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<li id="toc-Greeting_and_introduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greeting_and_introduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Greeting and introduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greeting_and_introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verse_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Verse 2</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missionaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missionaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Missionaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Missionaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_of_Diotrephes" 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aria-controls="toc-Authorship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Authorship subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Authorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Date_and_location_of_writing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_and_location_of_writing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Date and location of writing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_and_location_of_writing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscripts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscripts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Manuscripts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscripts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canonical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canonical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Canonical history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canonical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Third Epistle of John</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Johannes" title="3 Johannes – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="3 Johannes" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A9" title="رسالة يوحنا الثالثة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسالة يوحنا الثالثة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%93%DC%AA%DC%AC%DC%90_%DC%95%DC%AC%DC%A0%DC%AC_%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%98%DC%9A%DC%A2%DC%A2" title="ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܬܠܬ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܓܪܬܐ ܕܬܠܬ ܕܝܘܚܢܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iok-h%C4%81n_Sam-su" title="Iok-hān Sam-su – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iok-hān Sam-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%96_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Трэці ліст Яна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Трэці ліст Яна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Трэцяе пасланьне Яна Багаслова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Трэцяе пасланьне Яна Багаслова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Трето съборно послание на свети апостол Иоана Богослова – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Трето съборно послание на свети апостол Иоана Богослова" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Briaf_vom_Johannes" title="3. Briaf vom Johannes – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="3. Briaf vom Johannes" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trede_lizher_Sant_Yann" title="Trede lizher Sant Yann – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trede lizher Sant Yann" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_carta_de_Joan" title="Tercera carta de Joan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tercera carta de Joan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%99et%C3%AD_list_Jan%C5%AFv" title="Třetí list Janův – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Třetí list Janův" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Johane" title="3 Johane – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="3 Johane" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%27_Tredje_Brev" title="Johannes' Tredje Brev – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes' Tredje Brev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Brief_des_Johannes" title="3. Brief des Johannes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="3. Brief des Johannes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannese_kolmas_kiri" title="Johannese kolmas kiri – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Johannese kolmas kiri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%84_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Γ΄ Επιστολή Ιωάννη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γ΄ Επιστολή Ιωάννη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tercera_ep%C3%ADstola_de_Juan" title="Tercera epístola de Juan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tercera epístola de Juan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-a_epistolo_de_Johano" title="3-a epistolo de Johano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="3-a epistolo de Johano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanen_Hirugarren_Gutuna" title="Joanen Hirugarren Gutuna – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Joanen Hirugarren Gutuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85_%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نامه سوم یوحنا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نامه سوم یوحنا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troisi%C3%A8me_%C3%A9p%C3%AEtre_de_Jean" title="Troisième épître de Jean – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Troisième épître de Jean" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredde_Brief_fan_Jehannes" title="Tredde Brief fan Jehannes – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tredde Brief fan Jehannes" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%AD%C3%BA_Litir_Naomh_Eoin" title="Tríú Litir Naomh Eoin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tríú Litir Naomh Eoin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="जुांवाचें तिस्रें पत्र – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="जुांवाचें तिस्रें पत्र" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98_%EC%84%B8%EC%A7%B8_%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%80" title="요한의 세째 편지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="요한의 세째 편지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D6%80%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B2%D5%A9" title="Հովհաննես առաքյալի երրորդ թուղթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հովհաննես առաքյալի երրորդ թուղթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%C4%87a_Ivanova_poslanica" title="Treća Ivanova poslanica – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Treća Ivanova poslanica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Yohanes_yang_Ketiga" title="Surat Yohanes yang Ketiga – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Surat Yohanes yang Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_Johane" title="3 Johane – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="3 Johane" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terza_lettera_di_Giovanni" title="Terza lettera di Giovanni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terza lettera di Giovanni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA" title="איגרת יוחנן השלישית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגרת יוחנן השלישית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Yohanes" title="III Yohanes – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="III Yohanes" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94_%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B._%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94)" title="ეპისტოლე წმ. მოციქულისა იოანესი (მესამე) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეპისტოლე წმ. მოციქულისა იოანესი (მესამე)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwandiko_rwa_III_rwa_Yohana" title="Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Urwandiko rwa III rwa Yohana" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waraka_wa_tatu_wa_Yohane" title="Waraka wa tatu wa Yohane – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Waraka wa tatu wa Yohane" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistula_III_Ioannis" title="Epistula III Ioannis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Epistula III Ioannis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81%C5%86a_3._v%C4%93stule" title="Jāņa 3. vēstule – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāņa 3. vēstule" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%C4%8Diasis_Jono_lai%C5%A1kas" title="Trečiasis Jono laiškas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trečiasis Jono laiškas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terza_letera_de%27_Giuan" title="Terza