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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Religion and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catawba_Indian_Nation_Land_Trust" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catawba_Indian_Nation_Land_Trust"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Catawba Indian Nation Land Trust</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Catawba_Indian_Nation_Land_Trust-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Catawba Indian Nation Land Trust subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Catawba_Indian_Nation_Land_Trust-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaming_relations_with_South_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaming_relations_with_South_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Gaming relations with South Carolina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaming_relations_with_South_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaming_relations_with_North_Carolina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaming_relations_with_North_Carolina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Gaming relations with North Carolina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaming_relations_with_North_Carolina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catawba people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="كاتاوبا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاتاوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Катоба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Катоба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Катоба – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Катоба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawbes" title="Catawbes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catawbes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba" title="Catawba – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Catawba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba" title="Catawba – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Catawba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba" title="Catawba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catawba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catobas" title="Catobas – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catobas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C3%B4ba_(folk)" title="Katôba (folk) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Katôba (folk)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%86%A0%EB%B0%94%EC%A1%B1" title="카토바족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카토바족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba_Indijanci" title="Catawba Indijanci – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Catawba Indijanci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba" title="Catawba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Catawba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba" title="Catawba – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Catawba" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawbas" title="Catawbas – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catawbas" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Catawba_people&params=34_54_17_N_80_53_01_W_scale:50000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°54′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°53′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.90472°N 80.88361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.90472; -80.88361</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_(tribe)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Catawba (tribe)">Catawba (tribe)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federally-recognized Indian Nation in South Carolina, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Catawba Indians" redirects here. For the sports teams, see <a href="/wiki/Catawba_College#Athletics" title="Catawba College">Catawba College § Athletics</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Esaw" redirects here. For the person, see <a href="/wiki/Esau" title="Esau">Esau</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Catawba_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catawba (disambiguation)">Catawba (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Catawba</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div><a href="/wiki/Catawba_language" title="Catawba language">Catawba</a>: <i lang="chc">Ye Iswąˀ</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catawba_lang.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Catawba_lang.png/270px-Catawba_lang.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Catawba_lang.png/405px-Catawba_lang.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Catawba_lang.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="339" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pre-contact distribution of the Catawba</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">2010: 3,370<sup id="cite_ref-2010_census_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">English</a>, formerly <a href="/wiki/Catawba_language" title="Catawba language">Catawba</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American religion">Traditional Indigenous (private)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Syncretistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretistic">syncretistic</a> forms), <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Lumbee" title="Lumbee">Lumbee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waccamaw_Siouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Waccamaw Siouan">Waccamaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eno_people" title="Eno people">Eno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shakori" title="Shakori">Shakori</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Siouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siouan">Siouan</a> peoples </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian reservation in United States, Catawba Nation</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Catawba Reservation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in South Carolina"><img alt="Location in South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg/250px-0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg/375px-0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg/500px-0525R_Catawba_Reservation_Locator_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1278" data-file-height="1027" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in South Carolina</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tribe</th><td class="infobox-data">Catawba Nation</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina">York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chief</th><td class="infobox-data">William Harris</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Assistant Chief</th><td class="infobox-data">Jason Harris</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Secretary</th><td class="infobox-data">Roderick Beck</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2010)<sup id="cite_ref-2010_census_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_census-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,370</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catawba.com/">catawba.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Catawba</b>, also known as <b>Issa</b>, <b>Essa</b> or <b>Iswä</b> but most commonly <i><b>Iswa</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Catawba_language" title="Catawba language">Catawba</a>: <span title="Catawba-language text"><i lang="chc">Ye Iswąˀ</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">people of the river</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are a <a href="/wiki/Federally_recognized_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally recognized tribe">federally recognized tribe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a>, known as the <b>Catawba Indian Nation.