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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mainstream_success_(mid–late_1990s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Mainstream success (mid–late 1990s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mainstream_success_(mid–late_1990s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_and_revival_(2000s–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_and_revival_(2000s–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Decline and revival (2000s–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_and_revival_(2000s–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" 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Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-Punk" title="Ska-Punk – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ska-Punk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-punk" title="Ska-punk – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ska-punk" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="اسکا پانک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسکا پانک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4_%ED%8E%91%ED%81%AC" title="스카 펑크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스카 펑크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%90_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="סקא פאנק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סקא פאנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-punk" title="Ska-punk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ska-punk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-punk" title="Ska-punk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ska-punk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A2" title="スカコア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スカコア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-punk" title="Ska-punk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ska-punk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Ска-панк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ска-панк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska-punk" title="Ska-punk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ska-punk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8C" title="สกาพังก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สกาพังก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk" title="Ska punk – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ska punk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Ска-панк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ска-панк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q460674#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Ska punk</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">Ska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_fusion" title="Reggae fusion">reggae fusion</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 1970s, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Skacore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crack_rock_steady" title="Crust punk">crack rock steady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ska punk</b> (also spelled <b>ska-punk</b>) is a fusion genre that mixes <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a> music and <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> music. Ska punk tends to feature <a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">brass instruments</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horns</a> such as trumpets, trombones and woodwind instruments like saxophones, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock. It is closely tied to <a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">third wave ska</a> which reached its zenith in the mid-1990s. </p><p>Before ska punk began, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills. Some music groups from the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a>, the Deadbeats, <a href="/wiki/The_Specials" title="The Specials">the Specials</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beat_(British_band)" title="The Beat (British band)">the Beat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madness_(band)" title="Madness (band)">Madness</a> fused characteristics of punk rock and ska, but many of these were punk bands playing an occasional ska-flavored song or ska bands with punk influences. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, ska-punk enjoyed its greatest success, heralded by bands such as <a href="/wiki/Fishbone" title="Fishbone">Fishbone</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones" title="The Mighty Mighty Bosstones">the Mighty Mighty Bosstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(band)" title="Sublime (band)">Sublime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Less_Than_Jake" title="Less Than Jake">Less Than Jake</a>, and more. </p><p>Ska punk had significant mainstream success in the middle-to-late 1990s, with many bands topping pop and rock music charts. The best-selling ska punk record of the era was <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Kingdom" title="Tragic Kingdom">Tragic Kingdom</a></i>, which was certified diamond by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">RIAA</a> in 1999 and was certified diamond by <a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a> in 1997. By the early 2000s, many of the bands in ska punk had broken up, and the genre lost mainstream appeal, though it continued to have <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a> popularity and featured a revival in the late 2010s with bands like <a href="/wiki/The_Interrupters_(band)" title="The Interrupters (band)">the Interrupters</a> returning to chart success, when their song "She's Kerosene" reached the top 5 on <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative</a> and rock music charts in Canada and the US, as well as in the early 2020s with <a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">hyperpop</a> duo <a href="/wiki/100_gecs" title="100 gecs">100 gecs</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/10,000_gecs" title="10,000 gecs">10,000 gecs</a></i> incorporating elements of ska punk to critical acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ska punk combines <a href="/wiki/Ska" title="Ska">ska</a> music with <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> music.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ska punk often features wind instruments, especially <a href="/wiki/Horn_(instrument)" title="Horn (instrument)">horns</a><sup id="cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SubgenresOfPunk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as saxophones, trombones<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker201674_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker201674-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and trumpets, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock. It is similar to traditional Jamaican ska, but faster and heavier.