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id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Isotoop" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Isotoop" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Isotoop" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Isotoop" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verskille_in_eienskappe_tussen_isotope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verskille_in_eienskappe_tussen_isotope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verskille in eienskappe tussen isotope</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verskille_in_eienskappe_tussen_isotope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorkoms_in_die_natuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorkoms_in_die_natuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorkoms in die natuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorkoms_in_die_natuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aanwendings_van_isotope" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aanwendings_van_isotope"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aanwendings van isotope</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aanwendings_van_isotope-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Aanwendings van isotope subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aanwendings_van_isotope-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gebruik_van_chemiese_eienskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik_van_chemiese_eienskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gebruik van chemiese eienskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik_van_chemiese_eienskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_gebruik_van_kerneienskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_gebruik_van_kerneienskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Die gebruik van kerneienskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_gebruik_van_kerneienskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyk_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyk_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kyk ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyk_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Isotoop</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 119 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="نظير (كيمياء) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظير (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%BE" title="إيزوطوپ – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="إيزوطوپ" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3topu" title="Isótopu – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Isótopu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zotop" title="İzotop – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İzotop" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Ізатоп – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ізатоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Ізатоп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ізатоп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="आइसोटोप – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आइसोटोप" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AA" title="আইসোটোপ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইসোটোপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2top" title="Isòtop – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isòtop" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF" title="Ισότοπο – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισότοπο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopo" title="Izotopo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izotopo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isótopo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isotoop" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%BE" title="ایزوتوپ – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزوتوپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotooppi" title="Isotooppi – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isotooppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopar" title="Isotopar – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Isotopar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Isotoop" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseat%C3%B3p" title="Iseatóp – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iseatóp" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="同位素" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Isótopo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4" title="איזוטופ – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איזוטופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="समस्थानिक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समस्थानिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izot%C3%B2p" title="Izotòp – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Izotòp" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izot%C3%B3p" title="Izotóp – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izotóp" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%BA%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Իզոտոպներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իզոտոպներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopo" title="Izotopo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Izotopo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sams%C3%A6ta" title="Samsæta – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Samsæta" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E4%BD%93" title="同位体 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同位体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="იზოტოპები – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იზოტოპები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyat" title="Anyat – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anyat" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Изотоптар – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Изотоптар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF" title="ಸಮಸ್ಥಾನಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಮಸ್ಥಾನಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%84_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="동위 원소 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동위 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ezotop" title="Îzotop – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îzotop" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Изотоптор – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Изотоптор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopus" title="Isotopus – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isotopus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Isotoop" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopas" title="Izotopas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izotopas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotops" title="Izotops – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izotops" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miratoerana" title="Miratoerana – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Miratoerana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഐസോടോപ്പ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസോടോപ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87" title="समस्थानिके – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="समस्थानिके" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="အိုင်ဆိုတုပ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိုင်ဆိုတုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="समस्थानिक – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="समस्थानिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA" title="आइसोटोप – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आइसोटोप" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotoop" title="Isotoop – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isotoop" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isot%C3%B2p" title="Isotòp – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Isotòp" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AA" title="ਆਈਸੋਟੋਪ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਈਸੋਟੋਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopy" title="Izotopy – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izotopy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="آئیسوٹوپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آئیسوٹوپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isótopo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Изотопы – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изотопы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ھمزاد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ھمزاد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A" title="සමස්ථානික – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සමස්ථානික" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%BE" title="آئسوٹوپ – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آئسوٹوپ" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzanhara" title="Enzanhara – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Enzanhara" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotopi" title="Izotopi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Izotopi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF" title="Изотоп – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изотоп" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isotop" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopi" title="Isotopi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Isotopi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓரிடத்தான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓரிடத்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%90%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఐసోటోపులు – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఐసోటోపులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9B" title="ไอโซโทป – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอโซโทป" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Isotope" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zotop" title="İzotop – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzotop" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Ізотопи – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізотопи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%A7" title="ہم جا – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہم جا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotoplar" title="Izotoplar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Izotoplar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ix%C3%B2topo" title="Ixòtopo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ixòtopo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Izotop" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đồng vị – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng vị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopo" title="Isotopo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Isotopo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="同位素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A4" title="איזאטאפ – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איזאטאפ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ds%C3%B3t%C3%B2p%C3%B9" title="Ísótòpù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ísótòpù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doengzvihsuq" title="Doengzvihsuq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doengzvihsuq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="同位素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="同位素" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B4ng-%C5%ABi-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Tông-ūi-sò͘ – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tông-ūi-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="同位素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChembe" title="IChembe – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IChembe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25276#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotoop" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Isotoop" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotoop"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Isotoop"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Isotoop" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Isotoop" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&oldid=2601388" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Isotoop&id=2601388&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsotoop"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FIsotoop"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Isotoop"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Isotoop&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Isotopes" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q25276" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><p><b>Isotope</b> is vorme van 'n <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_element" title="Chemiese element">element</a> waarvan die <a href="/wiki/Atoomkern" title="Atoomkern">kerne</a> dieselfde <a href="/wiki/Atoomgetal" title="Atoomgetal">atoomgetal</a> -- die aantal <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protone</a> in die kern -- maar verskillende <a href="/wiki/Atoommassa" title="Atoommassa">atoommassas</a> het want hulle bevat verskillende aantal <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrone</a>. Díe verskil het baie min gevolge vir die chemiese eienskappe. </p><p>Die woord <i>isotoop</i> kom van die <a href="/wiki/Grieks_(taal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grieks (taal)">Grieks</a> <i>iso-</i> = gelyk, en <i>topos</i> = plek, dus <i>op dieselfde plek</i> en dui op die feit dat alle isotope op dieselfde plek op die <a href="/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel">periodieke tabel</a> aangetoon word. </p><p>Saam vorm die isotope van die elemente die reeks <i>nukliede</i>. 'n Nuklied is 'n spesifieke soort atoomkern of meer algemeen gesproke 'n versameling van protone en neutrone. Streng tegnies gesproke is dit meer korrek om te sê dat 'n element soos <a href="/wiki/Fluoor" title="Fluoor">fluoor</a> bestaan uit 'n stabiele nuklied eerder as om te sê dat dit 'n stabiele isotoop het. </p><p>Isotope (nukliede) word in wetenskaplike <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenklatuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomenklatuur (bladsy bestaan nie)">nomenklatuur</a> gespesifiseer deur die naam van die spesifieke element gevolg deur 'n koppelteken en die aantal nukleone (d.w.s. protone en neutrone) in die atoomkern (bv., <a href="/wiki/Helium-3" title="Helium-3">helium-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koolstof-12" title="Koolstof-12">koolstof-12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koolstof-14" title="Koolstof-14">koolstof-14</a>, yster-57, <a href="/wiki/Uraan-238" title="Uraan-238">uraan-238</a>. In simboliese vorm word die aantal nukleone as 'n boskrif voorvoegsel van die <a href="/wiki/Chemiese_simbool" title="Chemiese simbool">chemiese simbool</a>. Die aantal protone kan alternatiewelik as onderskrif bygevoeg word vir meer duidelikheid. Die volgende is voorbeelde: </p> <ul><li><sup>3</sup>He of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>3</sup><sub style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 2.1ex;">2</sub></span>He: <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a>-3 met 3 <a href="/wiki/Nukleone" class="mw-redirect" title="Nukleone">nukleone</a> - 2 protone en 1 neutron</li> <li><sup>12</sup>C of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>12</sup><sub style="position: absolute; right: 0; top: 2.1ex;">6</sub></span>C: <a href="/wiki/Koolstof" title="Koolstof">Koolstof</a>-12 wat die mees algemeenste voorkom op aarde.</li> <li><sup>14</sup>C of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>14</sup><sub style="position: absolute; right: 0; top: 2.1ex;">6</sub></span>C: <a href="/wiki/Koolstof-14" title="Koolstof-14">Koolstof-14</a> is die skaarsste isotoop en word gebruik in <a href="/wiki/Radiometriese_datering" title="Radiometriese datering">radiometriese datering</a>.</li> <li><sup>57</sup>Fe of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>57</sup><sub style="position: absolute; right: 0; top: 2.1ex;">26</sub></span>Fe: <a href="/wiki/Yster" title="Yster">Yster</a>-57.</li> <li><sup>238</sup>U of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>238</sup><sub style="position: absolute; right: 0; top: 2.1ex;">92</sub></span>U: <a href="/wiki/Uraan-238" title="Uraan-238">Uraan-238</a> is <a href="/wiki/Radioaktief" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioaktief">radioaktief</a>.</li> <li><sup>1</sup>p of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>1</sup><sub style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 2.1ex;">1</sub></span>p: 'n <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Proton</a></li> <li><sup>1</sup>n of <span style="position: relative; left: 0; top: -0.5ex; font-size: 1.5ex; line-height: 0;"><sup>1</sup><sub style="position: absolute; left: 0; top: 2.1ex;">0</sub></span>n: 'n <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutron</a></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verskille_in_eienskappe_tussen_isotope">Verskille in eienskappe tussen isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Verskille in eienskappe tussen isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Verskille in eienskappe tussen isotope"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 'n neutrale atoom is die aantal <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektrone</a> gelyk aan die aantal protone. Verskillende isotope van 'n gegewe element het dieselfde aantal elektrone en dieselfde elektronstruktuur. Omdat die chemiese gedrag van 'n atoom grootliks deur sy elektronstruktuur bepaal word, toon isotope bykans identiese chemiese gedrag. Die hoof uitsondering is dat swaarder isotope as gevolg van hul groter massa geneig is om ietwat stadiger te reageer as die ligter isotope van 'n element (Hierdie verskynsel word