</b><sup id="cite_ref-TribeSite_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TribeSite-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their current lands are in <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Catawba_River" title="Catawba River">Catawba River</a>, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill</a>. Their territory once extended into <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, as well, and they still have legal claim to some parcels of land in that state. They were once considered one of the most powerful Southeastern tribes in the Carolina Piedmont, as well as one of the most powerful tribes in the South as a whole, with other, smaller tribes merging into the Catawba as their post-contact numbers dwindled due to the effects of colonization on the region. </p><p>The Catawba were among the East Coast tribes who made selective alliances with some of the early European <a href="/wiki/Colonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonists">colonists</a>, when these colonists agreed to help them in their ongoing conflicts with other tribes. These were primarily the tribes of different language families: the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a>, who ranged south from the Great Lakes area and New York; the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> (Delaware); and the <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquoian">Iroquoian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>, who fought for control over the large <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley">Ohio Valley</a> (including what is in present-day <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-sultz_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sultz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> the Catawba supported the American colonists against the British. Decimated by colonial <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemics">epidemics</a>, warfare and cultural disruption, the Catawba declined markedly in number in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some Catawba continued to live in their homelands in South Carolina, while others joined the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw" title="Choctaw">Choctaw</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>, at least temporarily. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indian_termination_policy" title="Indian termination policy">Terminated</a> as a tribe by the federal government in 1959, the Catawba Indian Nation had to reorganize to reassert their sovereignty and treaty rights. In 1973 they established their tribal enrollment and began the process of regaining federal recognition. In 1993 they regained federal recognition and won a $50 million <a href="/wiki/Indian_land_claims" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian land claims">Indian land claims</a> settlement by the federal government and state of South Carolina. The state of South Carolina also recognized the tribe in 1993. Their headquarters are at <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill, South Carolina</a>. </p><p>As of 2006<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the population of the Catawba Nation has increased to about 2,600, most in South Carolina.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Catawba_language" title="Catawba language">Catawba language</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Siouan" class="mw-redirect" title="Siouan">Siouan</a> family (<a href="/wiki/Catawban_languages" title="Catawban languages">Catawban branch</a>), is being revived.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catawba have also been known as <i>Esaw</i>, or <i>Issa</i> (Catawba <i>iswä</i>, "river"), named after their territory along the principal waterway of the region. Historically, <i>Iswa</i>, today the river is commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Catawba_River" title="Catawba River">Catawba River</a> from its headwaters in North Carolina and into South Carolina before continuing as the <a href="/wiki/Wateree_River" title="Wateree River">Wateree River</a> in Fairfield county, South Carolina. The nations of the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> frequently referred to the Catawba under the general term <i>Totiri</i>, or <i>Toderichroone</i>, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Tutelo" title="Tutelo">Tutelo</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People have lived in the area since the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleoindian period</a> (~10,000 B.C.). Pottery along the Catawba river corridor have been found that date to the <a href="/wiki/Woodland_period" title="Woodland period">Woodland period</a>. The Catawba were the people who inhabited the area when Europeans first began to settle.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg/220px-Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg/330px-Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg/440px-Indians_NW_of_South_Carolina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1770" data-file-height="1217" /></a><figcaption>A <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1724</span> annotated copy of a <a href="/wiki/Deerskin" class="mw-redirect" title="Deerskin">deerskin</a> Catawba map of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Southeastern_Woodlands" title="Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands">tribes</a> between <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston</a> (<i>left</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Virginia">Virginia</a> (<i>right</i>) following the displacements of a century of <a href="/wiki/Population_history_of_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Depopulation_from_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas">disease</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_among_the_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas">enslavement</a> and the 1715–17 <a href="/wiki/Yamasee_War" title="Yamasee War">Yamasee War</a>. The Catawba are labelled as "Nasaw".</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 19th century, the ethnographer <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rowe_Schoolcraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Rowe Schoolcraft">Henry Rowe Schoolcraft</a> theorized that the Catawba had lived in Canada until driven out by the Iroquois (supposedly with French help) and that they had migrated to Kentucky and to <a href="/wiki/Botetourt_County,_Virginia" title="Botetourt County, Virginia">Botetourt County, Virginia</a>. He asserted that by 1660 they had migrated south to the <a href="/wiki/Catawba_River" title="Catawba River">Catawba River</a>, competing in this territory with the <a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a>, a Southern Iroquoian language–speaking tribe who were based west of the <a href="/wiki/French_Broad_River" title="French Broad River">French Broad River</a> in southwestern North Carolina, southeastern Tennessee, northwestern South Carolina, and northeastern Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, early 20th-century anthropologist <a href="/wiki/James_Mooney" title="James Mooney">James Mooney</a> later dismissed most elements of Schoolcraft's account as "absurd, the invention and surmise of the would-be historian who records the tradition." He pointed out that, aside from the French never having been known to help the Iroquois, the Catawba had been recorded by 1567 by the Spanish expedition