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Cimabue - Wikipedia

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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Dante&#039;s_Divine_Comedy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Dante&#039;s_Divine_Comedy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Dante&#039;s_Divine_Comedy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Market" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Market"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Market</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Market-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>List of works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cimabue</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="تشيمابو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشيمابو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Чымабуэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чымабуэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Чымабуэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чымабуэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Чимабуе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чимабуе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Cimabue" title="Giovanni Cimabue – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Giovanni Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B5" title="Τσιμαμπούε – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσιμαμπούε" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%87" title="چیمابوئه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چیمابوئه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EB%A7%88%EB%B6%80%EC%97%90" title="치마부에 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치마부에" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5" title="Չիմաբուե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չիմաբուե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="צ&#039;ימבואה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ&#039;ימבואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cimabue" title="Čimabue – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Čimabue" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88" title="تشيمابو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشيمابو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%9E%E3%83%96%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A8" title="チマブーエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チマブーエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%8D" title="Чимабуэ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чимабуэ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabui" title="Cimabui – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cimabui" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B5" title="Чимабуе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Чимабуе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimabue" title="Cimabue – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cimabue" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian artist (1240–1302)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_di_Santa_Trinita_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="3596" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita_Maest%C3%A0" title="Santa Trinita Maestà">Santa Trinita Maestà</a></i>, 1280–1285, <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi Gallery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Giovanni Cimabue</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">&#91;tʃimaˈbuːe&#93;</a></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1240</span> – 1302,<sup id="cite_ref-vas_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a> painter and designer of <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. He was also known as <b>Cenni di Pepo</b><sup id="cite_ref-Clarke_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clarke-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or <b>Cenni di Pepi.</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although heavily influenced by Byzantine models, Cimabue is generally regarded as one of the first great Italian painters to break from the <a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Compared with the norms of <a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">medieval art</a>, his works have more lifelike figural proportions and a more sophisticated use of shading to suggest volume. According to Italian painter and historian <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>, Cimabue was the teacher of <a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-vas_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vas-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the first great artist of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a>. However, many scholars today tend to discount Vasari's claim by citing earlier sources that suggest otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_(attr.),_tavola_di_san_francesco,_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg/170px-Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="507" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg/255px-Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg/340px-Cimabue_%28attr.%29%2C_tavola_di_san_francesco%2C_museo_della_porziuncola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="4436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis of Assisi">St. Francis of Assisi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Little is known about Cimabue's early life. One source that recounts his career is Vasari's <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Most_Excellent_Painters,_Sculptors,_and_Architects" title="Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects">Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects</a></i>, but its accuracy is uncertain. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg/300px-San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg/450px-San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg/600px-San_Francesco_Cimabue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Fresco in the Lower Basilica of Assisi</figcaption></figure> <p>He was born in Florence and died in <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>. Hayden Maginnis speculates that he could have trained in Florence under masters who were culturally connected to <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine art</a>. The art historian <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Toesca" title="Pietro Toesca">Pietro Toesca</a> attributed the <i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Arezzo)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo)">Crucifixion</a></i> in the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Arezzo" title="San Domenico, Arezzo">San Domenico</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a> to Cimabue, dating around 1270, making it the earliest known attributed work that departs from the Byzantine style.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cimabue's Christ is bent, and the clothes have the golden striations that were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Coppo_di_Marcovaldo" title="Coppo di Marcovaldo">Coppo di Marcovaldo</a>. </p><p>Around 1272, Cimabue is documented as being present in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and a little later he made another <i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">Crucifix</a></i> for the Florentine church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce,_Florence" title="Santa Croce, Florence">Santa Croce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Now restored, having been damaged by the <a href="/wiki/1966_Arno_River_flood" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Arno River flood">1966 Arno River flood</a>, the work was larger and more advanced than the one in <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, with traces of naturalism perhaps inspired by the works of <a href="/wiki/Nicola_Pisano" title="Nicola Pisano">Nicola Pisano</a>. </p><p>According to Vasari, Cimabue, while travelling from Florence to Vespignano, came upon the 10-year-old Giotto (c.&#160;1277) drawing his sheep with a rough rock upon a smooth stone. He asked if Giotto would like to come and stay with him, which the child accepted with his father's permission.<sup id="cite_ref-World_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vasari elaborates that during Giotto's apprenticeship, he allegedly painted a fly on the nose of a portrait Cimabue was working on; the teacher attempted to sweep the fly away several times before he understood his pupil's prank.<sup id="cite_ref-World_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many scholars now discount Vasari's claim that he took Giotto as his pupil, citing earlier sources that suggest otherwise.<sup id="cite_ref-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 1280, Cimabue painted the <i><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Cimabue)" title="Maestà (Cimabue)">Maestà</a></i>, originally displayed in the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Francesco,_Pisa" title="San Francesco, Pisa">San Francesco</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, but now at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This work established a style that was followed subsequently by numerous artists, including <a href="/wiki/Duccio_di_Buoninsegna" class="mw-redirect" title="Duccio di Buoninsegna">Duccio di Buoninsegna</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Rucellai_Madonna" title="Rucellai Madonna">Rucellai Madonna</a></i> (in the past, wrongly attributed to Cimabue) as well as Giotto. Other works from the period, which were said to have heavily influenced Giotto, include a <i><a href="/wiki/Flagellation_of_Christ" title="Flagellation of Christ">Flagellation</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mosaics for the <a href="/wiki/Baptistery_of_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptistery of Florence">Baptistery of Florence</a> (now largely restored), the <i>Maestà</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_dei_Servi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi">Santa Maria dei Servi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and the <i>Madonna</i> in the Pinacoteca of <a href="/wiki/Castelfiorentino" title="Castelfiorentino">Castelfiorentino</a>. A workshop painting, perhaps assignable to a slightly later period, is the <i>Maestà with Saints Francis and Dominic</i> now in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Pontificate" title="Pontificate">pontificate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan Order">Franciscan</a> pope,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cimabue worked in <a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At Assisi, in the <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a> of the Lower <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_San_Francesco_di_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di San Francesco di Assisi">Basilica of San Francesco</a>, he created a <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">fresco</a> named <i>Madonna with Child Enthroned, Four Angels and St Francis</i>. The left portion of this fresco is lost, but it may have shown <a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">St Anthony of Padua</a> (the authorship of the painting has been recently disputed for technical and stylistic reasons).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cimabue was subsequently commissioned to decorate the <a href="/wiki/Apse" title="Apse">apse</a> and the transept of the Upper Basilica of Assisi, in the same period of time that Roman artists were decorating the <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">nave</a>. The cycle he created there comprises scenes from the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a>, the lives of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">the Virgin Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">St Peter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">St Paul</a>. The paintings are now in poor condition because of oxidation of the brighter colours that were used by the artist. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_025.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cimabue_025.jpg/250px-Cimabue_025.