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Notamment en raison de son savoir-faire légendaire.","description":"La maison Jaeger-LeCoultre fait partie des marques horlogères que les Français ont particulièrement en affection. Notamment en raison de son savoir-faire légendaire.","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/BGLTVBTJANFBFH7XGCSCIX4JUM.jpg?auth=95865610748fdbe04770fa38d37e41d5271b4ea6f662af4914b029a358eac1c0&width=1200&height=630&quality=85&smart=true","width":"1200","height":"630"},"datePublished":"2020-04-20T20:13:55.000+02:00","dateCreated":"2020-04-20T20:13:55.000+02:00","keywords":["L'Express XII","2024","Marques","Horlogerie","Jaeger-lecoultre, inventeur de la reverso","Entre","Tradition","Modernité"],"articlebody":"La manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre ou, pour être chronologiquement plus juste, la maison LeCoultre, a été fondée par Antoine LeCoultre en 1833 au Sentier, petit village de la Vallée-de-Joux, une région très enclavée au coeur du Jura suisse. L'artisan, comme souvent à l'époque, est à la fois mécanicien et horloger : il construit les outils destinés à lui permettre de fabriquer des composants en petites séries. En 1844, il crée le \"millionomètre\", un instrument capable de mesurer avec précision le micron. Puis, l'entreprise familiale se spécialise dans la production de mouvements mécaniques de très grande qualité, avant de devenir une réelle manufacture en 1866 : elle rassemble alors sous son toit tous les savoir-faire permettant la réalisation d'un calibre de montre. En 1888, date charnière, la société emploie plus de 500 personnes. Les habitants du village du Sentier la nomme : \"la Grande Maison\". Entre 1860 et 1900, LeCoultre a conçu 350 calibres différents, dont beaucoup à complications. En 1903, l'héritier de la famille LeCoultre, en la personne de Jacques-David, relève le défi lancé par l'horloger de la Marine française Edmond Jaeger de fabriquer les mouvements extra-plats de sa conception. Naît alors entre les deux hommes une amitié indéfectible qui donne naissance à la société Jaeger-LeCoultre et à quelques icônes horlogères dont la très célèbre Reverso, lancée en 1931. Véritable phénomène de mode en France en particulier, l'histoire de la Reverso incarne une certaine idée de l'horlogerie de luxe. Son brevet a été déposé le 4 mars 1931 au ministère du commerce et de l'industrie par l'ingénieur René-Alfred Chauvot sous le numéro 712.868. L'intitulé stipulait qu'il s'agissait d'\"une montre susceptible de coulisser dans son support et pouvant se retourner complètement sur elle-même\". Grâce à ce petit plus, la Reverso au dessin tellement \"Art Déco\" s'est imposée durablement. On retiendra que cette référence, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui, est le résultat de multiples et subtiles évolutions. Longtemps absente des catalogues, elle est réapparue en 1979 à la demande des Italiens et a connu depuis un indéfectible succès. Elle a par exemple été modifiée et rendue étanche en 1985, agrandie une première fois en 1991 puis une seconde fois en 2002. Récemment encore, ses mensurations ont été révisées (48,5 x 30 mm) pour gagner en finesse. Mais la force de ce modèle, aujourd'hui disponible en version manuelle ou automatique, réside dans sa réversibilité. LIRE AUSSI >> Jaeger-LeCoultre Reverso: 85 ans de modernité Parmi les réussites de la marque, on compte aussi la très réputée montre réveil Memovox dont la Polaris, rééditée en série limitée en 2008, est l'extrapolation sportive, ou la nouvelle Geophysic (2015), ré-interprétation d'un modèle reconnu pour sa robustesse, lancé dans les années 1960. Véritable conservatoire avec ses quarante corps de métiers différents réunis sous le même toit, la manufacture du Sentier, rachetée par le Groupe Richemont en 2000, entretient la tradition sans se priver de viser le futur en proposant des montres d'exception comme la Gyrotourbillon ou en revisitant avec subtilité les modèles existants à travers des collections féminines, comme la Rendez-Vous ou des pièces de la ligne Duomètre, fortes de complications originales et utiles. 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news"><header class="article__header__wrapper margin-bottom-7 margin-bottom-md-5 "><nav class="article__nav-seo"><ul class="nav-seo__list"><li class="nav-seo__item nav-seo__grandparent"><a href="/styles/plaisirs/" title="Plaisirs"> Plaisirs </a></li><li class="nav-seo__item nav-seo__parent"><a title="L'Express XII" href="/styles/plaisirs/montre/">L'Express XII</a></li><li class="nav-seo__item nav-seo__dossier"><a href="/styles/plaisirs/montre/grandes-marques-d-horlogerie-et-de-montres_2096290.html">Marques</a></li></ul></nav><div class="article__header"><h1 class="article__title article__premium--icon">Jaeger-LeCoultre, entre tradition et modernité</h1><h2 class="article__lead chapo title_gamma"><span class="chapo__subhead ">Saga. </span><span>La maison Jaeger-LeCoultre fait partie des marques horlogères que les Français ont particulièrement en affection. 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L'artisan, comme souvent à l'époque, est à la fois mécanicien et horloger : il construit les outils destinés à lui permettre de fabriquer des composants en petites séries.</p><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg?auth=5b48118a8ce8d46ab7fddf25b6c193151cd892d7e3b90f072545751a42e4596d&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg?auth=5b48118a8ce8d46ab7fddf25b6c193151cd892d7e3b90f072545751a42e4596d&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="JLC" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Antoine LeCoultre. Le fondateur de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre.</p><p class="image-with-legend__credits"> ©  / Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre</p></figcaption></figure></div><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item "> En 1844, il crée le "millionomètre", un instrument capable de mesurer avec précision le micron. Puis, l'entreprise familiale se spécialise dans la production de mouvements mécaniques de très grande qualité, avant de devenir une réelle manufacture en 1866 : elle rassemble alors sous son toit tous les savoir-faire permettant la réalisation d'un calibre de montre. En 1888, date charnière, la société emploie plus de 500 personnes. Les habitants du village du Sentier la nomme : "la Grande Maison".</p><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg?auth=3e885a35874b8adda22ec085718559fd79616624b0a8eb60b83655cad4a24084&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg?auth=3e885a35874b8adda22ec085718559fd79616624b0a8eb60b83655cad4a24084&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="Jaeger-LeCoultre" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Les bâtiments de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre au Sentier, village inscrit au coeur de la Vallée de Joux, dans le Jura suisse.