under <a href="/wiki/Juan_Pardo_(explorer)" title="Juan Pardo (explorer)">Juan Pardo</a> as being in the same area of the Catawba River as was known to be their later territory. Mooney accepted the tradition that, following a protracted struggle, the Catawba and Cherokee had settled on the <a href="/wiki/Broad_River_(Carolinas)" title="Broad River (Carolinas)">Broad River</a> their mutual boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catawba also had armed confrontations with several northern tribes, particularly the <a href="/wiki/Haudenosaunee" class="mw-redirect" title="Haudenosaunee">Haudenosaunee</a> <a href="/wiki/Seneca_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca nation">Seneca nation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a>-speaking <a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a>, with whom they competed for hunting resources and territory. The Catawba chased Lenape raiding parties back to the north in the 1720s and 1730s, going across the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>. At one point, a party of Catawba is said to have followed a party of Lenape who attacked them, and to have overtaken them near <a href="/wiki/Leesburg,_Virginia" title="Leesburg, Virginia">Leesburg, Virginia</a>. There they fought a pitched battle.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar encounters in these longstanding conflicts were reported to have occurred at present-day <a href="/wiki/Franklin,_West_Virginia" title="Franklin, West Virginia">Franklin, West Virginia</a> (1725),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hanging_Rocks" title="Hanging Rocks">Hanging Rocks</a> and the mouth of the Potomac South Branch in West Virginia, and near the mouths of <a href="/wiki/Antietam_Creek" title="Antietam Creek">Antietam Creek</a> (1736) and <a href="/wiki/Conococheague_Creek" title="Conococheague Creek">Conococheague Creek</a> in Maryland.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mooney asserted that the name of Catawba Creek in Botetourt came from an encounter in these battles with the northern tribes, not from the Catawba having lived there.<sup id="cite_ref-mooney_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mooney-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1721 the colonial governments of Virginia and New York held a council at <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany, New York</a>, attended by delegates from the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Six Nations</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Haudenosaunee" class="mw-redirect" title="Haudenosaunee">Haudenosaunee</a></i>) and the Catawba. The colonists asked for peace between the Confederacy and the Catawba. The Six Nations reserved the land west of the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Ridge mountains">Blue Ridge mountains</a> for themselves, including the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Road">Indian Road</a> or Great Warriors' Path (later called the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wagon_Road" title="Great Wagon Road">Great Wagon Road</a>) through the Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia backcountry. This path was frequently traveled and was used until 1744 by Seneca war parties to pass through the <a href="/wiki/Shenandoah_Valley" title="Shenandoah Valley">Shenandoah Valley</a> to raid in the South.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1738, a <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a> broke out in South Carolina. <a href="/wiki/Endemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic">Endemic</a> for centuries among Europeans, the infectious disease had been carried by them to North America, where it caused many deaths. The Catawba and other tribes, such as the Sissipahaw, suffered high mortality in these epidemics. In 1759, a smallpox epidemic killed nearly half the Catawba.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1744 the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Lancaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Lancaster">Treaty of Lancaster</a>, made at <a href="/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania" title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania">Lancaster, Pennsylvania</a>, renewed the <a href="/wiki/Covenant_Chain" title="Covenant Chain">Covenant Chain</a> between the Iroquois and the colonists. The governments had not been able to prevent settlers going into Iroquois territory, but the governor of Virginia offered the tribe payment for their land claim. The peace was probably final for the Iroquois, who had established the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley">Ohio Valley</a> as their preferred hunting ground by right of conquest and pushed other tribes out of it. </p><p>Tribes located to the west continued warfare against the Catawba, who were so reduced that they could raise little resistance. In 1763, a small party of <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian</a> <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> killed the noted Catawba chief, <a href="/wiki/King_Hagler" title="King Hagler">King Hagler</a>, near his own village.<sup id="cite_ref-Blumer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blumer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1763, the colonial government of South Carolina confirmed a reservation for the Catawba of 225 square miles (580 km<sup>2</sup>; 144,000 acres), on both sides of the Catawba River, within the present <a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina">York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lancaster_County,_South_Carolina" title="Lancaster County, South Carolina">Lancaster</a> counties. When British troops approached during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> in 1780, the Catawba withdrew temporarily into Virginia. They returned after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House" title="Battle of Guilford Court House">Battle of Guilford Court House</a>, and settled in two villages on the reservation. These were known as Newton, the principal village, and Turkey Head, on the opposite side of the Catawba/Wateree River.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1826, the Catawba leased nearly half their reservation to whites for a few thousand dollars of annuity; their dwindling number of members (as few as 110 by an 1896 estimate)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depended on this money for survival. </p><p>In 1840, by the Treaty of Nation Ford with South Carolina, the Catawba sold to the state all but one square mile (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>) of their 144,000 acres (225 sq mi; 580 km<sup>2</sup>) reserved by the English Crown. They resided on the remaining square mile after the treaty. The treaty was invalid <i>ab initio</i> because the state did not have the right to make it, which was reserved for the federal government, and never gained Senate ratification. and did not get federal approval.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About the same time, a number of the Catawba, dissatisfied with their condition among the whites, removed to join the remaining eastern Cherokee, who were based in far <a href="/wiki/Western_North_Carolina" title="Western North Carolina">Western North Carolina</a>. But, finding their position among their former enemies equally unpleasant, all but one or two soon returned to South Carolina. The last survivor of the westward migration, an elderly Catawba woman, died among the Cherokee in 1889. A few Cherokee intermarried with the Catawba in the region. </p><p>At a later period some Catawba removed to the <a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation_of_Oklahoma" title="Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma">Choctaw Nation</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a> and settled near present-day <a href="/wiki/Scullyville,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Scullyville, Oklahoma">Scullyville, Oklahoma</a>. They assimilated with the Choctaw and did not retain separate tribal identity. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catawba_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Catawba_1913.jpg/220px-Catawba_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Catawba_1913.jpg/330px-Catawba_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Catawba_1913.jpg/440px-Catawba_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="994" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Catawba at The Corn Exposition 1913, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill, South Carolina</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Catawba <a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">fought for the Confederacy in the Civil War</a>. Nineteen men enlisted with the Confederate Army and saw combat across Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-LH-Book_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LH-Book-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_culture_and_estimated_populations">Historical culture and estimated populations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical culture and estimated populations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Catawba are historically sedentary agriculturists, who have also fished and hunted for game. Their customs have been, and are, similar to neighboring Native Americans in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(United_States)" title="Piedmont (United States)">Piedmont</a> region. Traditional game has included deer, crops grown have included corn, and the women in particular are noted makers of pottery and baskets, arts which they still preserve. They are believed to have the oldest surviving tradition of pottery East of the Mississippi, and possibly the oldest (or one of the oldest) on the American continent.<sup id="cite_ref-sultz_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sultz-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Spanish explorers of the mid-16th century estimated the population of the Catawba as between 15,000 and 25,000 people. When the English first settled South Carolina about 1682, they estimated the Catawba at about 1,500 warriors, or about 4,600 people in total. Their decline was attributed to the mortality of infectious diseases. The English named the Catawba River and Catawba County after this indigenous people. By 1728, the Catawba had been reduced to about 400 warriors, or about 1400 persons in total. In 1738, they suffered from a <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a>, which also affected nearby tribes and the whites. In 1743, even after incorporating several small tribes, the Catawba numbered fewer than 400 warriors. In 1759, they again suffered from smallpox, and in 1761, had some 300 warriors, or about 1,000 people. By 1775 they had only 400 people in total; in 1780, they had 490; and, in 1784, only 250 were reported.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During the nineteenth century, their numbers continued to decline, to 450 in 1822, and a total of 110 people in 1826. As of 2006, their population had increased to about 2600.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religion_and_culture">Religion and culture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Religion and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catawba_potter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Catawba_potter.jpg/220px-Catawba_potter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Catawba_potter.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>The Catawba women are well known in the Carolinas for their <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The customs and beliefs of the early Catawba were documented by the anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Frank_Speck" title="Frank Speck">Frank Speck</a> in the twentieth century. In the Carolinas, the Catawba became well known for their <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a>, which historically was made primarily by the women. Since the late 20th century, some men also make pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In approximately 1883, tribal members were contacted by <a href="/wiki/Mormon_missionaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon missionaries">missionaries</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>. Numerous Catawba were converted to the church. Some left the Southeast to resettle with clusters of Mormons in Utah, Colorado, and neighboring western states.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catawba on their reserve in South Carolina hold a yearly celebration called <i>Yap Ye Iswa</i>, which roughly translates to "Day of the People," or Day of the River People. Held at the Catawba Cultural Center, proceeds are used to fund the activities of the center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century_to_present">20th century to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catawba-Family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Catawba-Family.jpg/220px-Catawba-Family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Catawba-Family.jpg/330px-Catawba-Family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Catawba-Family.jpg/440px-Catawba-Family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A Catawba family in 1908 South Carolina.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Catawba were electing their chief prior to the start of the 20th century. In 1909 the Catawba sent a petition to the United States government seeking to be given United States citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>'s administration, the federal government worked to improve conditions for Native Americans. Under the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reorganization_Act_of_1934" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reorganization Act of 1934">Indian Reorganization Act of 1934</a>, tribes were encouraged to renew their governments to exercise more self-determination. The Catawba were not at that time a recognized Native American tribe as they had lost their land and did not have a reservation. In 1929 <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Blue" title="Samuel Taylor Blue">Samuel Taylor Blue</a>, chief of the Catawba, had begun the process to gain federal recognition. </p><p>The Catawba were federally recognized as a Native American tribe in 1941, and they created a written constitution in 1944. Also in 1944 South Carolina granted the Catawba and other Native American residents of the state citizenship, but did not grant them the franchise, or right to vote. Like African Americans since the turn of the 20th century, the Native Americans were largely excluded from the franchise by discriminatory rules and practices associated with voter registration. They were prevented from voting until the late 1960s, after the federal <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a> was passed. It provided for federal oversight and enforcement of people's constitutional right to vote. </p><p>In the 1950s, the federal government began to press what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_termination_policy" title="Indian termination policy">Indian termination policy</a>, based on its perception that some tribes were assimilated enough not to need a special relationship with the government. It terminated the government of the Catawba in 1959. This cut off federal benefits, and communal property was allocated to individual households. The people became subject to state law. The Catawba decided that they preferred to be organized as a tribal community. Beginning in 1973, they applied to have their government federally recognized. <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Blue" title="Gilbert Blue">Gilbert Blue</a> served as their chief until 2007. They adopted a constitution in 1975 that was modeled on their 1944 version. </p><p>In addition, for decades the Catawba pursued various land claims against the government for the losses due to the illegal treaty made by South Carolina in 1840 and the failure of the federal government to protect their interests. This culminated in <i><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_v._Catawba_Indian_Tribe,_Inc." title="South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.">South Carolina v. Catawba Indian Tribe, Inc.