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cimabue_025.jpg/375px-Cimabue_025.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cimabue_025.jpg/500px-Cimabue_025.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">Crucifix</a></i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">, <i>1287–1288</i></a>, Panel, 448&#160;cm ×&#160;390&#160;cm (176.4&#160;in ×&#160;153.5&#160;in), <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce_di_Firenze" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze">Basilica di Santa Croce</a>, Florence</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita_Maest%C3%A0" title="Santa Trinita Maestà">Maestà of Santa Trinita</a></i>, dated to c. 1290–1300, which was originally painted for the church of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita,_Florence" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Trinita, Florence">Santa Trinita</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, is now in the <a href="/wiki/Uffizi_Gallery" class="mw-redirect" title="Uffizi Gallery">Uffizi Gallery</a>. The softer expression of the characters suggests that it was influenced by Giotto, who was by then already active as a painter.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cimabue spent the last period of his life, 1301 to 1302, in Pisa. There, he was commissioned to finish a mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Christ_enthroned_with_the_Virgin_and_St_John" title="Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John">Christ Enthroned</a>, originally begun by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maestro_Francesco&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maestro Francesco (page does not exist)">Maestro Francesco</a>, in the apse of the <a href="/wiki/Pisa_Cathedral" title="Pisa Cathedral">city's cathedral</a>. Cimabue was to create the part of the mosaic depicting St <a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John the Evangelist</a>, which remains the sole surviving work documented as being by the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cimabue died around 1302.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character">Character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Vasari, quoting a contemporary of Cimabue, "Cimabue of Florence was a painter who lived during the author's own time, a nobler man than anyone knew but he was as a result so haughty and proud that if someone pointed out to him any mistake or defect in his work, or if he had noted any himself... he would immediately destroy the work, no matter how precious it might be."<sup id="cite_ref-GV_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GV-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nickname Cimabue translates as "bull-head" but also possibly as "one who crushes the views of others", from the Italian verb <i>cimare</i>, meaning "to top", "to shear", and "to blunt". The conclusion for the second meaning is drawn from similar commentaries on Dante, who was also known "for being contemptuous of criticism".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>History has long regarded Cimabue as the last of an era that was overshadowed by the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>. As early as 1543, Vasari wrote of Cimabue, "Cimabue was, in one sense, the principal cause of the renewal of painting," with the qualification that, "Giotto truly eclipsed Cimabue's fame just as a great light eclipses a much smaller one."<sup id="cite_ref-GV_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GV-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Dante's_Divine_Comedy"><span id="In_Dante.27s_Divine_Comedy"></span>In Dante's <i>Divine Comedy</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: In Dante&#039;s Divine Comedy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Canto XI of his <i><a href="/wiki/Purgatorio" title="Purgatorio">Purgatorio</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> laments the quick loss of public interest in Cimabue in the face of Giotto's revolution in art.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cimabue himself does not appear in <i>Purgatorio</i>, but is mentioned by Oderisi, who is also repenting for his pride. The artist serves to represent the fleeting nature of fame in contrast with the Enduring God.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>O vanity of human powers,<br /> how briefly lasts the crowning green of glory,<br /> unless an age of darkness follows!<br /> In painting Cimabue thought he held the field<br /> but now it's Giotto has the cry,<br /> so that the other's fame is dimmed. </p> </div><p><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Market">Market</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Market"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 October 2019, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mocking_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)">The Mocking of Christ</a></i>, was sold for €24m (£20m; $26.6m), a price the auctioneers described as a new world record for a medieval painting. The picture had been located in the kitchen of a home in northern France, and its owner had been unaware of its value.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around a dozen works are securely attributed to Cimabue, with several less secure attributions. None are signed or dated. </p> <ul><li>Crucifixes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)</a>, c. 1265, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Croce" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Croce">Basilica di Santa Croce</a>, Florence</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Arezzo)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo)">Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo)</a>, c. 1267–1271, <a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Arezzo" title="San Domenico, Arezzo">Basilica of San Domenico</a>, Arezzo</li></ul></li> <li>Frescos c.1277–1280 in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a>, Assisi <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_and_Betrothal_of_the_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity and Betrothal of the Virgin">Nativity and Betrothal of the Virgin</a></i></li> <li>Choir, central