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accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-傳媒自我審查" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#傳媒自我審查"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>傳媒自我審查</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-傳媒自我審查-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关傳媒自我審查子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-傳媒自我審查-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國大陆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>中國大陆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-台灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#台灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>台灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-台灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學術界自我審查" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學術界自我審查"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>學術界自我審查</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學術界自我審查-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>相關</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">自我審查</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。34种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رقابة ذاتية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقابة ذاتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самацэнзура – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Самацэнзура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8" title="আত্ম-বিবাচন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আত্ম-বিবাচন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocensura" title="Autocensura – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Autocensura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocenzura" title="Autocenzura – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Autocenzura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selbstzensur" title="Selbstzensur – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Selbstzensur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Self-censorship" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memcenzuro" title="Memcenzuro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memcenzuro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocensura" title="Autocensura – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autocensura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enesetsensuur" title="Enesetsensuur – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Enesetsensuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autozentsura" title="Autozentsura – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Autozentsura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="خودسانسوری – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودسانسوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsesensuuri" title="Itsesensuuri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Itsesensuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocensure" title="Autocensure – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Autocensure" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צנזורה פנימית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צנזורה פנימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocenzura" title="Autocenzura – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Autocenzura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor_diri" title="Sensor diri – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sensor diri" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E6%A4%9C%E9%96%B2" title="自己検閲 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自己検閲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Автоцензура – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автоцензура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EA%B8%B0_%EA%B2%80%EC%97%B4" title="자기 검열 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자기 검열" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censura_sui" title="Censura sui – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Censura sui" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelfcensuur" title="Zelfcensuur – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zelfcensuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selvsensur" title="Selvsensur – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Selvsensur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocenzura" title="Autocenzura – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Autocenzura" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ځاني سانسور – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځاني سانسور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocensura" title="Autocensura – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Autocensura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самоцензура – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Самоцензура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocenzura" title="Autocenzura – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Autocenzura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-censorship" title="Self-censorship – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Self-censorship" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samocenzura" title="Samocenzura – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Samocenzura" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%A4lvcensur" title="Självcensur – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Självcensur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otosans%C3%BCr" title="Otosansür – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Otosansür" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Самоцензура – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Самоцензура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_ki%E1%BB%83m_duy%E1%BB%87t" title="Tự kiểm duyệt – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tự kiểm duyệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q862207#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%2588%2591%25E5%25AF%25A9%25E6%259F%25A5"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%2587%25AA%25E6%2588%2591%25E5%25AF%25A9%25E6%259F%25A5"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:15em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="Category:審查制度">系列條目</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="审查制度">审查制度</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Censorship.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/100px-Censorship.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/150px-Censorship.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Censorship.svg/200px-Censorship.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ededed; padding-left: 3px;">对象</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="言論自由">言论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="新闻自由">新闻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%9B%B8" title="禁書">书籍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="互联网审查">网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E8%A8%8A%E7%9B%A3%E5%AF%9F" title="通訊監察">通訊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" title="无线电干扰">广播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%8C" title="禁歌">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="电子游戏审查制度">電玩</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ededed; padding-left: 3px;">区域</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="阿尔及利亚审查制度">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="澳大利亚审查制度">澳洲</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="澳大利亚文化相关产业审查制度">文娛</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="中华民国审查制度">中華民國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="中华人民共和国审查制度">中國大陸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="中华人民共和国出版物审查制度">出版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="中华人民共和国电影审查">電影</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" class="extiw" title="v:中華人民共和國電視審查">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" title="中华人民共和国无线电干扰">廣播</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="中华人民共和国网络审查">網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="中華人民共和國電子遊戲審查制度">電玩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5" title="海外對中國議題的審查">海外</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="香港审查制度">香港</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AB%E8%A4%BB%E7%89%A9%E5%93%81%E5%AF%A9%E8%A3%81%E8%99%95" title="淫褻物品審裁處">出版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="香港网络审查">網路</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="古巴网络审查">古巴·網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0" title="东方集团的媒体与政治宣传">东方阵营</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="伊朗网络审查">伊朗·網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="朝鲜审查制度">朝鲜</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E6%97%A0%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E5%B9%B2%E6%89%B0" title="朝鲜半岛无线电干扰">廣播</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="韩国审查制度">韩国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="韩国网络审查">网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="韩国电影审查">电影</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="馬來西亞審查制度">马来西亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%AC%E7%94%B8%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="緬甸審查制度">緬甸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="俄罗斯网络审查">俄罗斯·網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="新加坡网络审查">新加坡·网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="美国网络审查">美國·网络</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="越南网络审查">越南·網路</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ededed; padding-left: 3px;">手段</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%84%E5%88%B6%E9%9F%B3" title="自主规制音">自主规制音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E9%8E%96_(%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF)" title="封鎖 (網路)">禁言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="焚书">焚书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E6%97%B6%E6%92%AD%E5%87%BA" title="延时播出">延时播出</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E8%9F%AC%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="寒蟬效應">寒蟬效應</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%AA%E9%99%A4%E7%89%87%E6%AE%B5" title="刪除片段">刪除片段</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="内容控制软件">内容控制软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E6%8A%B9%E7%85%9E" title="記錄抹煞">記錄抹煞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%A9%89" title="委婉">委婉语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%8E%E8%AA%93" title="碎誓">碎誓</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="网络警察">网络警察</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%98%E6%80%80%E6%B4%9E" title="忘怀洞">忘怀洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" title="國家區域網路">局域网</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%B3%BD%E5%85%8B_(%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F%E8%99%95%E7%90%86)" title="馬賽克 (影像處理)">碼賽克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0" title="政治宣传">政治宣传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85" title="肅清">肅清</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%90%A6%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="歷史否定主義">篡改歷史</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">自我審查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%B1%8F%E8%94%BD" title="秘密屏蔽">秘密屏蔽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%9D%E5%B0%8D%E5%85%AC%E7%9C%BE%E5%8F%83%E8%88%87%E7%9A%84%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%A8%B4%E8%A8%9F" title="針對公眾參與的策略性訴訟">策略性訴訟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E8%A6%96" title="監視">監視</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E7%9B%91%E6%8E%A7" title="大规模监控">大规模监控</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E8%A9%9E%E9%81%8E%E6%BF%BE" title="關鍵詞過濾">關鍵詞過濾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%85%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="深度包检测">深度包检测</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ededed; padding-left: 3px;">其它</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A" title="內容分級">內容分級</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="電影分級制度">电影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%88%86%E7%B4%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="電視分級制度">電視</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%88%86%E7%BA%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="电子游戏分级制度">電玩</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%80%A7%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="对性少数相关内容的审查">對性小衆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="政治审查">政治审查</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="政审">政审</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="军事审查">军事审查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%AE%E7%A6%81" title="髮禁">髮禁</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="Template:审查制度"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:审查制度（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:审查制度"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>自我审查</b>是指因畏懼後果，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="审查">审查</a>、刪改或封禁本人或本機構理應發表的资讯、言論或作品，壓力通常直接或間接來自特定<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="政權">政權</a>或團體。審查内容在一些<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="信仰自由">信仰不自由</a>或風俗保守的地方主要涉及宗教及道德禁忌，在一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6" title="專制">專制</a>國度主要在於政治議題。政治上的自我审查對某些政權所關涉的內容有所顧忌，迫於無奈與為求生存而執行<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%BE%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="大眾媒體">大眾媒體</a>的自我審查尤受關注，可被視爲當地<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%80%E8%AB%96%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="言論自由">言論自由</a>的晴雨表。自我審查甚於當地常態的媒體機構，常被認定爲缺乏良知或勇氣而不可靠。 </p><p>有时候，自我审查也可以指个人发表言论前的预先措辞考虑，及发表言论后的自我重新审視。但除非有給定語境，否則此層語義通常不是公共議論所指“自我審查”的含義。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="傳媒自我審查"><span id=".E5.82.B3.E5.AA.92.E8.87.AA.E6.88.91.E5.AF.A9.E6.9F.A5"></span>傳媒自我審查</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：傳媒自我審查"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambox_globe_content.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Globe icon"><img alt="Globe icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>論述以两岸三地為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年8月20日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中國大陆"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86"></span>中國大陆</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：中國大陆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E8%A8%80%E8%AE%BA%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国言论审查">中华人民共和国言论审查</a></div> <p>2010年，搜尋引擎<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>在撤出經營四年多的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="中國大陸">中國大陸</a>市場前，曾接受當局要求的“自我审查”。例如搜尋「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪功">法輪功</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="六四">六四</a>」，網站會提示“根据当地法律法规和政策，部分搜索结果未予显示。”