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cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Science_fiction_weapons&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction weapons">Science fiction weapons</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>Strange and exotic weapons are a recurring feature in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>. In some cases, <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons</a> first introduced in science fiction have been made a reality; other science-fiction weapons remain purely fictional, and are often beyond the realms of known physical possibility. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazing_stories_194401.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Amazing_stories_194401.jpg/220px-Amazing_stories_194401.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Amazing_stories_194401.jpg/330px-Amazing_stories_194401.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Amazing_stories_194401.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="553"></a><figcaption>Fictional <a href="/wiki/Raygun" title="Raygun">rayguns</a> are often depicted in science fiction.</figcaption></figure> <p>At its most prosaic, science fiction features an endless variety of <a href="/wiki/Sidearm_(weapon)" title="Sidearm (weapon)">sidearms</a>—mostly variations on real weapons such as <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">swords</a>. Among the best-known of these are the <a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_Star_Trek#Phasers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of weapons in Star Trek">phaser</a>—used in the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> television series, films, and novels—and the <a href="/wiki/Lightsaber" title="Lightsaber">lightsaber</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Star_Wars_weapons#Personal_ranged" title="List of Star Wars weapons">blaster</a>—featured in <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> movies, comics, novels, and TV shows. </p><p>Besides adding action and entertainment value, weaponry in science fiction sometimes touches on deeper concerns and becomes a <a href="/wiki/Theme_(literary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme (literary)">theme</a>, often motivated by contemporary issues. One example is science fiction that deals with <a href="/wiki/Weapons_of_mass_destruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapons of mass destruction">weapons of mass destruction</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#In_early_science_fiction"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">In early science fiction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Lasers_and_particle_beams"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Lasers and particle beams</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Plasma_weaponry"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Plasma weaponry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Weapons_of_mass_destruction"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Weapons of mass destruction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Cyberwarfare_and_cyberweapons"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Cyberwarfare and cyberweapons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#War_on_the_mind"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">War on the mind</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Parallels_between_science-fiction_and_real-world_weapons"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Parallels between science-fiction and real-world weapons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="In_early_science_fiction">In early science fiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In early science fiction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Weapons of early science-fiction novels were usually bigger and better versions of conventional weapons, effectively more advanced methods of delivering explosives to a target. Examples of such weapons include <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s "fulgurator" and the "glass arrow" of the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Villiers_de_l%27Isle-Adam" title="Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam">Comte de Villiers de l'Isle-Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stableford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stableford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A classic science-fiction weapon, particularly in British and American science-fiction novels and films, is the <a href="/wiki/Raygun" title="Raygun">raygun</a>. A very early example of a raygun is the <a href="/wiki/Heat-Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Heat-Ray">Heat-Ray</a> featured in <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Worlds" title="The War of the Worlds">The War of the Worlds</a></i> (1898).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Van_Riper_46_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_46-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The discovery of <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactivity</a> in the last years of the 19th century led to an increase in the popularity of this family of weapons, with numerous examples in the early 20th century, such as the disintegrator rays of <a href="/wiki/George_Griffith" title="George Griffith">George Griffith</a>'s future-war novel <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lord_of_Labour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lord of Labour (page does not exist)">The Lord of Labour</a></i> (1911).<sup id="cite_ref-stableford_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stableford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early science-fiction film often showed raygun beams giving off bright light and loud noise like <a href="/wiki/Lightning" title="Lightning">lightning</a> or large <a href="/wiki/Electric_arc" title="Electric arc">electric arcs</a>. </p><p>Wells also prefigured modern armored warfare with his description of <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> in his 1903 short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Land_Ironclads" title="The Land Ironclads">The Land Ironclads</a>", and aerial warfare in his 1907 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_in_the_Air" title="The War in the Air">The War in the Air</a></i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Lasers_and_particle_beams">Lasers and particle beams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lasers and particle beams" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amazing_stories_193909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amazing_stories_193909.jpg/220px-Amazing_stories_193909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="549"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amazing_stories_193909.jpg/220px-Amazing_stories_193909.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Amazing_stories_193909.jpg/330px-Amazing_stories_193909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Amazing_stories_193909.