die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinetiese_isotoopverskynsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinetiese isotoopverskynsel (bladsy bestaan nie)">kinetiese isotoopverskynsel</a> genoem). </p><p>Hierdie <i>massaverskynsel</i> is meer opsigtelik by <a href="/wiki/Protium" title="Protium">protium</a> (<sup>1</sup>H) teenoor <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> (<sup>2</sup>H), omdat deuterium se massa dubbel dié van protium is. Vir swaarder elemente is die relatiewe massaverskil tussen isotope veel kleiner en is die massa-effek gewoonlik nalaatbaar klein. </p><p>Op soortgelyke wyse sal twee <a href="/wiki/Molekule" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekule">molekules</a> wat slegs verskil ten opsigte van die isotopiese aard van die atome waaruit hulle bestaan (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotpoloog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotpoloog (bladsy bestaan nie)">isotopoloë</a></i>) byna dieselfde elektronstruktuur hê en daarom soortgelyke fisiese en chemiese eienskappe hê. Die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekul%C3%AAre_vibrasie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekulêre vibrasie (bladsy bestaan nie)">vibrasie modusse</a> van 'n molekule word deur sy vorm en die massa van die atome waaruit dit saamgestel word, bepaal. Isotopoloë sal gevolglik verskillende stelle vibrasie modusse hê. Aangesien vibrasie modusse 'n molekule toelaat om <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">fotone</a> met ooreenstemmende energieë te absorbeer, verskil isotopoloë se optiese eienskappe in die <a href="/wiki/Infrarooi" title="Infrarooi">infrarooi</a>-gebied. </p><p>Alhoewel isotope byna identiese elektroniese en chemiese gedrag toon, verskil hul kerngedrag dramaties. Atoomkerne bestaan uit protone en neutrone wat saamgebind word deur <a href="/wiki/Sterk_kernkrag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterk kernkrag">sterk kernkragte</a>. Omdat protone positief gelaai is, stoot hulle mekaar af. Neutrone, wat elektries neutraal is, laat 'n mate van skeiding tussen die positief gelaaide protone toe wat die elektrostatiese afstoting deur die protone verminder en stabiliseer sodoende die kern. Om hierdie rede is neutrone noodsaaklik om twee of meer protone in 'n kern te bind. Soos die aantal protone toeneem word meer neutrone benodig om 'n stabiele kern te vorm; Die neutron/proton verhouding van <sup>3</sup>He is 1/2, die neutron/proton verhouding van <sup>238</sup>U is groter as 'n 3/2. As te veel of te min neutrone teenwoordig is, raak die kern onstabiel en is dan onderhewig aan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernverval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernverval (bladsy bestaan nie)">kernverval</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorkoms_in_die_natuur">Voorkoms in die natuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Voorkoms in die natuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Voorkoms in die natuur"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Verskeie isotope van elke element kan in die natuur gevind word. Die <a href="/wiki/Natuurlike_verspreiding" class="mw-redirect" title="Natuurlike verspreiding">verspreiding</a> van 'n isotoop stem sterk ooreen met sy geneigdheid tot <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernverval&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernverval (bladsy bestaan nie)">kernverval</a>; kortlewende nukliede verval vinnig, terwyl hulle langslewende eweknieë voortduur. Dit beteken egter nie dat spesies met 'n kort lewensduur geheel en al verdwyn nie; baie word voortdurend geskep deur die verval van nukliede met 'n langer lewensduur. Die <a href="/wiki/Atoommassa" title="Atoommassa">atoommassas</a> van elemente wat op die periodieke tabel verskyn is die gemiddeldes wat voorsiening maak vir die teenwoordigheid van veelvuldige isotope met verskillende massas. </p><p>Volgens aanvaarde <a href="/wiki/Kosmologie" title="Kosmologie">kosmologie</a> het bykans alle nukliedes buiten die isotope van <a href="/wiki/Waterstof" title="Waterstof">waterstof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">sterre</a> en <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovas</a> ontstaan. Hulle respektiewelike verspreidings ontstaan as gevolg van die hoeveelhede wat tydens die kernprosesse in die sterre gevorm word, die manier waarop hulle deur die <a href="/wiki/Heelal" title="Heelal">heelal</a> versprei en die tempo waarteen hulle verval. </p><p>Na die aanvanklike versmelting van die <a href="/wiki/Sonnestelsel" title="Sonnestelsel">sonnestelsel</a> is isotope herversprei volgens hulle massas. Die isotoopsamestelling van elemente is verskillend op die verskeie planete, wat dit moontlik maak om die oorsprong van <a href="/wiki/Meteoriet" title="Meteoriet">meteoriet</a> te bepaal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aanwendings_van_isotope">Aanwendings van isotope</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Aanwendings van isotope" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Aanwendings van isotope"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Isotope word in verskeie toepassings gevind waar munt geslaan word uit die eienskappe van die isotope van 'n gegewe element. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gebruik_van_chemiese_eienskappe">Gebruik van chemiese eienskappe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Gebruik van chemiese eienskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Gebruik van chemiese eienskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Een van die mees algemene toepassings is in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoopsporing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotoopsporing (bladsy bestaan nie)">isotoopsporing</a>, die gebruik van ongewone isotope as spoorders of merkers in chemiese reaksies. Normaalweg is die atome van 'n gegewe element ononderskeibaar van mekaar. Deur isotope met verskillende massas te gebruik kan hulle egter met behulp van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Massa-spektrometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massa-spektrometrie (bladsy bestaan nie)">massa-spektrometrie</a> of <a href="/wiki/Infrarooispektroskopie" title="Infrarooispektroskopie">infrarooispektroskopie</a> onderskei word. As radio-aktiewe isotope gebruik word kan hulle bespeur word deur die straling wat hulle uitstraal (Dit word <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio-isotoopsporing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio-isotoopsporing (bladsy bestaan nie)">radio-isotoopsporing</a> genoem).