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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Artistic practices grounded in ecology</div> <p><b>Ecofeminist art</b> emerged in the 1970s in response to <a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">ecofeminist</a> philosophy, that was particularly articulated by writers such as <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Merchant" title="Carolyn Merchant">Carolyn Merchant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Plumwood" title="Val Plumwood">Val Plumwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Gaard" title="Greta Gaard">Greta Gaard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karen_J._Warren" title="Karen J. Warren">Karen J. Warren</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Solnit" title="Rebecca Solnit">Rebecca Solnit</a>. Those writers emphasized the significance of relationships of cultural dominance and ethics (Merchant, Plumwood, <a href="/wiki/Donna_Haraway" title="Donna Haraway">Donna Haraway</a>) expressed as <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a> (Haraway), spirituality (<a href="/wiki/Starhawk" title="Starhawk">Starhawk</a>), <a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">speciesism</a> (Warren, Gaard), capitalist values that privilege objectification and the importance of <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> in these contexts (Gaard). The main issues Ecofeminism aims to address revolve around the effects of a "Eurocentric capitalist patriarchal culture built on the domination of nature, and the domination of woman 'as nature'.<sup id="cite_ref-Salleh_1997_12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salleh_1997_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The writer Luke Martell in the <i>Ecology and Society</i> journal writes that 'women' and 'nature' are both victims of patriarchal abuse and "ideological products of the Enlightenment culture of control."<sup id="cite_ref-Salleh_1997_12_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salleh_1997_12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ecofeminism argues that we must become a part of nature, living with and among it. We must recognize that nature is alive and breathing and work against the passivity surrounding it that is synonymous with the passive roles enforced upon women by patriarchal culture, politics, and capitalism.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ecofeminist art is an art form that showcases the intersectionality that is present among gender, environmentalism, and social justice. It grabs ideas and concepts from the original term "ecofeminism" which was created to highlight the parallels between the historic oppression and exploitation of both women and the environment. This style of art can be presented in many different mediums including performance art, original literature pieces, and visual art displays. In simpler terms, ecofeminist artwork is environmental art that has been created by a woman who values gender equality and stronger representation of nature. </p><p>The relevance of Ecofeminism was discussed in feminist art programs at the college and university level, including at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Social_Ecology" title="Institute for Social Ecology">Institute for Social Ecology</a> at <a href="/wiki/Goddard_College" title="Goddard College">Goddard College</a>, Vermont. In the United States, as far back as 1962, an overwhelming series of lawsuits against the corporate world came from the kitchens of mothers and grandmothers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964, Brazilian women set up the <i>Acào Democràtica Feminina Gaucha</i> which soon evolved into an advocacy group for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable agriculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women around the world were coming together in an effort to break the "continuum of Eurocentric patriarchal capitalist <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_of_natural_resources" title="Exploitation of natural resources">exploitation of natural resources</a>, women, and of indigenous peoples."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="2817" /></a><figcaption><i>Earth Ambulance</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hel%C3%A8ne_Aylon" title="Helène Aylon">Helène Aylon</a> (1982 - 1992)</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The work of ecofeminist writers helped inspire many early male and female practitioners in the ecological art movement to imitate their concerns about a more horizontal relationship to environmental functions in their own practices. The feminist art writer <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Lippard" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucy Lippard">Lucy Lippard</a>, writing for the <i>Weather Report Show</i> she curated, which included many ecological artists and some ecofeminist artists from the list below (2007 Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art), commented on how many of those artists were women.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of these women mentioned is Agnes Denes, who is an ecofeminist artist who is most well known for her piece, "Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan" from the year 1982. This piece is a collection of photos taken in and around a 2-acre wheat field that was planted, maintained, and later harvested for the last time by the artist herself in lower Manhattan, New York just two blocks from Wall Street. Denes planted the wheat field in the middle of a landfill that would soon become Battery Park City, set along the Hudson River. Her intention of this project was to draw attention to issues of ecological concern such as the clearing of land for more housing, leading to more complex issues of food insecurity and world hunger. The city of Manhattan began construction in the area following the artists' final harvest in August of 1982; Building high rise apartment buildings on top of the landfill to provide housing for the growing population of future residents living in New York City. In the time period this project was being created, wheat fields and the agriculture industry as a whole were seen by society as a symbol of economic success, representing an abundance of food and introducing global trade and commerce. Agnes Denes created this piece to depict the idea that even the most successful urban system could not exist or be maintained without traditional agriculture, emphasizing the importance of calling attention to our 'misplaced priorities' in society. </p><p>Authors who have written about ecofeminist artists most prominently include <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Feman_Orenstein" title="Gloria Feman Orenstein">Gloria Feman Orenstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orenstein_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orenstein-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Women's Environmental Art Directory</i> (<i>WEAD</i>) is a compendium of women who self-identify as environmental artists, initiated by <a href="/wiki/Jo_Hanson" title="Jo Hanson">Jo Hanson</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Leibovitz_Steinman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Leibovitz Steinman (page does not exist)">Susan Leibovitz Steinman</a> in the 1990s, to credit women artists who might not otherwise be recognized by the mainstream art world. In addition to artists, some curators were influenced by ecofeminist thinking, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy_Lipton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy Lipton (page does not exist)">Amy Lipton</a>, co-curator of ecoartspace<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Tricia Watts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_prominent_ecofeminist_artists">List of prominent ecofeminist artists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of prominent ecofeminist artists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 31em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helene_Aylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Helene Aylon">Helene Aylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Beaumont" title="Betty