</a></i>, where the United States Supreme Court ruled that the tribe's land claims were subject to a <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_limitations" title="Statute of limitations">statute of limitations</a> which had not yet run out. In response, the Catawba prepared to file 60,000 lawsuits against individual landowners in York County to regain ownership of their land.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 27, 1993, the U.S. Congress enacted the Catawba Indian Tribe of South Carolina Land Claims Settlement Act of 1993 (Settlement Act), which reversed the "termination", recognized the Catawba Indian Nation and, together with the state of South Carolina, settled the land claims for $50 million, to be applied toward economic development for the Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 21, 2007, the Catawba held their first elections in more than 30 years. Of the five members of the former government, only two were reelected.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2010 census, 3,370 people identified as having Catawba ancestry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catawba_Indian_Nation_Land_Trust">Catawba Indian Nation Land Trust</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Catawba Indian Nation Land Trust"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Catawba Reservation</b> (<span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Catawba_people&params=34_54_17_N_80_53_01_W_scale:50000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°54′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°53′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.90472°N 80.88361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.90472; -80.88361</span></span></span></a></span></span>) is located in two disjointed sections in <a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina">York County, South Carolina</a>, east of Rock Hill. Covering a total of 1,012 acres (410 ha), it reported a 2010 census population of 841 inhabitants. It also has a congressionally established service area in North Carolina, covering <a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina" title="Mecklenburg County, North Carolina">Mecklenburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabarrus_County,_North_Carolina" title="Cabarrus County, North Carolina">Cabarrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaston_County,_North_Carolina" title="Gaston County, North Carolina">Gaston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_County,_North_Carolina" title="Union County, North Carolina">Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="Cleveland County, North Carolina">Cleveland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_County,_North_Carolina" title="Rutherford County, North Carolina">Rutherford</a> counties. The Catawba also own a 16.57-acre (6.71 ha) <a href="/wiki/Off-reservation_trust_land" title="Off-reservation trust land">site</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kings_Mountain,_North_Carolina" title="Kings Mountain, North Carolina">Kings Mountain, North Carolina</a>, which they will develop for a gaming casino and mixed-use entertainment complex.<sup id="cite_ref-CIN-IA_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIN-IA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today the Catawba earn most of their revenue from Federal/State funds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaming_relations_with_South_Carolina">Gaming relations with South Carolina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Gaming relations with South Carolina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the terms of the 1993 Settlement Act, the Catawba waived its right to be governed by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Gaming_Regulatory_Act" title="Indian Gaming Regulatory Act">Indian Gaming Regulatory Act</a>. Instead, the Catawba agreed to be governed by the terms of the Settlement Agreement and the State Act as pertains to games of chance; which at the time allowed for <a href="/wiki/Video_poker" title="Video poker">video poker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bingo_(American_version)" title="Bingo (American version)">bingo</a>. In 1996, the Catawba formed a joint venture partnership with D.T. Collier of SPM Resorts, Inc. of <a href="/wiki/Myrtle_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrtle Beach">Myrtle Beach</a>, to manage their bingo and casino operations. That partnership, New River Management and Development Company, LLC (of which the Catawba were the majority owner) operated the Catawba's <a href="/wiki/Bingo_parlor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bingo parlor">bingo parlor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill</a>. In 1999, the South Carolina General Assembly passed a statewide ban on the possession and operation of video poker devices. </p><p>When in 2004 the Catawba entered into an exclusive management contract with SPM Resorts, Inc., to manage all new bingo facilities, some tribal members were critical. The new contract was signed by the former governing body immediately prior to new elections. In addition, the contract was never brought before the General Council (the full tribal membership) as required by their existing constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the state established the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Education_Lottery" title="South Carolina Education Lottery">South Carolina Education Lottery</a> in 2002, the tribe lost gambling revenue and decided to shut down the Rock Hill bingo operation. They sold the facility in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, the bingo parlor, located at the former Rock Hill Mall on Cherry Road, was closed. The Catawba filed suit against the state of South Carolina for the right to operate video poker and similar "electronic play" devices on their reservation. They prevailed in the lower courts, but the state appealed the ruling to the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Supreme_Court" title="South Carolina Supreme Court">South Carolina Supreme Court</a>. The state Supreme Court overturned the lower court ruling. The tribe appealed that ruling to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a>, but in 2007 the court declined to hear the appeal, leaving the state supreme court in place.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the Supreme Court of South Carolina ruled similarly against the tribe in regards of the state's <a href="/wiki/Gambling_ship" title="Gambling ship">Gambling Cruise</a> Act.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, the Catawba made a second attempt to operate a bingo parlor, opening one at what was formerly a <a href="/wiki/BI-LO_(United_States)" title="BI-LO (United States)">BI-LO</a>, on Cherry Road in Rock Hill. It closed in 2017, unable to turn a profit.