vault, right transept</li></ul></li> <li>Three surviving panels (of eight) from the <a href="/wiki/Diptych_of_devotion_(Cimabue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diptych of devotion (Cimabue)"><i>Diptych of devotion</i></a>, c.1280 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mocking_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)">The Mocking of Christ</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée du Louvre">Musée du Louvre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child_with_Two_Angels_(Cimabue)" title="Virgin and Child with Two Angels (Cimabue)">Virgin and Child with Two Angels</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Flagellation of Christ (Cimabue)"><i>The Flagellation of Christ</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>, New York</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0" title="Maestà">Maestà</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Virgin and Child">Virgin and Child Enthroned</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Cimabue)" title="Maestà (Cimabue)">Maestà (Cimabue)</a>, c.1280, Pisa, now <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_of_Santa_Maria_dei_Servi" title="Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi">Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi</a>, 1280–1285, <a href="/wiki/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_dei_Servi" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi">Basilica di Santa Maria dei Servi</a>, Bologna</li> <li>? <a href="/wiki/Madonna_di_Castelfiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna di Castelfiorentino">Madonna di Castelfiorentino</a>, c.1283–1284, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Museo_di_Santa_Verdiana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Museo di Santa Verdiana (page does not exist)">Museo di Santa Verdiana</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museo_di_Santa_Verdiana" class="extiw" title="it:Museo di Santa Verdiana">it</a>&#93;</span>, <a href="/wiki/Castelfiorentino" title="Castelfiorentino">Castelfiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita_Maest%C3%A0" title="Santa Trinita Maestà">Santa Trinita</a>, c. 1290–1300, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita" title="Santa Trinita">Santa Trinita</a>, Florence, now <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>, Florence</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_ceiling_of_the_Florence_Baptistery" title="Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery">Mosaic ceiling</a> at <a href="/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Florence Baptistery</a>, c.1300</li> <li>Mosaic of <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_enthroned_with_the_Virgin_and_St_John" title="Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John">Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pisa_Cathedral" title="Pisa Cathedral">Pisa Cathedral</a>, 1301–1302</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20,_2010-Perspective_correction,_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crucifix (c. 1267–1271), San Domenico, Arezzo"><img alt="Crucifix (c. 1267–1271), San Domenico, Arezzo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/162px-CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/243px-CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg/324px-CrocifissoCimabue-Arezzo-Photo_taken_by_Senet._April_20%2C_2010-Perspective_correction%2C_crop_and_blackframe_with_GIMP_by_Paolo_Villa_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5128" data-file-height="6326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Arezzo)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo)">Crucifix</a></i> (c. 1267–1271), <a href="/wiki/San_Domenico,_Arezzo" title="San Domenico, Arezzo">San Domenico</a>, Arezzo</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maestà (c. 1280), Louvre, Paris"><img alt="Maestà (c. 1280), Louvre, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg/130px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg/195px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg/260px-Cimabue_-_Maest%C3%A0_du_Louvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="2747" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Cimabue)" title="Maestà (Cimabue)">Maestà</a></i> (c. 1280), <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hypothetical reconstruction of the Diptych"><img alt="Hypothetical reconstruction of the Diptych" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg/200px-Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg/300px-Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg/400px-Cimabue_Diptych_Overview_FR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hypothetical reconstruction of the Diptych</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue,_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Virgin and Child with Two Angels (c.&#160;1280), National Gallery, London"><img alt="Virgin and Child with Two Angels (c.&#160;1280), National Gallery, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg/160px-Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg/240px-Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg/320px-Cimabue%2C_The_Virgin_and_Child_Enthroned_with_Two_Angels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child_with_Two_Angels_(Cimabue)" title="Virgin and Child with Two Angels (Cimabue)">Virgin and Child with Two Angels</a></i> (c.