letera de' Giuan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Terza letera de' Giuan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_harmadik_levele" title="János harmadik levele – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="János harmadik levele" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Трето послание на апостол Јован – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Трето послание на апостол Јован" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taratasy_fahatelo_nosoratan%27_i_Joany" title="Taratasy fahatelo nosoratan' i Joany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taratasy fahatelo nosoratan' i Joany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82_3" title="യോഹന്നാന്റെ ലേഖനം 3 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യോഹന്നാന്റെ ലേഖനം 3" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87" title="رسالة يوحنا التالته – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رسالة يوحنا التالته" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Yohanes_yang_Ketiga" title="Surat Yohanes yang Ketiga – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Surat Yohanes yang Ketiga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B3k-h%C3%A2ng,_S%C4%83ng_C%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Iók-hâng, Săng Cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iók-hâng, Săng Cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9F%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A9%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%85%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ဩဝါဒစာတတိယစောင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှင်ယောဟန်ဩဝါဒစာတတိယစောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derde_brief_van_Johannes" title="Derde brief van Johannes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Derde brief van Johannes" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%81%AE%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99%E4%B8%89" title="ヨハネの手紙三 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネの手紙三" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%E2%80%99_tredje_brev" title="Johannes’ tredje brev – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes’ tredje brev" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._List_Jana" title="3. List Jana – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="3. List Jana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_Ep%C3%ADstola_de_Jo%C3%A3o" title="Terceira Epístola de João – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terceira Epístola de João" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_treia_epistol%C4%83_a_lui_Ioan" title="A treia epistolă a lui Ioan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A treia epistolă a lui Ioan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huwanpa_kimsa_%C3%B1iqin_qillqasqan" title="Huwanpa kimsa ñiqin qillqasqan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Huwanpa kimsa ñiqin qillqasqan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Третье послание Иоанна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Третье послание Иоанна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_le_tusi_e_tolu_a_Ioane" title="O le tusi e tolu a Ioane – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="O le tusi e tolu a Ioane" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Third Epistle of John – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Third Epistle of John" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tret%C3%AD_J%C3%A1nov_list" title="Tretí Jánov list – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tretí Jánov list" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Janezovo_pismo" title="3. Janezovo pismo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="3. Janezovo pismo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%9B%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Трећа посланица Јованова – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Трећа посланица Јованова" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tre%C4%87a_Ivanova_poslanica" title="Treća Ivanova poslanica – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Treća Ivanova poslanica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmas_Johanneksen_kirje" title="Kolmas Johanneksen kirje – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kolmas Johanneksen kirje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tredje_Johannesbrevet" title="Tredje Johannesbrevet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tredje Johannesbrevet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="3 யோவான் (நூல்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="3 யோவான் (நூல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3" title="จดหมายของนักบุญยอห์น ฉบับที่ 3 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จดหมายของนักบุญยอห์น ฉบับที่ 3" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/3._Yuhanna" title="3. Yuhanna – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="3. Yuhanna" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-%D1%82%D1%94_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%86%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="3-тє послання Івана – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="3-тє послання Івана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="یوحنا کا تیسرا خط – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یوحنا کا تیسرا خط" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%87%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%88%DA%86%D9%89%D9%86%DA%86%D9%89_%D8%AE%DB%95%D8%AA" title="يۇھاننا يازغان ئۈچىنچى خەت – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يۇھاننا يازغان ئۈچىنچى خەت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatulo_nga_Sur%C3%A1t_ni_Ju%C3%A1n" title="Ikatulo nga Surát ni Juán – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ikatulo nga Surát ni Juán" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%A6" title="约翰三书 – Wu" lang="wuu" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Testament" title="Category:New Testament">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ccccff;">Books of the<br /><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P46.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/120px-P46.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/180px-P46.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/P46.jpg/240px-P46.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="819" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Papyrus 46, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/New_Testament_papyri" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a>, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles_(genre)" title="Acts of the Apostles (genre)">Acts</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Four Evangelists</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Luke–Acts">Lukan Acts</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts of the Apostles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apocalypse" title="Apocalypse">Apocalypse</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic epistles</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3 John</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <dl><dt>Apocalypse</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorship of the New Testament">Authorship</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_Luke%E2%80%93Acts" title="Authorship of Luke–Acts">Luke-Acts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Johannine works</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Pauline_epistles" title="Authorship of the Pauline epistles">Pauline epistles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrine_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrine epistles">Petrine epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddddff;font-size:105%;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Related topics</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_manuscript" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament manuscript">New Testament manuscripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic Gospels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">epistles</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral epistles</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#ddddff;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Template talk:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Books_of_the_New_Testament" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Books of the New Testament"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Followers_of_Jesus" title="Category:Followers of Jesus">a series</a> of articles on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle">John in the Bible</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s"><img alt=""St John the