</p><p class="image-with-legend__credits"> ©  / - (c) Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre</p></figcaption></figure></div><h2 class="article-body-subheading ">Jaeger-LeCoultre, symbole d'une amitié</h2><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg?auth=d54ed5b822a518b69a6bbe7cf45065f112067df73cbccd9705ac0f0c7c88493a&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg?auth=d54ed5b822a518b69a6bbe7cf45065f112067df73cbccd9705ac0f0c7c88493a&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="JLC" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Photographie d'époque d'Edmond Jaeger, industriel dans le secteur et Horloger de la marine française.</p><p class="image-with-legend__credits"> ©  / Courtesy of JLC</p></figcaption></figure></div><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item ">Entre 1860 et 1900, LeCoultre a conçu 350 calibres différents, dont beaucoup à complications. En 1903, l'héritier de la famille LeCoultre, en la personne de Jacques-David, relève le défi lancé par l'horloger de la Marine française Edmond Jaeger de fabriquer les mouvements extra-plats de sa conception. Naît alors entre les deux hommes une amitié indéfectible qui donne naissance à la société Jaeger-LeCoultre et à quelques icônes horlogères dont la très célèbre Reverso, lancée en 1931.</p><h2 class="article-body-subheading ">Le phénomène Reverso</h2><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item ">Véritable phénomène de mode en France en particulier, l'histoire de la Reverso incarne une certaine idée de l'horlogerie de luxe. Son brevet a été déposé le 4 mars 1931 au ministère du commerce et de l'industrie par l'ingénieur René-Alfred Chauvot sous le numéro 712.868. L'intitulé stipulait qu'il s'agissait d'"une montre susceptible de coulisser dans son support et pouvant se retourner complètement sur elle-même". Grâce à ce petit plus, la Reverso au dessin tellement "Art Déco" s'est imposée durablement. On retiendra que cette référence, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui, est le résultat de multiples et subtiles évolutions.</p><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg?auth=2082fa1ab1eaee0a8dcb8033ba84207a288f0e643608a2040d44ca4ae0d2c4ce&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg?auth=2082fa1ab1eaee0a8dcb8033ba84207a288f0e643608a2040d44ca4ae0d2c4ce&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="JLC" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Jaeger-LeCoultre : Grande Reverso 1931 Seconde Centrale</p><p class="image-with-legend__credits"> ©  / Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre</p></figcaption></figure></div><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item ">Longtemps absente des catalogues, elle est réapparue en 1979 à la demande des Italiens et a connu depuis un indéfectible succès. Elle a par exemple été modifiée et rendue étanche en 1985, agrandie une première fois en 1991 puis une seconde fois en 2002. Récemment encore, ses mensurations ont été révisées (48,5 x 30 mm) pour gagner en finesse. Mais la force de ce modèle, aujourd'hui disponible en version manuelle ou automatique, réside dans sa réversibilité.</p><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item "><i><b>LIRE AUSSI >> <a href="https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/montre/jaeger-lecoultre-reverso-85-ans-de-modernite_1754087.html" >Jaeger-LeCoultre Reverso: 85 ans de modernité</a></b></i></p><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item ">Parmi les réussites de la marque, on compte aussi la très réputée montre réveil Memovox dont la Polaris, rééditée en série limitée en 2008, est l'extrapolation sportive, ou la nouvelle Geophysic (2015), ré-interprétation d'un modèle reconnu pour sa robustesse, lancé dans les années 1960. </p><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg?auth=51b0d4b6a6ea4503b9c26b5371252609ab8982ba2a4ba2fbc290832806451dfc&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg?auth=51b0d4b6a6ea4503b9c26b5371252609ab8982ba2a4ba2fbc290832806451dfc&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="JLC" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Jaeger-LeCoultre ; Geophysic True Second.</p><p class="image-with-legend__credits"> ©  / Courtesy of JLC</p></figcaption></figure></div><p class="paragraph article-body-paragraph article__item ">Véritable conservatoire avec ses quarante corps de métiers différents réunis sous le même toit, la manufacture du Sentier, rachetée par le Groupe Richemont en 2000, entretient la tradition sans se priver de viser le futur en proposant des montres d'exception comme la Gyrotourbillon ou en revisitant avec subtilité les modèles existants à travers des collections féminines, comme la Rendez-Vous ou des pièces de la ligne Duomètre, fortes de complications originales et utiles. </p><div class="article-body-image article__item"><figure class="image-with-legend"><div style="position:relative"><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/PYRDC7SRQ5GEJLWF5KWL7EXZTI.jpg?auth=155031028a87c46d78ffd7937e284a1e4ff7a8ba071f4b88acd6eec406425eb5&width=767&quality=85" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="883" height="0"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/PYRDC7SRQ5GEJLWF5KWL7EXZTI.jpg?auth=155031028a87c46d78ffd7937e284a1e4ff7a8ba071f4b88acd6eec406425eb5&width=883&quality=85" class="" alt="JLC" width="883" height="0" loading="lazy"/><span class="magnifying-glass"></span></div><figcaption class="image-with-legend__caption"><p class="image-with-legend__legend">Jaeger-LeCoultre : Duomètre à Quantième Lunaire.</p><p 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srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/5YPGYHAK3BGNLL2YCYANMT3DK4.jpg?auth=6c7c44f127e3a8ef70b0e3d490020150d1fe54153fd4939406bbcb97806cb3a0&width=70&height=70&quality=85&smart=true" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="70" height="70"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/5YPGYHAK3BGNLL2YCYANMT3DK4.jpg?auth=6c7c44f127e3a8ef70b0e3d490020150d1fe54153fd4939406bbcb97806cb3a0&width=70&height=70&quality=85&smart=true" class="" alt="La marque Code41 propose des montres à une communauté d'amateurs qui participent à son élaboration, à son financement, avant même de lancer la fabrication" width="70" height="70" loading="lazy"/></picture><div class="headlines__pic__item__title text--premium"><span class="line-height-5 text--decoration-none text--hovered-blue heading-5 text--strong text-gray-800">Code41 bouscule les codes de l'horlogerie traditionnelle</span></div></a></li><li class="headlines__pic__item default-serif"><a class="headlines__pic__item__link text--decoration-none text--hovered-blue heading-5 text--strong text-gray-800" href="/styles/plaisirs/montre/pinet-montrivel-la-jeune-marque-horlogere-francaise-ose-la-montre-deconnectee_2128923.html"><picture><source srcSet="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/2CGWGHJIYZETNAL5PMDEF6LAXQ.jpg?auth=1f51fa37945a7b06e6fea608a283c3ed5a0229fca83d56f94122e396422e87a2&width=70&height=70&quality=85&smart=true" media="(max-width: 768px)" width="70" height="70"/><img src="https://www.lexpress.fr/resizer/v2/2CGWGHJIYZETNAL5PMDEF6LAXQ.jpg?auth=1f51fa37945a7b06e6fea608a283c3ed5a0229fca83d56f94122e396422e87a2&width=70&height=70&quality=85&smart=true" class="" alt="Pinet-Montrivel" width="70" height="70" loading="lazy"/></picture><div class="headlines__pic__item__title text--premium"><span class="line-height-5 text--decoration-none text--hovered-blue heading-5 text--strong text-gray-800">Pinet Montrivel, la jeune marque horlogère française ose la montre 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L'artisan, comme souvent à l'époque, est à la fois mécanicien et horloger : il construit les outils destinés à lui permettre de fabriquer des composants en petites séries."