<sup id="cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SubgenresOfPunk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors_and_early_development_(late_1970s,_1980s,_early_1990s)"><span id="Predecessors_and_early_development_.28late_1970s.2C_1980s.2C_early_1990s.29"></span>Predecessors and early development (late 1970s, 1980s, early 1990s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Predecessors and early development (late 1970s, 1980s, early 1990s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opivy2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Opivy2.jpg/250px-Opivy2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Opivy2.jpg/330px-Opivy2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Opivy2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Ska punk band <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_(band)" title="Operation Ivy (band)">Operation Ivy</a> performing live at <a href="/wiki/924_Gilman_Street" title="924 Gilman Street">924 Gilman Street</a> in 1988</figcaption></figure> <p>Before ska punk started, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills together and appealed to the same audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarciniak2015xxxiii_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarciniak2015xxxiii-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Ska_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ska revival">ska revival</a> occurred simultaneously around the beginning of British punk rock and the near-simultaneous rebirth of the late 1970s British <a href="/wiki/Mod_revival" title="Mod revival">mod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">skinhead</a> movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the late 1970s and early 1980s in United Kingdom, many punk rock bands mixed punk rock with ska influences. Pioneering punk rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Clash" title="The Clash">the Clash</a> incorporated influences from ska alongside a range of other genres on their seminal 1979 <a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">post-punk</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/London_Calling" title="London Calling">London Calling</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allmusic_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allmusic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songs like 1978's "Kill the Hippies" by the Deadbeats prominently featured horns, although there are no ska elements. Other British bands that were influenced by both punk rock and ska included <a href="/wiki/The_Specials" title="The Specials">the Specials</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Beat_(British_band)" title="The Beat (British band)">the Beat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Madness_(band)" title="Madness (band)">Madness</a>. With both films like the 1981 documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Craze" title="Dance Craze">Dance Craze</a></i> and supportive radio stations like Los Angeles, California's <a href="/wiki/KROQ" class="mw-redirect" title="KROQ">KROQ</a>, ska crossed the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1980s, ska punk was underground. However, <a href="/wiki/Fishbone" title="Fishbone">Fishbone</a>, one of the earliest ska punk bands, achieved moderate success.<sup id="cite_ref-SkaPunkAllMusic_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SkaPunkAllMusic-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other ska punk bands from the 1980s and early 1990s include <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ivy_(band)" title="Operation Ivy (band)">Operation Ivy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-OperationIvyAllMusic_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OperationIvyAllMusic-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Toasters" title="The Toasters">The Toasters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_Shock_(band)" title="Culture Shock (band)">Culture Shock</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Glow_Skulls" title="Voodoo Glow Skulls">Voodoo Glow Skulls</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Porkers" title="The Porkers">the Porkers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sublime,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Citizen_Fish" title="Citizen Fish">Citizen Fish</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Mighty Mighty Bosstones,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Suicide_Machines" title="The Suicide Machines">the Suicide Machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/MU330" title="MU330">MU330</a> and Dance Hall Crashers.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg/250px-NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg/330px-NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg/500px-NoDoubtAtWorcester.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Ska punk band No Doubt performing in <a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, United States.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg/200px-The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg/300px-The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg/400px-The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones_in_concert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3550" data-file-height="2362" /></a><figcaption>Ska punk band the Mighty Mighty Bosstones performing in 2008</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mainstream_success_(mid–late_1990s)"><span id="Mainstream_success_.28mid.E2.80.93late_1990s.29"></span>Mainstream success (mid–late 1990s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mainstream success (mid–late 1990s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ska punk broke into the mainstream in the mid-1990s with bands such as Sublime, No Doubt, <a href="/wiki/Goldfinger_(band)" title="Goldfinger (band)">Goldfinger</a>, the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Less Than Jake and <a href="/wiki/Rancid_(band)" title="Rancid (band)">Rancid</a> all achieving mainstream success. Sublime's song "<a href="/wiki/Date_Rape_(song)" title="Date Rape (song)">Date Rape</a>" became a hit on major California alternative rock radio stations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201347_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl201347-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Sublime did not reach its peak of popularity until 1996 with the release of the band's <a href="/wiki/Sublime_(album)" title="Sublime (album)">1996 self-titled album</a>, which was certified 