CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ps" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>شمن باوري - ويکيپېډيا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )pswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":[ "0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9","۰\t۱\t۲\t۳\t۴\t۵\t۶\t۷\t۸\t۹"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","جنوري","فبروري","مارچ","اپرېل","مې","جون","جولای","اگسټ","سپټمبر","اکتوبر","نومبر","ډيسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"cf901cc9-3c64-4762-8bb8-89d095cd3647","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"شمن_باوري","wgTitle":"شمن باوري","wgCurRevisionId":288280,"wgRevisionId":288280,"wgArticleId":65700,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["د وېبپاڼيزې کينډۍ لارښوونيز لینکونه","ژبه لرونکي سرچينې انګليسي"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ps","wgPageContentLanguage":"ps","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"شمن_باوري","wgRelevantArticleId":65700,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ps","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ps"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q42042","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser": false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.39"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Font-Amiri":"ready","ext.gadget.palestineTheme":"ready","ext.gadget.WMP-icons":"ready","ext.gadget.Font-Arial":"ready","ext.gadget.HideExLinkIcon":"ready","ext.gadget.Urgent-fixes":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.events-loader","ext.gadget.Defaulteditnotices","ext.gadget.searchlang", "ext.gadget.NoRefCopy","ext.gadget.exlinks","ext.gadget.content-support-loader","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.gadget.decodesummary","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ps&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&modules=ext.gadget.palestineTheme&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="شمن باوري - ويکيپېډيا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ps.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="سمول" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ويکيپېډيا (ps)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ps.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ps"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ويکيپېډيا د اټوم کتنه" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-شمن_باوري rootpage-شمن_باوري skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اصلي لړليک" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اصلي لړليک</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اصلي لړليک</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> گرځښت </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="آرنی مخ کتل [z]" accesskey="z"><span>لومړی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF_%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="د پروژې په اړه، تاسې څه شيان او چېرته کولای شی چې وې مومۍ"><span>جرګه</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%9A%DB%90" title="د اوسنيو پېښو اړونده د هغوی د شاليد مالومات موندل"><span>اوسنۍ پېښې</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="په ويکي کې د وروستي بدلونو لړليک. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>وروستي بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="يو ناټاکلی مخ ښکاره کوي [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ناټاکلی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="د موندلو ځای"><span>لارښود</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ويکيپېډيا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ps.svg" style="width: 5.3125em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ps.svg" width="84" height="16" style="width: 5.25em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BC%D9%86%D9%87" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>پلټنه</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" aria-label="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ځانگړی:پلټنه"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">پلټل</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="شخصي اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ps.wikipedia.org&uselang=ps" class=""><span>مرسته وکړئ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی" class=""><span>گڼون جوړول</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&returnto=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ننوتل</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="شخصي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">شخصي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ps.wikipedia.org&uselang=ps"><span>مرسته وکړئ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&returnto=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>گڼون جوړول</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&returnto=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%90" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ونډې</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eتړل\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ps\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"border: 1px solid #a40007; padding: 10px; width:100%; background-image: linear-gradient(#000000,#000000)\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:10%\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_(3).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/70px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"99\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/105px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/140px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"241\" data-file-height=\"342\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:80%; text-align:center ; color:white\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:180%\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003Eد پښتو ویکیپېډیا ټولنه د زړه له کومې د فلسطين د وګړو سره ولاړه ده.