針對Google，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="國務院新聞辦公室">國務院新聞辦公室</a>主任<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%99%A8_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="王晨 (政治人物)">王晨</a>在記者會上宣稱「推進網路媒體行業自律」，要求網路公司必須進行被其稱為「自律」的自我審查。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>2016年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%B8%BD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央總書記">中共中央總書記</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%92%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="習近平">習近平</a>提出「<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%AA%92%E5%A7%93%E9%BB%A8" title="黨媒姓黨">黨媒姓黨</a>」，宣示當局會強化對媒體的控制。 </p><p>由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>與中國大陸之間<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%9E%8B%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="意識型態">意識型態</a>上的分歧和中華人民共和國統治需要，來自台灣的媒體均不能於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国电视审查">中國大陸落地</a>。以中國大陸影視產業為例，無論是電影、電視劇乃至於綜藝節目等等，如有演員出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>與台灣，則一律於該演員姓名旁邊標示“中国香港”、“中国澳门”與“中国台湾”字樣<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。若在電視畫面上出現<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="中華民國國旗">中華民國國旗</a>，通常以<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%BC%E8%B3%BD%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="碼賽克">碼賽克</a>遮蔽或透過<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E8%BC%AF" title="剪輯">剪輯</a>方式直接<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%AA%E9%99%A4%E7%89%87%E6%AE%B5" title="刪除片段">刪除</a>。 </p><p>同樣基於中華人民共和國統治及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0#对内宣传" title="中华人民共和国政治宣传">對内宣傳</a>需要，香港及澳門多數節目於中國大陸<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国电视审查">未能全面收視</a>（不包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%8B%8D%E5%8A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="合拍劇">合拍劇</a>），或有影視作品於播映之前即已做出修改，譬如2002年於香港上映的電影「<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E9%96%93%E9%81%93" title="無間道">無間道</a>」，近年甚至不乏<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%B6%AB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="無綫電視">無綫電視</a>自製劇集在香港首播前，已應中國大陸審查要求刪減情節。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特別行政區基本法">香港特別行政區基本法</a>保障<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="香港新聞自由">香港新聞自由</a>，但主权移交後，部分傳媒出現自我審查情况。在報導本地新聞時，經常為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E7%8D%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="港獨">港獨</a>等字眼加上引號，以示不承認之意<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，部分媒體如<a href="/wiki/TVB" class="mw-redirect" title="TVB">TVB</a>更將報道焦點集中於民主派人士的負面行為（如指控示威人士向警方掟磚）多於其訴求<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。針對近期市民激烈的抗議行動，如<a href="/wiki/2016%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%BA%E8%A7%92%E8%AD%A6%E6%B0%91%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" class="mw-redirect" title="2016年旺角警民衝突">2016年旺角警民衝突</a>或<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4" title="2019年">2019年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D%E9%80%83%E7%8A%AF%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E8%8D%89%E6%A1%88%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="反對逃犯條例修訂草案運動">反對逃犯條例修訂草案運動</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E6%A2%9D%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="頭條日報">頭條日報</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E5%B3%B6%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" class="mw-disambig" title="星島集團">星島集團</a>旗下免費報紙）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" title="香港商業電台">香港商業電台</a>、TVB等以「暴動」等較嚴重的負面字眼稱之<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92" class="mw-redirect" title="香港回归">香港回归</a>后至2000年代初，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特别行政区政府">香港特别行政区政府</a>对媒体涉及中華民國，即兩岸新聞时的规范并未制定法例，虽然香港在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E4%B8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="法律上">法律上</a>要遵守中华人民共和国中央政府的“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="一個中國 (中華人民共和國)">一个中国</a>”原则，但在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%89%E5%8F%B0%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="涉台用语">涉台用语</a>方面与中国大陆媒体不尽相同。香港傳媒以“不成文的特别用语”应对涉及中华民国的报道。例如，以“青天白日满地红旗”称呼“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="中華民國國旗">中華民國國旗</a>”；以“大陆”和“台湾”称呼中华人民共和国与中华民国，不使用“中国”和“台湾”，避免制造“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%80%E5%8F%B0" title="一中一台">一中一台</a>”。同时，此类做法有影响<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="香港新聞自由">香港新聞自由</a>的争议。<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="電視廣播有限公司">無綫電視</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" title="亞洲電視">亞洲電視</a>因把时任<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="中華民國總統">中華民國總統</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%B0%B4%E6%89%81" title="陳水扁">陳水扁</a>称为「台灣領導人」而非以往的「陳水扁總統」，引发自我審查的质疑。两家机构新闻部以认同“一个中国”原则回应，不宜称呼陳水扁为「台灣總統」<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:62—63</sup>。大部分香港傳媒除盡量避免「中華民國」一詞，多以「當局」代替；也儘量避免在新聞畫面使用中華民國國旗，多以台灣地圖或台灣故宮圖示表示台灣。