5× platinum by the <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a> (RIAA) in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesSublimeSublimealbumCertRef_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesSublimeSublimealbumCertRef-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of Sublime's popularity, the band's album <i><a href="/wiki/40oz._to_Freedom" title="40oz. to Freedom">40oz. to Freedom</a></i> was certified 2× platinum by the RIAA in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesSublime40_Ounces_to_FreedomalbumCertRef_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesSublime40_Ounces_to_FreedomalbumCertRef-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another ska punk band that achieved mainstream success during the mid-late 1990s was No Doubt. No Doubt's 1995 album <i><a href="/wiki/Tragic_Kingdom" title="Tragic Kingdom">Tragic Kingdom</a></i> was certified diamond by the RIAA in 1999<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was certified diamond by <a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-CanadaNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanadaNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tragic Kingdom</i> sold at least 16,000,000 copies worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rancid's song "<a href="/wiki/Time_Bomb_(Rancid_song)" title="Time Bomb (Rancid song)">Time Bomb</a>" peaked at number 48 on the <a href="/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100_Airplay" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Hot 100 Airplay"><i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 Airplay</a> chart<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the band's 1994 album <i><a href="/wiki/...And_Out_Come_the_Wolves" title="...And Out Come the Wolves">...And Out Come the Wolves</a></i> was certified platinum by the RIAA.<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesRancid...And_Out_Come_the_WolvesalbumCertRef_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesRancid...And_Out_Come_the_WolvesalbumCertRef-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reel Big Fish's album <i><a href="/wiki/Turn_the_Radio_Off" title="Turn the Radio Off">Turn the Radio Off</a></i>, which was released in August 1996, was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesReel_Big_FishTurn_the_Radio_OffalbumCertRef_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesReel_Big_FishTurn_the_Radio_OffalbumCertRef-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reel Big Fish's song "<a href="/wiki/Sell_Out_(Reel_Big_Fish_song)" title="Sell Out (Reel Big Fish song)">Sell Out</a>" peaked at number 69 on the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 Airplay chart.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goldfinger's song "<a href="/wiki/Here_in_Your_Bedroom" title="Here in Your Bedroom">Here in Your Bedroom</a>" peaked at number 47 on the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 Airplay chart.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mighty Mighty Bosstones achieved mainstream success in 1997; their song "<a href="/wiki/The_Impression_That_I_Get" title="The Impression That I Get">The Impression That I Get</a>" peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart,<sup id="cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> number 19 on the <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainstream Top 40">Mainstream Top 40</a> chart,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and number 17 on the <a href="/wiki/Adult_Pop_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult Pop Songs">Adult Pop Songs</a> chart.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, the Mighty Mighty Bosstones' song "<a href="/wiki/The_Rascal_King_(song)" title="The Rascal King (song)">The Rascal King</a>" peaked at number 68 on the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 Airplay chart.<sup id="cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' album <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Face_It" title="Let's Face It">Let's Face It</a></i>, which was released in March 1997, was certified platinum by the RIAA in September 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-United_StatesThe_Mighty_Mighty_BosstonesLet's_Face_ItalbumCertRef_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-United_StatesThe_Mighty_Mighty_BosstonesLet's_Face_ItalbumCertRef-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, <i>Billboard</i> wrote that according to Nielsen SoundScan, <i>Let's Face It</i> sold 1,700,000 copies.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_revival_(2000s–present)"><span id="Decline_and_revival_.282000s.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Decline and revival (2000s–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline and revival (2000s–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ska and reggae influenced rock music retreated to niche status by the first decade of the 2000s, with many major acts, such as the Mighty Mighty Bosstones taking an extended hiatus, and chart success eluded most bands of the genre. Some acts continued to produce such music through the decade, spearheaded by groups from <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a> (the home of ska-punk pioneers Sublime) such as <a href="/wiki/Slightly_Stoopid" title="Slightly Stoopid">Slightly Stoopid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Shortbus" title="Long Beach Shortbus">Long Beach Shortbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Dub_Allstars" title="Long Beach Dub Allstars">Long Beach Dub Allstars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tribal_Seeds" title="Tribal Seeds">Tribal Seeds</a>. Chart success returned in 2018 when <a href="/wiki/The_Interrupters_(band)" title="The Interrupters (band)">the Interrupters</a> scored a minor hit with their song "She's Kerosene", that peaked at No. 4 on the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_Songs" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Songs">Alternative Songs</a> chart and No. 1 on the <i><a href="/wiki/RPM_(magazine)" title="RPM (magazine)">RPM</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_rock/alternative_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian rock/alternative chart">Canadian rock/alternative chart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Detroit ska punk outfit <a href="/wiki/The_Suicide_Machines" title="The Suicide Machines">the Suicide Machines</a> released a new album titled "Revolution Spring", released in March 2020 on <a href="/wiki/Fat_Wreck_Chords" title="Fat Wreck Chords">Fat Wreck Chords</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Planet_Smashers" title="The Planet Smashers">The Planet Smashers</a> released "Too Much Information" on <a