CINXE.COM
En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php - Wikisource, the free online library
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php - Wikisource, the free online library</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikisourcemwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"a7521dc8-3a3e-4fe6-b70a-6a55257a28d3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php","wgTitle":"En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php","wgCurRevisionId":0,"wgRevisionId":0,"wgArticleId":0,"wgIsArticle" :true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php","wgRelevantArticleId":0,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionCreate":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikisource","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":0,"prpProofreadPageBookNamespaces":[0,0,114], "wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":true,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":false},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Site-styles":"ready","ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local-pagestyles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.proofreadpage.base":"ready","ext.proofreadpage.article":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready", "skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","skins.minerva.amc.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.Easy_LST","ext.gadget.Fill_Index","ext.gadget.IndexFormTools","ext.gadget.Site","ext.gadget.PageNumbers","ext.gadget.MobileSite","ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local","ext.gadget.PurgeTab","ext.gadget.interwiki-transclusion","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.checkUser.clientHints"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.proofreadpage.article%2Cbase%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.amc.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.MoreMenu-local-pagestyles%2CSite-styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php - Wikisource, the free online library"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit" href="/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=edit"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikisource.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikisource (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikisource.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-En_m_wikisource_org_w_index_php rootpage-En_m_wikisource_org stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="/wiki/Main_Page" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Home</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="/wiki/Special:Random" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=En.m.wikisource.org%2Fw%2Findex.php" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=En.m.wikisource.org%2Fw%2Findex.php" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikisource.org&uselang=en&utm_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikisource:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikisource</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikisource:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikisource-wordmark.svg" alt="Wikisource" width="120" height="17" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.0625em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikisource" aria-label="Search Wikisource" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikisource [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Page</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab new"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Discussion</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector disabled"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=En.m.wikisource.org%2Fw%2Findex.php" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-create" href="/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Create</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="noarticletext mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr" lang="en"> <div class="plainlinks" style="border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 0ex 1ex 1ex 1ex; background-color: #fff; color: #000;"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wikisource_does_not_have_a_text_with_this_exact_name">Wikisource does not have a text with this exact name</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Did_you_follow_a_link_from_a_different_website?"><span id="Did_you_follow_a_link_from_a_different_website.3F"></span>Did you follow a link from a different website?</h3></div> <p>Sometimes, it is necessary to change page names. As a result, links from external sites leading here can become broken. Luckily, there is a <i>permalink</i> feature to avoid this. On all regular pages, there is a link titled <b>Permanent link</b> in the toolbox on the left. If you came from an external site, please notify the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/webmaster" class="extiw" title="w:webmaster">webmaster</a> of that site and ask them to use permalinks in the future. Not only does the link remain intact, but the page content remains at precisely the version when the link was added. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Searching">Searching</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search/En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php" title="Special:Search/En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php">Search for "En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php"</a> in other texts.</li> <li>If the text you are looking for is not English, see its corresponding <a href="https://wikisource.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="oldwikisource:Main Page">language Wikisource</a>.</li> <li>If the text is not a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/source_text" class="extiw" title="w:source text">source text</a>, check one of the <a href="/wiki/Template:Sisterprojects" title="Template:Sisterprojects">other Foundation wikis</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Was_the_text_deleted?"><span id="Was_the_text_deleted.3F"></span>Was the text deleted?</h3></div> <p>Occasionally, texts have to be deleted. This usually happens because they infringe <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/copyright" class="extiw" title="w:copyright">copyright</a>, or violate our <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:WWI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource:WWI">inclusion guidelines</a>. Check the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php">deletion log</a> for deleted pages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="You_can_contribute_this_text!"><span id="You_can_contribute_this_text.21"></span>You can contribute this text!</h3></div> <ul><li>Please read <a href="/wiki/Help:Adding_texts" title="Help:Adding texts">Help:Adding texts</a> and our <a href="/wiki/Wikisource:WWI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource:WWI">inclusion guidelines</a>, then <b><span id="noarticletext_edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=edit">add <i>En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php</i> to Wikisource</a></span></b>.</li> <li>If you recently added this text, try <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&action=purge">purging the server cache</a>.</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="plainlinks" style="font-size: 83%; text-align: right;">If this error message wasn't helpful for you, you can <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki_talk:Noarticletext&action=edit&section=new">suggest an improvement.</a></div> </div> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"></ul> <p>This page is not available in other languages.</p> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikisource-wordmark.svg" alt="Wikisource" width="120" height="17" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.0625em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:About">About Wikisource</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikisource.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="//en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=En.m.wikisource.org/w/index.php&mobileaction=toggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <!-- v:8.3.1 --> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-24l65","wgBackendResponseTime":109,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.009","walltime":"0.011","ppvisitednodes":{"value":55,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4115,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 0.000 1 -total"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-24l65","timestamp":"20241123103120","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> </body> </html>