Evangelist" by Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri), 1620s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/180px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/270px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg/360px-Zampieri_St_John_Evangelist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4569" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Evangelist_(Domenichino)" title="Saint John the Evangelist (Domenichino)">Saint John the Evangelist</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Johannine_literature" title="Johannine literature">Johannine literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Events_of_Revelation" title="Events of Revelation">Events</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">Beloved disciple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">Evangelist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Patmos" title="John of Patmos">Patmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Presbyter" title="John the Presbyter">Presbyter</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Related literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John" title="Acts of John">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_John_in_Rome" title="Acts of John in Rome">Acts in Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_Gospel" title="Signs Gospel">Signs Gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_community" title="Johannine community">Johannine community</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Logos_(Christianity)" title="Logos (Christianity)">Logos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_in_Johannine_literature" title="Holy Spirit in Johannine literature">Holy Spirit in Johannine literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John%27s_vision_of_the_Son_of_Man" title="John's vision of the Son of Man">John's vision of the Son of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_people_named_John" title="New Testament people named John">New Testament people named John</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John" title="Template:John"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John" title="Template talk:John"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Third Epistle of John</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the third-to-last book of the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> and the Christian Bible as a whole, and attributed to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, traditionally thought to be the author of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">Gospel of John</a> and the other two epistles of John. The Third Epistle of John is a personal letter sent by "the elder" (the <a href="/wiki/Presbyter" title="Presbyter">presbyter</a>) to a man named <a href="/wiki/Gaius_(biblical_figure)" title="Gaius (biblical figure)">Gaius</a>, recommending to him a group of Christians led by <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_(biblical_figure)" title="Demetrius (biblical figure)">Demetrius</a>, which had come to preach the gospel in the area where Gaius lived. The purpose of the letter is to encourage and strengthen Gaius, and to warn him against <a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a>, who refuses to cooperate with the author of the letter. </p><p>Early church literature contains no mention of the epistle, with the first reference to it appearing in the middle of the third century AD. This lack of documentation, though likely due to the extreme brevity of the epistle, caused early church writers to doubt its authenticity until the early 5th century, when it was accepted into the canon along with the other two epistles of John. The language of 3 John echoes that of the Gospel of John, which is conventionally dated to around AD 90, so the epistle was likely written near the end of the first century. Others contest this view, such as the scholar <a href="/wiki/John_A._T._Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. T. Robinson">John A. T. Robinson</a>, who dates 3 John to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> AD 60–65</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The location of writing is unknown, but tradition places it in <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>. The epistle is found in many of the oldest New Testament manuscripts, and its text is free of major discrepancies or textual variants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Content">Content</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no doctrine laid out in 3 John, which is strictly a personal letter, but the overall theme is the importance of hospitality, especially when it comes to men who were working to spread the gospel. Third John is the shortest book of the Bible by word count,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though 2 John has fewer verses.<sup id="cite_ref-Painter361_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Painter361-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3 John has 15 verses in the critical <a href="/wiki/SBL_Greek_New_Testament" title="SBL Greek New Testament">SBL Greek New Testament</a> text,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 14 in the <a href="/wiki/Textus_Receptus" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the only New Testament book which does not contain the names "Jesus" or "Christ". The original Greek uses the term Ὀνόματος (Onomatos, verse 7) generally translated "Name" and referring specifically to the "Name of Jesus", but the text does not say "Jesus" or "Christ".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greeting_and_introduction">Greeting and introduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Greeting and introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The letter is written to a man named Gaius.<sup id="cite_ref-Stott_217_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stott_217-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gaius seems to have been a wealthy man, since the epistle's author, who identifies himself only as "the Elder", did not think it would impose unduly on him to host some traveling preachers for a short time.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd156_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd156-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Elder may have converted Gaius, since he calls Gaius his "child" in the faith.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd156_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd156-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Constitutions" title="Apostolic Constitutions">Apostolic Constitutions</a></i> VII.46.9 records that Gaius was made bishop of <a href="/wiki/Pergamon" title="Pergamon">Pergamon</a>, though there is no early support for this statement.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd156_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd156-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name Gaius occurs four other times in the New Testament. First, a Christian Gaius is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedonia</a> as a traveling companion of Paul, along with Aristarchus (<a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a> 19:29). One chapter later, a Gaius from <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a> is named as one of Paul's seven traveling companions who waited for him at <a href="/wiki/Troad" title="Troad">Troas</a> (Acts 20:4). Next, a Gaius is mentioned residing in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Corinth" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Corinth">Corinth</a> as being one of only a few people there (the others being Crispus and the household of Stephanas) who were baptised by <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a>, who founded the Church in that city (<a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a> 1:14). Lastly, a Gaius is referred to in a final greeting portion of the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Epistle to the Romans</a> (Romans 16:23) as Paul's "host" and also host of the whole church, in whatever city Paul is writing from at the time (probably Corinth).<sup id="cite_ref-Stott_217_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stott_217-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, there is no reason to suppose that any of these men were the Gaius of 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png/220px-MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png/330px-MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png/440px-MEIJI-MOTOYAKU_3John.png 2x" data-file-width="1170" data-file-height="1520" /></a><figcaption>Japanese translation of 3 John (1904)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_2">Verse 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Verse 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Beloved, I pray that you may prosper in all things and be in health, just as your soul prospers.