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reconstituted wood panels</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: reconstituted wood panels"> <meta name="keywords" content="reconstituted wood panels"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="reconstituted wood panels"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 926</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: reconstituted wood panels</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">926</span> Improving Fire Resistance of Wood and Wood-Based Composites and Fire Testing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20Ayrilmis">Nadir Ayrilmis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood and wood-based panels are one of the oldest structural materials used in the construction industry due to their significant advantages such as good mechanical properties, low density, renewable material, low-cost, recycling, etc. However, they burn when exposed to a flame source or high temperatures. This is very important when the wood products are used as structural or hemi-structural materials in the construction industry, furniture industry, so on. For this reason, the fire resistance is demanded property for wood products. They can be impregnated with fire retardants to improve their fire resistance. The most used fire retardants, fire-retardant mechanism, and fire-testing systems, and national and international fire-durability classifications and standard requirements for fire-durability of wood and wood-based panels were given in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance" title="fire resistance">fire resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood-based%20panels" title=" wood-based panels"> wood-based panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20calorimeter" title=" cone calorimeter"> cone calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130377/improving-fire-resistance-of-wood-and-wood-based-composites-and-fire-testing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130377.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">925</span> Olive Seed Tannins as Bioadhesives for Manufacturing Wood-Based Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajith%20K.%20A.%20Gedara">Ajith K. A. Gedara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iva%20Chianella"> Iva Chianella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20L.%20Endrino"> Jose L. Endrino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qi%20Zhang"> Qi Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The olive seed is a by-product of the olive oil production industry. Biuret test and ferric chloride test revealed that water or alkali NaOH extractions of olive seed flour are rich in proteins and tannins. Both protein and tannins are well-known bio-based wood adhesives in the wood-based panel industry. In general, tannins-based adhesives show better mechanical and physical properties than protein wood adhesives. This paper explores different methods of extracting tannins from olive seed flour against the tannins yield and their applications as bio-based adhesives in wood-based panels. Once investigated, the physical and the mechanical properties of wood-based panels made using bio-adhesives based tannins extracted from olive seed flour revealed that the resulting products seemed to satisfy the Japanese Industrial Standards JIS A 5908:2015. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-adhesives" title="bio-adhesives">bio-adhesives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20seed%20flour" title=" olive seed flour"> olive seed flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannins" title=" tannins"> tannins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood-based%20panels" title=" wood-based panels"> wood-based panels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137443/olive-seed-tannins-as-bioadhesives-for-manufacturing-wood-based-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">924</span> Composite Panels from Under-Utilized Wood and Agricultural Fiber Resources</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salim%20Hiziroglu">Salim Hiziroglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice straw, jute, coconut fiber, oil palm, bagasse and bamboo are some of agricultural resources that can be used to produce different types of value-added composite panels including particleboard and medium density fiberboard (MDF). Invasive species such as Eastern red cedar in South Western states in the USA would also be considered as viable raw material to manufacture above products. The main objective of this study was to investigate both physical and mechanical properties of both structural and non-structural panels manufactured from underutilized and agricultural species. Eastern red cedar, bamboo and rice straw were used to manufacture experimental panels. Properties of such samples including bending, internal bond strength, thickness swelling, density profiles and surface roughness were evaluated. Panels made 100% bamboo had the best properties among the other samples. Having rice straw in particleboard and medium density fiberboard panels reduced overall properties of the samples. Manufacturing interior sandwich type of panels having fibers on the face layers while particle of the same type of materials in the core improved their surface quality. Based on the findings of this work such species could have potential to be used as raw material to manufacture value-added panels with accepted properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20panels" title="composite panels">composite panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20and%20non-wood%20fibers" title=" wood and non-wood fibers"> wood and non-wood fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo" title=" bamboo"> bamboo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8849/composite-panels-from-under-utilized-wood-and-agricultural-fiber-resources" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8849.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">923</span> Boiler Ash as a Reducer of Formaldehyde Emission in Medium-Density Fiberboard</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexsandro%20Bayestorff%20da%20Cunha">Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dpebora%20Caline%20de%20Mello"> Dpebora Caline de Mello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Camila%20Alves%20Corr%C3%AAa"> Camila Alves Corrêa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the production of fiberboards, an adhesive based on urea-formaldehyde resin is used, which has the advantages of low cost, homogeneity of distribution, solubility in water, high reactivity in an acid medium, and high adhesion to wood. On the other hand, as a disadvantage, there is low resistance to humidity and the release of formaldehyde. The objective of the study was to determine the viability of adding industrial boiler ash to the urea formaldehyde-based adhesive for the production of medium-density fiberboard. The raw material used was composed of Pinus spp fibers, urea-formaldehyde resin, paraffin emulsion, ammonium sulfate, and boiler ash. The experimental plan, consisting of 8 treatments, was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement, with 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% ash added to the adhesive, with and without the application of a catalyst. In each treatment, 4 panels were produced with density of 750 kg.m⁻³, dimensions of 40 x 40 x 1,5 cm, 12% urea formaldehyde resin, 1% paraffin emulsion and hot pressing at a temperature of 180ºC, the pressure of 40 kgf/cm⁻² for a time of 10 minutes. The different compositions of the adhesive were characterized in terms of viscosity, pH, gel time and solids, and the panels by physical and mechanical properties, in addition to evaluation using the IMAL DPX300 X-ray densitometer and formaldehyde emission by the perforator method. The results showed a significant reduction of all adhesive properties with the use of the catalyst, regardless of the treatment; while the percentage increase of ashes provided an increase in the average values of viscosity, gel time, and solids and a reduction in pH for the panels with a catalyst; for panels without catalyst, the behavior was the opposite, with the exception of solids. For the physical properties, the results of the variables of density, compaction ratio, and thickness were equivalent and in accordance with the standard, while the moisture content was significantly reduced with the use of the catalyst but without the influence of the percentage of ash. The density profile for all treatments was