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مالومات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ترمینولوژي" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ترمینولوژي"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>ترمینولوژي</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ترمینولوژي-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ترمینولوژي subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ترمینولوژي-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ریښه_موندنه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ریښه_موندنه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱.۱</span> <span>ریښه موندنه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ریښه_موندنه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-تعریفونه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#تعریفونه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱.۲</span> <span>تعریفونه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-تعریفونه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>سرچينې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">شمن باوري</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۹۶ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۹۶ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – افریکانسي" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="افریکانسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="شامانية – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شامانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="شامانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شامانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismu" title="Xamanismu – استورياني" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xamanismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="استورياني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – اذربایجاني" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="اذربایجاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شامانیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شامانیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1" title="Шаманлыҡ – باشکير" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шаманлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="باشکير" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0aman%C4%97zmos" title="Šamanėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Šamanėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Шаманизъм – بلغاري" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шаманизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="بلغاري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ওঝাবাদ – بنگالي" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওঝাবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="بنگالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanisme" title="Xamanisme – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xamanisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="شەمەنیزم – منځنۍ کوردي" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شەمەنیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="منځنۍ کوردي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismus" title="Šamanismus – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šamanismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamanaeth" title="Siamanaeth – ويلشي" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Siamanaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ويلشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – ډنمارکي" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ډنمارکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – الماني" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الماني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σαμανισμός – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Camanismo" title="Ŝamanismo – اسپرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝamanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="اسپرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanismo" title="Chamanismo – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chamanismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanism" title="Šamanism – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Šamanism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – باسکي" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="باسکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شمن‌باوری – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمن‌باوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanismi" title="Šamanismi – فینلنډي" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šamanismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="فینلنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – لوېديځ فريشي" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="لوېديځ فريشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamanachas" title="Seamanachas – ائيرلېنډي" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seamanachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ائيرلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanism" title="Chamanism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chamanism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – ګلېشيايي" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ګلېشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avapaje" title="Avapaje – ګوراني" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Avapaje" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ګوراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שמאניזם – عبراني" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמאניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="عبراني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE" title="ओझा – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओझा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – کروايشيايي" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="کروايشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1m%C3%A1nizmus" title="Sámánizmus – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sámánizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Շամանություն – آرمينيايي" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շամանություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="آرمينيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanisme" title="Shamanisme – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shamanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciamanesimo" title="Sciamanesimo – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sciamanesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8A%E1%96%93%E1%92%83%E1%91%AF%E1%96%85" title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ – انوکتیتوت" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐊᖓᒃᑯᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="انوکتیتوت" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="シャーマニズム – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャーマニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – جورجيائي" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="جورجيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Бақсылық – قازق" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бақсылық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="قازق" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%A4%EB%A8%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%A6%98" title="샤머니즘 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샤머니즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманчылык – کرغيزي" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Шаманчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="کرغيزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanismus" title="Samanismus – لاتیني" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Samanismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="لاتیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanismus" title="Schamanismus – لوګزامبورګي" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Schamanismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="لوګزامبورګي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – لمبرگیانی" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="لمبرگیانی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmas" title="Šamanizmas – ليتواني" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šamanizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ليتواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanisms" title="Šamanisms – لېټواني" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Šamanisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="لېټواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шаманизмась – موکشا" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шаманизмась" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="موکشا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samanisma" title="Samanisma – ملغاسي" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Samanisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ملغاسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шаманизам – مقدوني" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шаманизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="مقدوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D3%A9%D3%A9_%D0%BC%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Бөө мөргөл – منګولیایی" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бөө мөргөл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="منګولیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepawangan" title="Kepawangan – ملایا" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kepawangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ملایا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ – برمایی" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နတ်သမားတော်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="برمایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="धामीझाँक्री – نېپالي" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="धामीझाँक्री" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="نېپالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – هالېنډي" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="هالېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (نائنورسک)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamanisme" title="Sjamanisme – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjamanisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamanisme" title="Chamanisme – اوکسيټاني" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chamanisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="اوکسيټاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmu" title="Šamanizmu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Šamanizmu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਮਨਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamanizm" title="Szamanizm – پولنډي" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szamanizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="پولنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamanismo" title="Xamanismo – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Xamanismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paqu_yachaq" title="Paqu yachaq – کېچوا" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paqu yachaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="کېچوا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98amanism" title="Șamanism – رومانیایی" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șamanism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="رومانیایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманизм – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шаманизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – سکاټس" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="سکاټس" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – سرب-کروشيايي" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="سرب-کروشيايي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shamanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizmus" title="Šamanizmus – سلوواکي" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Šamanizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="سلوواکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizem" title="Šamanizem – سلوواني" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šamanizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="سلوواني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanizmi" title="Shamanizmi – الباني" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shamanizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الباني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0amanizam" title="Šamanizam – سربيائي" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šamanizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="سربيائي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schamanism" title="Schamanism – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Schamanism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஷாமன் மதம் – تامل" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஷாமன் மதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="تامل" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="షామానిజం – تېليګو" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="షామానిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="تېليګو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เชมัน – تايلېنډي" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เชมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="تايلېنډي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – ترکمني" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ترکمني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanismo" title="Shamanismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shamanismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eamanizm" title="Şamanizm – ترکي" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şamanizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ترکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Шаманлык – تاتار" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Шаманлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="تاتار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Хамнаашкын – توینیان" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хамнаашкын" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="توینیان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="شامان دىنى – اويغوري" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="شامان دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="اويغوري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Шаманізм – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шаманізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="شمن پرستی – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شمن پرستی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shomonlik" title="Shomonlik – اوزبکي" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shomonlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="اوزبکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaman_gi%C3%A1o" title="Shaman giáo – وېتنامي" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shaman giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="وېتنامي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanismo" title="Shamanismo – وارۍ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Shamanismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="وارۍ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教 – وو چینایی" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="萨满教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="وو چینایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შამანიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="შამანიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="שאמאניזם – يديش" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שאמאניזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="يديش" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨满教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sat-bo%C3%A1n-k%C3%A0u" title="Sat-boán-kàu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sat-boán-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%BB%BF%E6%95%99" title="薩滿教 – کانټوني" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薩滿教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="کانټوني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42042#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم-تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="د مخ د مېنځپانگې په اړه خبرې اترې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">پښتو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="کتنې"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=history" title="د دې مخ پخوانۍ بڼې [h]" accesskey="h"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارونه" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزارونه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="د ټولو ځانگړو پاڼو لړليک [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&oldid=288280" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&page=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&id=288280&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B4%25D9%2585%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپي بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shaman" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42042" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پټول</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><p>شمن باوري یا شمنېزم هغه مذهبي چاره ده چې په کې یو عمل کوونکی (شمن) د جذبې، خلسې یا د آرامښت د حالت په څېر تغیر موندلو حالتونو پر مټ له هغه څه سره چې پر باور یې د ارواه ګانو نړۍ ده تعامل کوي او یا هم اړیکه ټینګوي. د دغې چارې موخه په معمول ډول د ارواه هدایت کول یا هم په فزیکي نړۍ کې د رغېدو، طالع لیدنې او یا هم د ځینو نورو لارو له مخې د معنوي انرژۍ ترلاسه کول دي. <sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>هغه اعمال او باورونه چې د «شماني» اعمالو په توګه ډلبندي کېږي د بېلابېلو څانګو د پوهانو له دې ډلو د انسان پوهانو، لرغون پوهانو، تاریخ پوهانو، دیني عالمانو، فیلسوفانو او ارواه پوهانو پام یې ځانته اړولی. د دغې موضوع اړوند په سلګونو کتابونه او علمي مقالې لیکل شوې چې آن څو سیال علمي ژورنالونه د شمنېزم مطالعې ته ځانګړي شوي دي. </p><p>په شلمه پېړۍ کې غیر بومي لویدیځ وګړو په کلتور ضد خوځښتونو لکه په هیپي او د نوي عصر د معنویت په خوځښتونو کې په ښکیل کېدو د خپلو نظریاتو له مخې د بومي مذاهبو سره په مخالفت داسې جاودیي – مذهبي چارې رامنځته کړې چې د نیوشمنېزم او نیوشمنیک خوځښت اصطلاحات ورته کارول کېږي. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waveland_Press_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waveland_Press-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wernitznig2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wernitznig2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ترمینولوژي"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B1.D9.85.DB.8C.D9.86.D9.88.D9.84.D9.88.DA.98.D9.8A"></span>ترمینولوژي</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: ترمینولوژي"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ریښه_موندنه"><span id=".D8.B1.DB.8C.DA.9A.D9.87_.D9.85.D9.88.D9.86.D8.AF.D9.86.D9.87"></span>ریښه موندنه</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: ریښه موندنه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د شمنېزم معاصر انګلیسي لغت د روسي شمن (šamán) لغت څخه اخیستل شوی چی په خپل نوبت سره یې د تونګوزي ژبې – په ډېر احتمال سره د اونکي ژبې ویونکو شمال لویدیځې لهجې ته اړوندېږي چی صیام اونکي وګړي یې کاروي او یا هم د مانچو ژبې ډول دی- له شمان (samān) لغت څخه سرچینه اخیستې. د دغه لغت ریښه ځینې مهال هم د تونګوزي د سا (sā) – معنی یې «پوهېدل» دي- ریښې ته اړوندېږي. له دې سره فنلنډي کلتوري ژب پوه جوها جانهونین دغه اړوندتیا د دغو ژبنیو دلایلو له امله له پوښتنې سره مخ کوي: «دغه امکان نشو کولای په بشپړه توګه رد کړو، خو نه باید یې هم له قید او شرط پرته ومنو، ځکه چې د مفروض اشتقاقي اړیکه د غږ پوهنې (فونولوژي) له مخې نامنظمه ده (په ځانګړې توګه د غږ لرونکو حروفو کمیت ته په پام). <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cogmap_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cogmap-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Diószegi_1962:13_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Diószegi_1962:13-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>میرچا الیاده څرګندوي چې د سانسکرېټ شرامنا (śramaṇa) چې یوې لار ورکې صومعې یا مقدس شخصیت ته اشاره کوي، د بودېزم په خوا کې یې د مرکزي آسیا ډیری ژبو ته پراختیا موندلی او کېدای شي د شمن د کلمې اصلي ریښه همدې ته اړونده وي. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>دغه اصطلاح د هغو روسانو له خوا چې د سایبریا له بومي وګړو سره په تعامل کې و، ومنل شوه. دغه موضوع د روسي تبعیدي کلیسايي آواکوم په خاطراتو کې یاده شوې. شل کاله وروسته هالنډي مسافر نیکولاس وېټسن د تونګوزي بومي وګړو او په سایبریا کې د سامویدي ژب ویونکو بومي وګړو سره د خپلې استوګنې اړوند کیسې په خپل کتاب Noord en Oost Tataryen (۱۶۹۲ زکال) کې ولیکلې او په دې سره یې دغه اصطلاح لویدیځې اروپا ته راوړه. لوبک ښار ته اړوند سوداګر آدام برانډ په ۱۶۹۸ زکال کې په چین کې د روسیې له سفارت څخه خپل مشاهدات خپاره کړل؛ د هغه د اثرپه ژباړې سره چې په همدغه کال کې خپره شوه د شمن کلمه انګلیسي ژب ویونکو ته ور معرفي شوه. <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>انسان پېژندونکې او لرغون پوهې سیلویا توماسکوا استدلال کړی چې د ۱۶۰۰مې لسیزې په نیمايي کې ډیری اروپایانو د شیطان عربي اصطلاح ټولو هغو غیر عیسوي اعمالو او باورونو ته کاروله چې د اورال غرونو هاخوا بومي وګړو ته اړوند و. هغه استدلال کوي چې کېدای شي د شمن اصطلاح همدې ډول د تونګوزي ژبو بېلابېلو لهجو ته لار موندلې وي او بیا وروسته مسیحي مبلغینو، کاشفینو، سرتېرو او استعماري واکمنانو ته ویل شوې وي؛ هغه چې وګړو د پېړیو لپاره ورسره سره مخ پر زیاتوالي اړیکه لرله. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۶<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د شمن د ښځینه بڼې لپاره ځینې مهال شمانکا کارول کېږي چې واقعي تونګوزي اصطلاح نه ده بلکې یوازې له شمن سره د ښځینه نومونو اړوند د «کا» روسی وروستاړی ور اضافه شوی. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۷<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="تعریفونه"><span id=".D8.AA.D8.B9.D8.B1.DB.8C.D9.81.D9.88.D9.86.D9.87"></span>تعریفونه</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: تعریفونه"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د انسان پوهانو ترمنځ د «شمنېزم» د کلمې لپاره هېڅ واحد د ټولو د توافق وړ تعریف شتون نه لري. توماس ډاونسون د شمنېزم درې مشترکو عناصرو په توګه د لاندې مواردو وړاندیز کوي: تمرین کوونکي تل د خپلې آګاهۍ کچې ته تغیر ورکوي، ټولنه په آګاهۍ کې بدلون ته د یوې مهمې آئیني چارې په توګه ګوري او همدارنګه د دغه عمل اړوند پوهه کنټرول کېږي. </p><p>انګلیسي تاریخ لیکونکی رونالډ هالتون څرګندوي چې د ۲۱مې پېړۍ په نوي پیل کې د دغې اصطلاح څلورو جلا تعریفونو شتون درلود او داسې ښکارېده چې له ټولو یې ګټنه کېږي: </p> <ul><li>د دغې اصطلاح لومړنی مورد «ټولو هغو کسانو ته چې د بدلون موندلې آګاهۍ په حالت کې دي او د ارواه ګانو له نړۍ سره اړیکه ټینګولی شي» استفاده کېږي.</li> <li>په دویم تعریف کې دغه اصطلاح هغو کسانو ته اطلاق کېږي چې د نورو په لارښوونه د ارواه ګانو له نړۍ سره اړیکه نیسي په داسې حال کې چې خپله د بدلون موندلې آګاهۍ په حالت کې دي.</li> <li>دریم تعریف یې هڅه کوي شمنان له نورو جادویي مذهبي متخصصینو څخه چې باور پر دې دی؛ له ارواه ګانو سره اړیکه لري لکه له «روحي واسطه ګرایانو»، «جادوګرانو»، «معنوي شفا کوونکو» او نورو څخه د دغې ادعا پر بنسټ چې شمنان له خپلو ځانګړي تخنیکونو په کار اخیستو چې د نورو له خوا نه کارول کېږي؛ جلا کړي. (ستونزمنه خو دا ده چې هغه څېړونکي چې له دغه دریم تعریف څخه ملاتړ کوي تر اوسه نه دي توانېدلي د دغو تخنیکونو په تعریف یوې هوکړې ته ورسېږي).</li> <li>څلورم تعریف چې د هاتون له خوا وړاندې شوی، شمنېزم سایبریايي او هغو ته په نږدې اسیایي سیمو کې بومي ادیانو ته کاروي. د شاماني مطالعاتو د ګلوموت مرکز د څېړنو له مخې د شمنانو یو منګولیايي سازمان د شمن کلمه په کره توګه د «کشیش» په معنی کارولې ده. <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۸<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۱۹<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>د اکسفورډ انګلیسي ډیکشنري له مخې شمن (/ˈʃɑːmən/ <i>SHAH-men</i>، /ˈʃæmən/ یا /ˈʃeɪmən/) هغه کس ته ویل کېږي چې د ارواه ګانو په نړۍ کې خیر غوښتونکو او شرغوښتونکو ته لاسرسی او په هغو نفوذ لري، چې په معمول ډول د یو لړ مراسمو په حالت کې د خلسې یا آرامښت حالت ته ننوزي او په فال لیدلو او نورو ورته چارو لاس پورې کوي. د «شمن» کلمې په ډېر احتمال سره د شمالي آسیا  د تونګوزي اونکي ژبې څخه سرچینه اخیستې. د جوها جانهونن په خبره «دغه کلمه په ټولو «تونګوزي عباراتو» لکه په نګیدال، لاموت، اودهه/اوروچي، نانايي، ایلچا، اوروک، مانچو او اولچا کې تائید شوې او «هېڅ داسې څه شتون نه لري چې له دغه فرض سره په ټکر کې وي چې د «شمن» معنی له مخکنۍ تونګوزي» اخیستل شوې؛ آن کېدای شي چې داسې ریښې دې ولري چې لږ تر لږه دوه زره کاله مخینه لري. دغه اصطلاح په ۱۵۵۲ زکال کې د روسي ځواکونو له خوا د کازان شمنستي خاناتو له فتح کولو وروسته لویدیځ ته ور وپېژندل شوه.