但大部分香港媒體不會像中國大陸媒體對中華民國國旗打馬賽克、對「中華民國」消音等<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%8B%99%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國務院">美國國務院</a>發表2009年人權報告，指出<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" title="香港傳媒">香港傳媒</a>出現自我審查，更點名批評<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="電視廣播有限公司">電視廣播有限公司</a>低調處理<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E7%87%AD%E5%85%89%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="六四燭光晚會">六四燭光晚會</a>，及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E6%97%A9%E5%A0%B1" title="南華早報">南華早報</a>旗下的《君子》雜誌臨時抽起十六頁<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="六四事件">六四</a>專題報道。人權報告評估香港形勢時指出，部分傳媒出現自我審查情况，當中大量傳媒機構老闆在內地都有生意往來，令人懷疑傳媒在報道時，會顧及老闆的生意利益。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2010年4月，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="香港大學">香港大學</a>民意研究計劃公布最新調查，48%受訪者認為香港新聞傳媒自我審查，59%的人認為傳媒在批評<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="中華人民共和國政府">北京中央政府</a>時有所顧忌。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>新聞工作者的報導進行自我審查，壓力來源往往來自傳媒機構老闆，而老闆們與中国大陆人士關係密切，又解釋了很多事情的原委。以香港為例：2007年，綜觀全港絕大部份主流媒體；十七份中英文收費及免費報章、六間電視台、三間電台的老闆或高層，均被委以中國國內公職如人大、政協、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%8E%88%E5%8B%B3%E5%8F%8A%E5%98%89%E7%8D%8E%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="香港授勳及嘉獎制度">特區政府勳銜</a>、又或是在大陸經營龐大生意的。 <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2022年10月13日，北京<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%80%9A%E6%A1%A5" title="四通桥">四通桥</a>罕見出現矛頭直指<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BA%BA" title="中華人民共和國最高領導人">中華人民共和國最高領導人</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3" title="习近平">习近平</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%9B%9B%E9%80%9A%E6%A1%A5%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="北京四通桥抗议">抗議橫幅</a>，廣為外國傳媒報道。然而<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92" title="香港傳媒">香港主流傳媒</a>全體沒有報道相關消息，僅一家網路傳媒報道后即刪除。有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%B2%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="亲中共媒体">建制派傳媒</a>中人稱其編輯部會自動自覺不報道敏感事件。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%B5%B8%E6%9C%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="香港浸會大學">香港浸會大學</a>新聞系前助理教授杜耀明認為此是新聞界自我審查的表現，憂慮業界麻木或失智，已迫近中國大陸的狀況。<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="台灣"><span id=".E5.8F.B0.E7.81.A3"></span>台灣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：台灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2022年，中國大陸作家曹雨在台灣出版《激辣中國》新書。未料，書中的「大陸」全被置換成「中國」，出現「哥倫布發現新中國」等字句，亦被批评是自我审查<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85099211"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%8A%E8%8A%B1%E7%A6%81%E5%BF%8C" title="菊花禁忌">菊花禁忌</a></div> <p>日本媒体普遍存在对所谓“菊、鹤、星”（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>及皇室成员、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9B%E4%BB%B7%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="创价学会">创价学会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8D%AB%E9%98%9F" title="自卫队">自卫队</a>）的“自主规制”，较少报道上述对象的负面消息。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學術界自我審查"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E8.A1.93.E7.95.8C.E8.87.AA.E6.88.91.E5.AF.A9.E6.9F.A5"></span>學術界自我審查</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：學術界自我審查"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>旅居<a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E6%95%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="倫敦">倫敦</a>的中國知名作家<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%B0%8F%E6%A9%B9" title="郭小橹">郭小櫓</a>2010年1月29日在台北國際書展座談會上，郭小櫓承認，當她在中國寫作時，會不自覺自我審查；可是在倫敦寫作時，卻完全沒有這樣的思考。<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C"></span>相關</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：相關"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="互联网审查">網際網路審查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%AF%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%81%E9%94%81" title="中国大陆对维基媒体的封锁">中國大陸對維基媒體的封鎖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="审查制度">审查制度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E6%8A%B9%E7%85%9E" title="記錄抹煞">記錄抹煞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%A9%89" title="委婉">委婉</a>语</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%AA%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B)" class="mw-redirect" title="新語 (一九八四)">新語 (一九八四)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%89%B2%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="黃色新聞">黃色新聞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A2%E5%AE%9A%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C" title="既定觀點問題">既定觀點問題</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%AB%96%E8%AD%89" title="單方論證">單方論證</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B4%E8%AB%B8%E7%BE%A4%E7%9C%BE" title="訴諸群眾">訴諸群眾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%AD%A3%E7%A2%BA" title="政治正確">政治正確</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B4%E8%AB%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="訴諸反對">訴諸反對</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%91%E6%9C%89%E6%AC%8A%E7%99%BC%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E8%A6%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="我有權發表意見">我有權發表意見</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自主規制" data-lang-code="ja" data-lang-name="日语" data-foreign-title="自主規制"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%8F%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自主規制（页面不存在）">自主規制</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">日语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%8F%E5%88%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:自主規制"><span lang="ja" dir="auto">自主規制</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">例如，許多電影中也許有來自臺灣的工作團隊，字幕上也全都標示為中國臺灣。