characteristic of medium-density fiberboard, with more compacted and dense surfaces when compared to the central layer. For thickness, the swelling was not influenced by the catalyst and the use of ash, presenting average values within the normalized parameters. For mechanical properties, the influence of ashes on the adhesive was negatively observed in the modulus of rupture from 1% and in the traction test from 3%; however, only this last property, in the percentages of 3% and 5%, were below the minimum limit of the norm. The use of catalyst and ashes with percentages of 3% and 5% reduced the formaldehyde emission of the panels; however, only the panels that used adhesive with catalyst presented emissions below 8mg of formaldehyde / 100g of the panel. In this way, it can be said that boiler ash can be added to the adhesive with a catalyst without impairing the technological properties by up to 1%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels" title="reconstituted wood panels">reconstituted wood panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formaldehyde%20emission" title=" formaldehyde emission"> formaldehyde emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technological%20properties%20of%20panels" title=" technological properties of panels"> technological properties of panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perforator" title=" perforator"> perforator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165371/boiler-ash-as-a-reducer-of-formaldehyde-emission-in-medium-density-fiberboard" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">922</span> Experimental Measurements of Fire Retardants on Plywood at Fire Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gisele%20C.%20A.%20Martins">Gisele C. A. Martins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20A.%20Marcolin"> Leonardo A. Marcolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurenn%20B.%20de%20Macedo"> Laurenn B. de Macedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20A.%20Rocco%20Lahr"> Francisco A. Rocco Lahr</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlito%20Calil%20Jr"> Carlito Calil Jr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use and development of wood composite materials increased in the past few years. However, in Brazil there are some restrictions on these products regarding their use since it could be considered a potential risk in a fire situation. Thus, becomes evident the need for research aiming to fit these in safety standards. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of two new fire retardant products produced by a Brazilian industry. Tests were performed on plywood panels of Pinus spp previously immersed, varying the products concentrations and compared with untreated samples. The test used to evaluate the flame spread in a panel was the modified Schlyter test. The product in question was proved efficient, before and after shutting off the burner. Comparing panels with the panels without treatment, there was a decrease of 400% of the height of the flame spread on the treated ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20retardant" title="fire retardant">fire retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20spread" title=" flame spread"> flame spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plywood" title=" plywood"> plywood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood-based%20material" title=" wood-based material"> wood-based material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18989/experimental-measurements-of-fire-retardants-on-plywood-at-fire-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">921</span> Kenaf MDF Panels with Soy Based Adhesive. The Influence of Preparation Parameters on Physciomechanical Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imtiaz%20Ali">Imtiaz Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krishnan%20Jayaraman"> Krishnan Jayaraman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debes%20Bhattacharyya"> Debes Bhattacharyya </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Soybean concentrate is abundant material and renewable product that is recently been explored as an alternative to conventional formaldehyde based resins in wood based products. The main goal of this study is to evaluate the technical feasibility of manufacturing environment friendly MDF panels from renewable resources. The panels are made by using kenaf bast fibers (KB) as wood substitute and soy based adhesive as bonding material. Second order response surface regression models are used to understand the effects and interactions of resin content (RC) and pressing time (PT) on the mechanical and water soaking properties of kenaf panels. The mechanical and water soaking properties are significantly improved as the RC increased and reached at the highest level at maximum resin loading (12%). The effect of pressing time is significant in the first phase when the pressing time increased from 4 to 6 min; however the effect was not as significant when pressing time further increased to 8 min. The second order regression equations further confirm that the variation in process parameters has strong relationship with the physciomechanical properties. The MDF panels the minimum requirements of internal bond strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity as recommended by US wood MDF standard specifications for G110, G120, G130 and G140 grade MDF panels. However, the thickness swelling results are considerably poorer than the recommended values of general purpose standard requirements. This deficiency can be counterbalanced by the advantage of being formaldehyde free panels made from renewable sources and by making them suitable alternative for less humid environment applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kenaf" title="kenaf">kenaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medium%20density%20fibreboard" title=" Medium density fibreboard"> Medium density fibreboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soy%20adhesive" title=" soy adhesive"> soy adhesive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20soaking%20properties" title=" water soaking properties"> water soaking properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17227/kenaf-mdf-panels-with-soy-based-adhesive-the-influence-of-preparation-parameters-on-physciomechanical-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">377</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">920</span> The Fire Performance of Exposed Timber Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernice%20V.%20Y.%20Wong">Bernice V. Y. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kong%20Fah%20Tee"> Kong Fah Tee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cross-laminated timber is increasingly being used in the construction of high-rise buildings due to its simple manufacturing system. In term of fire resistance, cross-laminated timber panels are promoted as having excellent fire resistance, comparable to that of non-combustible materials and to heavy timber construction, due to the ability of thick wood assemblies to char slowly at a predictable rate while maintaining most of their strength during the fire exposure. This paper presents an overview of fire performance of cross-laminated timber and evaluation of its resistance to elevated temperature in comparison to homogeneous timber panels. Charring rates for cross-laminated timber panels of those obtained experimentally were compared with those provided by Eurocode simplified calculation methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20structure" title="timber structure">timber structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated%20timber" title=" cross-laminated timber"> cross-laminated timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charring%20rate" title=" charring rate"> charring rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timber%20fire%20resistance" title=" timber fire resistance"> timber fire resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7520/the-fire-performance-of-exposed-timber-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">919</span> Suitability of Wood Sawdust Waste Reinforced Polymer Composite for Fireproof Doors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timine%20Suoware">Timine Suoware</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvester%20Edelugo"> Sylvester Edelugo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Amgbari"> Charles Amgbari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The susceptibility of natural fibre polymer composites to flame has necessitated research to improve and develop flame