},{"_id":"ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/rKJ9Bf9NoPjT5TsASpM3o97QzgE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"6256926.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/rKJ9Bf9NoPjT5TsASpM3o97QzgE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/rKJ9Bf9NoPjT5TsASpM3o97QzgE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/kiuigwCncK6B-8HTfAnbYZlhUgA=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","version":0},"address":{},"alt_text":"Antoine LeCoultre. Le fondateur de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre.","caption":"Antoine LeCoultre. Le fondateur de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre.","created_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:13Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre","type":"author"}]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"601f9b78-e4c1-46d6-a07b-a58165ef0eb4"},"height":632,"last_updated_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:13Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"lexpress"},"slug":"jlc-9","source":{"name":"Autre","source_id":"6256926","source_type":"other","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"JLC","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/ZBLIQYQKSVCNXOBA4TQZ4XQ6DA.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":450,"planning":{"internal_note":""},"auth":{"1":"5b48118a8ce8d46ab7fddf25b6c193151cd892d7e3b90f072545751a42e4596d"}},{"_id":"ICH4JL4L6ZB75CLERQSQG6AJ2Y","type":"text","content":" En 1844, il crée le \"millionomètre\", un instrument capable de mesurer avec précision le micron. Puis, l'entreprise familiale se spécialise dans la production de mouvements mécaniques de très grande qualité, avant de devenir une réelle manufacture en 1866 : elle rassemble alors sous son toit tous les savoir-faire permettant la réalisation d'un calibre de montre. En 1888, date charnière, la société emploie plus de 500 personnes. Les habitants du village du Sentier la nomme : \"la Grande Maison\"."},{"_id":"EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/krMn2cL3apOqsxLZ1ISL_VS2ulI=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"6256936.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/krMn2cL3apOqsxLZ1ISL_VS2ulI=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/krMn2cL3apOqsxLZ1ISL_VS2ulI=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/JYdr2PfoAcNeuphtTXmK2BjNqsA=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","version":0},"address":{},"alt_text":"Les bâtiments de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre au Sentier, village inscrit au coeur de la Vallée de Joux, dans le Jura suisse.","caption":"Les bâtiments de la manufacture Jaeger-LeCoultre au Sentier, village inscrit au coeur de la Vallée de Joux, dans le Jura suisse.","created_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:15Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"- (c) Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre","type":"author"}]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"601f9b78-e4c1-46d6-a07b-a58165ef0eb4"},"height":301,"last_updated_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:15Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"lexpress"},"slug":"jlc-14","source":{"name":"Autre","source_id":"6256936","source_type":"other","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"Jaeger-LeCoultre","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/EUBX45VEOVD2ZKLSPMX6WAJXPY.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":450,"planning":{"internal_note":""},"auth":{"1":"3e885a35874b8adda22ec085718559fd79616624b0a8eb60b83655cad4a24084"}},{"_id":"4CNNUJ33Y5EPVNNZIWN46WWOSY","type":"header","level":3,"content":"Jaeger-LeCoultre, symbole d'une amitié"},{"_id":"32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/stcd8o5S51GEYUr2JbIfeR4VAjY=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"6256928.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/stcd8o5S51GEYUr2JbIfeR4VAjY=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/stcd8o5S51GEYUr2JbIfeR4VAjY=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/gRRqvHHA8rQcQCCUs8LMxnXu26s=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","version":0},"address":{},"alt_text":"Photographie d'époque d'Edmond Jaeger, industriel dans le secteur et Horloger de la marine française.","caption":"Photographie d'époque d'Edmond Jaeger, industriel dans le secteur et Horloger de la marine française.","created_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:17Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Courtesy of JLC","type":"author"}]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"601f9b78-e4c1-46d6-a07b-a58165ef0eb4"},"height":650,"last_updated_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:17Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"lexpress"},"slug":"jlc-10","source":{"name":"Autre","source_id":"6256928","source_type":"other","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"JLC","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/32UHV3OBJRH67KXVRZRVICX6EM.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":438,"planning":{"internal_note":""},"auth":{"1":"d54ed5b822a518b69a6bbe7cf45065f112067df73cbccd9705ac0f0c7c88493a"}},{"_id":"ELVJ6FAQJ5HMDFQKIUBNZVBSBE","type":"text","content":"Entre 1860 et 1900, LeCoultre a conçu 350 calibres différents, dont beaucoup à complications. En 1903, l'héritier de la famille LeCoultre, en la personne de Jacques-David, relève le défi lancé par l'horloger de la Marine française Edmond Jaeger de fabriquer les mouvements extra-plats de sa conception. Naît alors entre les deux hommes une amitié indéfectible qui donne naissance à la société Jaeger-LeCoultre et à quelques icônes horlogères dont la très célèbre Reverso, lancée en 1931."},{"_id":"NG7EUKRG45GCLERKS76UMBFBSE","type":"header","level":3,"content":"Le phénomène Reverso"},{"_id":"BCGR3WJMARGLNEQKVGDR5AFIBI","type":"text","content":"Véritable phénomène de mode en France en particulier, l'histoire de la Reverso incarne une certaine idée de l'horlogerie de luxe. Son brevet a été déposé le 4 mars 1931 au ministère du commerce et de l'industrie par l'ingénieur René-Alfred Chauvot sous le numéro 712.868. L'intitulé stipulait qu'il s'agissait d'\"une montre susceptible de coulisser dans son support et pouvant se retourner complètement sur elle-même\". Grâce à ce petit plus, la Reverso au dessin tellement \"Art Déco\" s'est imposée durablement. On retiendra que cette référence, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui, est le résultat de multiples et subtiles évolutions."},{"_id":"MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/ITqYjfzQE0rVBPCYIVUyv-zBYpw=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"6256930.