lit-io-b6b605" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">литейные</a> (фасонные <a href="/c/otlivka-53b8c5" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">отливки</a>).</p><p>Благодаря сочетанию механический и технологических свойств, латуни широко применяются в промышленности. Из них изготавливают корпусные детали и <a href="/c/armatura-60b23d" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">арматуру</a>, <a href="/c/grebnoi-vint-ed32c7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">гребные винты</a>, детали приборов и <a href="/c/elektricheskii-apparat-816112" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">электроаппаратов</a>, корпуса <a href="/c/gruzopod-iomnyi-kran-79db36" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">кранов</a>, <a href="/c/vtulka-a2dee9" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">втулки</a>, вкладыши, шестерни, детали узлов <a href="/c/vneshnee-trenie-ba6ba1" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">трения</a> и т. п.</p><p>Латуни используются в качестве <a href="/c/pripoi-b624d7" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">припоев</a> для пайки <a href="/c/stal-8dd16e" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">сталей</a>. Применяются также для латунирования – нанесения на поверхность металлических изделий слоя латуни толщиной в несколько мкм (обычно <a href="/c/elektroliticheskaia-dissotsiatsiia-c64cfe" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">электролитическим способом</a>) для защиты изделия от коррозии, создания промежуточного слоя (т. н. подслоя) при никелировании или <a href="/c/luzhenie-24f0be" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">лужении</a> стальных деталей, что обеспечивает более прочное сцепление покрытия с основным <a href="/c/metally-0ca164" class="bre-preview-link" itemprop="url" data-external="false">металлом</a>, и др.</p><span class="author _note-exclude"><span itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" class="-text-caption-2-italic"><a href="/a/oe-osintsev-d8ca22" class=""><span itemprop="name">Осинцев Олег Евгеньевич</span></a><span>. </span></span>Первая публикация: Большая российская энциклопедия, 2010.</span></section></section></div><span class="bre-inline-menu _article-meta" style=""><meta itemprop="description" content="Лату́нь, сплав меди (основа) с цинком. Свойства латуни зависят от химического состава, природы фаз и структуры. В основном латуни обладают хорошей..."><span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block">Опубликовано <span itemprop="datePublished">16 ноября 2022 г. в 15:54 (GMT+3). </span></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item _article-meta max-md:tw-block"> Последнее обновление <span itemprop="dateModified">16 ноября 2022 г. в 15:54 (GMT+3).</span></span></span><span class="-flex-divider"></span><span class="bre-inline-menu__item tw-items-start"><button type="button" class="b-button tw-gap-2 b-button--link -text-button-text tw-rounded-lg tw-cursor-pointer" data-v-cfbedafc><span class="c-button__content" data-v-cfbedafc>Связаться с редакцией</span></button></span></span></div></div><div class="bre-tags-wrap"><span data-v-063d9480><a href="/l/iskusstvennye-tviordye-veshchestva-95e07d" class="bre-article-tag bre-article-tag__link _default _no-border" data-v-063d9480>#Искусственные твёрдые вещества</a></span></div></div><aside class="bre-article-page__sidebar -show-on-desktop-s" style=""><div class="bre-article-page__sidebar-wrapper _loc"><div class="article-sidebar"><div class="article-sidebar-button -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"><span class="article-sidebar-title">Информация</span><span class="nuxt-icon _no-icon-margin tw-text-2xl tw-text-primary-black"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M6 9l6 6 6-6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"/></svg> </span><div class="article-sidebar-text -show-on-tablet -hide-on-desktop-s"></div></div><div class="article-sidebar-wrapper -hide-on-tablet"><span class="bre-media-image article-sidebar-image _note-exclude _clean" data-width="100%" data-display="block"><span class="bre-media-figure _note-exclude _clean" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="image"><span class="bre-media-image-container"><meta itemprop="name" content="Латунные трубы"><meta itemprop="caption" content="Латунные трубы."><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="Suryadarma2419 / Shutterstock"><span class="tw-flex tw-w-full" style=""><img src="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9tHDmsF27gftGVPKNajQRw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=120" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" alt="Латунные трубы" data-nuxt-img sizes="320px" srcset="https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=9tHDmsF27gftGVPKNajQRw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=120 120w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=7hBqAX8UmGG-d4IV87O-sQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=320 320w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=EPA0XzxPWmiBZOwYmYFiRQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=480 480w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=scALVTW9GBmam-JKcnO7tg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=640 640w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=YsUnrUbSRDH4zzMo2DMwEg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=768 768w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=lATaeOsP0W1evW_Rikb0pA&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1024 1024w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=p_p-fkjZzmjYgO3I9kq5Bg&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1280 1280w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=pwSmnuCi3aixlXuh9doynw&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=1920 1920w,https://i.bigenc.ru/resizer/resize?sign=yWoZiB9U-yoi_N7m3538xQ&filename=vault/9b1b89690dd78b0c8a9a8b7f6d916ce8.webp&width=3840 3840w" title="Латунные трубы" class="" itemprop="contentUrl"></span></span></span></span><div class="article-sidebar-meta"><dl class="tw-mt-0"><dt>Области знаний:</dt><dd>Цветные металлы и сплавы</dd></dl></div></div></div></div></aside></div></article></div></div><div></div></main><footer class="bre-footer" itemscope itemprop="hasPart" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter"><meta itemprop="copyrightNotice" content="&copy;&nbsp;АНО БРЭ, 2022&nbsp;&mdash;&nbsp;2024. 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