retardant (FR) to delay the escape of combustible volatiles. Previous approaches relied mostly on FR such as aluminium tri-hydroxide (ATH) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve fire performances of wood sawdust polymer composites (WSPC) with emphasis on non-structural building applications. In this paper, APP was modified with gum Arabic powder (GAP) and then hybridized with ATH at 0, 12 and 18% loading ratio to form new FR species; WSPC12%APP-GAP and WSPC18%ATH/APP-GAP. The FR species were incorporated in wood sawdust waste reinforced in polyester resin to form panels for fireproof doors. The panels were produced using hand lay compression moulding technique and cured at room temperature. Specimen cut from panels were then tested for tensile strength (TS), flexural strength (FS) and impact strength (IS) using universal testing machine and impact tester; thermal stability using (TGA/DSC 1: Metler Toledo); time-to-ignition (Tig), heat release rates (HRR); peak HRR (HRRp), average HRR (HRRavg), total HRR (THR), peak mass loss rate (MLRp), average smoke production rate (SPRavg) and carbon monoxide production (COP ) were obtained using the cone calorimeter apparatus. From the mechanical properties obtained, improvements of IS for the panels were not noticeable whereas TS and FS for WSPC12%APP-GAP respectively stood at 12.44 MPa and 85.58 MPa more than those without FR (WSPC0%). For WSC18%ATH/APP-GAP TS and FS respectively stood at 16.45 MPa and 50.49 MPa more compared to (WSPC0%). From the thermal analysis, the panels did not exhibit any significant change as early degradation was observed. At 900 OC, the char residues improved by 15% for WSPC12%APP-GAP and 19% for WSPC18%ATH/APP-GAP more than (WSC0%) at 5%, confirming the APP-GAP to be a good FR. At 50 kW/m2 heat flux (HF), WSPC12%APP-GAP improved better the fire behaviour of the panels when compared to WSC0% as follows; Tig = 46 s, HRRp = 56.1 kW/2, HRRavg = 32.8 kW/m2, THR = 66.6 MJ/m2, MLRp = 0.103 g/s, TSR = 0.04 m2/s and COP = 0.051 kg/kg. These were respectively more than WSC0%. It can be concluded that the new concept of modifying FR with GAP in WSC could meet the requirement of a fireproof door for building applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title="composite">composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20retardant" title=" flame retardant"> flame retardant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20sawdust" title=" wood sawdust"> wood sawdust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fireproof%20doors" title=" fireproof doors"> fireproof doors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128766/suitability-of-wood-sawdust-waste-reinforced-polymer-composite-for-fireproof-doors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">918</span> Effect of Pressure and Glue Spread on the Bonding Properties of CLT Panels Made from Low-Grade Hardwood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumanta%20Das">Sumanta Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miroslav%20Ga%C5%A1par%C3%ADk"> Miroslav Gašparík</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Kytka"> Tomáš Kytka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Sethy"> Anil Kumar Sethy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this modern century, Cross-laminated timber (CLT) evolved as an excellent material for building and high load-bearing structural applications worldwide. CLT is produced mainly from softwoods such as Norway spruce, White fir, Scots pine, European larch, Douglas fir, and Swiss stone pine. The use of hardwoods in CLT production is still at an early stage, and the utilization of hardwoods is expected to provide the opportunity for obtaining higher bending stiffness and shear resistance to CLT panels. In load-bearing structures like CLT, bonding is an important character that is needed to evaluate. One particular issue with using hardwood lumber in CLT panels is that it is often more challenging to achieve a strong, durable adhesive bond. Several researches in the past years have already evaluated the bonding properties of CLT panels from hardwood both from higher and lower densities. This research aims to identify the effect of pressure and glue spread and evaluate which poplar lumber characteristics affect adhesive bond quality. Three-layered CLT panels were prepared from poplar wood with one-component polyurethane (PUR) adhesive by applying pressure of 0.6 N/mm2 and 1 N/mm2 with a glue spread rate of 160 and 180 g/m2. The delamination and block shear tests were carried out as per EN 16351:2015, and the wood failure percentage was also evaluated. The results revealed that glue spread rate and applied pressure significantly influenced both the shear bond strength and wood failure percentage of the CLT. However, samples with lower pressure 0.6 N/mm2 and less glue spread rate showed delamination, and in samples with higher pressure 1 N/mm2 and higher glue spread rate, no delamination was observed. All the properties determined by this study met the minimum requirement mentioned in EN 16351:2015 standard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-laminated%20timber" title="cross-laminated timber">cross-laminated timber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delamination" title=" delamination"> delamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glue%20spread%20rate" title=" glue spread rate"> glue spread rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poplar" title=" poplar"> poplar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PUR" title=" PUR"> PUR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20strength" title=" shear strength"> shear strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20failure%20percentage" title=" wood failure percentage"> wood failure percentage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143583/effect-of-pressure-and-glue-spread-on-the-bonding-properties-of-clt-panels-made-from-low-grade-hardwood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">917</span> Improving the Dimensional Stability of Medium-Density Fiberboard with Bio-Based Additives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Hosseinpourpia">Reza Hosseinpourpia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stergios%20Adamopoulos"> Stergios Adamopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carsten%20Mai"> Carsten Mai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Medium density fiberboard (MDF) is a common category of wood-based panels that are widely used in the furniture industry. Fine lignocellulosic fibres are combined with a synthetic resin, mostly urea formaldehyde (UF), and joined together under heat and pressure to form panels. Like solid wood, MDF is a hygroscopic material; therefore, its moisture content depends on the surrounding relative humidity and temperature. In addition, UF is a hydrophilic resin and susceptible to hydrolysis under certain conditions of elevated temperatures and humidity, which cause dimensional instability of the panels. The latter directly affect the performance of final products such as furniture, when they are used in situations of high relative humidity. Existing water-repellent formulations, such as paraffin, present limitations related to their non-renewable nature, cost and highest allowed added amount. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the suitability of renewable water repellents as alternative chemicals for enhancing the dimensional stability of MDF panels. A small amount of tall oil based formulations were used as water-repellent agents in the manufacturing of laboratory scale MDF. The effects on dimensional stability, internal bond strength and formaldehyde release of MDF were tested. The results indicated a good potential of tall oil as a bio-based substance of water repellent formulations for improving the dimensional stability of MDF. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensional%20stability" title="dimensional stability">dimensional stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20density%20fiberboard" title=" medium density fiberboard"> medium density fiberboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20oil" title=" tall oil"> tall oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea%20formaldehyde" title=" urea formaldehyde"> urea formaldehyde</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58107/improving-the-dimensional-stability-of-medium-density-fiberboard-with-bio-based-additives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">916</span> Study on Parallel Shear Stress of Cement-Wood Composites Using Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. in natura and Treated with CCA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodrigo%20D.