其他包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80" title="澳門">澳門</a>的中華人民共和國<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="特別行政區">特別行政區</a>也會依照該地區法律來標示，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="香港特别行政区基本法">香港特别行政区基本法</a>第151條、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="澳門特別行政區基本法">澳門特别行政区基本法</a>第136條。格式範例如，“導演：<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9D%B0%E5%80%AB" title="周杰倫">周杰倫</a>（中國臺灣）；主演：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF" title="劉德華">劉德華</a>（中國香港）；歌手：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%BD" title="梁洛施">梁洛施</a>（中國澳門）”。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405022034/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2016/10/161009_taiwan_golden_bell">台灣金鐘獎頒獎典禮延燒出「內地爭議」 - BBC News 中文</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span 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text" href="http://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=1123157&csid=261_341">金鐘暴動至今有22人送院 (香港商業電台)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224024637/https://www.881903.com/Page/ZH-TW/newsdetail.aspx?ItemId=1123157&csid=261_341">存档</a>于2020-02-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&rft.btitle=%E9%87%91%E9%90%98%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A%E6%9C%8922%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%81%E9%99%A2+%28%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%95%86%E6%A5%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.881903.com%2FPage%2FZH-TW%2Fnewsdetail.aspx%3FItemId%3D1123157%26csid%3D261_341&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720102845/https://hd.stheadline.com/news/daily/hk/771407/%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25A0%25B1-%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E8%2581%259E-%25E9%2598%25B2%25E6%259A%25B4%25E8%25AD%25A6-%25E5%2582%25AC%25E6%25B7%259A%25E5%25BD%2588%25E6%25A9%25A1%25E8%2586%25A0%25E5%25BD%2588%25E9%258E%25AE%25E6%259A%25B4-%25E5%259C%258D%25E7%25AB%258B%25E6%259C%2583%25E5%258F%258D%25E4%25BF%25AE%25E4%25BE%258B-%25E9%2587%2591%25E9%2590%2598%25E7%2581%25A3%25E4%25BB%2594%25E7%2588%2586%25E6%259A%25B4%25E5%258B%2595">存档</a>于2019-07-20）.</cite><span 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style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tvb.com/story/56b9b3626db28cf46d000002/5cf768e6e603831f66dbb8f1/%E6%97%BA%E8%A7%92%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95%E6%A1%88%E5%85%A9%E5%90%8D%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%9A%E7%BD%AA%E8%A2%AB%E5%91%8A%E5%B0%B1%E5%88%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9A%E7%BD%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4%E9%81%AD%E9%A7%81%E5%9B%9E">旺角暴動案兩名被定罪被告就刑期和定罪上訴遭駁回 (TVB)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-07-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720102852/http://news.tvb.com/story/56b9b3626db28cf46d000002/5cf768e6e603831f66dbb8f1/%25E6%2597%25BA%25E8%25A7%2592%25E6%259A%25B4%25E5%258B%2595%25E6%25A1%2588%25E5%2585%25A9%25E5%2590%258D%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%25AE%259A%25E7%25BD%25AA%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%2591%258A%25E5%25B0%25B1%25E5%2588%2591%25E6%259C%259F%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%25AE%259A%25E7%25BD%25AA%25E4%25B8%258A%25E8%25A8%25B4%25E9%2581%25AD%25E9%25A7%2581%25E5%259B%259E">存档</a>于2019-07-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&rft.btitle=%E6%97%BA%E8%A7%92%E6%9A%B4%E5%8B%95%E6%A1%88%E5%85%A9%E5%90%8D%E8%A2%AB%E5%AE%9A%E7%BD%AA%E8%A2%AB%E5%91%8A%E5%B0%B1%E5%88%91%E6%9C%9F%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%9A%E7%BD%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%A8%B4%E9%81%AD%E9%A7%81%E5%9B%9E+%28TVB%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tvb.com%2Fstory%2F56b9b3626db28cf46d000002%2F5cf768e6e603831f66dbb8f1%2F%25E6%2597%25BA%25E8%25A7%2592%25E6%259A%25B4%25E5%258B%2595%25E6%25A1%2588%25E5%2585%25A9%25E5%2590%258D%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%25AE%259A%25E7%25BD%25AA%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%2591%258A%25E5%25B0%25B1%25E5%2588%2591%25E6%259C%259F%25E5%2592%258C%25E5%25AE%259A%25E7%25BD%25AA%25E4%25B8%258A%25E8%25A8%25B4%25E9%2581%25AD%25E9%25A7%2581%25E5%259B%259E&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&rft.atitle=%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%AB%A0+%E5%9B%9E%E6%AD%B8%E5%89%8D%