</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>This verse, where the author wishes material prosperity upon Gaius similar to the prosperity of his soul, is a commonly used proof text within <a href="/wiki/Prosperity_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosperity gospel">prosperity gospel</a> teachings; opponents of the prosperity gospel consider the verse to be little more than well-wishing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (October 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missionaries">Missionaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Missionaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Elder continues the letter by commending Gaius for his loyalty and his hospitality towards a group of traveling "brothers".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "brothers" are brothers in the faith or <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>, who in accordance with Jesus's command in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a> 6:8–9 have set out on a journey without any money.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd160_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd160-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Elder then goes on to request that Gaius provide for the brothers to continue their journey.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd160_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd160-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_of_Diotrephes">Opposition of Diotrephes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Opposition of Diotrephes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Elder next describes his conflict with <a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a>, who does not acknowledge the Elder's authority and is <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunicating</a> those, like Gaius, who welcome missionaries sent by the Elder.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In verse 9 the Elder mentions a previous letter which he has written to the church which was suppressed by Diotrephes, and says that he intends to visit the church and to confront Diotrephes.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The church" is apparently known to Gaius, but he is likely not a member of it, since otherwise the Elder would not need to provide him with information about Diotrephes's activities.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd160_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd160-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute between Diotrephes and the Elder seems to be based on church leadership and authority rather than doctrine, since the Elder does not accuse Diotrephes of teaching heresy.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most scholars do not connect the letter the Elder mentions with 2 John, since 3 John does not contain any reference to the doctrinal controversy described in 2 John, and argue that the Elder is here referring to a previous letter of recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Painter_(theologian)" title="John Painter (theologian)">John Painter</a>, however, argues the Elder is in fact referring to 2 John, since there is overlap between 2 John 9 and the theme of hospitality in 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Elder closes this section with an entreaty to Gaius: "Beloved, do not imitate evil but imitate good. Whoever does good is from God; whoever does evil has not seen God."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This injunction is reminiscent of several passages in 1 John (2:3–5, 3:4–10, 4:7).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Final_greetings_and_conclusion">Final greetings and conclusion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Final greetings and conclusion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verse 12 introduces another man named Demetrius, who according to the <i>Apostolic Constitutions</i> VII.46.9 was ordained by John as bishop of <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Philadelphia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan).<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd166_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd166-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Demetrius was probably a member of the group of missionaries discussed earlier in the letter, and 3 John likely serves as a <a href="/wiki/Recommendation_letter" class="mw-redirect" title="Recommendation letter">recommendation letter</a> to Gaius about Demetrius.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd166_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd166-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recommendation letters were quite common in the early church, as evidenced by 2 Corinthians 3:1, Romans 16:1–2, and Colossians 4:7–8.<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd166_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd166-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Elder, before ending the letter, says that he has many other things to tell to Gaius, and plans to make a journey to see him in the near future, using almost the exact language of 2 John 12.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The closing verse, "Peace be to you. The friends greet you. Greet the friends, one by one", is typical of contemporary correspondence, with "<a href="/wiki/Shalom_aleichem" title="Shalom aleichem">Peace be to you</a>" a greeting adopted by Christians from the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authorship">Authorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Authorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Johannine_works" title="Authorship of the Johannine works">Authorship of the Johannine works</a></div> <p>3 John was almost certainly written by the same author who wrote <a href="/wiki/2_John" class="mw-redirect" title="2 John">2 John</a>, and likely <a href="/wiki/1_John" class="mw-redirect" title="1 John">1 John</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookelxxiii_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookelxxiii-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This individual may have been John the Evangelist himself or someone else, perhaps <a href="/wiki/John_the_Presbyter" title="John the Presbyter">John the Presbyter</a>, though according to scholar <a href="/wiki/C._H._Dodd" title="C. H. Dodd">C. H. Dodd</a>, "If we attempt to ... identify the anonymous author of these epistles with some known individual, we have little but surmise to go on."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are many similarities between 2 and 3 John. Both follow the format of other personal letters of the era; in both the author self-identifies as "the Presbyter",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a term which literally means "the elder";<sup id="cite_ref-Dodd155_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodd155-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both deal with themes of hospitality and conflict within the church.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also extremely similar in length, probably because they were both written to fit on one papyrus sheet.<sup id="cite_ref-Brookelxxiii_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brookelxxiii-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>3 John is also linguistically similar to both 2 John and other Johannine works. Of 99 different words used, 21 are unimportant words like "and" or "the", leaving 78 significant words. 23 of these do not appear in 1 John or the Gospel of John, of which four are unique to 3 John, one is common to 2 and 3 John, and two are found in both 2 and 3 John as well as in other New Testament writings. Approximately 30% of the significant words in 3 John do not appear in 1 John or the Gospel, compared to 20% for 2 John.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These considerations indicate a close affinity between 2 and 3 John, though 2 John is more strongly connected with 1 John than it is with 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-Painter361_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Painter361-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A minority of scholars, however, argue against common authorship of 2 and 3 John, and <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Bultmann" title="Rudolf Bultmann">Rudolf Bultmann</a> held that 2 John was a forgery based on 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>If 3 John was written by John the Apostle, however, it is strange that <a href="/wiki/Diotrephes" title="Diotrephes">Diotrephes</a> would oppose him since the apostles were highly respected in the early church.