%20S.%20Oliveira">Rodrigo D. S. Oliveira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20David-Muzel"> Sarah David-Muzel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maristela%20Gava"> Maristela Gava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20A.%20De%20Araujo"> Victor A. De Araujo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glaucia%20A.%20Prates"> Glaucia A. Prates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliana%20Cortez-Barbosa"> Juliana Cortez-Barbosa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Improper disposal of treated wood waste is a problem of the timber sector, since this residue is toxic, due to the harmful characteristics of the preservative substances. An environmentally friendly alternative is the use of this waste for the production of cement-wood composites. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using wood treated with CCA (Chromated Cooper Arsenate) in cement-wood. Specimens of Pinus sp. and Eucalyptus sp. were produced with wood raw in natura and treated with CCA. A test was performed to determine the parallel shear stress of samples after 14 days of drying, according to the Brazilian Standard NBR-7215/97. Based on the analyzed results it is concluded that the use of wood treated with CCA is not feasible in cement-wood production, because the composite samples of treated wood showed lower mechanical strength in shear stress than those with wood in natura. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20recovery" title="waste recovery">waste recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20composites" title=" wood composites"> wood composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement-wood" title=" cement-wood"> cement-wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20preservation" title=" wood preservation"> wood preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromated%20copper%20arsenate" title=" chromated copper arsenate"> chromated copper arsenate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13252/study-on-parallel-shear-stress-of-cement-wood-composites-using-pinus-sp-and-eucalyptus-sp-in-natura-and-treated-with-cca" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">620</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">915</span> Structural Insulated Panels </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Padmini">R. Padmini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20V.%20Manoj%20Kumar"> G. V. Manoj Kumar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are a high-performance building system for residential and light commercial construction. The panels consist of an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings, typically oriented strand board (OSB). SIPs are manufactured under factory controlled conditions and can be fabricated to fit nearly any building design. The result is a building system that is extremely strong, energy efficient and cost effective. Building with SIPs will save you time, money and labor. Building with SIPs generally costs about the same as building with wood frame construction when you factor in the labor savings resulting from shorter construction time and less job-site waste. Other savings are realized because smaller heating and cooling systems are required with SIP construction. Structural insulated panels (SIPs) are one of the most airtight and well-insulated building systems available, making them an inherently green product. An airtight SIP building will use less energy to heat and cool, allow for better control over indoor environmental conditions, and reduce construction waste. Green buildings use less energy, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and playing an important role in combating global climate change. Buildings also use a tremendous amount of natural resources to construct and operate. Constructing green buildings that use these resources more efficiently, while minimizing pollution that can harm renewable natural resources, is crucial to a sustainable future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20performance" title="high performance">high performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under%20factory%20controlled" title=" under factory controlled"> under factory controlled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20frame" title=" wood frame"> wood frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title=" carbon dioxide emissions"> carbon dioxide emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20resources" title=" natural resources "> natural resources </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22763/structural-insulated-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">436</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">914</span> The Utilization of Bamboo for Wood Bamboo Composite in Lieu of Materials Furniture: Case Study of Furniture Industry in Jepara Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nurrizka%20Ramadhan">Muhammad Nurrizka Ramadhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Today,Demand for wood increase in rapid rate. Wood is widely used for many things range from building materials to furniture materials. This makes the forest area in Indonesia dropped dramatically, it is estimated that the area of Indonesiaan forest in 2020 will be only about 16 million hectares. The more forest in Indonesia loss, people are required to look for another material to subtitute wood for the furniture. Jepara, a city with the largest furniture industry in Indonesia, requires a large supply of wood, it can reach 300.000 – 500.000 cubic meters per year. Most of the furniture in Jepara use teak, mahogany, and rosewood. Though teak wood is a rare species that must be protected. Today the availability of bamboo in Indonesia is very big. With cheap price, and the period of rapid growth makes bamboo can be used as a substitute for wood for the furniture industry in the future. By making use bamboo to make wood bamboo composite to replace the use of wood for furniture material. This paper is about the use of bamboo as a substitute for wood bamboo composite for the furniture industry. Expected in future, wood can be replaced by a wood bamboo composite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bamboo" title="bamboo">bamboo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furniture" title=" furniture"> furniture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood" title=" wood"> wood</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54368/the-utilization-of-bamboo-for-wood-bamboo-composite-in-lieu-of-materials-furniture-case-study-of-furniture-industry-in-jepara-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">913</span> Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Fracture Mechanism in Paintings on Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Jamalabadi">Mohammad Jamalabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noemi%20Zabari"> Noemi Zabari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20%20Bratasz"> Lukasz Bratasz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Panel paintings -complex multi-layer structures consisting of wood support and a paint layer composed of a preparatory layer of gesso, paints, and varnishes- are among the category of cultural objects most vulnerable to relative humidity fluctuations and frequently found in museum collections. The current environmental specifications in museums have been derived using the criterion of crack initiation in an undamaged, usually new gesso layer laid on wood. In reality, historical paintings exhibit complex crack patterns called craquelures. The present paper analyses the structural response of a paint layer with a virtual network of rectangular cracks under environmental loadings using a three-dimensional model of a panel painting. Two modes of loading are considered -one induced by one-dimensional moisture response of wood support, termed the tangential loading, and the other isotropic induced by drying shrinkage of the gesso layer. The superposition of the two modes is also analysed. The modelling showed that minimum distances between cracks parallel to the wood grain depended on the gesso stiffness under the tangential loading. In spite of a non-zero Poisson’s ratio, gesso cracks perpendicular to the wood grain could not be generated by the moisture response of wood support. The isotropic drying shrinkage of gesso produced cracks that were almost evenly spaced in both directions. The modelling results were cross-checked with crack patterns obtained on a mock-up of a panel