&#160;1280), <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue) (c. 1280), sold at auction for €24m in 2019"><img alt="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue) (c. 1280), sold at auction for €24m in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg/158px-Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg/237px-Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg/316px-Cimabue_Christ_Mocked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4376" data-file-height="5534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mocking_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)">The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)</a></i> (c. 1280), sold at auction for €24m in 2019</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Flagellation of Christ (c. 1280), Frick Collection, New York"><img alt="The Flagellation of Christ (c. 1280), Frick Collection, New York" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg/159px-Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg/238px-Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg/317px-Cimabue_-_Flagellation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2053" data-file-height="2587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Flagellation of Christ (Cimabue)">The Flagellation of Christ</a></i> (c. 1280), <a href="/wiki/Frick_Collection" title="Frick Collection">Frick Collection</a>, New York</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_dei_Servi,_bo,_interno,_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Attributed to Cimabue, Maestà (c.&#160;1280–1285), Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna"><img alt="Attributed to Cimabue, Maestà (c.&#160;1280–1285), Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG/200px-Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG/300px-Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG/400px-Santa_Maria_dei_Servi%2C_bo%2C_interno%2C_maest%C3%A0_di_cimabue_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Attributed to Cimabue, <i><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_of_Santa_Maria_dei_Servi" title="Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi">Maestà</a></i> (c.&#160;1280–1285), <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_dei_Servi,_Bologna" title="Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna">Santa Maria dei Servi</a>, Bologna</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Castelfiorentino Madonna (c.&#160;1283–1284), Museo di Santa Verdiana, Castelfiorentino"><img alt="Castelfiorentino Madonna (c.&#160;1283–1284), Museo di Santa Verdiana, Castelfiorentino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg/142px-Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg/212px-Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg/283px-Cimabue_madonna_castefliorentino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Castelfiorentino_Madonna" title="Castelfiorentino Madonna">Castelfiorentino Madonna</a></i> (c.&#160;1283–1284), Museo di Santa Verdiana, <a href="/wiki/Castelfiorentino" title="Castelfiorentino">Castelfiorentino</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese,_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Last Supper"><img alt="The Last Supper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg/200px-Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg/300px-Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg/400px-Cerchia_di_cimabue_o_artista_senese%2C_ultima_cena_di_new_orleans_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Last Supper</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child,_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_(detail)_-_WGA04921.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madonna Enthroned with the Child, St Francis and four Angels (detail)"><img alt="Madonna Enthroned with the Child, St Francis and four Angels (detail)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg/164px-Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg/246px-Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg/328px-Cimabue_-_Madonna_Enthroned_with_the_Child%2C_St_Francis_and_four_Angels_%28detail%29_-_WGA04921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Madonna Enthroned with the Child, St Francis and four Angels</i> (detail)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_037.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maestà of Santa Trinita, (detail) Prophet"><img alt="Maestà of Santa Trinita, (detail) Prophet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cimabue_037.jpg/165px-Cimabue_037.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cimabue_037.jpg/247px-Cimabue_037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Cimabue_037.jpg/329px-Cimabue_037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1913" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_of_Santa_Trinita" class="mw-redirect" title="Maestà of Santa Trinita">Maestà of Santa Trinita</a></i>, (detail) <i>Prophet</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_-_Crucifix_(detail)_-_WGA04929.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of the Santa Croce Crucifix showing Apostle John"><img alt="Detail of the Santa Croce Crucifix showing Apostle John" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg/125px-Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg/188px-Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg/251px-Cimabue_-_Crucifix_%28detail%29_-_WGA04929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of the <i><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">Santa Croce Crucifix</a></i> showing Apostle John</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimabue_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail of mosaic Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John showing St. John the Evangelist"><img alt="Detail of mosaic Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John showing St. John the Evangelist" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cimabue_001.jpg/135px-Cimabue_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cimabue_001.jpg/203px-Cimabue_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Cimabue_001.jpg/271px-Cimabue_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2326" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail of mosaic <i><a href="/wiki/Christ_enthroned_with_the_Virgin_and_St_John" title="Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John">Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John</a></i> showing St. John the Evangelist</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amerigo_Lunghi,_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cimabue Self Portrait"><img alt="Cimabue Self Portrait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg/200px-Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg/300px-Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg/400px-Amerigo_Lunghi%2C_piatto_con_ritratto_di_Cimabue_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1901" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cimabue