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One possible alternative view of the epistle's authorship arises from a fragment written by <a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a> and quoted by Eusebius which mentions a man named "the Presbyter John". However, since nothing else is known of this individual it is not possible to positively identify him as the author of 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_and_location_of_writing">Date and location of writing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Date and location of writing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All three letters of John were likely written within a few years of each other, and internal evidence indicates that they were written after the Gospel of John, placing them in the second half of the first century.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dating makes sense given their allusions and opposition to <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnostic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Docetism" title="Docetism">docetic</a> teaching, which denied the full humanity of Jesus, and which was gaining ascendancy at the end of the first century.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_101_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_101-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dodd argues for a date between 96 and 110 A.D., concluding from the absence of references to persecution in the letters that they were probably written after the harsh reign (AD 81–96) of the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a>, whose persecution of Christians seems to have prompted the writing of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Book of Revelation</a>. Dodd notes, however, that they could have been written in the pre-Domitian era, which is likely if the author was a personal disciple of Jesus.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marshall suggests a date of between the 60s and 90s.<sup id="cite_ref-IHM48_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IHM48-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rensberger suggests a dating of around 100, assuming that the Gospel of John was written in the 90s and the letters must have followed after.<sup id="cite_ref-Rensberger30_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rensberger30-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown argues for a date of between 100 and 110, with all three letters composed in close time proximity.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_101_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_101-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A date past 110–115 is unlikely, as parts of 1 John and 2 John are quoted by Polycarp and Papias.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The letters do not indicate the location of authorship, but since the earliest quotations of them (in the writings of Polycarp, Papias, and Irenaeus) come from the province of <a href="/wiki/Asia_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Minor">Asia Minor</a>, it is likely that the epistles were also written in Asia.<sup id="cite_ref-Doddlxvii_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doddlxvii-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Church tradition typically places them in the city of <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rensberger30_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rensberger30-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscripts">Manuscripts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Manuscripts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>3 John is preserved in many of the old manuscripts of the New Testament. Of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Great_uncial_codices" title="Great uncial codices">great uncial codices</a>, codices <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Sinaiticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Alexandrinus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Vaticanus</a> contain all three Johannine epistles, while <a href="/wiki/Codex_Ephraemi_Rescriptus" title="Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus">Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus</a> contains 3 John 3–15 along with 1 John 1:1–4. <a href="/wiki/Codex_Bezae" title="Codex Bezae">Codex Bezae</a>, while missing most of the Catholic epistles, contains 3 John 11–15 in Latin translation. In languages other than Greek, the <a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coptic_versions_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic versions of the Bible">Sahidic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bible_translations_into_Armenian" title="Bible translations into Armenian">Armenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philoxenian_version" title="Philoxenian version">Philoxenian Syriac</a>, and Ethiopian versions contain all three epistles.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between the different copies there are no major difficulties or differences, meaning that there is very little doubt over determining the original text.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canonical_history">Canonical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Canonical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Development of the Christian biblical canon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_biblical_canons" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian biblical canons">Christian biblical canons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></div> <p>There are some doubtful similarities between passages in the Johannine epistles and the writings of <a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp</a> and Papias,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the earliest definitive references to the epistles come from the late second century.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Detection_and_Overthrow_of_the_So-Called_Gnosis" class="mw-redirect" title="On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis">Adversus Haereses</a></i> 3.16.8 (written <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 180</span>), quotes 2 John 7 and 8, and in the next sentence 1 John 4:1, 2, but does not distinguish between 1 and 2 John; he does not quote from 3 John.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Muratorian_Canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Muratorian Canon">Muratorian Canon</a> seems to refer to two letters of John only,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it is possible to interpret it as referring to three.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1 John is extensively cited by <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, who died in 215, and <a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a>, in addition to quoting 1 John, wrote a commentary on 2 John in his <i>Adumbrationes</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All three Johannine epistles were recognized by the 39th festal letter of <a href="/wiki/Athanasius" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasius">Athanasius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Councils_of_Carthage#Synod_of_397" title="Councils of Carthage">Council of Carthage (397)</a>. Additionally <a href="/wiki/Didymus_the_Blind" title="Didymus the Blind">Didymus the Blind</a> wrote a commentary on all three epistles, showing that by the early 5th century they were being considered as a single unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_11-12_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_11-12-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first reference to 3 John is in the middle of the third century; <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Origen" title="Origen">Origen</a> knew of both 2 and 3 John, however Origen is reported as saying "all do not consider them genuine".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Pope Dionysius of Alexandria</a>, Origen's pupil, was aware of a "reputed Second or Third Epistle of John". Also around this time 3 John is thought to have been known in North Africa as it was referred to in the <i>Sententiae Episcoporum</i> produced by the Seventh Council of Carthage.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was doubt about the authority of 3 John, however, with Eusebius listing it and 2 John as "<a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">disputed books</a>" despite describing them as "well-known and acknowledged by most". Although Eusebius believed the Apostle wrote the Gospel and the epistles, it is likely that doubt about the fidelity of the author of 2 and 3 John was a factor in causing them to be disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown,_11-12_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown,_11-12-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the fourth century the Presbyter (author of 2 and 3 John) was thought to be a different person than the Apostle John. This opinion, although reported by <a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a>, was not held by all, as Jerome himself attributed the epistles to John the Apostle.