painting exposed to a number of extreme environmental variations in an environmental chamber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20saturation" title="fracture saturation">fracture saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20cracking" title=" surface cracking"> surface cracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paintings%20on%20wood" title=" paintings on wood"> paintings on wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20panels" title=" wood panels"> wood panels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138220/numerical-and-experimental-investigation-of-fracture-mechanism-in-paintings-on-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">912</span> Thermal Properties and Water Vapor Permeability for Cellulose-Based Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stanislavs%20Gendelis">Stanislavs Gendelis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maris%20Sinka"> Maris Sinka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andris%20Jakovics"> Andris Jakovics</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insulation materials made from natural sources have become more popular for the ecologisation of buildings, meaning wide use of such renewable materials. Such natural materials replace synthetic products which consume a large quantity of energy. The most common and the cheapest natural materials in Latvia are cellulose-based (wood and agricultural plants). The ecological aspects of such materials are well known, but experimental data about physical properties remains lacking. In this study, six different samples of wood wool panels and a mixture of hemp shives and lime (hempcrete) are analysed. Thermal conductivity and heat capacity measurements were carried out for wood wool and cement panels using the calibrated hot plate device. Water vapor permeability was tested for hempcrete material by using the gravimetric dry cup method. Studied wood wool panels are eco-friendly and harmless material, which is widely used in the interior design of public and residential buildings, where noise absorption and sound insulation is of importance. They are also suitable for high humidity facilities (e.g., swimming pools). The difference in panels was the width of used wood wool, which is linked to their density. The results of measured thermal conductivity are in a wide range, showing the worsening of properties with the increasing of the wool width (for the least dense 0.066, for the densest 0.091 W/(m·K)). Comparison with mineral insulation materials shows that thermal conductivity for such materials are 2-3 times higher and are comparable to plywood and fibreboard. Measured heat capacity was in a narrower range; here, the dependence on the wool width was not so strong due to the fact that heat capacity value is related to mass, not volume. The resulting heat capacity is a combination of two main components. A comparison of results for different panels allows to select the most suitable sample for a specific application because the dependencies of the thermal insulation and heat capacity properties on the wool width are not the same. Hempcrete is a much denser material compared to conventional thermal insulating materials. Therefore, its use helps to reinforce the structural capacity of the constructional framework, at the same time, it is lightweight. By altering the proportions of the ingredients, hempcrete can be produced as a structural, thermal, or moisture absorbent component. The water absorption and water vapor permeability are the most important properties of these materials. Information about absorption can be found in the literature, but there are no data about water vapor transmission properties. Water vapor permeability was tested for a sample of locally made hempcrete using different air humidity values to evaluate the possible difference. The results show only the slight influence of the air humidity on the water vapor permeability value. The absolute ‘sd value’ measured is similar to mineral wool and wood fiberboard, meaning that due to very low resistance, water vapor passes easily through the material. At the same time, other properties – structural and thermal of the hempcrete is totally different. As a result, an experimentally-based knowledge of thermal and water vapor transmission properties for cellulose-based materials was significantly improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20capacity" title="heat capacity">heat capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemp%20concrete" title=" hemp concrete"> hemp concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20vapor%20transmission" title=" water vapor transmission"> water vapor transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20wool" title=" wood wool"> wood wool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122624/thermal-properties-and-water-vapor-permeability-for-cellulose-based-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">911</span> Application of Artificial Neural Network in Initiating Cleaning Of Photovoltaic Solar Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Mokhtar">Mohamed Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20F.%20Shaaban"> Mostafa F. Shaaban</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the challenges facing solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), dust accumulation on solar panels is considered the most severe problem that faces the growth of solar power plants. The accumulation of dust on the solar panels significantly degrades output from these panels. Hence, solar PV panels have to be cleaned manually or using costly automated cleaning methods. This paper focuses on initiating cleaning actions when required to reduce maintenance costs. The cleaning actions are triggered only when the dust level exceeds a threshold value. The amount of dust accumulated on the PV panels is estimated using an artificial neural network (ANN). Experiments are conducted to collect the required data, which are used in the training of the ANN model. Then, this ANN model will be fed by the output power from solar panels, ambient temperature, and solar irradiance, and thus, it will be able to estimate the amount of dust accumulated on solar panels at these conditions. The model was tested on different case studies to confirm the accuracy of the developed model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title="machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust" title=" dust"> dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV%20panels" title=" PV panels"> PV panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131092/application-of-artificial-neural-network-in-initiating-cleaning-of-photovoltaic-solar-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">910</span> Single-Element Simulations of Wood Material in LS-DYNA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ren%20Zuo%20Wang">Ren Zuo Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, in order to investigate the behavior of the wood structure, the non-linearity of wood material model in LS-DYNA is adopted. It is difficult and less efficient to conduct the experiment of the ancient wood structure, hence LS-DYNA software can be used to simulate nonlinear responses of ancient wood structure. In LS-DYNA software, there is material model called *MAT_WOOD or *MAT_143. This model is to simulate a single-element response of the wood subjected to tension and compression under the parallel and the perpendicular material directions. Comparing with the exact solution and numerical simulations results using LS-DYNA, it demonstrates the accuracy and the efficiency of the proposed simulation method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LS-DYNA" title="LS-DYNA">LS-DYNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20structure" title=" wood structure"> wood structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-element%20simulations" title=" single-element simulations"> single-element simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAT_143" title=" MAT_143"> MAT_143</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66392/single-element-simulations-of-wood-material-in-ls-dyna" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">654</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">909</span> Analyzing the Efficiency of Several Gum Extraction Tapping Systems for Wood Apple Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20M.%20K.%20D%20Weerasekara">K. M. K. D Weerasekara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M.%20K.%20M%20Rathnayake"> R. M. K. M Rathnayake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20U.