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/ITqYjfzQE0rVBPCYIVUyv-zBYpw=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/ITqYjfzQE0rVBPCYIVUyv-zBYpw=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/Yz1da1sFbjMoHmLVq_bkCLE3rj0=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","version":0},"address":{},"alt_text":"Jaeger-LeCoultre : Grande Reverso 1931 Seconde Centrale","caption":"Jaeger-LeCoultre : Grande Reverso 1931 Seconde Centrale","created_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:18Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Courtesy of Jaeger-LeCoultre","type":"author"}]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"601f9b78-e4c1-46d6-a07b-a58165ef0eb4"},"height":590,"last_updated_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:18Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"lexpress"},"slug":"jlc-11","source":{"name":"Autre","source_id":"6256930","source_type":"other","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"JLC","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/MUKZI3CT75E73DZGOK6BYZ7EN4.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":450,"planning":{"internal_note":""},"auth":{"1":"2082fa1ab1eaee0a8dcb8033ba84207a288f0e643608a2040d44ca4ae0d2c4ce"}},{"_id":"BVEJL5VW2ZCOFC5FP5QRAUUNMM","type":"text","content":"Longtemps absente des catalogues, elle est réapparue en 1979 à la demande des Italiens et a connu depuis un indéfectible succès. Elle a par exemple été modifiée et rendue étanche en 1985, agrandie une première fois en 1991 puis une seconde fois en 2002. Récemment encore, ses mensurations ont été révisées (48,5 x 30 mm) pour gagner en finesse. Mais la force de ce modèle, aujourd'hui disponible en version manuelle ou automatique, réside dans sa réversibilité."},{"_id":"KD5AZUPPSNCUJICLUXE32MQHE4","type":"text","content":"<i><b>LIRE AUSSI >> <a href=\"https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/montre/jaeger-lecoultre-reverso-85-ans-de-modernite_1754087.html\" target=\"_self\">Jaeger-LeCoultre Reverso: 85 ans de modernité</a></b></i>"},{"_id":"RTJFJ62RAZGMFCEPCWBX22NNLU","type":"text","content":"Parmi les réussites de la marque, on compte aussi la très réputée montre réveil Memovox dont la Polaris, rééditée en série limitée en 2008, est l'extrapolation sportive, ou la nouvelle Geophysic (2015), ré-interprétation d'un modèle reconnu pour sa robustesse, lancé dans les années 1960. "},{"_id":"OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/APEU1-EjliCSbmz3EkmpsI9GBkg=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","galleries":[],"mime_type":"image/jpeg","originalName":"6256932.jpg","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","proxyUrl":"/resizer/APEU1-EjliCSbmz3EkmpsI9GBkg=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/APEU1-EjliCSbmz3EkmpsI9GBkg=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","restricted":false,"thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/kFsI8PrEc11AO_dGI_csSY4CGr4=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","version":0},"address":{},"alt_text":"Jaeger-LeCoultre ; Geophysic True Second.","caption":"Jaeger-LeCoultre ; Geophysic True Second.","created_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:20Z","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Courtesy of JLC","type":"author"}]},"distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"601f9b78-e4c1-46d6-a07b-a58165ef0eb4"},"height":650,"last_updated_date":"2022-10-31T20:00:20Z","licensable":false,"owner":{"id":"lexpress"},"slug":"jlc-12","source":{"name":"Autre","source_id":"6256932","source_type":"other","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"},"edit_url":"","system":"photo center"},"subtitle":"JLC","type":"image","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/OZ5TVHPY65DHZEKX57FRPH7KTU.jpg","version":"0.10.3","width":382,"planning":{"internal_note":""},"auth":{"1":"51b0d4b6a6ea4503b9c26b5371252609ab8982ba2a4ba2fbc290832806451dfc"}},{"_id":"RLPSELGTKBCHPBJMAHITWPHKUU","type":"text","content":"Véritable conservatoire avec ses quarante corps de métiers différents réunis sous le même toit, la manufacture du Sentier, rachetée par le Groupe Richemont en 2000, entretient la tradition sans se priver de viser le futur en proposant des montres d'exception comme la Gyrotourbillon ou en revisitant avec subtilité les modèles existants à travers des collections féminines, comme la Rendez-Vous ou des pièces de la ligne Duomètre, fortes de complications originales et utiles. 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Ces problématiques ne peuvent être ignorées, tant elles redéfinissent notre quotidien. C’est pourquoi L'Express vous propose une plongée dans les grands dossiers de l'actualité sociale.</p> <h4>Les mouvements sociaux qui ébranlent les sociétés</h4> <p>Partout dans le monde, des mouvements sociaux émergent pour défendre les droits des minorités, lutter contre les inégalités et réclamer plus de justice sociale. L’essor des manifestations, des actions collectives et des boycotts montre une volonté croissante d’exiger justice et égalité. Ces luttes pour les droits des minorités, contre les inégalités et pour la justice sociale sont au cœur des débats actuels. Elles nous rappellent que chaque citoyen a un rôle à jouer dans la construction d'une société plus juste et inclusive.</p> <h4>La laïcité : un principe en constante redéfinition</h4> <p>En France, la laïcité est un principe fondamental qui garantit la neutralité de l'État vis-à-vis des religions et la liberté de croyance. 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L'Express vous offre une analyse approfondie de ces changements sociétaux, qui façonneront le monde de demain.</p> <h4>FAQ : les questions société que tout le monde se pose</h4> <h4>Comment la diversité culturelle influence-t-elle le débat sur la laïcité en France ?</h4> <p>La diversité culturelle complexifie le débat sur la laïcité, car elle soulève des questions sur la coexistence de différentes croyances dans un espace public français qui se veut neutre. Cela nécessite une réflexion sur l'inclusion et le respect des identités culturelles tout en préservant la neutralité de l'État.</p> <h4>Quels défis démographiques le XXIe siècle pose-t-il ?</h4> <p>Ils sont nombreux : le vieillissement de la population, les migrations internationales et l'urbanisation croissante sont des enjeux majeurs de notre époque. Ces défis exigent des réponses en matière de santé, d'intégration, d'aménagement du territoire et de développement durable notamment.</p> <h4>Pourquoi la laïcité suscite-t-elle des débats passionnés en France ?</h4> <p>C’est une des valeurs symboliques de la France et pourtant son application fait débat. La laïcité suscite des débats en raison de la diversité croissante des croyances religieuses et des interprétations variées de son application. Les discussions portent souvent sur la place des signes religieux dans l'espace public et sur la manière de concilier la liberté d'expression et le respect des croyances.</p> <h4>S’informer sur la société nous offre un miroir de notre monde en mouvement</h4> <p>Un monde avec ses défis, ses opportunités et ses contradictions. Qu'il s'agisse de l'impact de l'intelligence artificielle, des mouvements sociaux qui ébranlent nos sociétés, des enjeux démographiques ou de l'évolution de nos modes de vie, ces questions nous concernent tous et méritent un débat éclairé. L'Express se positionne de ce fait comme un acteur clé pour vous informer, vous éclairer et vous permettre de participer aux débats qui façonneront la société de demain.