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} #tribe-bar-form { display:none!important; } .tribe-tickets-remaining { display:none!important; } .penci-border-arrow:after { display:none!important; } .wpcf7 input { margin-bottom: 10px; } .author-post, .author-italic { display: none; } .archive-box:after, .archive-box:before { display: none; } .single-tribe_events .tribe-events-schedule .tribe-events-cost { display: none; } .single-tribe_events .tribe-events-schedule .tribe-events-divider { display: none; } .single-tribe_events #tribe-events-content .tribe-events-event-meta dt { display: none; } .single-tribe_events .theiaStickySidebar .advads-widget { display: none; } .single-tribe_events.postid-3568 .theiaStickySidebar .advads-widget { display: block; } #cookie-notice { position: fixed; right: auto; left: 1vw; width: 28vw; min-width: 1px; max-width: 500px; top: auto; height: auto; z-index: 1000; padding: 1.5vw; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95) !important; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); box-shadow: 0 0 2px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); } #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text { color: #999; font-size: 15px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text h4 { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 20px; font-weight: 900; } #cookie-notice.cn-bottom { bottom: 1vw; } #cookie-notice.cn-top { top: 1vw; } #cookie-notice .button, #cookie-notice .button-bootstrap, #cookie-notice .button.wp-default { display: block !important; margin-top: 20px; color: #fff !important; background: none; text-shadow: none !important; -webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear !important; transition: all 0.2s linear !important; border: none !important; border-radius: 0 !important; padding: 0 1.95em !important; line-height: 2.5rem !important; } #cookie-notice .button:hover, #cookie-notice .button-bootstrap:hover, #cookie-notice .button.wp-default:hover { opacity: 0.8; } #cookie-notice .button.wp-default:hover { background: #262626 !important; } @media only screen and (max-width: 991px) { #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text { font-size: 13px; } #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text h4 { font-size: 16px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { #cookie-notice { width: 100%; } #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text { font-size: 13px; } #cookie-notice #cn-notice-text h4 { font-size: 16px; } .vc_row.columns-mobile-reverse { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-box-direction: reverse; -webkit-flex-direction: column-reverse; -ms-flex-direction: column-reverse; flex-direction: column-reverse; } } #cookie-notice .button.bootstrap { background-color: #1e71d8; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.79rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 1px; text-align: center; height: 2.642rem; box-shadow: none !important; } /** Category -- Upcoming Events **/ .bm-next-event { font-family: "Dosis",sans-serif !important; text-align: center; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.3em; font-size: 32px; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: none; -webkit-transition: color 0.3s; outline: none; cursor: pointer; color: #225577; margin-bottom: 20px !important; padding: 20px 0; } .bm-next-upcoming-event { // box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 3px #00000020; // padding: 20px; } .bm-next-upcoming-event h3 { font-family: "Dosis",sans-serif !important; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0; line-height: 1.4em; text-transform: none; font-size: 1.6em; -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; -webkit-transition: color 0.3s; outline: none; cursor: pointer; color: var(--tec-color-link-accent); text-decoration: none; } .bm-next-upcoming-event { margin-bottom: 40px !important; } .bm-jobs-grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 70px; // width:0%; margin-bottom: 50px } .bm-jobs-grid__item { } .bm-jobs-grid__item h2 { font-size: 28px; line-height: 1; border-bottom: 1px dashed #e1e1e3; padding: 0 0 0.6em; margin: 0 0 0.6em; } .bm-jobs-grid__item > a { line-height: normal; box-shadow: none; background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom,rgba(255,255,255,.2) 0,rgba(255,255,255,.01) 100%); background-repeat: repeat-x; font-size: 12px; color: #FFF !important; border-color: #225577 !important; background-color: #225577 !important; padding: 6px; border-radius: 3px; margin-top: 20px; display: inline-block; } .post-type-archive-job-vacancies #search-4, .post-type-archive-job-vacancies #archives-7 { display: none } .job-directory h1 { margin-bottom: 0.6em; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1; border-bottom: 1px dashed #e1e1e3; padding: 0 0 0.6em; margin: 0 0 0.6em; margin-top: .6em; } .job-directory h2 { margin-bottom: 15px !important; margin-top: 30px; font-size: 28px!important; line-height: 1; } .bm-terms-footer { margin: 80px 0 50px !important; } .bm-terms-footer h2 { font-size: 20px !important; text-align: center; background-color: #225577; color: white !important; padding: 17px !important; line-height: 1.3; } .bm-donate-row { display: flex; column-gap: 40px; margin: 80px 0 50px; } .bm-donate-row > div { width: 50% !important } .bm-donate-row img { height: 75px; width: auto !important; display: block !important; margin: 40px auto } .bm-donate-row h3 { color: white; background: #225577; padding: 6px } .page-id-822 #custom_html-8, .postid-17871 #custom_html-8, .page-id-822 #custom_html-10, .postid-17871 #custom_html-10, .page-id-822 #custom_html-6, .postid-17871 #custom_html-6, .page-id-822 #custom_html-5, .postid-17871 #custom_html-5 { display: none !important; } .bm-btn-row { display: flex; gap: 10px } .bm-btn-row a { display: inline-block !important; background-color: #235577; color: white !important; padding: 10px 40px !important } .bm-btn-row a br { display: none !important } .bm-link-button { display: inline-block !important; background-color: #235577; color: white !important; padding: 10px 40px !important; margin-right: 5px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; } .postid-22407 #custom_html-8, .postid-22407 #custom_html-10, .postid-22407 #custom_html-6, .postid-22407 #custom_html-5 { display: none !important; } .postid-24998 #custom_html-8, .postid-24998 #custom_html-10, .postid-24998 #custom_html-6, .postid-24998 #custom_html-5, .postid-24998 #custom_html-3 { display: none !important; } #custom_html-14, #custom_html-15 { text-align: center } #custom_html-14 a.vc_btn3 , #custom_html-15 a.vc_btn3{ text-align: center; margin: 0 auto !important; display: block; background: rgb(0, 131, 199); padding: 10px 30px !important } #custom_html-17 { display: none; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-17 { display: block; } .post-type-archive-tribe_events #custom_html-17 { display: block; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-17 { display: none!important; } body.postid-22407 .theiaStickySidebar { display: flex; flex-flow: column; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-18 { order:1; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-19 { order:2; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-20 { order:3; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-21 { order:4; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-22 { order:5; } body.postid-22407 #custom_html-23 { order:6; } body.postid-22407 aside#custom_html-3 { order: 7; } body.postid-22407 aside#custom_html-13 { order: 8; } body.postid-22407 aside#text-35 { order: 9; } body.postid-22407 aside#text-36 { order: 10; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-17 { display: block; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-17 { display: none!important; } body.postid-24998 .theiaStickySidebar { display: flex; flex-flow: column; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-18 { order:1; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-19 { order:2; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-20 { order:3; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-21 { order:4; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-22 { order:5; } body.postid-24998 #custom_html-23 { order:6; } body.postid-24998 aside#custom_html-3 { order: 7; } body.postid-24998 aside#custom_html-13 { order: 8; } body.postid-24998 aside#text-35 { order: 9; } body.postid-24998 aside#text-36 { order: 10; } /** MMTA 51st dinner sidebar **/ .postid-24849 .theiaStickySidebar { 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penci_sidebar "> <div id="main"> <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <article class="post-1278 metals type-metals status-publish hentry"> <div id="periodic-table" class="small"> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">1</div> <div class="letter">H</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-16 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">2</div> <div class="letter">He</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Li" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">3</div> <div class="letter">Li</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Be" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">4</div> <div class="letter">Be</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-10 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">5</div> <div class="letter">B</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">6</div> <div class="letter">C</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">7</div> <div class="letter">N</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">8</div> <div class="letter">O</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">9</div> <div class="letter">F</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">10</div> <div class="letter">Ne</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">11</div> <div class="letter">Na</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Mg" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">12</div> <div class="letter">Mg</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-10 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">13</div> <div class="letter">Al</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Si" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">14</div> <div class="letter">Si</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">15</div> <div class="letter">P</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">16</div> <div class="letter">S</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">17</div> <div class="letter">Cl</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">18</div> <div class="letter">Ar</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">19</div> <div class="letter">K</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ca" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">20</div> <div class="letter">Ca</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Sc" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">21</div> <div class="letter">Sc</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ti" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">22</div> <div class="letter">Ti</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/V" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">23</div> <div class="letter">V</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Cr" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">24</div> <div class="letter">Cr</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Mn" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">25</div> <div class="letter">Mn</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">26</div> <div class="letter">Fe</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Co" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">27</div> <div class="letter">Co</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">28</div> <div class="letter">Ni</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">29</div> <div class="letter">Cu</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">30</div> <div class="letter">Zn</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ga" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">31</div> <div class="letter">Ga</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ge" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">32</div> <div class="letter">Ge</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/As" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">33</div> <div class="letter">As</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Se" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">34</div> <div class="letter">Se</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">35</div> <div class="letter">Br</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">36</div> <div class="letter">Kr</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">37</div> <div