href="/wiki/Stomp_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomp Records">Stomp Records</a> in 2019 and continue to play shows in the U.S. and Canada. The duo <a href="/wiki/100_gecs" title="100 gecs">100 gecs</a> incorporated ska punk elements into their 2019 song "Stupid Horse" from their album <i><a href="/wiki/1000_Gecs" class="mw-redirect" title="1000 Gecs">1000 Gecs</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as throughout their album <i><a href="/wiki/10,000_Gecs" class="mw-redirect" title="10,000 Gecs">10,000 Gecs</a></i>, released in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ann Arbor, Michigan–based<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ska punk band <a href="/wiki/We_Are_the_Union" title="We Are the Union">We Are the Union</a> released "Self Care" in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tour frequently. Their trombone player, Jeremy Hunter, runs the YouTube channel called <a href="/wiki/Skatune_Network" title="Skatune Network">Skatune Network</a>, where they post ska and ska punk covers of <a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">video game soundtracks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-undertale_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undertale-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cartoon themes,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pop_punk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop punk">pop punk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other genres,<sup id="cite_ref-skatune_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skatune-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> garnering a significant international following online and releasing several albums.<sup id="cite_ref-undertale_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-undertale-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/BrooklynVegan" title="BrooklynVegan">BrooklynVegan</a></i> has written, "You can't talk about the renewed interest in ska without talking Jeremy Hunter".<sup id="cite_ref-:5_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Buck-O-Nine" title="Buck-O-Nine">Buck-O-Nine</a> released a new album titled: "Fundaymental" in 2019. Other artists that continue to tour or put out music on a regular basis include: Kill Lincoln, Omnigone, <a href="/wiki/Catbite" title="Catbite">Catbite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_D_and_the_Kids_Table" title="Big D and the Kids Table">Big D and the Kids Table</a>, <a href="/wiki/Streetlight_Manifesto" title="Streetlight Manifesto">Streetlight Manifesto</a> (and by extension <a href="/wiki/Bandits_of_the_Acoustic_Revolution" title="Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution">Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution</a>), <a href="/wiki/Five_Iron_Frenzy" title="Five Iron Frenzy">Five Iron Frenzy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilfers" title="Pilfers">Pilfers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mad_Caddies" title="Mad Caddies">Mad Caddies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voodoo_Glow_Skulls" title="Voodoo Glow Skulls">Voodoo Glow Skulls</a>, Joystick, Hans Gruber and the Die Hards,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mike Park's <a href="/wiki/The_Bruce_Lee_Band" title="The Bruce Lee Band">The Bruce Lee Band</a>, Tape Girl,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poindexter,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noise Complaint, Skatsune Miku, Sad Snack,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monkey, Catbite, Young Costello<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Interrupters_(band)" title="The Interrupters (band)">the Interrupters</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ska_musicians" title="List of ska musicians">List of ska musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_rock" title="Reggae rock">Reggae rock</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShepherd2023" class="citation web cs1">Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/100-gecs-10000-gecs/">"100 gecs: 10,000 gecs Album Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=100+gecs%3A+10%2C000+gecs+Album+Review&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Julianne+Escobedo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2F100-gecs-10000-gecs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Ellie (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/100-gecs-10000-gecs-review-3413372">"100 gecs – '10,000 gecs' review: an intoxicating hurricane of manic nostalgia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=100+gecs+%E2%80%93+%2710%2C000+gecs%27+review%3A+an+intoxicating+hurricane+of+manic+nostalgia&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Freviews%2Falbum%2F100-gecs-10000-gecs-review-3413372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101209194023/http://allmusic.com/explore/style/ska-revival-d386">"Ska Revival"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allmusic.com/explore/style/ska-revival-d386">the original</a> on 9 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Ska+Revival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallmusic.com%2Fexplore%2Fstyle%2Fska-revival-d386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SubgenresOfPunk-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Ryan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014083308/http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punk101/a/subgenres_2.htm">"The Subgenres of Punk Rock"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punk101/a/subgenres_2.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Subgenres+of+Punk+Rock&rft.pub=About.com&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpunkmusic.about.com%2Fod%2Fpunk101%2Fa%2Fsubgenres_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker201674-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker201674_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker2016">Walker 2016</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarciniak2015xxxiii-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarciniak2015xxxiii_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarciniak2015">Marciniak 2015</a>, p. xxxiii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiehl2013">Diehl 2013</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allmusic-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Allmusic_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Thomas_Erlewine" title="Stephen Thomas Erlewine">Erlewine, Stephen Thomas</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r4095/review">Ska punk</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMusic_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="AllMusic (identifier)">AllMusic</a>. Retrieved 7 