</p>"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Société - Suivez l'actualité société et faits divers en continu avec la rédaction de L'Express : justice, religions, environnement, insécurité, affaires...","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":"Société & Faits divers - Actualités Société - L'Express","site_url":"/societe/"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section","children":[{"_id":"/societe/justice","_website":"lexpress","name":"Justice","site":{"site_tagline":null,"site_url":"/societe/justice/","site_title":"Justice - Actualités judiciaires, affaires et procès - L'Express","site_description":"Justice - Suivez l'actualité judiciaire en direct avec la rédaction de L'Express : affaires, enquêtes, condamnations, procès…","site_about":null,"site_keywords":null,"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null},"social":{"instagram":null,"rss":null,"facebook":null,"twitter":null},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"navigation":{"nav_title":"Justice","menu_order":"1"},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/societe/justice"]},"parent":{"default":"/societe","header-navigation":null},"order":{},"ancestors":{"default":["/societe"],"header-navigation":[]},"inactive":false,"node_type":"section","children":[]},{"_id":"/societe/religion","_website":"lexpress","name":"Religion et laïcité","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/societe"],"header-navigation":[]},"parent":{"default":"/societe","header-navigation":null},"order":{},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/societe/religion"]},"additional_info":{"additional_navigation":{"Le fléau de l'antisémitisme en France":"https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/regain-d-antisemitisme-en-france_1565495.html"}},"navigation":{"menu_order":"2","nav_title":"Religion et laïcité"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Religions - A travers nos articles, interviews et vidéos, suivez l'actualité des religions sur l'Express.fr : islam, christianisme, judaïsme…","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":"Religions - Toute l'actualité des religions - L'Express","site_url":"/societe/religion/"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section","children":[]},{"_id":"/societe/education","_website":"lexpress","name":"Education","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/societe"],"header-navigation":["/"],"mobile-nav":["/"]},"parent":{"default":"/societe","header-navigation":"/","mobile-nav":"/"},"order":{"header-navigation":1010,"mobile-nav":1012},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/societe/education"]},"additional_info":{"additional_navigation":{"Laïcité à l'école":"https://www.lexpress.fr/societe/education/laicite-a-l-ecole_1643032.html"}},"navigation":{"menu_order":"3","nav_title":"Education"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Education - Suivez l'actualité sur l'Education avec la rédaction de L'Express. 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À L'Express, nous vous proposons une analyse des principaux développements économiques, afin de vous permettre de mieux saisir les tendances actuelles et d’anticiper les défis de demain.</p> <h4>Les grands défis économiques d’aujourd’hui</h4> <h4>Inflation : entre menace et opportunité</h4> <p>L'inflation est sur toutes les lèvres, devenue l'un des sujets majeurs de ces dernières années. Mais que signifie-t-elle réellement pour le quotidien des citoyens et des entreprises ?</p> <ul> <li>Une érosion progressive du pouvoir d'achat</li> <li>Une flambée des prix à la consommation</li> <li>Des taux d’intérêt susceptibles de s’ajuster à la hausse</li> </ul> <p>Si certains experts y voient un signal positif, annonciateur d'une reprise, d'autres alertent sur les conséquences à long terme. 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Parmi les tendances marquantes, on note :</p> <ul> <li>L'essor sans précédent du commerce en ligne</li> <li>La généralisation du télétravail, désormais partie intégrante de nombreux secteurs</li> <li>La montée en puissance des cryptomonnaies et de la blockchain</li> </ul> <p>Ces révolutions technologiques posent de nouvelles questions en termes de régulation et d'impact sur l’emploi, obligeant les États à revoir leur cadre législatif.</p> <h4>FAQ : les questions économie que tout le monde se pose</h4> <h4>Quelles sont les principales causes de l'inflation en 2024 ?</h4> <p>Les raisons sont nombreuses : hausse des prix de l'énergie, tensions géopolitiques européennes et mondiales, problèmes persistants des chaînes d'approvisionnement, et enfin coûts liés à la transition vers des énergies renouvelables.</p> <h4>Le chômage est-il en baisse dans les pays européens ?</h4> <p>Oui et non. Le chômage est en baisse dans plusieurs pays en Europe, notamment en Allemagne, où il atteint des niveaux historiquement bas. Cependant, d'autres pays comme l'Espagne et la Grèce continuent à faire face à un chômage élevé.</p> <h4>Comment les cryptomonnaies impactent-elles l'économie mondiale ?</h4> <p>Elles changent les modes de transaction et facilitent les transferts internationaux. Cependant, elles créent aussi des risques de volatilité financière et posent des défis en termes de régulation et de sécurité pour les gouvernements ou les institutions financières.</p> <h4>Pourquoi les taux d'intérêt augmentent-ils ?</h4> <p>La réponse est simple : lutter contre l'inflation. En rendant le crédit plus cher, les banques centrales cherchent à ralentir la demande et à stabiliser les prix, tout en évitant une surchauffe économique préjudiciable.</p> <h4>Reconfiguration des chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales</h4> <p>Les récentes crises géopolitiques, notamment en Europe et au Proche-Orient, ont mis en lumière la vulnérabilité de nos chaînes d'approvisionnement globalisées. Elles ont conduit à plusieurs changements structurels :</p> <ul> <li>Une diversification des sources d'approvisionnement</li> <li>Un regain d'intérêt pour les circuits courts et la production locale</li> <li>Une relocalisation progressive de certaines industries</li> </ul> <p>Ces transformations pourraient remodeler en profondeur le commerce mondial dans les années à venir. L’Express, toujours à la pointe de l’actualité, décrypte ces enjeux pour vous accompagner dans la compréhension des dynamiques économiques qui façonnent notre avenir.