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John the Apostle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_variants_in_the_New_Testament#Third_Epistle_of_John" title="Textual variants in the New Testament">Textual variants in the Third Epistle of John</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The book is sometimes called the <b>Third Letter of John</b>, or simply <b>3 John</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (which is also its most common form of abbreviation).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiPouAEACAAJ"><i>ESV Pew Bible</i></a>. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 1026. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4335-6343-0"><bdi>978-1-4335-6343-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603093159/https://www.google.com/books/edition/ESV_Pew_Bible_Black/HiPouAEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=ESV+Pew+Bible&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+IL&rft.pages=1026&rft.pub=Crossway&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4335-6343-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiPouAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">"Bible Book Abbreviations"</a>. <i>Logos Bible Software</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421100743/https://www.logos.com/bible-book-abbreviations">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Logos+Bible+Software&rft.atitle=Bible+Book+Abbreviations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logos.com%2Fbible-book-abbreviations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John A. T. Robinson, chap. IX</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKranz2014" class="citation web cs1">Kranz, Jeffrey (29 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://overviewbible.com/word-counts-books-of-bible/">"Word counts for every book of the Bible"</a>. <i>The Overview Bible Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-10-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Overview+Bible+Project&rft.atitle=Word+counts+for+every+book+of+the+Bible&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.aulast=Kranz&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foverviewbible.com%2Fword-counts-books-of-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Painter361-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Painter361_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Painter361_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 361</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=3+John+1:15&version=sblgnt">3 John 1:15</a>: SBL Greek New Testament</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=3+John+1:14&version=tr1550">3 John 1:14</a>: Textus Receptus</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 727</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stott_217-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stott_217_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stott_217_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stott, 217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodd156-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd156_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd156_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd156_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 156</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stott, 217–218</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=3+John+1:2&version=nkjv">3 John 1:2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 371</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodd160-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd160_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd160_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd160_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 374–375</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 374–375; Stott, 227</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 160; Painter, 363</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 374–376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">3 John 11, ESV</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 165–166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodd166-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd166_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd166_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dodd166_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 380</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brookelxxiii-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brookelxxiii_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brookelxxiii_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooke, lxxiii, lxxv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, lxix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodd155-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dodd155_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, 155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Painter, 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, lxii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, lxvi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 15–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schnackenburg, 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schnackenburg, 268–269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 100–101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_101-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_101_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_101_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 101</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, xxviii–lxix, lxx–lxxi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IHM48-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IHM48_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall, 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rensberger30-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rensberger30_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rensberger30_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rensberger, 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rensberger, 29–30; Brooke, lviii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doddlxvii-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Doddlxvii_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, lxvii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plummer, 63–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooke, lxiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schnackenburg, 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dodd, xiv</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall, 48–49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown,_11-12-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_11-12_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown,_11-12_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 11–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 11; Brooke, lix</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brooke, lxii; Brown, 12</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke1912" class="citation book cs1">Brooke, A. E. (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.150804"><i>A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Johannine Epistles</i></a>. International Critical Commentary. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/355394">355394</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+and+Exegetical+Commentary+on+the+Johannine+Epistles&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=International+Critical+Commentary&rft.pub=C.+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1912&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F355394&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.150804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1982" class="citation book cs1">Brown, R. E. (1982). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epistlesofjohn00brow_0"><i>The Epistles of John</i></a></span>. Anchor Bible, 30. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385056861" title="Special:BookSources/9780385056861"><bdi>9780385056861</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epistles+of+John&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.series=Anchor+Bible%2C+30&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=9780385056861&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepistlesofjohn00brow_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodd,_C._H.1946" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._H._Dodd" title="C. H. Dodd">Dodd, C. H.