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۰<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:02_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۱<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۲<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>د «شمنېزم» اصطلاح د لومړي ځل لپاره د بهرنیو ناظرینو په توګه د لویدیځو انسان پوهانو له خوا د ترکانو او مغولانو او همدارنګه د تونګوزي د ګاونډیو وګړو او سامویدي ژب ویونکو د لرغونو دینونو لپاره وکارول شوه. په ټوله نړۍ کې د ډېری مذهبي سنتونو په مشاهده کولو سره لویدیځو انسان پوهانو له دغې اصطلاح څخه پراخې ګټې اخیستنې ته مخه کړه. دغه اصطلاح د هغو نا اړوندو جادویي – مذهبي اعمالو لپاره چې په یو شمېر قبایلي ادیانو کې یې شتون درلود وکارول شوه؛ دغه ډول ادیانو په اسیا، افریقا، استرالیا او حتا د امریکا لویې وچې ته په بشپړه توګه نا اړوندو سیمو کې شتون درلود او باور پر دې دی چې چارې یو بل ته ورته دي. په داسې حال کې چې دغه اصطلاح د یو شمېر کلتوري بهرنیانو له خوا د ډېری بومي معنوي چارو لپاره کارول شوې، خو له دې سره بیا هم د «شمن» او «شمنېزم» کلمات په دقیقه توګه د بومي معنویت تنوع او پیچلتیا نه توصیف کوي. هر قوم او قبیله ځانته ځانګړې د ژوندانه طریقه لري او د هماغو له مخې په خپلو ژبو کې یو شمېر اصطلاحات کاروي. <sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۳<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۴<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>میرچا الیاده لیکي: «له دغې پیچلې ښکارندې څخه لومړنی تعریف کېدای شي د هغو تر ټولو لږ ګواښ لرونکی تعریف وي: شمنېزم = «د مذهبي جذبې، خلسې یا آرامښت تخنیک». شمنېزم دغه فرضیې ته اړوندېږي چې شمنان د انساني نړۍ او د ارواه ګانو د نړۍ ترمنځ پیغام وړونکي دي.<sup id="cite_ref-Eli72_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eli72-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>۲۵<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچينې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&action=edit&section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, Manvir (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318255042">"The cultural evolution of shamanism"</a>. <i>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</i>. <b>41</b>: e66: 1–61. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X17001893">10.1017/S0140525X17001893</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28679454">28679454</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206264885">206264885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+cultural+evolution+of+shamanism&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=e66%3A+1-61&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206264885%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28679454&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0140525X17001893&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Manvir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318255042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFMircea_EliadeVilmos_Diószegi2020" class="citation web cs1">Mircea Eliade; Vilmos Diószegi (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/shamanism">"Shamanism"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">May 20,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Shamanism, religious phenomenon centred on the shaman, a person believed to achieve various powers through trance or ecstatic religious experience. Although shamans’ repertoires vary from one culture to the next, they are typically thought to have the ability to heal the sick, to communicate with the otherworld, and often to escort the souls of the dead to that otherworld.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Shamanism&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.au=Mircea+Eliade&rft.au=Vilmos+Di%C3%B3szegi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fshamanism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFGredig2009" class="citation book cs1">Gredig, Florian (2009). <i>Finding New Cosmologies</i>. Berlin: Lit Verlag Dr. W. Hopf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Finding+New+Cosmologies&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag+Dr.+W.+Hopf&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gredig&rft.aufirst=Florian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waveland_Press-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Waveland_Press_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFKehoe2000" class="citation book cs1">Kehoe, Alice Beck (2000). <i>Shamans and religion : an anthropological exploration in critical thinking</i>. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-1-57766-162-7" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-1-57766-162-7 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-1-57766-162-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shamans+and+religion+%3A+an+anthropological+exploration+in+critical+thinking&rft.place=Prospect+Heights%2C+Ill.