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SkaPunkAllMusic-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SkaPunkAllMusic_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/style/ska-punk-ma0000002640">"Ska-Punk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Ska-Punk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Fska-punk-ma0000002640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OperationIvyAllMusic-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OperationIvyAllMusic_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/operation-ivy-mn0000471355/biography">"Operation Ivy | Biography & History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Operation+Ivy+%7C+Biography+%26+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Foperation-ivy-mn0000471355%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSacher2016" class="citation web cs1">Sacher, Andrew (6 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brooklynvegan.com/culture-shock-released-their-first-album-in-27-years-touring-with-worldinferno/">"Culture Shock released their first album in 27 years, touring with World/Inferno"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BrooklynVegan" title="BrooklynVegan">BrooklynVegan</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Culture+Shock+released+their+first+album+in+27+years%2C+touring+with+World%2FInferno&rft.pub=BrooklynVegan&rft.date=2016-07-06&rft.aulast=Sacher&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynvegan.com%2Fculture-shock-released-their-first-album-in-27-years-touring-with-worldinferno%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBush" class="citation web cs1">Bush, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/voodoo-glow-skulls-mn0000185999/biography">"Voodoo Glow Skulls | Biography & History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Voodoo+Glow+Skulls+%7C+Biography+%26+History&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fvoodoo-glow-skulls-mn0000185999%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Rick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/grunt%21-mw0000911228">"Grunt! – The Porkers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Grunt%21+%E2%80%93+The+Porkers&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fgrunt%2521-mw0000911228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlakinger2016" class="citation web cs1">Blakinger, Keri (22 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/sublime-songs-maintain-relevance-today-article-1.2540323">"Six Sublime songs that maintain relevance today"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NY_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="NY Daily News">NY Daily News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NY+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Six+Sublime+songs+that+maintain+relevance+today&rft.date=2016-02-22&rft.aulast=Blakinger&rft.aufirst=Keri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fsublime-songs-maintain-relevance-today-article-1.2540323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/citizen-fish-mn0000782983/biography">"Citizen Fish | Biography & History"</a>. <i><a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=The+Mighty+Mighty+Bosstones+%7C+Biography+%26+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fthe-mighty-mighty-bosstones-mn0000891032%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnkeny" class="citation web cs1">Ankeny, Jason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dance-hall-crashers-mn0000953552/biography">"Dance Hall Crashers | Biography & History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Dance+Hall+Crashers+%7C+Biography+%26+History&rft.aulast=Ankeny&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fdance-hall-crashers-mn0000953552%2Fbiography&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiehl201347-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201347_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiehl2013">Diehl2013</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesSublimeSublimealbumCertRef-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesSublimeSublimealbumCertRef_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Sublime&ti=Sublime&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – Sublime – Sublime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Sublime+%E2%80%93+Sublime&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DSublime%26ti%3DSublime%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesSublime40_Ounces_to_FreedomalbumCertRef-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesSublime40_Ounces_to_FreedomalbumCertRef_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Sublime&ti=40+Ounces+to+Freedom&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – Sublime – 40 Ounces to Freedom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Sublime+%E2%80%93+40+Ounces+to+Freedom&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DSublime%26ti%3D40%2BOunces%2Bto%2BFreedom%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=No+Doubt&ti=Tragic+Kingdom&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – No Doubt – Tragic Kingdom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+No+Doubt+%E2%80%93+Tragic+Kingdom&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DNo%2BDoubt%26ti%3DTragic%2BKingdom%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanadaNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CanadaNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?_gp_search=Tragic+Kingdom%20No+Doubt">"Canadian album certifications – No Doubt – Tragic Kingdom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Music_Canada" title="Music Canada">Music Canada</a>. 15 August 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canadian+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+No+Doubt+%E2%80%93+Tragic+Kingdom&rft.pub=Music+Canada&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusiccanada.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3F_gp_search%3DTragic%2BKingdom%2520No%2BDoubt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Meter2004" class="citation journal cs1">Van Meter, Jonathan (April 2004). 