</p>"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Retrouvez toute l'actualité économique, entreprise, financière, des technologies et des transformations en France et à l'international avec l'Express.","site_keywords":null,"site_tagline":null,"site_title":"Economie - Actualité économique, conjoncture, entreprises - L'Express","site_url":"/economie/"},"site_topper":{"site_logo_image":null},"social":{"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"rss":null,"twitter":null},"node_type":"section","children":[{"_id":"/economie/politique-economique","_website":"lexpress","name":"Politique économique","inactive":false,"ancestors":{"default":["/economie"],"header-navigation":[]},"parent":{"default":"/economie","header-navigation":null},"order":{},"_admin":{"alias_ids":["/economie/politique-economique"]},"additional_info":{"additional_navigation":{"Finances publiques":"https://www.lexpress.fr/economie/deficit-public-un-defi-pour-la-france-O7AOC7ZTXZCMDDJ3MV4UKS36YY/"}},"navigation":{"menu_order":"1","nav_title":"Politique économique"},"site":{"pagebuilder_path_for_native_apps":null,"site_about":null,"site_description":"Décryptage des sujets liés à la politique économique : articles, reportages, chroniques, vidéos... 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Des smartphones toujours plus performants aux révolutions de l’intelligence artificielle, en passant par les promesses de la réalité virtuelle et de la blockchain, suivez avec L’Express les innovations qui façonneront notre avenir.</p> <h4>L'essor de l'intelligence artificielle</h4> <p>L'intelligence artificielle (IA) n'est plus une simple promesse, mais une réalité qui redessine chaque jour nos usages. Des outils tels que les générateurs d'articles alimentés par l'IA et les assistants d'écriture révolutionnent la façon dont nous créons et partageons du contenu. Grâce à des modèles de langage avancés, il est désormais possible de générer des textes de qualité en quelques secondes, dans de nombreuses langues.</p> <h4>Les nouvelles frontières de la réalité virtuelle</h4> <p>La réalité virtuelle (RV) et la réalité augmentée (RA) repoussent sans cesse les limites de l’innovation. 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Avec des casques de RV toujours plus immersifs et des applications de RA de plus en plus sophistiquées, ces technologies transforment notre façon d'interagir avec le monde numérique et physique.</p> <h4>La révolution blockchain</h4> <p>La technologie blockchain, qui sous-tend les cryptomonnaies comme le Bitcoin, offre de nombreuses possibilités au-delà des applications financières.</p> <p>Les contrats intelligents, basés sur la blockchain, automatisent et sécurisent les transactions, ouvrant la voie à de nouveaux modèles d'affaires décentralisés.</p> <p>Les NFT (jetons non fongibles), également basés sur la blockchain, révolutionnent le marché de l'art numérique et offrent de nouvelles opportunités aux créateurs.</p> <h4>L'avenir des smartphones</h4> <p>Dans un monde ultra-connecté, les smartphones restent au cœur de l’innovation technologique. 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Dernièrement, des percées exceptionnelles ont marqué des domaines aussi variés que la médecine, l’astrophysique, la biologie ou encore l’électronique. Ces avancées ne sont pas seulement impressionnantes, elles pourraient transformer notre quotidien et offrir des solutions aux plus grands défis auxquels l'humanité est confrontée.</p> <h4>La rationalité scientifique : un outil essentiel</h4> <p>La science repose sur un principe clé : la rationalité. Chaque nouvelle découverte ou avancée scientifique est soumise à une rigueur méthodologique qui permet de s’assurer de sa validité. C'est en grande partie grâce à cette rigueur que des domaines comme la médecine et l'astrophysique continuent de progresser, repoussant les frontières de notre compréhension du monde.</p> <h4>Des progrès majeurs dans la lutte contre le cancer</h4> <p>L’immunothérapie, véritable révolution médicale, continue de se perfectionner. 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Des domaines comme l'homéopathie, ou encore certaines formes de médecine alternative, sont régulièrement dénoncés par la communauté scientifique.</p> <h4>Métaphysique et questionnements sur les découvertes scientifiques</h4> <p>Certaines découvertes scientifiques soulèvent aussi des questions métaphysiques, touchant à des concepts comme le temps, l’espace et la réalité. 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Elles soulèvent des interrogations sur notre place dans le cosmos et des concepts tels que le temps et l'espace.</p> <h4>Quel rôle joue la rationalité dans le processus scientifique ?</h4> <p>La rationalité est essentielle, garantissant que chaque découverte soit validée par des tests méthodologiques, ce qui permet de faire avancer des domaines comme la médecine et l'astrophysique.</p> <h4>En quoi l'immunothérapie constitue-t-elle une révolution médicale ?</h4> <p>Tout simplement car elle utilise le système immunitaire pour cibler les cellules cancéreuses, avec des résultats prometteurs dans le traitement du cancer du poumon, offrant espoir et meilleures chances de survie aux patients.</p> <h4>Restez informé(e)s avec L’Express</h4> <p>Les actualités scientifiques de ces derniers mois témoignent de l'ingéniosité et de la persévérance des chercheurs du monde entier. 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Cet épisode vient rappeler l'urgence de la situation et la nécessité d’intensifier nos efforts pour éviter des catastrophes encore plus graves.</p> <h4>FAQ : les questions climat que tout le monde se pose</h4> <h4>Quels sont les impacts actuels du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes mondiaux ?</h4> <p>Le réchauffement climatique entraîne des modifications majeures dans les écosystèmes : fonte des glaciers, acidification des océans et perte de biodiversité. Les phénomènes météorologiques extrêmes, tels que les vagues de chaleur, les inondations et les sécheresses, deviennent également plus fréquents et intenses.</p> <h4>La hausse de 1,5°C de réchauffement climatique est-elle encore évitable ?</h4> <p>Cela devient improbable. Les scénarios exigent des réductions drastiques des émissions mondiales, des changements rapides dans l’énergie et les transports, ainsi qu’une coopération internationale accrue. Des éléments trop peu présents dans notre société pour y croire.</p> <h4>La géo-ingénierie est-elle une solution viable ?</h4> <p>Potentiellement, mais elle comporte des risques environnementaux et géopolitiques. Il s’agit d’une option de dernier recours si la réduction des émissions échoue.</p> <h4>Comment les accords internationaux influencent-ils la lutte contre le changement climatique ?</h4> <p>Les accords internationaux, tels que l'Accord de Paris de 2015, jouent un rôle clé dans la coordination des efforts mondiaux contre le changement climatique. Ils fixent des objectifs communs, comme limiter la hausse des températures à 2°C, et encouragent la coopération entre pays. Cependant, leur mise en œuvre dépend de la volonté politique des gouvernements nationaux et est souvent freinée par des intérêts économiques divergents.</p> <h4>S’informer pour protéger notre planète</h4> <p>Face à l’urgence climatique, s'informer n'est plus un luxe, mais une nécessité. 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Pendant des millénaires, la nuit était simplement le temps du repos social. Les choses ont vraiment commencé à changer au XIXe siècle, avec la société industrielle. Depuis, ce phénomène s’est accentué car <a href=\"https://www.lexpress.fr/informations/franprix-ouvert-24-24-il-faut-investir-la-nuit_1996111.html\" target=\"_blank\">les activités de loisirs se sont à leur tour étendues</a>. Et c’est logique : désormais, nous bénéficions à tout moment de la lumière, les urbains sont de plus en plus nombreux et le temps de travail s’est réduit."