</li> <li>'n Tegniek soortgelyk aan radio-isotoopsporing is <a href="/wiki/Radiometriese_datering" title="Radiometriese datering">radiometriese datering</a> (soos <a href="/wiki/Koolstof-14" title="Koolstof-14">radiokoolstof datering</a> wat baie bekend is). Dit kan benut word om chemiese prosesse wat die eksperimenteerder nie kan waarneem nie, te bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van die spoor-isotope wat natuurlik voorkom.</li> <li>Isotoopvervanging kan gebruik word om die meganisme van 'n reaksie te bepaal deur middel van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinetiese-isotoopverskynsel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinetiese-isotoopverskynsel (bladsy bestaan nie)">kinetiese-isotoopverskynsel</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_gebruik_van_kerneienskappe">Die gebruik van kerneienskappe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Die gebruik van kerneienskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Die gebruik van kerneienskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Verskeie vorme van spektroskopie maak staat op die unieke kerneienskappe van spesifieke isotope. <a href="/wiki/Kernmagnetiese_resonansie" title="Kernmagnetiese resonansie">Kernmagnetiese resonansie</a>(KMR) (Engels - <i>Nuclear magnetic resonance of NMR</i>) kan byvoorbeeld slegs gebruik word met isotope wat 'n kernspin het wat nie gelyk aan nul is nie. Die mees algemene isotope in gebruik met Kernspinresonante spektroskopie is <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>2</sup>D, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>31</sup>P.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B6ssbauer-spektroskopie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mössbauer-spektroskopie (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mössbauer-spektroskopie</a> maak ook staat op die kernoorgange van spesifieke isotope, soos onder andere <a href="/wiki/Yster-57" title="Yster-57"><sup>57</sup>Fe</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionuklied" title="Radionuklied">Radionukliede</a> het ook belangrike gebruike. <a href="/wiki/Kernkrag" title="Kernkrag">Kernkrag</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kernwapen" title="Kernwapen">kernwapens</a> se ontwikkeling vereis relatief groot hoeveelhede van spesifieke isotope. Die proses van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoopskeiding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotoopskeiding (bladsy bestaan nie)">isotoopskeiding</a> verteenwoordig 'n betekenisvolle tegnologiese uitdaging.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kyk_ook">Kyk ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Kyk ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kyk ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotooptabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotooptabel (bladsy bestaan nie)">Isotooptabel</a> - tabel van alle bekende isotope</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lys_van_partikels" class="mw-redirect" title="Lys van partikels">Lys van partikels</a></li> <li>Isotope is nukliedes met dieselfde aantal protone; vergelyk met: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotoon (bladsy bestaan nie)">isotone</a> wat nukliedes is met dieselfde getal neutrone.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isobaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isobaar (bladsy bestaan nie)">Isobare</a> wat nukliedes is met dieselfde massagetal, d.w.s. som van protone en neutrone.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kernisomeer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kernisomeer (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kernisomere</a> wat verskillende opgewekte toestande van dieselfde kern is. 'n Oorgang van een isomeer na 'n ander word vergesel deur die uitstraling of absorpsie van 'n <a href="/wiki/Gammastraling" title="Gammastraling">gamma-straal</a> of die proses van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interne_omskakeling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interne omskakeling (bladsy bestaan nie)">interne omskakeling</a>. (Moet nie met chemiese <a href="/wiki/Isomeer" title="Isomeer">isomere</a> verwar word nie).</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uitgestorwe_oerisotoop" title="Uitgestorwe oerisotoop">Uitgestorwe oerisotoop</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotoop&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/Compositions/stand_alone.pl?ele=&ascii=html&isotype=some">Atoommassas van alle bekende isotope</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atom.kaeri.re.kr/">Atoommassas, vervalenergieë en halfleeftye van alle isotope (Duitse werf)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm">Ontdek die Tabel van isotope by die LBNL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205022425/http://ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm">Geargiveer</a> 5 Desember 2006 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119764167">cb119764167</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119764167">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4027801-3">4027801-3</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh00006433">sh00006433</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000126006&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000126006</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561570">00561570</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph121258&CON_LNG=ENG">ph121258</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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