</a> (1946). <i>The Johannine Epistles</i>. London: Hodder and Stoughton Limited. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/384916">384916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Johannine+Epistles&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton+Limited&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F384916&rft.au=Dodd%2C+C.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall_I._H.1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/I._Howard_Marshall" title="I. Howard Marshall">Marshall I. H.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gby-zhPba2AC"><i>The Epistles of John</i></a>. The New International Commetry on the New Testament. William B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802825186" title="Special:BookSources/9780802825186"><bdi>9780802825186</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3609574">3609574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epistles+of+John&rft.series=The+New+International+Commetry+on+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3609574&rft.isbn=9780802825186&rft.au=Marshall+I.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgby-zhPba2AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPainter,_John2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Painter_(theologian)" title="John Painter (theologian)">Painter, John</a> (2002). Daniel J. Harrington (ed.). <i>1, 2, and 3 John</i>. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0814658121" title="Special:BookSources/0814658121"><bdi>0814658121</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1%2C+2%2C+and+3+John&rft.place=Collegeville%2C+Minnesota&rft.pub=Liturical+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0814658121&rft.au=Painter%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlummer,_A.1890" class="citation book cs1">Plummer, A. (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/epistlesofstjohn00plumuoft"><i>The Epistles of St. John</i></a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epistles+of+St.+John&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1890&rft.au=Plummer%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fepistlesofstjohn00plumuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRensberger,_D.1997" class="citation book cs1">Rensberger, D. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cwYHWhYgO-gC"><i>1 John, 2 John, 3 John</i></a>. Abingdon New Testament Commentaries. Abingdon Press, Nashville. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780687057221" title="Special:BookSources/9780687057221"><bdi>9780687057221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1+John%2C+2+John%2C+3+John&rft.series=Abingdon+New+Testament+Commentaries&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press%2C+Nashville&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780687057221&rft.au=Rensberger%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcwYHWhYgO-gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1976" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, J. A. T. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071120235525/http://www.preteristarchive.com/Books/1976_robinson_redating-testament.html"><i>Redating the New Testament</i></a>. Wipf & Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57910-527-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-57910-527-0"><bdi>1-57910-527-0</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Redating+the+New+Testament&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=1-57910-527-0&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.preteristarchive.com%2FBooks%2F1976_robinson_redating-testament.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnackenburg,_Rudolf1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schnackenburg" title="Rudolf Schnackenburg">Schnackenburg, Rudolf</a> (1992). <i>The Jonannine Epistles</i>. Translated by Reginald and Ilse Fuller. New York: Crossroads.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jonannine+Epistles&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crossroads&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Schnackenburg%2C+Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStott,_J._R._W.1964" class="citation book cs1">Stott, J. R. W. (1964). <i>The Epistles of John</i>. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/814439581">814439581</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epistles+of+John&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1964&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F814439581&rft.au=Stott%2C+J.+R.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Epistle+of+John" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Epistle_of_John&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/3_John" class="extiw" title="wikisource:3 John">3 John</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p><b>Online translations</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/cgi-bin/bible?language=english&version=NIV&passage=3John">Read 3 John at Bible Gateway</a> (various versions)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/3john.html">Kirby, Peter. "3 John." Early Christian Writings. 2006:</a> 3 John: text, on-line and print resources</li> <li><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/search?title=NT+25:+3+John&author=&reader=&keywords=&genre_id=0&status=all&project_type=either&recorded_language=&sort_order=catalog_date&search_page=1&search_form=advanced">Bible: 3 John</a> public domain audiobook at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> Various versions</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christnotes.org/dictionary.php?dict=ebd&id=2093"><i>Easton's Bible Dictionary</i>, 1897</a></li></ul> <p><b>Commentaries</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120121063128/http://www.wlsessays.net/files/WerreJohn.pdf">The Third Epistle of the Apostle John: Exegesis and Commentary by Luke C. Werre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kretzmannproject.org/EP_MINOR/3JO.htm">The Third General Epistle of John from Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible</a></li></ul> <p><b>Other</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fprRnA1Qg8EC">The Letters of John</a> by Colin Kruse (Preview at Google Book Search)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholic-resources.org/John/Bibliog-Epistles.html">Johannine bibliography</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Third Epistle of John </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/General_epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="General epistles">General</a> <a href="/wiki/Epistles" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistles">Epistle</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">Second John</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <small><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Bible">Books of the Bible</a> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Tobit" title="Book of Tobit">Tobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Judith" title="Book of Judith">Judith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Esther#Additions_to_Esther" title="Book of Esther">Additions to Esther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Maccabees" title="1 Maccabees">1 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Maccabees" title="2 Maccabees">2 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Sirach" title="Book of Sirach">Sirach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Baruch" title="Book of Baruch">Baruch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_Jeremiah" title="Letter of Jeremiah">Letter of Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additions_to_Daniel" title="Additions to Daniel">Additions to Daniel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)" title="Susanna (Book of Daniel)">Susanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prayer_of_Azariah_and_Song_of_the_Three_Holy_Children" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children">Song of the Three Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_and_the_Dragon" title="Bel and the Dragon">Bel and the Dragon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Eastern Orthodox & others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Esdras" title="1 Esdras">1 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Esdras" title="2 Esdras">2 Esdras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Manasseh" title="Prayer of Manasseh">Prayer of Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">Psalm 151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Maccabees" title="3 Maccabees">3 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Maccabees" title="4 