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class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Klassisk+mekanik" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Klassisk+mekanik" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Indelning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indelning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Indelning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indelning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newtons_lagar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newtons_lagar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Newtons lagar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Newtons_lagar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Newtons lagar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Newtons_lagar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inertialram,_kraftbegreppet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inertialram,_kraftbegreppet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Inertialram, kraftbegreppet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inertialram,_kraftbegreppet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidareutveckling_av_Newtonsk_mekanik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidareutveckling_av_Newtonsk_mekanik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vidareutveckling av Newtonsk mekanik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vidareutveckling_av_Newtonsk_mekanik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grundläggande_begrepp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grundläggande_begrepp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Grundläggande begrepp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grundläggande_begrepp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idealiseringar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idealiseringar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Idealiseringar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idealiseringar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Klassisk mekanik</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 112 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassieke_meganika" title="Klassieke meganika – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Klassieke meganika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassische_Mechanik" title="Klassische Mechanik – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Klassische Mechanik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ميكانيكا تقليدية – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميكانيكا تقليدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_clasica" title="Mecanica clasica – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mecanica clasica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ধ্ৰুপদী বলবিজ্ঞান – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধ্ৰুপদী বলবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Mecánica clásica – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mecánica clásica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Klassik mexanika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9_%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="کلاسیک مکانیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کلاسیک مکانیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিরায়ত বলবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিরায়ত বলবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3%CD%98-ti%C3%A1n_le%CC%8Dk-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kó͘-tián le̍k-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Mekanika klasik" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классик механика – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Классик механика" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класічная механіка – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Класічная механіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Клясычная мэханіка – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Клясычная мэханіка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="क्लासिकल मैकेनिक्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्लासिकल मैकेनिक्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класическа механика – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класическа механика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Klasična mehanika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Һунгадаг механика – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Һунгадаг механика" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A0nica_cl%C3%A0ssica" title="Mecànica clàssica – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mecànica clàssica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классикăлла механика – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Классикăлла механика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasick%C3%A1_mechanika" title="Klasická mechanika – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klasická mechanika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecaneg_glasurol" title="Mecaneg glasurol – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mecaneg glasurol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassisk_mekanik" title="Klassisk mekanik – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klassisk mekanik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassische_Mechanik" title="Klassische Mechanik – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Klassische Mechanik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassikaline_mehaanika" title="Klassikaline mehaanika – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Klassikaline mehaanika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Κλασική μηχανική – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλασική μηχανική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Classical mechanics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Mecánica clásica – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mecánica clásica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasika_mekaniko" title="Klasika mekaniko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Klasika mekaniko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_klasiko" title="Mekanika klasiko – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mekanika klasiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="مکانیک کلاسیک – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مکانیک کلاسیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Classical mechanics" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9canique_newtonienne" title="Mécanique newtonienne – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mécanique newtonienne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meicnic_Newton" title="Meicnic Newton – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meicnic Newton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A1nica_cl%C3%A1sica" title="Mecánica clásica – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mecánica clásica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="고전역학 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고전역학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Դասական մեխանիկա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դասական մեխանիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="चिरसम्मत यांत्रिकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिरसम्मत यांत्रिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klasična mehanika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasika_mekaniko" title="Klasika mekaniko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Klasika mekaniko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_klasik" title="Mekanika klasik – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mekanika klasik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanica_classic" title="Mechanica classic – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mechanica classic" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_classic" title="Mecanica classic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mecanica classic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADgild_aflfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Sígild aflfræði – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sígild aflfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccanica_classica" title="Meccanica classica – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meccanica classica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מכניקה קלאסית – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכניקה קלאסית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9E%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಗತಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗತಿವಿಜ್ಞಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კლასიკური მექანიკა – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კლასიკური მექანიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классикалық механика – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Классикалық механика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umakanika_kawaida" title="Umakanika kawaida – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Umakanika kawaida" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9kanik_newtonyenn" title="Mékanik newtonyenn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mékanik newtonyenn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanica_Newtoniana" title="Mechanica Newtoniana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mechanica Newtoniana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasisk%C4%81_meh%C4%81nika" title="Klasiskā mehānika – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klasiskā mehānika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasikin%C4%97_mechanika" title="Klasikinė mechanika – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Klasikinė mechanika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_clasica" title="Mecanica clasica – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Mecanica clasica" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanega_classega" title="Mecanega classega – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Mecanega classega" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasszikus_mechanika" title="Klasszikus mechanika – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klasszikus mechanika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична механика – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Класична механика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ഉദാത്തബലതന്ത്രം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉദാത്തബലതന്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekkanika_klassika" title="Mekkanika klassika – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Mekkanika klassika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="अभिजात यामिकी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अभिजात यामिकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="კლასიკური მექანიკა – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კლასიკური მექანიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الميكانيكا الكلاسيكيه – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الميكانيكا الكلاسيكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanik_klasik" title="Mekanik klasik – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mekanik klasik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Сонгодог механик – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сонгодог механик" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%B9%E1%80%80%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဂန္ထဝင် မက္ကင်းနစ် – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂန္ထဝင် မက္ကင်းနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassieke_mechanica" title="Klassieke mechanica – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Klassieke mechanica" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="古典力学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="古典力学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классикан механика – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Классикан механика" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassisk_mekanikk" title="Klassisk mekanikk – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klassisk mekanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassisk_mekanikk" title="Klassisk mekanikk – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klassisk mekanikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanica_classica" title="Mecanica classica – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mecanica classica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Klassik mexanika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਟਕਸਾਲੀ ਮਕੈਨਕੀ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟਕਸਾਲੀ ਮਕੈਨਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D9%85%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%B3" title="کلاسیکل مکینکس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلاسیکل مکینکس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasikal_mikianix" title="Klasikal mikianix – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Klasikal mikianix" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassische_Mechanik" title="Klassische Mechanik – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Klassische Mechanik" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanika_klasyczna" title="Mechanika klasyczna – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mechanika klasyczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mec%C3%A2nica_cl%C3%A1ssica" title="Mecânica clássica – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mecânica clássica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassik_mexanika" title="Klassik mexanika – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Klassik mexanika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_clasic%C4%83" title="Mecanică clasică – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mecanică clasică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класічна механіка – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Класічна механіка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классическая механика – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Классическая механика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%95%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Олоҕурбут механика – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Олоҕурбут