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A laser tank weapon in a 1939 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Stories" title="Amazing Stories">Amazing Stories</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> envisaged <a href="/wiki/Particle_beam_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Particle beam weapon">particle beam weapons</a> in his 1955 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Earthlight" title="Earthlight">Earthlight</a></i>, in which energy would be delivered by high-velocity beams of matter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> in 1960, it briefly became the death ray of choice for science-fiction writers. For instance, characters in the <i>Star Trek</i> pilot episode <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cage_(Star_Trek:_The_Original_Series)" title="The Cage (Star Trek: The Original Series)">The Cage</a></i> (1964) and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Lost_in_Space" title="Lost in Space">Lost in Space</a></i> TV series (1965–1968) carried handheld laser weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-Van_Riper_45_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Van_Riper_45-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the late 1960s and 1970s, as the laser's limits as a weapon became evident, the raygun began to be replaced by similar weapons with names that better reflected the destructive capabilities of the device. These names ranged from the generic "<a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_pulse_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional pulse rifles">pulse rifle</a>" to series-specific weapons, such as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_in_Star_Trek#Phasers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of weapons in Star Trek">phasers</a> from <i>Star Trek</i>. According to <i>The Making of Star Trek</i>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Roddenberry" title="Gene Roddenberry">Gene Roddenberry</a> claimed that production staff realized that using laser technology would cause problems in the future as people came to understand what lasers could and could not do; this resulted in the move to phasers on-screen, while letting lasers be known as a more primitive weapon style. </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a></i> franchise, a human faction known as the Imperial Guard has a "lasgun", which is described as being a handheld laser weapon, as their main weapon, and larger cannon versions being mounted onto tanks and being carried around by Space Marines. The elf-like <a href="/wiki/Aeldari" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeldari">Aeldari</a>, meanwhile, have a special unit called the Swooping Hawks equipped with a "lasblaster". </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer" title="Command & Conquer">Command & Conquer</a></i> video game series, various factions make extensive use of laser and particle-beam technology. The most notable are Allied units Prism Tank from <i><a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer:_Red_Alert_2" title="Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2">Red Alert 2</a></i> and Athena Cannon from <i><a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer:_Red_Alert_3" title="Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3">Red Alert 3</a></i>, the Nod's Avatar and Obelisk of Light from <i><a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer_3:_Tiberium_Wars" title="Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars">Tiberium Wars</a></i>, as well as various units from <i><a href="/wiki/Command_%26_Conquer:_Generals" title="Command & Conquer: Generals">Generals</a></i> constructed by USA faction, including their "superweapon" particle cannon. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Plasma_weaponry">Plasma weaponry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plasma weaponry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Directed-energy_weapon#Plasma" title="Directed-energy weapon">Directed-energy weapon § Plasma</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Weapons using <a href="/wiki/Plasma_(physics)" title="Plasma (physics)">plasma</a> (high-energy ionized gas) have been featured in a number of fictional universes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Weapons_of_mass_destruction">Weapons of mass destruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Weapons of mass destruction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">Nuclear weapons</a> are a staple element in science-fiction novels. The phrase "atomic bomb" predates their existence, and dates back to <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Set_Free" title="The World Set Free">The World Set Free</a></i> (1914), when scientists had discovered that radioactive decay implied potentially limitless energy locked inside of atomic particles (Wells' atomic bombs were only as powerful as conventional explosives, but would continue exploding for days on end). <a href="/wiki/Cleve_Cartmill" title="Cleve Cartmill">Cleve Cartmill</a> predicted a chain reaction-type nuclear bomb in his 1944 science-fiction story "<a href="/wiki/Deadline_(science_fiction_story)" title="Deadline (science fiction story)">Deadline</a>", which led to the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> investigating him, due to concern over a potential breach of security on the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Radiological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiological weapon">radiological</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">biological</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">chemical</a> weapons is another common theme in science fiction. In the aftermath of World War I, the use of chemical weapons, particularly poison gas, was a major worry, and was often employed in the science fiction of this period, for example Neil Bell's <i>The Gas War of 1940</i> (1931).<sup id="cite_ref-stableford_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stableford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s 1940 story "<a href="/wiki/Solution_Unsatisfactory" title="Solution Unsatisfactory">Solution Unsatisfactory</a>" posits <a href="/wiki/Radiological_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiological weapon">radioactive dust</a> as a weapon that the US develops in a crash program to end World War II; the dust's existence forces drastic changes in the postwar world. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dalek_Invasion_of_Earth" title="The Dalek Invasion of Earth">The Dalek Invasion of Earth</a></i>, set in the 22nd century, <a href="/wiki/Dalek" title="Dalek">Daleks</a> are claimed to have invaded Earth after it was bombarded with meteorites and a plague wiped out entire continents. </p><p>A subgenre of science fiction, <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">postapocalyptic fiction</a>, uses the aftermath of nuclear or biological warfare as its setting. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Death_Star" title="Death Star">The Death Star</a> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> equivalent to a weapon of mass destruction, and as such, might be the most well-known weapon of mass destruction in science fiction. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cyberwarfare_and_cyberweapons">Cyberwarfare and cyberweapons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cyberwarfare and cyberweapons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>The idea of <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">cyberwarfare</a>, in which wars are fought within the structures of communication systems and computers using software and information as weapons, was first explored by science fiction. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Brunner_(novelist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brunner (novelist)">John Brunner</a>'s 1975 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shockwave_Rider" title="The Shockwave Rider">The Shockwave Rider</a></i> is notable for coining the word "<a href="/wiki/Computer_worm" title="Computer worm">worm</a>" to describe a computer program that propagates itself through a <a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer network</a>, used as a weapon in the novel.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ClassicSci-FiReviews_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ClassicSci-FiReviews-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i> coined the phrase <a href="/wiki/Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">cyberspace</a>, a virtual battleground in which battles are fought using software weapons and counterweapons. The <i>Star Trek</i> episode "<a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Armageddon" title="A Taste of Armageddon">A Taste of Armageddon</a>" is another notable example. </p><p>Certain <a href="/wiki/Dale_Brown" title="Dale Brown">Dale Brown</a> novels place cyberweapons in different roles. The first is the "netrusion" technology used by the U.S. Air Force. It sends corrupt data to oncoming missiles to shut them down, as well as hostile aircraft by giving them a "shutdown" order in which the systems turn off one by one. It is also used to send false messages to hostiles, to place the tide of battle in the favor of America. The technology is later reverse-engineered by the Russian Federation to shut down American antiballistic missile satellites from a tracking station at Socotra Island, Yemen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyberwarfare</a> has moved from a theoretical idea to something that is now seriously considered as a threat by modern states. </p><p>In a similar but unrelated series of incidents involved various groups of hackers from India and Pakistan who hacked and defaced several websites of companies and government organizations based in each other's country. The actions were committed by various groups based in both countries, but not known to be affiliated with the governments of India or Pakistan. The cyber wars are believed to have begun in 2008 following the Mumbai attacks believed to be by a group of Indian cyber groups hacking into Pakistani websites. Hours after the cyber attacks, a number of Indian websites (both government and private) were attacked by groups of Pakistani hackers, claiming to be retaliation for Indian attacks on Pakistani websites.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The back and forth attacks have persisted on occasions since then.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="War_on_the_mind">War on the mind</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: War on the mind" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Themes of <a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">brainwashing</a>, conditioning, <a href="/wiki/Memory-erasing" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory-erasing">memory-erasing</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">mind-control</a> methods as weapons of war feature in much science fiction of the late 1950s and 1960s, paralleling the contemporary panic about communist brainwashing, existence of <a href="/wiki/Sleeper_agent" title="Sleeper agent">sleeper agents</a>, and the real-world attempts of governments in programs such as <a href="/wiki/Project_MKULTRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Project MKULTRA">MK-ULTRA</a> to make such things real. </p><p><a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">David Langford</a>'s short story "<a href="/wiki/BLIT_(short_story)" title="BLIT (short story)">BLIT</a>" (1988) posits the existence of images (called "basilisks") that are destructive to the human brain, which are used as weapons of terror by posting copies of them in areas where they are likely to be seen by the intended victims. Langford revisited the idea in a fictional <a href="/wiki/FAQ" title="FAQ">FAQ</a> on the images, published by the science journal <i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i> in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Neuralyzer" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuralyzer">neuralyzer</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Men_in_Black_(franchise)" title="Men in Black (franchise)"><i>Men in Black</i> films</a> are compact objects that can erase and modify the short-term memories of witnesses by the means of a brief flash of light, ensuring that no one remembers encountering either aliens or the agents themselves. </p><p>The TV series <a href="/wiki/Dollhouse_(TV_series)" title="Dollhouse (TV series)"><i>Dollhouse</i></a> (2009) features technology that can "mindwipe" people (transforming them into "actives", or "dolls") and replace their inherent personalities with another one, either "real" (from another actual person's mind), fabricated (for example, a soldier trained in many styles of combat and weaponry, or unable to feel pain), or a mixture of both. In a future timeline of the series, the technology has been devised into a mass weapon, able to "remote wipe" anyone and replace them with any personality. A war erupts between those controlling actives, and "actuals" (a term to describe those still retaining their original personas). An offshoot technology allows actual people to upload upgrades to their personas (such as fighting or language skills), similar to the process seen in <a href="/wiki/The_Matrix_(franchise)" title="The Matrix (franchise)"><i>The Matrix</i></a>, albeit for only one skill at a time. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Parallels_between_science-fiction_and_real-world_weapons">Parallels between science-fiction and real-world weapons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parallels between science-fiction and real-world weapons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Some new forms of real-world weaponry resemble weapons previously envisaged in science fiction. The early 1980s-era <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a>, a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic <a href="/wiki/Strategic_nuclear_weapon" title="Strategic nuclear weapon">strategic nuclear weapons</a> (<a href="/wiki/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile" title="Intercontinental ballistic missile">Intercontinental ballistic missiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Submarine-launched_ballistic_missile" title="Submarine-launched ballistic missile">submarine-launched ballistic missiles</a>), gained the popular name "Star Wars" after the popular franchise created by <a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In some cases, the influence of science fiction on weapons programs has been specifically acknowledged. In 2007, science-fiction author <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Easton" title="Thomas Easton">Thomas Easton</a> was invited to address engineers working on a <a href="/wiki/DARPA" title="DARPA">DARPA</a> program to create weaponized <a href="/wiki/Cyborg" title="Cyborg">cyborg</a> insects, as envisaged in his novel <i>Sparrowhawk</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Active research on powered exoskeletons for military use has a long history, beginning with the abortive 1960s <a href="/wiki/Hardiman" title="Hardiman">Hardiman</a> powered exoskeleton project at <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continuing into the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The borrowing between fiction and reality has worked both ways, with the <a href="/wiki/Powered_exoskeletons_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Powered exoskeletons in fiction">power loader</a> from the film <i><a href="/wiki/Aliens_(film)" title="Aliens (film)">Aliens</a></i> resembling the prototypes of the Hardiman system.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>American military research on high-power laser weapons started in the 1960s, and has continued to the present day,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the U.S. Army planning, as of 2008, the deployment of practical battlefield laser weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lower-powered lasers are currently used for military purposes as <a href="/wiki/Laser_designator" title="Laser designator">laser target designators</a> and for <a href="/wiki/Laser_rangefinder#Military" title="Laser rangefinder">military rangefinding</a>. Laser weapons intended to blind combatants have also been developed, but are currently banned by the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Blinding_Laser_Weapons" title="Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons">Protocol on Blinding Laser Weapons</a>, although low-power versions designed to dazzle rather than blind have been developed experimentally. Gun-mounted lasers have also been used as psychological weapons, to let opponents know that they have been targeted to encourage them to hide or flee without having to actually open fire on them.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-stableford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stableford_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stableford_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stableford_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStableford2006" class="citation book cs1">Stableford, Brian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencefactscien0000stab/page/563"><i>Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia</i></a>. 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London: The Independent on Sunday<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meet+the+army%27s+newest+recruit&rft.date=2001-08-03&rft.aulast=Dyer&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience%2Fmeet-the-armys-newest-recruit-664324.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRincon2007" class="citation news cs1">Rincon, Paul (February 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6380789.stm">"Record power for military laser"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Record+power+for+military+laser&rft.date=2007-02-22&rft.aulast=Rincon&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F6380789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.wired.com/defense/2008/08/army-moves-ahea.html">"Army Moves Ahead With Mobile Laser Cannon"</a>. <i>Wired</i>. August 19, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Army+Moves+Ahead+With+Mobile+Laser+Cannon&rft.date=2008-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.wired.com%2Fdefense%2F2008%2F08%2Farmy-moves-ahea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8275">"US military sets laser PHASRs to stun"</a>. New Scientist. November 7, 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+military+sets+laser+PHASRs+to+stun&rft.pub=New+Scientist&rft.date=2005-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fdn8275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=683">"New Laser Technologies for Infantry Warfare, Counterinsurgency Ops, and LE Apps"</a>. defensereview.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 17,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Laser+Technologies+for+Infantry+Warfare%2C+Counterinsurgency+Ops%2C+and+LE+Apps&rft.pub=defensereview.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensereview.com%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DNews%26file%3Darticle%26sid%3D683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li>David Seed. <i>American Science Fiction and the Cold War: literature and film</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85331-227-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85331-227-4">1-85331-227-4</a></li> <li>John Hamilton. <i>Weapons of Science Fiction</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59679-997-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59679-997-8">1-59679-997-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2022" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Westfahl, Gary</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q7WREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">"Weapons—Fifty Ways to Kill Your Lover: The Weapons of Science Fiction"</a>. <i>The Stuff of Science Fiction: Hardware, Settings, Characters</i>. McFarland. pp. 11–21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-8659-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-8659-2"><bdi>978-1-4766-8659-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Weapons%E2%80%94Fifty+Ways+to+Kill+Your+Lover%3A+The+Weapons+of+Science+Fiction&rft.btitle=The+Stuff+of+Science+Fiction%3A+Hardware%2C+Settings%2C+Characters&rft.pages=11-21&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-8659-2&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq7WREAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStablefordLangford2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/weapons">"Weapons"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a></i> (4th ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Weapons&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Langford%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fweapons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+in+science+fiction" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_in_science_fiction&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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