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaming_relations_with_North_Carolina">Gaming relations with North Carolina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gaming relations with North Carolina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On September 9, 2013, the Catawba announced plans to build a $600 million casino along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_85_in_North_Carolina" title="Interstate 85 in North Carolina">Interstate 85</a> in Kings Mountain, North Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cleveland County officials quickly endorsed the plans. But Governor <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCrory" title="Pat McCrory">Pat McCrory</a>, over 100 <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_General_Assembly" title="North Carolina General Assembly">North Carolina General Assembly</a> members and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians</a> (EBCI) opposed it.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catawba submitted the required acquisition application to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> (DOI) in August 2013, seeking to have the US place this property of 16.57-acre (6.71 ha) in trust, but their application was denied in March 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September, the Catawba submitted a new application under the discretionary process; they also pursued a Congressional route. Senate bill 790, introduced by South Carolina Senator <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a>, with support of North Carolina senators <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burr" title="Richard Burr">Richard Burr</a>, would have authorized the DOI to take the land into trust for gaming, but the bill died in committee.<sup id="cite_ref-NSJ_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSJ-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 13, 2020, the DOI announced its decision to approve the 2018 discretionary application and place the land in North Carolina in trust.<sup id="cite_ref-CIN-IA_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIN-IA-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 17, the EBCI filed a federal suit challenging the DOI decision in the U.S. District Court in the District of Columbia. AS is customary, the suit names the DOI, the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, Secretary <a href="/wiki/David_Bernhardt" title="David Bernhardt">David Bernhardt</a>, and several other department officials. In addition, the Catawba filed a motion to intervene to join the defendants. The <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma</a> filed a motion to support the EBCI; both motions were approved. </p><p>In May 2020, the EBCI filed an amended complaint in its federal lawsuit, saying that the DOI's approval of the trust land resulted from a scheme by casino developer Wallace Cheves. He was said to have persuaded the Catawba to lend their name to the scheme, and had a history of criminal and civil enforcement actions against him and his companies for illegal gambling. It said that the DOI disregarded early consultation with the EBCI and skipped an <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Impact_Assessment" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Impact Assessment">Environmental Impact Assessment</a>. The Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma also filed an amended complaint, seeking to protect cultural artifacts on their ancestral land where the casino is planned.<sup id="cite_ref-NSJ_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NSJ-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 2021, Governor <a href="/wiki/Roy_Cooper" title="Roy Cooper">Roy Cooper</a> signed a revenue-sharing compact with the Catawba Nation, which allows for <a href="/wiki/Tribal-state_compacts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal-state compacts">Class III</a> gaming and wagering on sports and horse racing; the compact is similar to the one signed between the state and the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians#Gaming_relations_with_North_Carolina" title="Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians">EBCI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 19, a letter from Darryl LaCounte, Acting Director of the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a>, notified the Catawba Nation and Governor Roy Cooper that the agency has signed off on the agreement; it stated that the pact complies with the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Gaming_Regulatory_Act" title="Indian Gaming Regulatory Act">Indian Gaming Regulatory Act</a> and other provisions of federal law.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On April 16, the Catawba Nation received a victory in federal court, as U.S. District Judge <a href="/wiki/James_E._Boasberg" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Boasberg">James Boasberg</a> found no basis for the Cherokees' claims in the lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catawba_Two_Kings_Casino" title="Catawba Two Kings Casino">Catawba Two Kings Casino</a> opened on July 1, 2021, with a temporary modular facility containing 500 slot machines in Kings Mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheraw" title="Cheraw">Cheraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moneton" title="Moneton">Moneton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosopelea" title="Mosopelea">Mosopelea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occaneechi" title="Occaneechi">Occaneechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saponi" title="Saponi">Saponi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewee" title="Sewee">Sewee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutelo" title="Tutelo">Tutelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waccamaw" title="Waccamaw">Waccamaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Ford_Fish_Weir" title="Nation Ford Fish Weir">Nation Ford Fish Weir</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2010_census-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010_census_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209093630/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2010/cph-t/t-6tables/TABLE%20%281%29.pdf">"2010 Census CPH-T-6. 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The Free Press. pp. 87–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780029141809" title="Special:BookSources/9780029141809"><bdi>9780029141809</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Infantrymen+in+the+Army+of+Northern+Virginia%2C+The+Catawba&rft.btitle=Between+Two+Fires%3A+American+Indians+in+the+Civil+War&rft.pages=87-102&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780029141809&rft.aulast=Hauptman&rft.aufirst=Laurence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbetweentwofiresa00haup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumer2004" class="citation book cs1">Blumer, Thomas John (January 6, 2004). 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July 1, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Temporary+Catawba+Casino+Opens+in+North+Carolina&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fbest-states%2Fnorth-carolina%2Farticles%2F2021-07-01%2Ftemporary-catawba-casino-opens-in-north-carolina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also_2">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catawba_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Catawba in the American Civil War">Catawba in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_New_River" title="General New River">General New River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Hagler" title="King Hagler">King Hagler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Yanabe_Yalangway" title="King Yanabe Yalangway">King Yanabe Yalangway</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeck2013" class="citation book cs1">Beck, Robin (2013). <i>Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9781139135429">10.1017/CBO9781139135429</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-13542-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-13542-9"><bdi>978-1-139-13542-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chiefdoms%2C+Collapse%2C+and+Coalescence+in+the+Early+American+South&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139135429&rft.isbn=978-1-139-13542-9&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1983" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Douglas S. (1983) [1966]. <i>The Catawba Indians: People of the River</i>. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780872491014" title="Special:BookSources/9780872491014"><bdi>9780872491014</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catawba+Indians%3A+People+of+the+River&rft.place=Columbia%2C+SC&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780872491014&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Douglas+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie2000" class="citation journal cs1">Christie, John C. Jr. (2000). "The Catawba Indian Land Claim: A Giant among Indian Land Claims". <i>American Indian Culture and Research Journal</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 173–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17953%2Faicr.24.1.w55742852146u137">10.17953/aicr.24.1.w55742852146u137</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Indian+Culture+and+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Catawba+Indian+Land+Claim%3A+A+Giant+among+Indian+Land+Claims&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=173-182&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17953%2Faicr.24.1.w55742852146u137&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=John+C.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrye2005" class="citation web cs1">Drye, Willie (November 14, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051124031943/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/11/1114_051114_catawba.html">"Excavated Village Unlocks Mystery of Tribe's Economy"</a>. <i>National Geographic News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/11/1114_051114_catawba.html">the original</a> on November 24, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Excavated+Village+Unlocks+Mystery+of+Tribe%27s+Economy&rft.date=2005-11-14&rft.aulast=Drye&rft.aufirst=Willie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2005%2F11%2F1114_051114_catawba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1970" class="citation book cs1">Hudson, Charles M. (1970). <i>The Catawba Nation</i>. University of Georgia Monograph. Vol. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0820302554" title="Special:BookSources/0820302554"><bdi>0820302554</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catawba+Nation&rft.series=University+of+Georgia+Monograph&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0820302554&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrell1989" class="citation book cs1">Merrell, J. H. (1989). <i>The Indians' New World: Catawbas and Their Neighbors from European Contact Through the Era of Removal</i>. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indians%27+New+World%3A+Catawbas+and+Their+Neighbors+from+European+Contact+Through+the+Era+of+Removal&rft.place=Chapel+Hill%2C+NC&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Merrell&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeck1939" class="citation journal cs1">Speck, Frank G. (1939). "Catawba Religious Beliefs, Mortuary Customs, and Dances". <i>Primitive Man</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 21–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3316471">10.2307/3316471</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3316471">3316471</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Primitive+Man&rft.atitle=Catawba+Religious+Beliefs%2C+Mortuary+Customs%2C+and+Dances&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=21-57&rft.date=1939&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3316471&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3316471%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Speck&rft.aufirst=Frank+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeck1934" class="citation book cs1">Speck, Frank G. (1934). <i>Catawba Texts</i>. New York: Columbia University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catawba+Texts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1934&rft.aulast=Speck&rft.aufirst=Frank+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeck1913" class="citation journal cs1">Speck, Frank G. (1913). "Some Catawba Texts and Folk-lore". <i>Journal of American Folklore</i>. <b>26</b> (102): 319–330. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F534395">10.2307/534395</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/534395">534395</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+American+Folklore&rft.atitle=Some+Catawba+Texts+and+Folk-lore&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=102&rft.pages=319-330&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F534395&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F534395%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Speck&rft.aufirst=Frank+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatawba+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catawba" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Catawba">Catawba</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Catawbas" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Catawbas">Catawbas</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catawbaindian.net/">Catawba Indian Nation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccppcrafts.com">The Catawba Cultural Preservation Project</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217123607/http://www.ccppcrafts.com/student.html">A Brief History of the Catawba Peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040627174108/http://www.goodbyemag.com/jan/catawba.htm">Information on Catawba</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990902122244/http://meyna.com/catawba.html">Looking Back – The Catawba</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hiltonpond.org/CatawbaIndiansMain.html">The Catawba Indians: "People of the River"</a>, Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:York_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template:York County, South Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:York_County,_South_Carolina" title="Template talk:York County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:York_County,_South_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:York County, South Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_York_County,_South_Carolina,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/York_County,_South_Carolina" title="York County, South Carolina"><span class="region">York County, South Carolina</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/York,_South_Carolina" title="York, South Carolina"><span>York</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Rock Hill, South Carolina">Rock Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tega_Cay,_South_Carolina" title="Tega Cay, South Carolina">Tega Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_South_Carolina" title="York, South Carolina">York</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Map of South Carolina highlighting York County"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg/180px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg/270px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg/360px-Map_of_South_Carolina_highlighting_York_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1174" /></span><figcaption>Map of