механика" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_klasike" title="Mekanika klasike – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mekanika klasike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="සම්භාව්‍යය යාන්ත්‍ර විද්‍යාව – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සම්භාව්‍යය යාන්ත්‍ර විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics" title="Classical mechanics – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Classical mechanics" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ڪلاسيڪل ميڪانيات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪلاسيڪل ميڪانيات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasick%C3%A1_mechanika" title="Klasická mechanika – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Klasická mechanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klasična mehanika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="میکانیکی کلاسیک – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میکانیکی کلاسیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична механика – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Класична механика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasi%C4%8Dna_mehanika" title="Klasična mehanika – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Klasična mehanika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassinen_mekaniikka" title="Klassinen mekaniikka – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Klassinen mekaniikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasikong_mekanika" title="Klasikong mekanika – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Klasikong mekanika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மரபார்ந்த விசையியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மரபார்ந்த விசையியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классик механика – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Классик механика" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="సాంప్రదాయ యాంత్రికశాస్త్రం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సాంప్రదాయ యాంత్రికశాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลศาสตร์ดั้งเดิม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D3%A3" title="Механикаи классикӣ – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Механикаи классикӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasik_mekanik" title="Klasik mekanik – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klasik mekanik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Классиктиг механика – tuviniska" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Классиктиг механика" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Класична механіка – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Класична механіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="کلاسیکی میکانیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلاسیکی میکانیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassine_mehanik" title="Klassine mehanik – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Klassine mehanik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_h%E1%BB%8Dc_c%E1%BB%95_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83n" title="Cơ học cổ điển – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ học cổ điển" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="經典力學 – litterär kineiska" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="經典力學" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="litterär kineiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekanika_klasika" title="Mekanika klasika – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mekanika klasika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="经典力学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7" title="קלאסישע מעכאניק – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קלאסישע מעכאניק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%B8" title="古典力學 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古典力學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E5%85%B8%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="经典力学 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经典力学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" 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table.ambox th.ambox-text,.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-text{padding:.25em .5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-image{padding:2px 0 2px .5em;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox td.ambox-imageright{padding:2px 4px 2px 0;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #608ec2}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete,.mw-parser-output table.ambox-serious{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox{border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .messagebox{border:1px solid #aaaaaa;background-color:#f8f9fa;width:80%;margin:0 auto 1em auto;padding:.2em}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.merge{border:1px solid #c0b8cc;background-color:#f0e5ff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.cleanup{border:1px solid #9f9fff;background-color:#efefff;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.standard-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba}.mw-parser-output .messagebox.nested-talk{border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;width:100%;margin:2px 4px}</style><table class="metadata ambox ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td class="ambox-image"> <div style="width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/50px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td> <td class="ambox-text">Den här artikeln har källhänvisningar, men eftersom det saknas <i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion_till_k%C3%A4llh%C3%A4nvisningar" title="Wikipedia:Introduktion till källhänvisningar">fotnoter</a></i> är det svårt att avgöra vilken uppgift som är hämtad var. <b><small>(2015-12)</small></b> <br /><small>Hjälp gärna till med att <b><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit">redigera artikeln</a></b>, eller diskutera saken på <a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Klassisk_mekanik" title="Diskussion:Klassisk mekanik">diskussionssidan</a>. </small></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif/250px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif/375px-Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Newtons_cradle_animation_book.gif 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Newtons_vagga" title="Newtons vagga">Newtons vagga</a> stående ovanpå ett exemplar av <a href="/wiki/Philosophi%C3%A6_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica"><i>Principia</i></a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Klassisk mekanik</b> är den del av mekaniken som grundar sig på de rörelselagar som <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> formulerade i sitt banbrytande verk <a href="/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica">Principia</a> 1687. Mekanik är den del av <a href="/wiki/Fysik" title="Fysik">fysiken</a> som beskriver växelverkan mellan materiella system (kroppar) i vila eller rörelse eller, alternativt formulerat, sambandet mellan en kropps rörelse och de <a href="/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft">krafter</a> som påverkar den. Den klassiska mekanikens giltighetsområde är begränsat