%20Halwatura"> R. U. Halwatura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Y.%20Jayasinghe"> G. Y. Jayasinghe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) trees are native to Sri Lanka and India. Wood apple gum is widely used in the food, coating, and pharmaceutical industries. Wood apple gum was a major component in ancient Sri Lankan coating technology as well. It is also used as a suspending agent in liquid syrups and food ingredients such as sauces, emulsifiers, and stabilizers. Industrial applications include adhesives for labeling and packaging, as well as paint binder. It is also used in the production of paper and cosmetics. Extraction of wood apple gum is an important step in ensuring maximum benefits for various uses. It is apparent that an abundance of untapped potential lies in wood apple gum if people are able to mass produce them. Hence, the current study uses a two-factor factorial design with two major variables and four replications to investigate the best gum-extracting tapping system for Wood apple gum. This study's findings will be useful to Wood apple cultivators, researchers, and gum-based industries alike. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20apple%20gum" title="wood apple gum">wood apple gum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limonia%20acidissima%20l." title=" limonia acidissima l."> limonia acidissima l.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tapping" title=" tapping"> tapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tapping%20cuts" title=" tapping cuts"> tapping cuts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174725/analyzing-the-efficiency-of-several-gum-extraction-tapping-systems-for-wood-apple-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">908</span> Fermentation of Wood Waste by Treating with H₃PO₄-Acetone for Bioethanol Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keonwook%20Nam"> Keonwook Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Roh"> Young Hoon Roh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood waste is a potentially significant resource for economic and environment-friendly recycling. Wood waste represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into bioethanol. Unfortunately, wood waste is highly recalcitrant for biotransformation, which limits its use and prevents economically viable conversion into bioethanol. As a result, an effective pretreatment is necessary to degrade cellulose of the wood waste, which improves the accessibility of cellulase. In this work, a H₃PO₄-acetone pretreatment was selected among the various pretreatment methods and used to dissolve cellulose and lignin. When the H₃PO₄ and acetone were used, 5–6% of the wood waste was found to be very appropriate for saccharification. Also, when the enzymatic saccharification was conducted in the mixture of the wood waste and 0.05 M citrate buffer solution, glucose and xylose were measured to be 80.2 g/L and 9.2 g/L respectively. Furthermore, ethanol obtained after 70 h of fermentation by S. cerevisiae was 30.4 g/L. As a result, the conversion yield from wood waste to bioethanol was calculated to be 57.4%. These results show that the pretreated wood waste can be used as good feedstocks for bioethanol production and that the H₃PO₄-acetone pretreatment can effectively increase the yield of ethanol production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20waste" title="wood waste">wood waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H%E2%82%83PO%E2%82%84-acetone" title=" H₃PO₄-acetone"> H₃PO₄-acetone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title=" bioethanol"> bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation" title=" fermentation "> fermentation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84149/fermentation-of-wood-waste-by-treating-with-h3po4-acetone-for-bioethanol-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84149.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">907</span> Sustainable Wood Stains Derived From Natural Dyes for Green Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexis%20Dorado">Alexis Dorado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aralyn%20Quintos"> Aralyn Quintos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the utilization of natural dyes for wood stains as a transformative agent for wood, encompassing color alteration, grain enhancement, and protection against harm. Commonly, wood stains are petroleum-based and synthetically derived. Notably, commercially accessible wood stains exhibit around 4% greater volatility than the formulated wood stain (FWS), potentially indicating a heightened environmental impact. The application of FWS does not significantly affect the performance of polyurethane varnish. The impact of incorporating an FWS when was applied to Gmelina arborea wood sample, the initial lightness value (L*) of 68.5, a* 7.7, b* 29.2 decreased to 44.36, a* 23.49, b* 32.60, where a* denotes the red/ green value, b* denotes the yellow/ blue, indicating a shift towards darker shades. This alteration in lightness suggests that the FWS contains compounds or pigments that effectively absorb or scatter light, resulting in a change in the perceived color and visual appearance of the wood surface. Moreover, the successful formulation of an eco-friendly natural wood stain is detailed, presenting a promising alternative. This method finds applicability in the domains of furniture and handicraft creation, offering a sustainable choice for creative artisans. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formulated%20wood%20stain%20%28FWS%29" title="formulated wood stain (FWS)">formulated wood stain (FWS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20dyes" title=" natural dyes"> natural dyes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20stains" title=" wood stains"> wood stains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-friendly%20natural%20wood%20stain" title=" eco-friendly natural wood stain"> eco-friendly natural wood stain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=""></a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171729/sustainable-wood-stains-derived-from-natural-dyes-for-green-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">906</span> Rubber Wood as a Potential Biomass Feedstock for Biochar via Slow Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adilah%20Shariff">Adilah Shariff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radin%20Hakim"> Radin Hakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurhayati%20Abdullah"> Nurhayati Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Utilisation of biomass feedstock for biochar has received increasing attention because of their potential for carbon sequestration and soil amendment. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of rubber wood as a biomass feedstock for biochar via slow pyrolysis process. This was achieved by using proximate, ultimate, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as heating value, pH and lignocellulosic determination. Rubber wood contains 4.13 mf wt.% moisture, 86.30 mf wt.% volatile matter, 0.60 mf wt.% ash content, and 13.10 mf wt.% fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis shows that rubber wood consists of 44.33 mf wt.% carbon, 6.26 mf wt.% hydrogen, 19.31 mf wt.% nitrogen, 0.31 mf wt.% sulphur, and 29.79 mf wt.% oxygen. The higher heating value of rubber wood is 22.5 MJ/kg, and its lower heating value is 21.2 MJ/kg. At 27 °C, the pH value of rubber wood is 6.83 which is acidic. The lignocellulosic analysis revealed that rubber wood composition consists of 2.63 mf wt.% lignin, 20.13 mf wt.% cellulose, and 65.04 mf wt.% hemicellulose. The volatile matter to fixed carbon ratio is 6.58. This led to a biochar yield of 25.14 wt.