},{"_id":"QRHZ7W6PLJFHLK2OI567I72MNY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390858},"type":"text","content":"<b>Qu’en est-il à l’étranger ?</b>"},{"_id":"G3B2OAG5QRBK5DCI2FZAG5Y7ZM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390859},"type":"text","content":"La conquête de la nuit est un phénomène mondial, mais elle diffère selon la latitude, le développement économique et les cultures. En Europe, des villes comme Barcelone ou Istanbul vivent en grande partie la nuit. En Afrique, c’est plus difficile, notamment parce que l’électricité n’est pas encore présente partout. En Scandinavie, l’ambiance n’est pas du tout la même à Helsinki l’hiver et l’été, quand il fait jour quasiment vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre !"},{"subtype":"read-more","_id":"TYOLVBA2URA75MSP3NBVHHOC2M","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"JTBTWPRMLNFLXGLD7HHZK35NKA"},"title":"","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"NEC2K32OYBCIHDTF2YXZUWCSVU","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"OGYYRFTVAJD7TE4COJOMBB7IEE","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Brigit Bontour : \"Le temps soulève des questions vertigineuses\"","url":"https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/montre/brigit-bontour-le-temps-souleve-des-questions-vertigineuses-SP7YZXO6DBB7BFLSRJDYD4Q4RM/"}]},{"_id":"TBVNVMEOBRDB7JKNTF4GUDRMOY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390861},"type":"text","content":"<b>Le Covid a-t-il modifié notre rapport à la nuit ?</b> Incontestablement. D’un côté, <a href=\"https://www.lexpress.fr/sciences-sante/sante/covid-19-le-couvre-feu-avance-a-18-heures-est-il-efficace_2142389.html\" target=\"_blank\">le retour des couvre-feux</a> nous a permis de mesurer la valeur d’un apéritif pris le soir entre amis. A l’inverse, nous avons redécouvert le calme et nous sommes rendu compte de l’impact de nos modes de vie sur les ressources naturelles et sur les dépenses énergétiques. La nuit est à la fois noire et blanche, selon la définition des verbicrucistes."},{"_id":"QODWIEXWUFAZ5B2RKSCNM2S5BU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390862},"type":"text","content":"<b>Les élus locaux ont-ils pris conscience de ces enjeux ?</b>"},{"_id":"PVBMFIDL3FEBTDQOYHWO6QTWNI","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390863},"type":"text","content":"Oui. De plus en plus de municipalités ont créé des instances de gouvernance spécifiques. Une cinquantaine de villes dans le monde comptent même des \"maires de la nuit\" et des \"conseils de la nuit\" - dont Paris, Bordeaux, Lyon, La Rochelle, Quimper… Et cela a des effets concrets. Les transports en commun circulent plus tard, les horaires des piscines et des bibliothèques sont décalés, des gérants de bar insonorisent leurs locaux. On peut regretter les conflits entre \"la ville qui dort\" et \"la ville qui s’amuse\", mais<b> </b>rien ne sert de faire l’autruche. Mieux vaut coconstruire des solutions intelligentes et définir ensemble \"jusqu’où ne pas aller\"."},{"_id":"ARTLQUIKJBEBZBFPVXF6MIR7HE","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1714464390864},"type":"text","content":"(1) Géographe, professeur à l’ENSA Toulouse, auteur de <a href=\"https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00642968/file/La_nuit_derniere_frontiere_de_la_vi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><i>La nuit, dernière frontière de la ville</i></a> (Editions de l’Aube) et coauteur avec Christian Graff de <a href=\"https://rhuthmos.eu/spip.php?article3028\" target=\"_blank\"><i>Rythmes et flux à l’épreuve des territoires</i></a> (Editions Rhuthmos)."}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Les êtres humains vivent de plus en plus de temps après le coucher du soleil. 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En déplacement à Paris pour présenter les activités de la FHH Academy autour de l’éducation et de la connaissance horlogères, l’équipe genevoise de la FHH a posé pour L’Express le cadre du contexte historique. \"Les débuts de l’horlogerie mécanique en Europe datent du XIIIe siècle, avec l’essor des horloges monumentales. On en trouve de premières traces en France, mais aussi en Italie, en Allemagne et dans tous les pays européens dotés d’un pouvoir stable.\" Emmanuel Schneider, directeur du contenu à la FHH, ajoute : \"Nous ne connaissons ni le berceau ni l’inventeur de l’horloge mécanique à poids moteur, ancêtre de l’horlogerie mécanique contemporaine.\""},{"_id":"XVDKSKL7JNCT3IK72NDMBII6HU","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503135},"type":"text","content":"Et la Suisse, dans tout cela ? Pour comprendre le rôle qu’elle occupe aujourd’hui dans ce secteur, il faut remonter au milieu du XVIe siècle. A cette époque, la Réforme de Jean Calvin bannit les objets d’apparat, notamment les bijoux, qui étaient alors largement fabriqués en Suisse. Les joailliers se retrouvent au chômage technique. Parallèlement, un grand nombre de protestants, persécutés en Europe, viennent se réfugier sur place. La conjonction de ces deux événements va favoriser le développement de l’horlogerie locale. \"A l’époque, les échanges et le partage des différentes techniques étaient courants. Surtout, les horlogers voyageaient beaucoup, raconte Pascal Ravessoud.<i> </i>Il y avait alors une certaine perméabilité des frontières.\""},{"subtype":"read-more","_id":"KCLECQKM4JHDTFZQPYJTUUPUGE","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"IZS7XIZRHFAZDCTCGIKYKTX72I"},"title":"","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"KZTDNWTTYBGPDCW4B3BOJS24PA","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"NWEMXLL54BFKZBBIUA2TH2OJ6E","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Au centième de millimètre près : la course aux montres ultra-plates","url":"https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/montre/au-centieme-de-millimetre-pres-la-course-aux-montres-ultra-plates-3BL5SBVQNZD3DJT3RYYRKJD7EA/"}]},{"_id":"GY3GORZAFJFO5MQKY33IIXRMRM","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503137},"type":"text","content":"Aurélie Streit, vice-présidente de la FHH, complète le tableau en évoquant la France, \"un pays historiquement grand producteur d’horlogerie, notamment dans l’Arc jurassien et à Paris.\" De nos jours, les montres tricolores ont plus que jamais le vent en poupe et capitalisent sur leur passé. De nouvelles marques naissent chaque année et celles qui ont choisi de miser sur des mouvements conçus et assemblés dans l’Hexagone mettent l’accent sur cette spécificité nationale, à laquelle les amateurs se montrent de plus en plus sensibles."},{"_id":"V2T2HVUTIVHGNCEQYNH766AFU4","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503138},"type":"text","content":"Il en va de même dans d’autres pays européens, qui ont aussi contribué à écrire une partie de cette histoire. Ainsi, la Grande-Bretagne représente l’un des berceaux de l’horlogerie, surtout grâce à la chronométrie marine, qui a permis l’établissement de la longitude en mer, une invention de John Harrison. \"Cette technique n’est arrivée que plusieurs décennies plus tard sur le continent car les Britanniques l’ont tenue secrète, afin de la réserver à leur marine,<i> </i>fait remarquer Pascal Ravessoud<i>. </i>En effet, qui maîtrise la mer maîtrise le monde\"."