&rft.pub=Waveland+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-57766-162-7&rft.aulast=Kehoe&rft.aufirst=Alice+Beck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wernitznig2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wernitznig2_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wernitznig, Dagmar, <i>Europe's Indians, Indians in Europe: European Perceptions and Appropriations of Native American Cultures from Pocahontas to the Present</i>. University Press of America, 2007: p.132. "What happens further in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plastic_Shaman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plastic Shaman (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Plastic Shaman</a>'s [fictitious] story is highly irritating from a perspective of cultural hegemony. The Injun elder does not only willingly share their spirituality with the white intruder but, in fact, must come to the conclusion that this intruder is as good an Indian as they are themselves. Regarding Indian spirituality, the Plastic Shaman even out-Indians the actual ones. The messianic element, which Plastic Shamanism financially draws on, is installed in the Yoda-like elder themselves. They are the ones - while melodramatically parting from their spiritual offshoot - who urge the Plastic Shaman to share their gift with the rest of the world. Thus Plastic Shamans wipe their hands clean of any megalomaniac or missionizing undertones. Licensed by the authority of an Indian elder, they now have every right to spread their wisdom, and if they make (quite more than) a buck with it, then so be it.--The neocolonial ideology attached to this scenario leaves less room for cynicism."}}</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFHutton2001" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, Ronald (2001). <i>Shamans: Siberian Spirituality and the Western Imagination</i>. TPB. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%A7%DB%90%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A_(%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%98%D9%86%D8%AF)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="او سي اېل سي (پېژند) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/940167815">940167815</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shamans%3A+Siberian+Spirituality+and+the+Western+Imagination&rft.pub=TPB&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F940167815&rft.aulast=Hutton&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Juha Janhunan, Siberian shamanistic terminology, <i>Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne</i> 1986, 194:97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFCrossley1996" class="citation book cs1">Crossley, Pamela Kyle (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manchus00cros"><i>The Manchus</i></a>. Blackwell Publishers. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-1-55786-560-1" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-1-55786-560-1 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-1-55786-560-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Manchus&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55786-560-1&rft.aulast=Crossley&rft.aufirst=Pamela+Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanchus00cros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cogmap-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cogmap_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoppál 2005: 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Diószegi_1962:13-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Diószegi_1962:13_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diószegi 1962: 13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Januhnan, 1986: 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFEliade1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mircea_Eliade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mircea Eliade (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Eliade, Mircea</a> (1989). <i>Shamanism</i>. Arkana Books. p. 495.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shamanism&rft.pages=495&rft.pub=Arkana+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Eliade&rft.aufirst=Mircea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Written before 1676, first printed in 1861; see <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamanism (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hutton 2001</a>. p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamanism (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hutton 2001</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adam Brand, <i>Driejaarige Reize naar China</i>, Amsterdam 1698; transl. <i>A Journal of an Ambassy</i>, London 1698; see Laufer B., "Origin of the Word Shaman," <i>American Anthropologist,</i> 19 (1917): 361–71 and Bremmer J., "Travelling souls? Greek shamanism reconsidered", in Bremmer J.N. (ed.), <i>The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife,</i> London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 7–40. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theol.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/root/2002/594/c3.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131202222218/http://theol.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/FILES/root/2002/594/c3.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-12-02 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Wayback Machine</a>.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomaskova, 2013, 76–78, 104–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tomaskova, 2013, 76–78, 104–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamanism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shamanism (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Hutton 2001</a>. pp. vii–viii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126071823/http://www.tengerism.org/table_of_contents.html">"Circle of Tengerism"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tengerism.org/table_of_contents.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circle+of+Tengerism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tengerism.org%2Ftable_of_contents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-OED_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402074808/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/shaman">"Definition of Shaman by Oxford Dictionaries"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/shaman">the original</a> on April 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Shaman+by+Oxford+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fshaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, Manvir (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318255042">"The cultural evolution of shamanism"</a>. <i>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</i>. <b>41</b>: e66: 1–61. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%85%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90%DA%9A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%D9%86%DA%9A%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="څيز برېښنايي نښه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X17001893">10.1017/S0140525X17001893</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="پاب‌مد (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28679454">28679454</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="سمانتیک اسکالر (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206264885">206264885</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+cultural+evolution+of+shamanism&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=e66%3A+1-61&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206264885%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28679454&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0140525X17001893&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Manvir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F318255042&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Juha Janhunen, Siberian shamanistic terminology, <i>Suomalais-ugrilaisen Seuran toimituksia/ Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne,</i> 1986, 194: 97–98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite id="CITEREFAlberts2015" class="citation book cs1">Alberts, Thomas (2015). <i>Shamanism, Discourse, Modernity</i>. Farnham: Ashgate. pp. 73–79. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%86%DA%93%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="د کتاب نړيوال ستندرد شمېره (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/978-1-4724-3986-4" class="new" title="ځانگړی:کتاب سرچينې/978-1-4724-3986-4 (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)"><bdi>978-1-4724-3986-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shamanism%2C+Discourse%2C+Modernity&rft.place=Farnham&rft.pages=73-79&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4724-3986-4&rft.aulast=Alberts&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r262776"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hazlitt.net/feature/fatal-naming-rituals">"Fatal Naming Rituals"</a>. <i>Hazlitt</i> (په انګليسي). 2018-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. نه اخيستل شوی <span class="nowrap">2020-03-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hazlitt&rft.atitle=Fatal+Naming+Rituals&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhazlitt.net%2Ffeature%2Ffatal-naming-rituals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eli72-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Eli72_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mircea Eliade, <i>Shamanism, Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy</i>, Bollingen Series LXXVI, Princeton University Press 1972, pp. 3–7.</span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=شمن_باوري&oldid=288280">https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=شمن_باوري&oldid=288280</a>" نه اخيستل شوی</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90" title="ځانگړی:وېشنيزې">وېشنيزې</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%AF_%D9%88%DB%90%D8%A8%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90_%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:د وېبپاڼيزې کينډۍ لارښوونيز لینکونه (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">د وېبپاڼيزې کينډۍ لارښوونيز لینکونه</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:ژبه لرونکي سرچينې انګليسي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ژبه لرونکي سرچينې انګليسي</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> دا مخ وروستی ځل په ۱۷:۵۸، ۲ نومبر ۲۰۲۲ بدلون موندلی.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">دا متن د <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">کريټيف کامنز ورته-شريکېدنې-اړوندتيا منښتليک</a> له مخې خپور شوی؛ اضافه شرطونه به هم کارېدلي وي. د لا تفصيل لپاره <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">د کارولو شرطونه</a> وگورئ.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">د پټنتيا تگلاره</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87">د ويکيپېډيا په اړه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9">ردادعاليکونه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">پرمختگگران:</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ps.wikipedia.org">شمار</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">د کوکيز ويناليک</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ps.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">د موبايل په بڼې کتل</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-d29c6","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.302","walltime":"0.344","ppvisitednodes":{"value":646,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":19630,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":4,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":38404,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 295.431 1 -total"," 51.47% 152.073 2 کينډۍ:Cite_journal"," 28.11% 83.049 6 کينډۍ:Cite_book"," 17.90% 52.896 4 کينډۍ:Cite_web"," 1.96% 5.781 1 کينډۍ:Webarchive"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.225","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3820936,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-55fb8d7f4f-h4wjn","timestamp":"20241110140612","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a","url":"https:\/\/ps.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42042","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42042","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-11-02T17:58:23Z","dateModified":"2022-11-02T17:58:23Z"}</script> </body> </html>