dels till kroppar med massor som är mycket större än elementarpartiklarnas massor, dels till kroppar som rör sig med hastigheter som är mycket mindre än ljushastigheten. I annat fall måste hänsyn tas till kvantmekaniska respektive relativistiska effekter. Eftersom klassisk mekanik dels anses som en fundamental vetenskap, dels är av central betydelse inom ett flertal tekniska tillämpningsområden, såsom maskin- och byggnadsteknik, betraktas mekanik ofta som en egen disciplin skild från fysiken. Inom tekniska utbildningar ges ofta separata kurser i mekanik, fristående från allmänna fysikkurser, och ämnet har ofta egna institutioner och akademiska befattningar, till exempel professurer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indelning">Indelning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Indelning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Indelning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klassisk mekanik brukar indelas i <a href="/wiki/Statik" title="Statik">statik</a>, som behandlar kroppar i vila, och <a href="/wiki/Dynamik_(mekanik)" title="Dynamik (mekanik)">dynamik</a>, som behandlar kroppar i rörelse. Dynamik kan i sin tur delas in i <a href="/wiki/Kinematik" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinematik">kinematik</a>, som beskriver <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6relse_(fysik)" title="Rörelse (fysik)">rörelse</a> utan hänsyn tagen till verkande krafter, det vill säga en rent geometrisk beskrivning, och <a href="/wiki/Dynamik_(mekanik)" title="Dynamik (mekanik)">dynamik</a>, som beskriver sambandet mellan verkande <a href="/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft">krafter</a> och kroppars rörelse. Denna indelning är dock inte allmänt accepterad. Ofta brukar begreppet dynamik användas synonymt med kinetik. Det är även vanligt förekommande att statik betraktas som ett specialfall av dynamik. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newtons_lagar">Newtons lagar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Newtons lagar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Newtons lagar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grunden för den klassiska mekaniken lades 5 juli 1687 med <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newtons</a> verk <i><a href="/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica">Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica</a></i>, ofta enbart benämnd Principia, som här byggde vidare på den grund som tidigare under 1600-talet lagts av <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>. </p><p>I Principia formulerade Newton sina tre grundläggande lagar, vilka med modern terminologi och språkbruk lyder: </p> <ol><li><i>En kropp förblir i sitt tillstånd av vila eller likformig rörelse om den inte av verkande krafter tvingas att ändra detta tillstånd.</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B6ghetslagen" title="Tröghetslagen">tröghetslagen</a>)</li> <li><i>Tidsförändringen av <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6relsem%C3%A4ngd" title="Rörelsemängd">rörelsemängden</a> för en kropp är lika med den kraft kroppen utsätts för.</i> <br />Lagen uttrycks numera oftast som att produkten av kroppens massa och dess acceleration är lika med den verkande kraften.</li> <li><i>Två kroppars ömsesidiga verkningar på varandra är alltid lika stora och riktade åt motsatt håll.</i> (lagen om verkan och motverkan)</li></ol> <p>Även om den klassiska mekaniken utvecklats ytterligare sedan Newtons lagar formulerades utgör dessa grundprinciper fortfarande fundamentet för ämnet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inertialram,_kraftbegreppet"><span id="Inertialram.2C_kraftbegreppet"></span>Inertialram, kraftbegreppet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Inertialram, kraftbegreppet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Inertialram, kraftbegreppet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Även om Newtons första två lagar är skenbart enkla, har de ofta varit föremål för debatt, och någon fullständig konsensus kan inte sägas föreligga om deras tolkning. </p><p>Eftersom begrepp som vila och hastighet ingår i formuleringen av lagarna, är det uppenbart att något slags referensram måste existera för att sådana begrepp skall vara meningsfulla. En referensram där Newtons lagar gäller brukar benämnas en inertialram (<a href="/wiki/Inertialsystem" title="Inertialsystem">inertialsystem</a>, tröghetssystem). Eftersom krafter i klassisk mekanik förutsätts vara objektiva storheter, det vill säga oberoende av referensram, får en godtagbar referensram inte accelerera. Det är därför brukligt att kräva att en inertialram skall vara fixerad, men eftersom det inte finns någon fix punkt i universum kvarstår likväl problemet. Den enda invändningsfria definitionen är att en inertialram är en referensram, där Newtons första lag är giltig. Dessvärre gäller att det är praktiskt taget omöjligt att genomföra experiment på kroppar utan kraftpåverkan, eftersom detta skulle förutsätta att kroppen avlägsnades på behörigt avstånd från all annan materia. Experiment ger emellertid vid handen att för de flesta praktiska tillämpningar ger en jordfast referensram god överensstämmelse mellan teori och experiment. Dock gäller att i sådana situationer där jordrotationen är av betydelse, till exempel satellitrörelse, vindar och havsströmmar, krävs en referensram som inte medföljer <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">jorden</a> i dess rotation. För studier av planetrörelse krävs en referensram fixerad i förhållande till <a href="/wiki/Solen" title="Solen">solen</a> och så vidare. Slutsatsen är att någon absolut inertialram som är universellt användbar inte kan definieras, men att det för varje enskild tillämpning bör vara möjligt att hitta en referensram där Newtons lagar gäller med tillräckligt god approximation. Även om Newton i Principia inte utvecklade sina tankegångar angående referensramar, har det hävdats att anledningen till att han delade upp sina två första lagar var att han såg den första som ett sätt att fastlägga en giltig referensram. I annat fall hade den första lagen enbart varit ett specialfall av den andra, en beskrivning som ibland framförs i elementära läroböcker. </p><p>Om den första lagen används för att definiera en giltig referensram, kan den andra lagen sägas beskriva hur en kropp rör sig i detta referenssystem då den påverkas av krafter. Här finns skilda meningar om hur begreppet <i>krafter</i> skall tolkas. En uppfattning är att den andra lagen skall ses som en definition av begreppet kraft i termer av massa och acceleration. Det finns åtminstone tre starka invändningar mot detta synsätt. För det första kommer endast summan av de på kroppen verkande krafterna att definieras, även om det är så att kroppen påverkas av ett antal olika krafter med skilda källor. För det andra blir hela definitionen meningslös för en kropp i vila. För det tredje finns det inga möjligheter att göra några som helst förutsägelser om verkligheten med ett sådant synsätt. En mera framkomlig väg skulle kunna vara att låta krafter definieras av andra fysikaliska lagar, det vill säga lagarna för gravitation och elektromagnetism. Detta må vara möjligt att utföra i teorin, men i praktiken är det inte möjligt att utföra kvantitativa beräkningar på detta sätt. I den klassiska mekaniken betraktas därför krafter som ett begrepp, där den kraft som en kropp utövar på en annan definieras från fall till fall beroende på ursprung. Vissa krafter är bestämda av den påverkade kroppens läge och rörelsetillstånd, till exempel gravitationskrafter, elastiska kontaktkrafter, luft- och strömningsmotstånd, och kan beräknas med hjälp av befintliga modeller. Andra krafter uppkommer vid kontakter där en kropp är utsatt för tvång, det vill säga en inskränkning i dess möjlighet att förflytta sig. Sådana krafter benämns tvångskrafter och är i normalfallet obestämda. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidareutveckling_av_Newtonsk_mekanik">Vidareutveckling av Newtonsk mekanik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Vidareutveckling av Newtonsk mekanik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Vidareutveckling av Newtonsk mekanik"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den klassiska mekaniken utvecklades vidare under 1700-talet av bland andra <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernoulli" title="Johann Bernoulli">Johann Bernoulli</a> och <a href="/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert" title="Jean le Rond d'Alembert">Jean le Rond d'Alembert</a>, som formulerade d'Alemberts princip. Därmed var grunden för den <a href="/wiki/Analytisk_mekanik" title="Analytisk mekanik">analytiska mekaniken</a> lagd. Här gavs viktiga bidrag av framför allt <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Louis_Lagrange" title="Joseph-Louis Lagrange">Joseph-Louis Lagrange</a> med <a href="/wiki/Lagranges_ekvationer" title="Lagranges ekvationer">Lagranges ekvationer</a> 1788 och <a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">William Rowan Hamilton</a> med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hamiltons_princip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hamiltons princip [inte skriven än]">Hamiltons princip</a> 1834–1835. </p><p>Både Lagranges och Hamiltons arbeten kan sägas ligga till grund för den mekaniska beskrivningen av termodynamiken. </p><p>Den klassiska mekanikens lagar kan härledas både ur den speciella <a href="/wiki/Relativitetsteori" title="Relativitetsteori">relativitetsteorin</a> och ur <a href="/wiki/Kvantmekanik" title="Kvantmekanik">kvantmekaniken</a>, där den är specialfall. </p><p>Den klassiska mekaniken kan även tillämpas för kroppar med inre <a href="/wiki/Friktion" title="Friktion">friktion</a>, och utgör därför även grunden för <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5llfasthetsl%C3%A4ra" title="Hållfasthetslära">hållfasthetslära</a> och <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mningsmekanik" title="Strömningsmekanik">strömningsmekanik</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundläggande_begrepp"><span id="Grundl.C3.A4ggande_begrepp"></span>Grundläggande begrepp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grundläggande begrepp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grundläggande begrepp"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Varje fysiskt objekt har ett antal mätbara egenskaper: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massa" title="Massa">Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(fysik)" title="Rum (fysik)">Läge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastighet" title="Hastighet">Hastighet</a></li></ul> <p>För objekt med rumslig utbredning även </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masscentrum" title="Masscentrum">Masscentrum</a>, positionen för det viktade medelvärdet av delarnas massa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%B6ghetsmoment" title="Tröghetsmoment">Tröghetsmoment</a>, en egenskap hos objektets massfördelning</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orientering_(mekanik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orientering (mekanik) [inte skriven än]">Orientering</a>, hur objektet är roterat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotationshastighet" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotationshastighet">Rotationshastighet</a>, relaterat till hur objektets orientering ändras</li></ul> <p>För att uppskatta hur växelverkan fungerar införs ett antal härledda begrepp, till exempel: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kraft" title="Kraft">Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6relsem%C3%A4ngdsmoment" title="Rörelsemängdsmoment">Rörelsemängdsmoment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">Acceleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6relsem%C3%A4ngd" title="Rörelsemängd">Rörelsemängd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryck" title="Tryck">Tryck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Densitet" title="Densitet">Densitet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyngd" title="Tyngd">Tyngd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">Energi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Idealiseringar">Idealiseringar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Idealiseringar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Idealiseringar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vid praktiska tillämpningar är det ofta nödvändigt att göra idealiseringar. För många enkla beräkningar kan man till exempel anta att en kropp saknar utbredning och att all massa är koncentrerad till en enda punkt (i <a href="/wiki/Masscentrum" title="Masscentrum">masscentrum</a>). En annan mycket vanlig idealisering är att anta att det man vill räkna på är en <a href="/wiki/Stel_kropp" title="Stel kropp">stel kropp</a>, det vill säga att kroppen inte deformeras. Den förenklingen fungerar bra om man vill titta på yttre krafter och hur kroppen kommer att accelerera men idealiseringen fungerar inte om man vill räkna på en <a href="/wiki/St%C3%B6t_(mekanik)" title="Stöt (mekanik)">stöt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytisk_mekanik" title="Analytisk mekanik">Analytisk mekanik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klassisk_fysik" title="Klassisk fysik">Klassisk fysik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anzelius, Adolf (1949). <i>Kortfattat kompendium i mekanik</i>, Chalmers tekniska högskola, Göteborg.</li> <li>Chow, Tai L. (1995). <i>Classical mechanics</i>, Wiley, New York. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-471-04365-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-471-04365-6">ISBN 0-471-04365-6</a></li> <li>Goldstein, Herbert (1980). <i>Classical mechanics</i> (2:a upplagan), Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/0-201-02918-9" title="Special:Bokkällor/0-201-02918-9">ISBN 0-201-02918-9</a></li> <li>Groesberg, Sanford W. (1968). <i>Advanced mechanics</i>, Wiley, New York.</li> <li>Symon, Keith R. (1960). <i>Mechanics</i>, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klassisk_mekanik&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classical_mechanics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Classical mechanics">Klassisk mekanik</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Classical_mechanics" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Classical mechanics">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4038168-7">4038168-7</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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