class="letter">Rb</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Sr" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">38</div> <div class="letter">Sr</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Y" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">39</div> <div class="letter">Y</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Zr" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">40</div> <div class="letter">Zr</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Nb" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">41</div> <div class="letter">Nb</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Mo" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">42</div> <div class="letter">Mo</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">43</div> <div class="letter">Tc</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ru" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">44</div> <div class="letter">Ru</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Rh" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">45</div> <div class="letter">Rh</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">46</div> <div class="letter">Pd</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">47</div> <div class="letter">Ag</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Cd" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">48</div> <div class="letter">Cd</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/In" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">49</div> <div class="letter">In</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">50</div> <div class="letter">Sn</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Sb" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">51</div> <div class="letter">Sb</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Te" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">52</div> <div class="letter">Te</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">53</div> <div class="letter">I</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">54</div> <div class="letter">Xe</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">55</div> <div class="letter">Cs</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">56</div> <div class="letter">Ba</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/La" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">57</div> <div class="letter">La</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Hf" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">72</div> <div class="letter">Hf</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/Ta" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">73</div> <div class="letter">Ta</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 48px;"> <a href="/metals/W" class="element-inner linked-element"> <div class="atomic-number">74</div> <div class="letter">W</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 " style="height: 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class="atomic-number">94</div> <div class="letter">Pu</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">95</div> <div class="letter">Am</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">96</div> <div class="letter">Cm</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">97</div> <div class="letter">Bk</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">98</div> <div class="letter">Cf</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">99</div> <div class="letter">Es</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">100</div> <div class="letter">Fm</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">101</div> <div class="letter">Md</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">102</div> <div class="letter">No</div> </a> </div> <div class="element push-0 element-bottom element-last-right" style="height: 48px;"> <a href="#" class="element-inner "> <div class="atomic-number">103</div> <div class="letter">Lr</div> </a> </div> <div class="clear" style="height: 40px"></div> <div style="float:left;height:10px;"></div> </div> <div class="ppt-element-tag"> <span class="atomic-number">49</span> <span class="atomic-symbol">In </span> <span class="atomic-weight">114.818</span> </div> <h1> In - <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/metals/in/" title="Indium"> Indium </a> </h1> <a class='to-metal-norm-section' href='/metal-norms/#metal-indium'>See metal norms for Indium <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i> </a> <br><br> <table class="ppt-elements-table"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b>Chemical Element</b></td> <td>Indium</td> <td><b>Melting Point °C</b></td> <td>156.5985</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Chemical Symbol</b></td> <td>In</td> <td><b>Boiling Point °C</b></td> <td>2080</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Atomic Number</b></td> <td>49</td> <td><b>Density g/cm<sup>3</sup></b></td> <td>7.3</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Atomic Weight</b></td> <td>114.818</td> <td><b>Oxide</b></td> <td>In2O3</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><b>Properties</b></p> <p>Indium is a soft, silvery metal that is a member of Group 13 of the Periodic Table. It is the 69th most abundant element within the Earth’s crust. It is stable in air and water, but dissolves in acids. Indium is very characteristic as being extremely ductile in its metal form, which is unusual for most metals. This is due to it having one of the longest liquid range of all the elements.</p> <p><b>History</b></p> <p>Indium was discovered in 1863 by Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Richter at the Frieberg School of Mines in Germany. Reich was Professor of Physics and was investigating a sample of the mineral zinc blende (now known as sphalerite, ZnS), which he believed might contain the recently discovered thallium. He produced a yellow precipitate which he thought was thallium sulfide, but his atomic spectroscope showed lines that were not those of thallium. Because he was colour blind, he referred to his colleague, Richter, to look at the spectrum, and what he saw was a brilliant violet line, giving rise to the name ‘indium’ for the new element. They realised that a significant amount of indium must be present in the zinc blende, and were able to isolate a small sample of the new element. Together they published a paper announcing the discovery but later fell out when Richter exhibited samples of the new metal at the Academie des Sciences, Paris, in April 1867, and attempted to claim the discovery for himself alone.