South Carolina highlighting York County</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clover,_South_Carolina" title="Clover, South Carolina">Clover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Mill,_South_Carolina" title="Fort Mill, South Carolina">Fort Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory_Grove,_South_Carolina" title="Hickory Grove, South Carolina">Hickory Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McConnells,_South_Carolina" title="McConnells, South Carolina">McConnells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon,_South_Carolina" title="Sharon, South Carolina">Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smyrna,_South_Carolina" title="Smyrna, South Carolina">Smyrna</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Village,_South_Carolina" title="Baxter Village, South Carolina">Baxter Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catawba,_South_Carolina" title="Catawba, South Carolina">Catawba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Hook,_South_Carolina" title="India Hook, South Carolina">India Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wylie,_South_Carolina" title="Lake Wylie, South Carolina">Lake Wylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesslie,_South_Carolina" title="Lesslie, South Carolina">Lesslie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_South_Carolina" title="Newport, South Carolina">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverview,_South_Carolina" title="Riverview, South Carolina">Riverview</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany,_South_Carolina" title="Bethany, South Carolina">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel,_South_Carolina" title="Bethel, South Carolina">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairsville,_South_Carolina" title="Blairsville, South Carolina">Blairsville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_South_Carolina" title="Bowling Green, South Carolina">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullock_Creek,_South_Carolina" title="Bullock Creek, South Carolina">Bullock Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filbert,_South_Carolina" title="Filbert, South Carolina">Filbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Islamville,_South_Carolina" title="Holy Islamville, South Carolina">Holy Islamville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopewell,_York_County,_South_Carolina" title="Hopewell, York County, South Carolina">Hopewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden,_South_Carolina" title="Ogden, South Carolina">Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River,_South_Carolina" title="Red River, South Carolina">Red River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith,_South_Carolina" title="Smith, South Carolina">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirzah,_South_Carolina" title="Tirzah, South Carolina">Tirzah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catawba Reservation</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Carolina_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:South Carolina (state)"><span>South Carolina portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina,_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="Template:Cleveland County, North Carolina"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="Template talk:Cleveland County, North Carolina"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cleveland County, North Carolina"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_County,_North_Carolina" title="Cleveland County, North Carolina"><span class="region">Cleveland County, North Carolina</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span>County seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Shelby,_North_Carolina" title="Shelby, North Carolina"><span>Shelby</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Mountain,_North_Carolina" title="Kings Mountain, North Carolina">Kings Mountain</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby,_North_Carolina" title="Shelby, North Carolina">Shelby</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG/180px-North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG" decoding="async" width="180" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG/270px-North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG/360px-North_Carolina_Map_Highlighting_Cleveland_County.PNG 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="201" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belwood,_North_Carolina" title="Belwood, North Carolina">Belwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_Springs,_North_Carolina" title="Boiling Springs, North Carolina">Boiling Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casar,_North_Carolina" title="Casar, North Carolina">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl,_North_Carolina" title="Earl, North Carolina">Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallston,_North_Carolina" title="Fallston, North Carolina">Fallston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover,_North_Carolina" title="Grover, North Carolina">Grover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstown,_North_Carolina" title="Kingstown, North Carolina">Kingstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattimore,_North_Carolina" title="Lattimore, North Carolina">Lattimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawndale,_North_Carolina" title="Lawndale, North Carolina">Lawndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mooresboro,_North_Carolina" title="Mooresboro, North Carolina">Mooresboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_Springs,_North_Carolina" title="Patterson Springs, North Carolina">Patterson Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polkville,_North_Carolina" title="Polkville, North Carolina">Polkville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco,_North_Carolina" title="Waco, North Carolina">Waco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_Oak,_North_Carolina" title="Light Oak, North Carolina">Light Oak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toluca,_North_Carolina" title="Toluca, North Carolina">Toluca</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Catawba Reservation</a>‡</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Carolina_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:North Carolina (state)"><span>North Carolina portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Catawba_people&params=34_54_17_N_80_53_01_W_scale:50000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°54′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">80°53′01″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.90472°N 80.88361°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">34.90472; -80.88361</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55290#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55290#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55290#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146873794">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJyGVFMVxTcqd7GgMYFqcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020961">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no94034799">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007284856005171">Israel</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007533302805171">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&oldid=1249617965">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catawba_people&oldid=1249617965</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catawba_people" title="Category:Catawba people">Catawba people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catawba" title="Category:Catawba">Catawba</a></li><li><a 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