% at 500 °C. Rubber wood is an environmental friendly feedstock due to its low sulphur content. Rubber wood therefore is a suitable and a potential feedstock for biochar production via slow pyrolysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass" title=" biomass"> biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubber%20wood" title=" rubber wood"> rubber wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20pyrolysis" title=" slow pyrolysis"> slow pyrolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53243/rubber-wood-as-a-potential-biomass-feedstock-for-biochar-via-slow-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">905</span> Assessment of Hygroscopic Characteristics of Hevea brasiliensis Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Tosin%20Aladejana">John Tosin Aladejana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wood behave differently under different environmental conditions. The knowledge of the hygroscopic nature of wood becomes a key factor in selecting wood for use and required treatment. This study assessed the hygroscopic behaviour of Hevea brasiliensis (Rubber) wood. Void volume, volumetric swelling in the tangential, radial and longitudinal directions and volumetric shrinkage were used to assess the response of the wood when loosing or taking up moisture. Hevea brasiliensis wood samples cut into 20 × 20 × 60 mm taken longitudinally and transversely were used for the study and dried in the oven at 103 ± 2⁰C. The mean values for moisture content in green Hevea brasiliensis wood were 49.74 %, 51.14 % and 54.36 % for top, middle and bottom portion respectively while 51.77 %, 50.02 % and 53.45 % were recorded for outer, middle and inner portions respectively for the tree. The values obtained for volumetric shrinkage and swelling indicated that shrinkage and swelling were higher at the top part of H. brasiliensis. It was also observed that the longitudinal shrinkage was negligible while tangential direction showed the highest shrinkage among the wood direction. The values of the void volume obtained were 43.0 %, 39.0 % and 38.0 % at the top, middle and bottom respectively. The result obtained showed clarification on the wood density of hevea brasiliensis based on the position and portion of the wood species and the variation in moisture content, void volume, volumetric shrinkage and swelling were also revealed. This will provide information in the process of drying hevea brasiliensis wood to ensure better wood quality devoid of defects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moisture%20content" title="moisture content">moisture content</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swelling" title=" swelling"> swelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=void%20volume" title=" void volume"> void volume</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78996/assessment-of-hygroscopic-characteristics-of-hevea-brasiliensis-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78996.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">904</span> Conversion of Tropical Wood to Bio-oil and Charcoal by Using the Process of Pyrolysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kittiphop%20Promdee">Kittiphop Promdee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somruedee%20Satitkune"> Somruedee Satitkune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chakkrich%20Boonmee"> Chakkrich Boonmee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tharapong%20Vitidsant"> Tharapong Vitidsant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conversion of tropical wood using the process of pyrolysis, which converts tropical wood into fuel products, i.e. bio-oil and charcoal. The results showed the high thermal in the reactor core was thermally controlled between 0-600°C within 60 minutes. The products yield calculation showed that the liquid yield obtained from tropical wood was at its highest at 39.42 %, at 600°C, indicating that the tropical wood had received good yields because of a low gas yield average and high solid and liquid yield average. This research is not only concerned with the controlled temperatures, but also with the controlled screw rotating and feeding rate of biomass. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tropical%20wood" title=" tropical wood"> tropical wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-oil" title=" bio-oil"> bio-oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charcoal" title=" charcoal"> charcoal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20value" title=" heating value"> heating value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34906/conversion-of-tropical-wood-to-bio-oil-and-charcoal-by-using-the-process-of-pyrolysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">480</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">903</span> Analysis of Flexural Behavior of Wood-Concrete Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Li">M. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20D.%20Thi"> V. D. Thi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Khelifa"> M. Khelifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20El%20Ganaoui"> M. El Ganaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents an overview of the work carried out by the use of wood waste as coarse aggregate in mortar. The paper describes experimental and numerical investigations carried on pervious concrete made of wood chips and also sheds lights on the mechanical properties of this new product. The properties of pervious wood-concrete such as strength, elastic modulus, and failure modes are compared and evaluated. The characterization procedure of the mechanical properties of wood waste ash are presented and discussed. The numerical and tested load–deflection response results are compared. It was observed that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20waste%20ash" title="wood waste ash">wood waste ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=characterization" title=" characterization"> characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20tests" title=" bending tests"> bending tests</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67172/analysis-of-flexural-behavior-of-wood-concrete-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">902</span> Wood Ashes from Electrostatic Filter as a Replacement for the Fly Ashes in Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr-Robert%20Lazik">Piotr-Robert Lazik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harald%20Garrecht"> Harald Garrecht</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many concrete technologists are looking for a solution to replace Fly Ashes that would be unavailable in a few years as an element that occurs as a major component of many types of concrete. The importance of such component is clear - it saves cement and reduces the amount of CO<sub>2</sub> in the atmosphere that occurs during cement production. Wood Ashes from electrostatic filter can be used as a valuable substitute in concrete. The laboratory investigations showed that the wood ash concrete had a compressive strength comparable to coal fly ash concrete. These results indicate that wood ash can be used to manufacture normal concrete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20ashes" title="wood ashes">wood ashes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ashes" title=" fly ashes"> fly ashes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20filter" title=" electric filter"> electric filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=replacement" title=" replacement"> replacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20technology" title=" concrete technology"> concrete technology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117423/wood-ashes-from-electrostatic-filter-as-a-replacement-for-the-fly-ashes-in-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">901</span> The Experimental and Statistical Analysis of the Wood Strength against Pressure According to Different Wood Types, Sizes, and Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Altin">Mustafa Altin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamze%20Fahriye%20Pehlivan"> Gamze Fahriye Pehlivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadiye%20Didem%20Boztepe%20Erkis"> Sadiye Didem Boztepe Erkis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakir%20Tasdemir"> Sakir Tasdemir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevda%20Altin"> Sevda Altin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an experimental study was executed related to the strength of wooden materials which have been commonly used both in the past and present against pressure and whether fire retardant materials used against fire have any effects or not. Totally, 81 samples which included three different wood species, three different sizes, two different fire retardants and two unprocessed samples were prepared. Compressive pressure tests were applied to the prepared samples, their variance analyses were executed in accordance with the obtained results and it was aimed to determine the most convenient wooden materials and fire-retardant coating material. It was also determined that the species of wood and the species of coating caused the decrease and/or increase in the resistance against pressure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance%20of%20wood%20against%20pressure" title="resistance of wood against pressure">resistance of wood against pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=species%20of%20wood" title=" species