</p> <p><b>Sources</b></p> <p>Although an indium mineral, ‘indite’, has been discovered in Siberia, it is too rare to extract. Indium is instead recovered as a by-product of lead and zinc smelting, and occurs in lead and zinc sulphide ores at a frequency of 1%. The world production of indium is approximately 75mts per year with over 1,500mts in reserves, and in 2009 the world total was about 600mts (including that which is recycled). The main producing nations are naturally those involved in lead and zinc production. These are: the US, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Peru, Russia and others. A great deal of indium is recycled, mainly from processes such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) sputtering, (an inefficient process wasting approximately 70% of the indium used). This 70% is recovered mainly in China, Japan and South Korea, where the production and sputtering of ITO takes place. At times, when indium prices are high, indium is recovered from scrap LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) panels themselves, however this is otherwise not economically viable.</p> <p><b>Uses</b></p> <p>Today indium is mainly consumed in the form of ITO, and this is the application with the biggest global consumption. ITO is such a popular use for indium, as it sticks to glass and when evaporated and allowed to deposit onto a substrate such as glass, it creates a mirror effect more reflective and corrosion resistant than silver. ITO applications revolve around its electric conductivity, and are thus used in LCDs for flat panel devices (such as mobile phone, computer and TV screens), as a solder, alloys, electrical components and semiconductors. The semiconductors or transistors are made of low-melting alloys: indium arsenide (InAs) and indium antimonide (InSb). The isotope indium 115 is used in a more obscure application, as a way of assessing the inner workings of nuclear reactors, due to its high-neutron capturing abilities. A relatively new application of indium is as a semiconductor in the compound copper-indium-gallium-diselenide (CIGS) used in solar panels.</p> <div> <div><em>References</em></div> <div> <ul> <li>Emsley, John. <i>Nature’s Building Blocks, An A-Z Guide to the Elements, New Edition</i>, Oxford University Press, 2011</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Gray, Theodore. <i>The Elements, A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe</i>, Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, Inc, NY, 2009</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Stwertka, Albert. <i>A Guide to the Elements, 3rd Edition</i>, Oxford University Press, 2012</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="hatom-extra" style="display:none !important;visibility:hidden;"><span class="entry-title">Indium</span> was last modified: <span class="updated"> June 24th, 2016</span> by <span class="author vcard"><span class="fn">MMTA</span></span></div> </article> </div> </div>  <div id="sidebar" > <div class="theiaStickySidebar"> <div class='metals-sidebar'> <div class='sidebar-links widget'> <h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Further Information</span></h4> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/members-directory/">Members’ Directory</a> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/useful-links/">Useful Links</a> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/metal-norms/">Metal Norms</a> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/category/crucible/">Search Articles</a> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/resources/">Resources</a> </div> </div> <aside id="text-20" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Join Us</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"><p>Join the MMTA today and enjoy the benefits of being part of the world's largest trade association focussed exclusively on minor metals.</p> <br> <div class="vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_do_btn" ><a class="vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-rounded vc_btn3-style-modern vc_btn3-color-grey" href="/join-the-mmta/" title="">Join Us</a></div></div> </aside> </div> </div>   </div> <div class="clear-footer"></div> <div id="widget-area"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-widget-wrapper"> <aside id="text-6" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Explore</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="http://mmta.co.uk">Home</a><br /> <a href="/members-directory">Members’ Directory</a><br /> <a href="/events">Events</a><br /> <a href="/event/mmta-international-minor-metals-conference-2025/">Conference</a><br /> <a href="/metals">Minor Metals</a><br /> <a href="/warehouses">Approved Warehouses</a><br /> <a href="/mediation-and-arbitration">Arbitration Procedures</a><br /> <a href="/about-us">About Us</a></p> </div> </aside><aside id="text-34" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">The Crucible Online: ISSN 2056-6735</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"></div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-wrapper"> <aside id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Connect</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="/join-the-mmta">Membership</a><br /> <a href="/registration-form">Register for MMTA Updates</a><br /> <a href="/contact">Contact Us</a><br /> <a href="/account">Log In</a></p> </div> </aside><aside id="text-8" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Legal</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a><br /> <a href="/disclaimers">Disclaimers</a><br /> <a href="https://mmta.co.uk/data-protection/">Privacy Policy </a></p> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="footer-widget-wrapper last"> <aside id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"><h4 class="widget-title penci-border-arrow"><span class="inner-arrow">Contact</span></h4> <div class="textwidget"><p><i class="fa fa-map-marker"></i><br /> Medway Bridge House,<br /> 1-8 Fairmeadow,<br /> Maidstone,<br /> Kent,<br /> ME14 1JP<br /> United Kingdom<br /> <br /> <i class="fa fa-phone"></i><br /> <a href="tel:+442078330237">+44 (0)207 833 0237</a></p> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="footer-section"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer-logo-copyright footer-not-logo"> <div id="footer-copyright"> <p>@2016 MMTA. 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