Self Portrait</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/cimabue">"Cimabue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&amp;rft.atitle=Cimabue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcimabue&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vas-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vas_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vas_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiorgio_Vasari" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Vasari" title="Giorgio Vasari">Giorgio Vasari</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Artists" class="mw-redirect" title="Lives of the Artists">Lives of the Artists</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Artists&amp;rft.au=Giorgio+Vasari&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span> Translated with an introduction and notes by J.C. and P Bondanella. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> (Oxford World's Classics), 1991, pp. 7–14. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953719-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-953719-8">978-0-19-953719-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clarke-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clarke_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_F._Clarke1977" class="citation book cs1">Joseph F. Clarke (1977). <i>Pseudonyms</i>. BCA. p.&#160;38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pseudonyms&amp;rft.pages=38&amp;rft.pub=BCA&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.au=Joseph+F.+Clarke&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._A._CroweG._B._Calvalcaselle1975" class="citation book cs1">J. A. Crowe; G. B. Calvalcaselle (1975). <i>A History of Painting in Italy; Umbria, Florence and Siena from the Second to the Sixteenth Century</i>. Vol.&#160;1. AMS Press. p.&#160;202.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Painting+in+Italy%3B+Umbria%2C+Florence+and+Siena+from+the+Second+to+the+Sixteenth+Century&amp;rft.pages=202&amp;rft.pub=AMS+Press&amp;rft.date=1975&amp;rft.au=J.+A.+Crowe&amp;rft.au=G.+B.+Calvalcaselle&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFred_Kleiner2008" class="citation book cs1">Fred Kleiner (2008). <i>Gardner's Art through the Ages: A Global History</i>. Vol.&#160;2. Cengage Learning EMEA. p.&#160;502.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+through+the+Ages%3A+A+Global+History&amp;rft.pages=502&amp;rft.pub=Cengage+Learning+EMEA&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.au=Fred+Kleiner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hayden_B.J._Maginnis_2004_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayden_B.J._Maginnis2004" class="citation book cs1">Hayden B.J. Maginnis (2004). "In Search of an Artist". In Anne Derbes; Mark Sandona (eds.). <i>The Cambridge Companion to Giotto</i>. Cambridge. pp.&#160;12–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=In+Search+of+an+Artist&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Giotto&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pages=12-13&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.au=Hayden+B.J.+Maginnis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaolettiRadke2005" class="citation book cs1">Paoletti, John T.; Radke, Gary M. (2005). <i>Art in Renaissance Italy</i>. Laurence King Publishing. p.&#160;51.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Art+in+Renaissance+Italy&amp;rft.pages=51&amp;rft.pub=Laurence+King+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.aulast=Paoletti&amp;rft.aufirst=John+T.&amp;rft.au=Radke%2C+Gary+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Vechten_BrownRankin1914" class="citation book cs1">Van Vechten Brown, Alice; Rankin, William (1914). <i>A Short History of Italian Painting</i>. J.M. Dent &amp; Sons, ltd. p.&#160;41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Short+History+of+Italian+Painting&amp;rft.pages=41&amp;rft.pub=J.M.+Dent+%26+Sons%2C+ltd.&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rft.aulast=Van+Vechten+Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=Alice&amp;rft.au=Rankin%2C+William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrink1978" class="citation news cs1">Brink, Joel (October 1978). "Carpentry and Symmetry in Cimabue's Santa Croce Crucifix". <i>The Burlington Magazine</i>. Vol.&#160;120, no.&#160;907.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Burlington+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Carpentry+and+Symmetry+in+Cimabue%27s+Santa+Croce+Crucifix&amp;rft.volume=120&amp;rft.issue=907&amp;rft.date=1978-10&amp;rft.aulast=Brink&amp;rft.aufirst=Joel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-World_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-World_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEimerl1967" class="citation book cs1">Eimerl, Sarel (1967). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofgiottoc100eime"><i>The World of Giotto: c. 1267–1337</i></a></span>. et al. Time-Life Books. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofgiottoc100eime/page/82">82</a>, 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900658-15-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-900658-15-0"><bdi>0-900658-15-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+of+Giotto%3A+c.+1267%E2%80%931337&amp;rft.pages=82%2C+85&amp;rft.pub=Time-Life+Books&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.isbn=0-900658-15-0&amp;rft.aulast=Eimerl&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofgiottoc100eime&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwellLevitonPettersen2010" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell, Virginia; Leviton, Alex; Pettersen, Leif (2010). <i>Tuscany &amp; Umbria</i>. 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Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dante+and+the+Franciscans%3A+Poverty+and+the+Papacy+in+the+%27Commedia%27&amp;rft.pages=39&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.aulast=Havely&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2006" class="citation book cs1">Brooke, Rosalind B. (2006). <i>The Image of St. Francis: Responses to Sainthood in the Thirteenth Century</i>. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesofartists0000vasa/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-281754-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-281754-X"><bdi>0-19-281754-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Artists%2C+1550&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-281754-X&amp;rft.aulast=Vasari&amp;rft.aufirst=Giorgio&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesofartists0000vasa%2Fpage%2F13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbs" class="citation web cs1">Gibbs, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T017771?q=cimabue&amp;search=quick&amp;pos=1&amp;_start=1">"Cimabue"</a>. www.oxfordartonline.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cimabue&amp;rft.pub=www.oxfordartonline.com&amp;rft.aulast=Gibbs&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fart%2FT017771%3Fq%3Dcimabue%26search%3Dquick%26pos%3D1%26_start%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAligheri2003" class="citation book cs1">Aligheri, Dante (2003). <i>Purgatorio</i>. Translated by Hollander, Jean; Hollander, Robert. New York: Anchor Books, Random House Inc. p.&#160;245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-49700-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-49700-8"><bdi>0-385-49700-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Purgatorio&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=245&amp;rft.pub=Anchor+Books%2C+Random+House+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-385-49700-8&amp;rft.aulast=Aligheri&amp;rft.aufirst=Dante&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAligheri2003" class="citation book cs1">Aligheri, Dante (2003). <i>Purgatorio</i>. Translated by Hollander, Jean; Hollander, Robert. New York: Anchor Books, Random House. pp.&#160;236–237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-49700-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-49700-8"><bdi>0-385-49700-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Purgatorio&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=236-237&amp;rft.pub=Anchor+Books%2C+Random+House&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-385-49700-8&amp;rft.aulast=Aligheri&amp;rft.aufirst=Dante&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-50201691">"Masterpiece found in French kitchen fetches €24m"</a>. 27 October 2019 &#8211; via www.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Masterpiece+found+in+French+kitchen+fetches+%E2%82%AC24m&amp;rft.date=2019-10-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-50201691&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams2001" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Laurie Schneider (2001). <i>Italian Renaissance Art</i>. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p.&#160;420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-3690-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-3690-2"><bdi>0-8133-3690-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Renaissance+Art&amp;rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colorado&amp;rft.pages=420&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-8133-3690-2&amp;rft.aulast=Adams&amp;rft.aufirst=Laurie+Schneider&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossetti1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Michael_Rossetti" title="William Michael Rossetti">Rossetti, William Michael</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cimabue, Giovanni"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Cimabue,_Giovanni">"Cimabue, Giovanni"&#160;</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol.&#160;6 (11th&#160;ed.). p.&#160;366-367.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cimabue%2C+Giovanni&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.pages=366-367&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rft.aulast=Rossetti&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVasari,_Giorgio1987" class="citation book cs1">Vasari, Giorgio (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesofartists02vasa"><i>Lives of the Artists</i></a></span>. Translated by George Bull. Penguin Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140445008" title="Special:BookSources/9780140445008"><bdi>9780140445008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Artists&amp;rft.pub=Penguin+Classics&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=9780140445008&amp;rft.au=Vasari%2C+Giorgio&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesofartists02vasa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughn,_William2000" class="citation book cs1">Vaughn, William (2000). <i>Encyclopedia of Artists</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-521572-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-521572-9"><bdi>0-19-521572-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Artists&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-521572-9&amp;rft.au=Vaughn%2C+William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cimabue&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cimabue" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cimabue">Cimabue</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-drawing.ru/gallery/category/388-cimabue">Cimabue. Pictures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-drawing.ru/biographies/brief-biographies/1644-cimabue">and Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cimabue-santa-trinita-madonna.html">Cimabue <i>Santa Trinita Madonna</i> (1280–1290)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015150415/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/cimabue-santa-trinita-madonna.html">Archived</a> 15 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. A video discussion about the painting from smarthistory.khanacademy.org</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student&#39;s Reference Work/Cimabue, Giovanni"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Cimabue,_Giovanni">"Cimabue, Giovanni"&#160;</a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student&#39;s Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i>&#160;</a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Cimabue%2C+Giovanni&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACimabue" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div 