Beaumont">Betty Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Brookner" title="Jackie Brookner">Jackie Brookner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Damon" title="Betsy Damon">Betsy Damon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Denes" title="Agnes Denes">Agnes Denes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Beth_Edelson" title="Mary Beth Edelson">Mary Beth Edelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Feigenbaum" title="Harriet Feigenbaum">Harriet Feigenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Henes" title="Donna Henes">Donna Henes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Johanson" title="Patricia Johanson">Patricia Johanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Hanson" title="Jo Hanson">Jo Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Cecilia Vicuña">Cecilia Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Jeremijenko" title="Natalie Jeremijenko">Natalie Jeremijenko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Andree_Laramee" title="Eve Andree Laramee">Eve Andree Laramee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stacy_Levy" title="Stacy Levy">Stacy Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenore_Malen" title="Lenore Malen">Lenore Malen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Mattingly" title="Mary Mattingly">Mary Mattingly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Mendieta" title="Ana Mendieta">Ana Mendieta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_Mosher" title="Eve Mosher">Eve Mosher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Naidus" title="Beverly Naidus">Beverly Naidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviva_Rahmani" title="Aviva Rahmani">Aviva Rahmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Rosenthal" title="Rachel Rosenthal">Rachel Rosenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mierle_Laderman_Ukeles" title="Mierle Laderman Ukeles">Mierle Laderman Ukeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Wilding" title="Faith Wilding">Faith Wilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Weintraub" title="Linda Weintraub">Linda Weintraub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shai_Zakai" title="Shai Zakai">Shai Zakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lily_Reeves" class="mw-redirect" title="Lily Reeves">Lily Reeves</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecovention" title="Ecovention">Ecovention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Hay, P. (2002). ECOFEMINISM. In <i>A Companion to Environmental Thought</i> (pp. 72–93). Edinburgh University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcr9jk.6">http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcr9jk.6</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style></p><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salleh_1997_12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Salleh_1997_12_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salleh_1997_12_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSalleh1997" class="citation book cs1">Salleh, Ariel (1997). <i>Ecofeminism as Politics: Nature, Marx, and the Postmodern</i>. London: Zed Books Ltd. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1856493997" title="Special:BookSources/1856493997"><bdi>1856493997</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecofeminism+as+Politics%3A+Nature%2C+Marx%2C+and+the+Postmodern&rft.place=London&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Zed+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1856493997&rft.aulast=Salleh&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJennifer2011" class="citation book cs1">Jennifer, Munroe (2011). <i>Ecofeminist Approaches to Early Modernity</i>. Laroche, Rebecca. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781137001900" title="Special:BookSources/9781137001900"><bdi>9781137001900</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/767502886">767502886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecofeminist+Approaches+to+Early+Modernity.&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F767502886&rft.isbn=9781137001900&rft.aulast=Jennifer&rft.aufirst=Munroe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lucy, Lippard Weather Report 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrensteinDiamond1990" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Feman_Orenstein" title="Gloria Feman Orenstein">Orenstein, Gloria Feman</a>; Diamond, Irene (1990), <i>Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism</i>, San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87156-694-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87156-694-X"><bdi>0-87156-694-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reweaving+the+World%3A+The+Emergence+of+Ecofeminism&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Sierra+Club+Books&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-87156-694-X&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=Gloria+Feman&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Irene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orenstein-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orenstein_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOrenstein2003" class="citation journal cs1">Orenstein, Gloria Feman (Spring 2003). "The Greening of Gaia: Ecofeminist Artists Revisit the Garden". <i>Ethics & the Environment</i>. <b>8</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Feen.2003.0009">10.1353/een.2003.0009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143338024">143338024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethics+%26+the+Environment&rft.atitle=The+Greening+of+Gaia%3A+Ecofeminist+Artists+Revisit+the+Garden&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E111&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Feen.2003.0009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143338024%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Orenstein&rft.aufirst=Gloria+Feman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWildy2011" class="citation journal cs1">Wildy, Jade (17 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227144603/http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html">"Progressions in Ecofeminist Art: The Changing Focus of Women in Environmental Art"</a>. <i>Cultura21</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html">the original</a> on 27 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultura21&rft.atitle=Progressions+in+Ecofeminist+Art%3A+The+Changing+Focus+of+Women+in+Environmental+Art&rft.date=2011-07-17&rft.aulast=Wildy&rft.aufirst=Jade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmagazin.cultura21.de%2Fpiazza%2Fenglish%2Fbetween-art-and-science.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liptonarts.com/ecoart">"ecoartspace - LiptonArts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ecoartspace+-+LiptonArts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liptonarts.com%2Fecoart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEcofeminist+art" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html"><i>Progressions in Ecofeminist Art: The Changing Focus of Women in Environmental Art</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140227144603/http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html">Archived</a> 2014-02-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jade Wildy.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&oldid=1277661621">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecofeminist_art&oldid=1277661621</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Contemporary_art" title="Category:Contemporary art">Contemporary art</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ecofeminists" title="Category:Ecofeminists">Ecofeminists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_women_writers" title="Category:Lists of women writers">Lists of women writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism-related_lists" title="Category:Feminism-related lists">Feminism-related lists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 February 2025, at 23:45<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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