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class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/360332/rancid/chart?f=350">"Rancid – Chart history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Rancid+%E2%80%93+Chart+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F360332%2Francid%2Fchart%3Ff%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesRancid...And_Out_Come_the_WolvesalbumCertRef-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesRancid...And_Out_Come_the_WolvesalbumCertRef_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Rancid&ti=...And+Out+Come+the+Wolves&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – Rancid – ...And Out Come the Wolves"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Rancid+%E2%80%93+...And+Out+Come+the+Wolves&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DRancid%26ti%3D...And%2BOut%2BCome%2Bthe%2BWolves%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesReel_Big_FishTurn_the_Radio_OffalbumCertRef-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesReel_Big_FishTurn_the_Radio_OffalbumCertRef_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Reel+Big+Fish&ti=Turn+the+Radio+Off&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – Reel Big Fish – Turn the Radio Off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America" title="Recording Industry Association of America">Recording Industry Association of America</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+album+certifications+%E2%80%93+Reel+Big+Fish+%E2%80%93+Turn+the+Radio+Off&rft.pub=Recording+Industry+Association+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26ar%3DReel%2BBig%2BFish%26ti%3DTurn%2Bthe%2BRadio%2BOff%26format%3DAlbum%26type%3D%23search_section&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/364800/reel-big-fish/chart?f=350">"Reel Big Fish – Chart history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Reel+Big+Fish+%E2%80%93+Chart+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F364800%2Freel-big-fish%2Fchart%3Ff%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/302991/goldfinger/chart?f=350">"Goldfinger – Chart history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Goldfinger+%E2%80%93+Chart+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F302991%2Fgoldfinger%2Fchart%3Ff%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/418630/mighty-mighty-bosstones/chart?f=350">"The Mighty Mighty Bosstones – Chart history (Radio Songs)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Mighty+Mighty+Bosstones+%E2%80%93+Chart+history+%28Radio+Songs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F418630%2Fmighty-mighty-bosstones%2Fchart%3Ff%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/418630/mighty-mighty-bosstones/chart?f=381">"The Mighty Mighty Bosstones – Chart history (Pop Songs)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Mighty+Mighty+Bosstones+%E2%80%93+Chart+history+%28Pop+Songs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F418630%2Fmighty-mighty-bosstones%2Fchart%3Ff%3D381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboard.com/artist/418630/mighty-mighty-bosstones/chart?f=343">"The Mighty Mighty Bosstones – Chart history (Adult Pop Songs)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=The+Mighty+Mighty+Bosstones+%E2%80%93+Chart+history+%28Adult+Pop+Songs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fartist%2F418630%2Fmighty-mighty-bosstones%2Fchart%3Ff%3D343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-United_StatesThe_Mighty_Mighty_BosstonesLet's_Face_ItalbumCertRef-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-United_StatesThe_Mighty_Mighty_BosstonesLet's_Face_ItalbumCertRef_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=The+Mighty+Mighty+Bosstones&ti=Let%27s+Face+It&format=Album&type=#search_section">"American album certifications – The Mighty 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Meet+The+Interrupters%2C+the+First+Female-Fronted+Ska+Band+With+an+Alternative+Radio+Hit+Since+No+Doubt&rft.date=2018-07-25&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Frock%2F8466943%2Finterrupters-interview-shes-kerosene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBote2019" class="citation web cs1">Bote, Joshua (13 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pastemagazine.com/music/100-gecs/no-album-left-behind-100-gecs-1000-gecs/">"No Album Left Behind: 100 gecs' <i>1000 gecs</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Paste_(magazine)" title="Paste (magazine)">Paste</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=No+Album+Left+Behind%3A+100+gecs%27+1000+gecs&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft.aulast=Bote&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastemagazine.com%2Fmusic%2F100-gecs%2Fno-album-left-behind-100-gecs-1000-gecs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShepherd2023" class="citation web cs1">Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo (16 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/100-gecs-10000-gecs/">"100 gecs: 10,000 gecs Album Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=100+gecs%3A+10%2C000+gecs+Album+Review&rft.date=2023-03-16&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Julianne+Escobedo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Freviews%2Falbums%2F100-gecs-10000-gecs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobinson2023" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Ellie (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/100-gecs-10000-gecs-review-3413372">"100 gecs – '10,000 gecs' review: an intoxicating hurricane of manic nostalgia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2021</span> – via BrooklynVegan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tape+Girl+is+putting+a+bedroom+pop+spin+on+ska+%28stream+two+singles%29&rft.date=2020-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynvegan.com%2Ftape-girl-is-putting-a-bedroom-pop-spin-on-ska-stream-two-singles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynvegan.com/listen-to-poindexters-new-indie-ska-punk-song-body-like-that-off-upcoming-debut-lp/">"Listen to Poindexter's new indie-ska-punk song Body Like That off upcoming debut LP"</a>. 13 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2023</span> – via BrooklynVegan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listen+to+Poindexter%27s+new+indie-ska-punk+song+Body+Like+That+off+upcoming+debut+LP&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynvegan.com%2Flisten-to-poindexters-new-indie-ska-punk-song-body-like-that-off-upcoming-debut-lp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynvegan.com/watch-san-francisco-ska-band-sad-snacks-video-for-new-song-kenny-g-hotline/">"Watch San Francisco ska band Sad Snack's video for new song Kenny G Hotline"</a>. 22 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2022</span> – via BrooklynVegan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Watch+San+Francisco+ska+band+Sad+Snack%27s+video+for+new+song+Kenny+G+Hotline&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynvegan.com%2Fwatch-san-francisco-ska-band-sad-snacks-video-for-new-song-kenny-g-hotline%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynvegan.com/san-antonio-ska-punks-young-costello-prep-new-ep-watch-the-one-eye-open-video/">"San Antonio ska-punks Young Costello prep new EP (watch the One Eye Open video)"</a>. 