of wood"> species of wood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variance%20analysis" title=" variance analysis"> variance analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20coating" title=" wood coating"> wood coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20fire%20safety" title=" wood fire safety"> wood fire safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19264/the-experimental-and-statistical-analysis-of-the-wood-strength-against-pressure-according-to-different-wood-types-sizes-and-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">900</span> Dynamic Analysis of Composite Doubly Curved Panels with Variable Thickness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Algul">I. Algul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Akgun"> G. Akgun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Kurtaran"> H. Kurtaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamic analysis of composite doubly curved panels with variable thickness subjected to different pulse types using Generalized Differential Quadrature method (GDQ) is presented in this study. Panels with variable thickness are used in the construction of aerospace and marine industry. Giving variable thickness to panels can allow the designer to get optimum structural efficiency. For this reason, estimating the response of variable thickness panels is very important to design more reliable structures under dynamic loads. Dynamic equations for composite panels with variable thickness are obtained using virtual work principle. Partial derivatives in the equation of motion are expressed with GDQ and Newmark average acceleration scheme is used for temporal discretization. Several examples are used to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are compared with finite element method. Effects of taper ratios, boundary conditions and loading type on the response of composite panel are investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20quadrature%20method" title="differential quadrature method">differential quadrature method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20curved%20panels" title=" doubly curved panels"> doubly curved panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminated%20composite%20materials" title=" laminated composite materials"> laminated composite materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20displacement" title=" small displacement"> small displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965/dynamic-analysis-of-composite-doubly-curved-panels-with-variable-thickness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">899</span> Chromium Adsorption by Modified Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Domingos">I. Domingos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Esteves"> B. Esteves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Figueirinha"> A. Figueirinha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%C3%ADsa%20P.%20Cruz-Lopes"> Luísa P. Cruz-Lopes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Ferreira"> J. Ferreira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Pereira"> H. Pereira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chromium is one of the most common heavy metals which exist in very high concentrations in wastewater. The removal is very expensive due to the high cost of normal adsorbents. Lignocellulosic materials and mainly treated materials have proven to be a good solution for this problem. Adsorption tests were performed at different pH, different times and with varying concentrations. Results show that is at pH 3 that treated wood absorbs more chromium ranging from 70% (2h treatment) to almost 100% (12 h treatment) much more than untreated wood with less than 40%. Most of the adsorption is made in the first 2-3 hours for untreated and heat treated wood. Modified wood adsorbs more chromium throughout the time. For all the samples, adsorption fitted relatively well the Langmuir model with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.85 to 0.97. The results show that heat treated wood is a good adsorbent ant that this might be a good utilization for sawdust from treating companies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title=" chromium"> chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wood%20modification" title=" wood modification"> wood modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11132/chromium-adsorption-by-modified-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">898</span> Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Infilled Frames under Seismic Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Badla">W. Badla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant portion of the buildings constructed in Algeria is structural frames with infill panels which are usually considered as non structural components and are neglected in the analysis. However, these masonry panels tend to influence the structural response. Thus, these structures can be regarded as seismic risk buildings, although in the Algerian seismic code there is little guidance on the seismic evaluation of infilled frame buildings. In this study, three RC frames with 2, 4, and 8 story and subjected to three recorded Algerian accelerograms are studied. The diagonal strut approach is adopted for modeling the infill panels and a fiber model is used to model RC members. This paper reports on the seismic evaluation of RC frames with brick infill panels. The results obtained show that the masonry panels enhance the load lateral capacity of the buildings and the infill panel configuration influences the response of the structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20design" title="seismic design">seismic design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20frames" title=" RC frames"> RC frames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infill%20panels" title=" infill panels"> infill panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20linear%20dynamic%20analysis" title=" non linear dynamic analysis"> non linear dynamic analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21693/behaviour-of-reinforced-concrete-infilled-frames-under-seismic-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">546</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">897</span> Local Buckling of Web-Core and Foam-Core Sandwich Panels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20N.%20Suri">Ali N. Suri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20A.%20Al-Makhlufi"> Ahmad A. Al-Makhlufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sandwich construction is widely accepted as a method of construction especially in the aircraft industry. It is a type of stressed skin construction formed by bonding two thin faces to a thick core, the faces resist all of the applied edge loads and provide all or nearly all of the required rigidities, the core spaces the faces to increase cross section moment of inertia about common neutral axis and transmit shear between them provides a perfect bond between core and faces is made. Material for face sheets can be of metal or reinforced plastics laminates, core material can be metallic cores of thin sheets forming corrugation or honeycomb, or non-metallic core of Balsa wood, plastic foams, or honeycomb made of reinforced plastics. For in plane axial loading web core and web-foam core Sandwich panels can fail by local buckling of plates forming the cross section with buckling wave length of the order of length of spacing between webs. In this study local buckling of web core and web-foam core Sandwich panels is carried out for given materials of facing and core, and given panel overall dimension for different combinations of cross section geometries. The Finite Strip Method is used for the analysis, and Fortran based computer program is developed and used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20buckling" title="local buckling">local buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20strip" title=" finite strip"> finite strip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwich%20panels" title=" sandwich panels"> sandwich panels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web%20and%20foam%20core" title=" web and foam core"> web and foam core</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7299/local-buckling-of-web-core-and-foam-core-sandwich-panels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=30">30</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstituted%20wood%20panels&page=31">31</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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