},{"_id":"3SLBNUMJCBFOVMJES2HRYGMY3U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503139},"type":"text","content":"Comme les autres grands Etats européens, l’Allemagne est une terre horlogère depuis très longtemps. Emmanuel Schneider rappelle que notre voisin a commencé par développer une industrie de la pendule dès le XVIIe siècle, dans le massif montagneux de la Forêt-Noire. Les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles voient l’essor des horloges à coucou, spécialités de cette région. En 1845, les premiers horlogers s’installent à Glashütte, petite cité au sud de Dresde. Ferdinand Adolph Lange y fonde A. Lange & Söhne, marque qui verra son activité interrompue par la Seconde Guerre mondiale et la nationalisation des biens par le régime de la RDA, comme ce fut aussi le cas pour l’autre manufacture de la ville, Glashütte Original."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"lexpress"},"address":{},"syndication":{"search":"true"},"auth":{"1":"0c53ff23028bf68706456707551e5286b76c3c674257dce28c2f2370d7b6b8a4"},"caption":"A. 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Sans doute moins bien lotie par rapport à d’autres nations, l’Espagne compte cependant quelques horlogers d’exception et une marque populaire, Festina, établie à Barcelone pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle appartient depuis quarante ans au groupe Festina Lotus."},{"subtype":"read-more","_id":"7DVA5R53RZGY3GAPBQ2P5GPO6Q","additional_properties":{"comments":[],"_id":"P2CASLPBGFE55PHWXTZFFCNQRQ"},"title":"","type":"link_list","items":[{"description":{"_id":"YAP7KF4XDJDXTDD52XL7GWPFXE","type":"text","content":""},"_id":"D6OCBRCCDNAHLPVJE3BJBT2NFY","type":"interstitial_link","content":"Montres : petite histoire de la grande date","url":"https://www.lexpress.fr/styles/plaisirs/montre/montres-petite-histoire-de-la-grande-date-SAL6ICCKHZEYLBLNN67KHTKH5A/"}]},{"_id":"HTOS53XVCJBQ3BXMMMT4JM432U","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503142},"type":"text","content":"Du côté de l’Italie, les racines sont, de longue date, ancrées dans le territoire. Emmanuel Schneider<b> </b>estime que des artistes, scientifiques et humanistes comme Léonard de Vinci, Galilée ou encore Filippo Brunelleschi ont fait avancer l’horlogerie dans la Botte. Il raconte aussi comment Giovanni Panerai a fondé en 1860 une boutique qui vendait des montres suisses et fabriquait en parallèle des composants de mesure. Equipementier de la marine, Panerai livrait d’abord des outils de plongée. Par la suite, au début du XXe siècle, la marque est devenue fournisseur officiel de la marine royale italienne. \"Panerai n’a commercialisé aucune montre avant de se lancer sur le marché civil en 1993\", fait-il remarquer."},{"_id":"ZXC7MHAZ5BAMBLQMXH33KYLC4Y","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503143},"type":"text","content":"Au-delà des frontières européennes, s’il y a un pays profondément attaché à la fabrication des montres depuis cent ans, c’est bien le Japon, souvent considéré comme le grand concurrent de la Suisse. Les marques nippones couvrent différentes gammes de prix : de Seiko à Grand Seiko, en passant par Citizen ou Casio. A propos de l’Empire du Soleil Levant, Pascal Ravessoud évoque \"une certaine fierté liée aux garde-temps made in Japan à partir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale\"."},{"owner":{"sponsored":false,"id":"lexpress"},"address":{"country_name":"UKR"},"syndication":{"search":"true"},"auth":{"1":"e2006cde6cfe5c791a6455d2ae66dee495e8955dc29078a6a7181f4040fda33c"},"caption":"Grand Seiko ","source":{"system":"photo center","name":"LEXPRESS.fr","edit_url":"","source_type":"staff","additional_properties":{"editor":"photo center"}},"taxonomy":{},"type":"image","distributor":{"mode":"reference","reference_id":"1b79f0ec-d0a5-444d-bb62-48c4318eebb5"},"version":"0.10.9","url":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","licensable":false,"alt_text":"3805 CT HORLOGERIE PAYS","credits":{"affiliation":[{"name":"Getty Images/iStockphoto","type":"author"}],"by":[{"name":"Treebark","type":"author","byline":"Treebark"}]},"subtitle":"3805 CT HORLOGERIE","width":6516,"country_name":"France","_id":"REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI","additional_properties":{"fullSizeResizeUrl":"/resizer/r0H5SS1dpUie5CDtiEzFI4rXKrE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","owner":"dbabaci@lexpress.fr","iptc_source":"iStockphoto","comments":[],"keywords":[""],"proxyUrl":"/resizer/r0H5SS1dpUie5CDtiEzFI4rXKrE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","takenOn":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","originalUrl":"https://cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/lexpress/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","published":true,"resizeUrl":"/resizer/r0H5SS1dpUie5CDtiEzFI4rXKrE=/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","ingestionMethod":"manual","thumbnailResizeUrl":"/resizer/QMzZWWVGZPeEI5-yIMdl7EqPgtA=/300x0/arc-photo-lexpress/eu-central-1-prod/public/REYEBQVCDVBCBNGHNGDWI4ICLI.jpeg","version":0,"countryId":224,"usage_instructions":"Not Released (NR) ","originalName":"Japon-GrandSeiko-SLGW002_KV_1 (original).jpeg","mime_type":"image/jpeg","restricted":false,"template_id":312,"galleries":[],"_id":"NJPJE7ZKZNGBZPH6PCZO4EN2PY","iptc_title":"Contributor"},"created_date":"2024-06-05T18:30:13Z","last_updated_date":"2024-06-05T18:30:13Z","slug":"1223847725","height":4607,"image_type":"photograph"},{"_id":"U7QNRT4IDNCLLNOH4IK5S2RBXQ","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503144},"type":"text","content":"En 1969, ces fabricants, notamment Seiko, mettent à mal l’horlogerie traditionnelle européenne avec leurs montres à quartz. La grande compétition se jouait alors sur la précision. Or, le quartz était imbattable sur ce point. \"Ce fut un véritable changement de paradigme,<i> </i>raconte le vice-président de la FHH<i>. </i>Seiko reste aujourd’hui une marque qui se focalise sur la précision, aussi bien dans ses mouvements mécaniques qu’à quartz.\" Et chez Grand Seiko, il décrit \"un temps infini consacré à régler les machines pour atteindre la perfection dans la fabrication des composants<i>\"</i>. Une exigence qu’il rapproche de celle des horlogers suisses."},{"_id":"BCIGXQRGIJA2NBUIR2AFAPUXWY","additional_properties":{"inline_comments":[],"comments":[],"_id":1715274503146},"type":"text","content":"<br/>"}],"subheadlines":{"basic":"Si le berceau des montres mécaniques est bien européen, ce n’est pas chez les Helvètes que leur histoire a débuté."},"description":{"basic":""},"language":"","source":{"system":"composer","name":"L'EXPRESS.fr","source_type":"staff"},"taxonomy":{"primary_site":{"path":"/styles/plaisirs/montre","parent_id":"/styles/plaisirs","name":"L'Express XII","description":"Tout sur l’univers de l’horlogerie : les tendances, les dernières nouveautés à découvrir, les créateurs à suivre et les pièces 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