23 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2022</span> – via BrooklynVegan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=San+Antonio+ska-punks+Young+Costello+prep+new+EP+%28watch+the+One+Eye+Open+video%29&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynvegan.com%2Fsan-antonio-ska-punks-young-costello-prep-new-ep-watch-the-one-eye-open-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ska_punk&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker2016" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Matt (2016). <i>Gainesville Punk: A History of Bands & Music</i>. <a href="/wiki/Arcadia_Publishing" title="Arcadia Publishing">Arcadia Publishing</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gainesville+Punk%3A+A+History+of+Bands+%26+Music&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDiehl2013" class="citation book cs1">Diehl, Matt (2013). <i>My So-Called Punk: Green Day, Fall Out Boy, The Distillers, Bad Religion—How Neo-Punk Stage-Dived into the Mainstream</i>. <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin's Griffin">St. Martin's Griffin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781466853065" title="Special:BookSources/9781466853065"><bdi>9781466853065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+So-Called+Punk%3A+Green+Day%2C+Fall+Out+Boy%2C+The+Distillers%2C+Bad+Religion%E2%80%94How+Neo-Punk+Stage-Dived+into+the+Mainstream&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781466853065&rft.aulast=Diehl&rft.aufirst=Matt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarciniak2015" class="citation book cs1">Marciniak, Marta (2015). <i>Transnational Punk Communities in Poland: From Nihilism to Nothing Outside Punk</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498501583" title="Special:BookSources/9781498501583"><bdi>9781498501583</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Punk+Communities+in+Poland%3A+From+Nihilism+to+Nothing+Outside+Punk&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781498501583&rft.aulast=Marciniak&rft.aufirst=Marta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASka+punk" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Punk_rock112" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Punk" title="Template:Punk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Punk" title="Template talk:Punk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Punk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Punk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Punk_rock112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-punk" title="Proto-punk">Proto-punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres and <br />fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-tone_(music_genre)" title="Two-tone (music genre)">2 tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-punk" title="Afro-punk">Afro-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-punk" title="Anarcho-punk">Anarcho-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk" title="Crust punk">Crust punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crack_rock_steady" title="Crust punk">Crack rock steady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crust_punk#Crustcore" title="Crust punk">Crustcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-beat" title="D-beat">D-beat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Avant-punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biker_metal" title="Biker metal">Biker metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowpunk" title="Cowpunk">Cowpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_cabaret" title="Dark cabaret">Dark cabaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egg_punk" title="Egg punk">Egg punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_pop" title="Emo pop">Emo pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-folk" title="Anti-folk">Anti-folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_punk" title="Gypsy punk">Gypsy punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_punk_(fusion_genre)" title="Garage punk (fusion genre)">Garage punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_punk" title="Glam punk">Glam punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">Hardcore punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatdown_hardcore" title="Beatdown hardcore">Beatdown hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_thrash" title="Crossover thrash">Crossover thrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnacore" title="Krishnacore">Krishnacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_hardcore" title="Melodic hardcore">Melodic hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalcore" title="Metalcore">Metalcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deathcore" title="Deathcore">Deathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathcore" title="Mathcore">Mathcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodic_metalcore" title="Melodic metalcore">Melodic metalcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Progressive metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queercore" title="Queercore">Queercore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqwacore" title="Taqwacore">Taqwacore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrashcore" title="Thrashcore">Thrashcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_punk" title="Horror punk">Horror punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latino_punk" title="Latino punk">Latino punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_punk" title="Nazi punk">Nazi punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oi!" title="Oi!">Oi!</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-punk" title="Pop-punk">Pop-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skate_punk" title="Skate punk">Skate punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_revival" title="Emo revival">Emo revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Progressive_punk" title="Progressive music">Progressive punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_blues" title="Punk blues">Punk blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_funk" title="Punk funk">Punk funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_jazz" title="Punk jazz">Punk jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_subgenres#Punk_metal" title="Punk rock subgenres">Punk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_pathetique" title="Punk pathetique">Punk pathetique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rap" title="Punk rap">Punk rap</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emo_rap" title="Emo rap">Emo rap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_punk" title="Reggae punk">Reggae punk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ska punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_wave_ska" class="mw-redirect" title="Third wave ska">Third wave