Maccabees">4 Maccabees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Odes_(Bible)" title="Book of Odes (Bible)">Odes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meqabyan" title="Meqabyan">1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_of_the_Words_of_Baruch" title="Rest of the Words of Baruch">Paralipomena of Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon#Broader_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">Broader canon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syriac <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">Psalms 152–155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Baruch" title="2 Baruch">2 Baruch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testaments_of_the_Three_Patriarchs" title="Testaments of the Three Patriarchs">Testaments of the Three Patriarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Isaac" title="Testament of Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Jacob" title="Testament of Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="New Testament canon">Canon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_the_Apostles" title="Acts of the Apostles">Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Romans" title="Epistle to the Romans">Romans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="First Epistle to the Corinthians">1 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Second Epistle to the Corinthians">2 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Ephesians" title="Epistle to the Ephesians">Ephesians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Philippians" title="Epistle to the Philippians">Philippians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Colossians" title="Epistle to the Colossians">Colossians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Laodiceans" title="Epistle to the Laodiceans">Laodiceans</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="First Epistle to the Thessalonians">1 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_the_Thessalonians" title="Second Epistle to the Thessalonians">2 Thessalonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="First Epistle to Timothy">1 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_to_Timothy" title="Second Epistle to Timothy">2 Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Titus" title="Epistle to Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_Philemon" title="Epistle to Philemon">Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_James" title="Epistle of James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Peter" title="First Epistle of Peter">1 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Peter" title="Second Epistle of Peter">2 Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">1 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_John" title="Second Epistle of John">2 John</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">3 John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Jude" title="Epistle of Jude">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Revelation" title="Book of Revelation">Revelation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Paul" title="Acts of Paul">Acts of Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Peter" title="Apocalypse of Peter">Apocalypse of Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didache" title="Didache">Didache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_the_Hebrews" title="Gospel of the Hebrews">Gospel of the Hebrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle_of_Barnabas" title="Epistle of Barnabas">Epistle of Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_Clement" title="First Epistle of Clement">1 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Epistle_of_Clement" title="Second Epistle of Clement">2 Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians" title="Third Epistle to the Corinthians">3 Corinthians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepherd_of_Hermas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepherd of Hermas">Shepherd of Hermas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">Chapters and verses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torah#Pentateuch" title="Torah">Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_books" title="Historical books">Historical books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisdom_literature#Sapiential_Books" title="Wisdom literature">Wisdom books</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poetic_Books" title="Poetic Books">Poetic Books</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_books" title="Prophetic books">Prophetic books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor prophets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gospels">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synoptic_Gospels" title="Synoptic Gospels">Synoptic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistle" title="Epistle">Epistles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_epistles" title="Pauline epistles">Pauline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannine_epistles" title="Johannine epistles">Johannine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastoral_epistles" title="Pastoral epistles">Pastoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_epistles" title="Catholic epistles">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_literature" title="Apocalyptic literature">Apocalyptic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authorship_of_the_Bible" title="Authorship of the Bible">Authorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Hebrew_Bible_canon" title="Development of the Hebrew Bible canon">Jewish canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertestamental_period" title="Intertestamental period">Intertestamental period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Christian_biblical_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of the Christian biblical canon">Christian canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_Old_Testament_canon" title="Development of the Old Testament canon">Old Testament canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_New_Testament_canon" title="Development of the New Testament canon">New Testament canon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilegomena" title="Antilegomena">Antilegomena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_apocrypha" title="Jewish apocrypha">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Old Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_apocrypha" title="New Testament apocrypha">New Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudepigrapha" title="Pseudepigrapha">Pseudepigrapha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Old_Testament_pseudepigrapha" title="List of Old Testament pseudepigrapha">Old Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dating_the_Bible" title="Dating the Bible">Dating the Bible</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_manuscript" title="Biblical manuscript">Manuscripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diatessaron" title="Diatessaron">Diatessaron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muratorian_fragment" title="Muratorian fragment">Muratorian fragment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vetus_Latina" title="Vetus Latina">Vetus Latina</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categories_of_New_Testament_manuscripts" title="Categories of New Testament manuscripts">New Testament manuscript categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri" title="List of New Testament papyri">New Testament papyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_uncials" title="List of New Testament uncials">New Testament uncials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_version_debate" title="Bible version debate">Bible version debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_Bible_translations" title="List of English Bible translations">English Bible translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-canonical_books_referenced_in_the_Bible" title="Non-canonical books referenced in the Bible">Other books referenced in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_texts#Christianity" title="List of religious texts">Additional Scriptures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_studies" title="Biblical studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_and_Quranic_narratives" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical and Quranic narratives">Biblical and Quranic narratives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Hippo" title="Synod of Hippo">Synod of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textual_criticism" title="Textual criticism">Textual criticism</a></li></ul> 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