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title="List of works by Cimabue">List of works</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Crucifixes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Santa_Croce)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Santa Croce)">Santa Croce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifix_(Cimabue,_Arezzo)" title="Crucifix (Cimabue, Arezzo)">Arezzo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Parts of the <a href="/wiki/Diptych_of_Devotion" title="Diptych of Devotion">Diptych of Devotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgin_and_Child_with_Two_Angels_(Cimabue)" title="Virgin and Child with Two Angels (Cimabue)">Virgin and Child with Two Angels</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mocking_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Mocking of Christ (Cimabue)">The Mocking of Christ</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flagellation_of_Christ_(Cimabue)" title="The Flagellation of Christ (Cimabue)">The Flagellation of Christ</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%"><i>Maestà</i> or <i>Virgin and Child Enthroned</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_(Cimabue)" title="Maestà (Cimabue)">Pisa</a> (c. 1280, Louvre)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maest%C3%A0_of_Santa_Maria_dei_Servi" title="Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi">Maestà of Santa Maria dei Servi</a> (1280–1285, Bologna)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelfiorentino_Madonna" title="Castelfiorentino Madonna">Castelfiorentino Madonna</a> (attributed; c. 1283–1284)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Trinita_Maest%C3%A0" title="Santa Trinita Maestà">Santa Trinita</a> (c. 1290–1300, Uffizi)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Frescoes and mosaics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_and_Betrothal_of_the_Virgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nativity and Betrothal of the Virgin">Nativity and Betrothal of the Virgin</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_Cathedral" title="Pisa Cathedral">Pisa Cathedral</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christ_enthroned_with_the_Virgin_and_St_John" title="Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John">Christ enthroned with the Virgin and St John</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Florence Baptistery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosaic_ceiling_of_the_Florence_Baptistery" title="Mosaic ceiling of the Florence Baptistery">Mosaic ceiling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAEAAE;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giunta_Pisano" title="Giunta Pisano">Giunta Pisano</a> (master?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_(circle_of_Cimabue%3F)" title="Life of Christ (circle of Cimabue?)">Life of Christ</a></i> (circle of Cimabue?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giotto" title="Giotto">Giotto</a> (pupil)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duccio" title="Duccio">Duccio</a> (pupil?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cimabue%27s_Celebrated_Madonna" title="Cimabue&#39;s Celebrated Madonna">Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna</a></i> (1853–1855 painting by <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Leighton" title="Frederic Leighton">Frederic Leighton</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/11578_Cimabue" class="mw-redirect" title="11578 Cimabue">11578 Cimabue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15790#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15790#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15790#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000114677926">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1789151778206418130002">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/56897/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119138883">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80081439">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044428q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12044428q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00464590">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cimabue"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV025663">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35800967">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=xx0019462&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX888609">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073217573">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000208650&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007447425505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500016284">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/d9aa7c93-a792-4f8a-8320-c64786016193">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/16876">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1093405">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="CENNI di Pepe, detto Cimabue"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/cenni-di-pepe-detto-cimabue_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119138883.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119138883">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028653289">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐d7pw2 Cached time: 20241122160543 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.608 seconds Real time usage: 0.824 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2620/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 64385/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1790/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 116914/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.410/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 15253799/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 741.706 1 -total 27.09% 200.914 1 Template:Reflist 15.64% 115.993 1 Template:Authority_control 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