ska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_punk" title="Street punk">Street punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_punk_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Surf punk (music genre)">Surf punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock#Synth-punk" title="Electronic rock">Synth-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scene_(subculture)" title="Scene (subculture)">Scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_metal" title="Speed metal">Speed metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrash_metal" title="Thrash metal">Thrash metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Australia" title="Punk rock in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Brazil" title="Punk in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_punk_rock" title="Canadian punk rock">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_punk" title="Estonian punk">Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_punk_bands" title="List of Estonian punk bands">List of bands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_punk" title="French punk">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_punk" title="German punk">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_punk" title="Greek punk">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Punk" title="Dutch Punk">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Spain" title="Punk rock in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Radical_Rock" title="Basque Radical Rock">Basque Radical Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_in_Sweden" title="Punk in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nsrock" title="Könsrock">Könsrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trallpunk" title="Trallpunk">Trallpunk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_bands_from_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of punk bands from the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_punk" title="Celtic punk">Celtic punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_punk" title="Scottish Gaelic punk">Scottish Gaelic punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States#Rock,_metal,_and_punk" title="Music of the United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_California" title="Punk rock in California">California</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_1970s_punk_rock_musicians" title="List of 1970s punk rock musicians">First wave punk musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_musicians_in_the_second_wave_of_punk_rock" title="List of musicians in the second wave of punk rock">Second wave punk musicians</a></li> <li>List of punk bands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_0%E2%80%93K" title="List of punk rock bands, 0–K">#–K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_bands,_L%E2%80%93Z" title="List of punk rock bands, L–Z">L–Z</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_filmmakers" title="List of punk filmmakers">Punk filmmakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_punk_rock" title="Women in punk rock">Women in punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_compilation_albums" title="List of punk rock compilation albums">List of punk compilation albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_rock_festivals" title="List of punk rock festivals">List of punk rock festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights_and_punk_subculture" title="Animal rights and punk subculture">Animal rights and punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Punk" title="Conservative Punk">Conservative Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Brian_Deneke" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Brian Deneke">Death of Brian Deneke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshing" title="Moshing">Moshing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseur" title="Poseur">Poseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_fashion" title="Punk fashion">Punk fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_ideologies" title="Punk ideologies">Punk ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_literature" title="Punk literature">Punk literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_zine" title="Punk zine">Punk zine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puntala-rock" title="Puntala-rock">Puntala-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Punk film">Punk films</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_punk_films" title="List of punk films">List of punk films</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_punk_rock" title="Timeline of punk rock">Timeline of punk rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ska74" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ska" title="Template:Ska"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ska" title="Template talk:Ska"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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style="width:1%">Record labels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jamaican_record_producers" title="List of Jamaican record producers">Jamaican record producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_One_(record_label)" title="Studio One (record label)">Studio One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_Records" title="Trojan Records">Trojan Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Beat_Records" title="Blue Beat Records">Blue Beat Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Tone_Records" title="2 Tone Records">2 Tone Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Ska_Records" title="Moon Ska Records">Moon Ska Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Man_Records" title="Asian Man Records">Asian Man Records</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subcultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mod_(subculture)" title="Mod (subculture)">Mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rude_boy" title="Rude boy">Rude boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooterboy" title="Scooterboy">Scooterboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinhead" title="Skinhead">Skinhead</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_skinhead" title="Trojan skinhead">Trojan skinhead</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suedehead_(subculture)" title="Suedehead (subculture)">Suedehead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_music_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Caribbean music in the United Kingdom">Caribbean music in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jamaica" title="Culture of Jamaica">Culture of Jamaica</a></li> <li><a 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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