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%8E%A1%E8%A8%AA&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E5%B0%91%E5%8D%97+%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9629960834&rft.place=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE+%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvfqziPMixn0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3D%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E4%25BC%25A0%25E5%25AA%2592%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25BA%25AA%26hl%3Dzh-CN%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%26sourceid%3Dcndr%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E9%25A6%2599%25E6%25B8%25AF%25E4%25BC%25A0%25E5%25AA%2592%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25B8%2596%25E7%25BA%25AA%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" 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class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318234343/https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B-%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%88-%E8%94%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C-%E6%8A%97%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%9D%E5%8F%B0-%E8%AE%93%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%89%E5%B0%8F%E8%AD%A6%E7%B8%BD-052316954.html?guccounter=1">哥倫布發現新中國？林家興：蔡政府「抗中保台」讓人人心中都有小警總</a>. tw.news.yahoo.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-02-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&rft.atitle=%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9F%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%88%EF%BC%9A%E8%94%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E3%80%8C%E6%8A%97%E4%B8%AD%E4%BF%9D%E5%8F%B0%E3%80%8D%E8%AE%93%E4%BA%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%BD%E6%9C%89%E5%B0%8F%E8%AD%A6%E7%B8%BD&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=tw.news.yahoo.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftw.news.yahoo.com%2F%25E5%2593%25A5%25E5%2580%25AB%25E5%25B8%2583%25E7%2599%25BC%25E7%258F%25BE%25E6%2596%25B0%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E5%259C%258B-%25E6%259E%2597%25E5%25AE%25B6%25E8%2588%2588-%25E8%2594%25A1%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C-%25E6%258A%2597%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E4%25BF%259D%25E5%258F%25B0-%25E8%25AE%2593%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E4%25BA%25BA%25E5%25BF%2583%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E9%2583%25BD%25E6%259C%2589%25E5%25B0%258F%25E8%25AD%25A6%25E7%25B8%25BD-052316954.html%3Fguccounter%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">江昭倫. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120721114617/http://news.rti.org.tw/index_newsContent.aspx?id=3&id2=1&nid=231181">郭小櫓：在中國寫作有嚴重自我審查傾向</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="中央廣播電台">中央廣播電台</a>. 2010-01-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-10-22</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.rti.org.tw/index_newsContent.aspx?id=3&id2=1&nid=231181">原始内容</a>存档于2012-07-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&rft.atitle=%E9%83%AD%E5%B0%8F%E6%AB%93%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AF%AB%E4%BD%9C+%E6%9C%89%E5%9A%B4%E9%87%8D%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5%E5%82%BE%E5%90%91&rft.au=%E6%B1%9F%E6%98%AD%E5%80%AB&rft.date=2010-01-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%BB%A3%E6%92%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%8F%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.rti.org.tw%2Findex_newsContent.aspx%3Fid%3D3%26id2%3D1%26nid%3D231181&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E9%A1%9E%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="另類媒體">另類媒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="獨立媒體">獨立媒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AF%E8%91%9B" title="杯葛">杯葛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%8D%E6%9C%8D%E5%BE%9E" title="公民不服從">公民不服從</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%B9%B2%E6%93%BE" title="文化干擾">文化干擾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E5%A8%81" title="示威">示威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%87%BA%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90" title="平臺驅逐">平臺驅逐</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="通信游击战" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guerrilla communication"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%B8%B8%E5%87%BB%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="通信游击战（页面不存在）">通信游击战</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_communication" class="extiw" title="en:Guerrilla communication"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guerrilla communication</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%AD%E5%AE%A2%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="駭客行動主義">黑客主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="網絡行動主義">網路行動主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="媒體行動主義">媒體行動主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="占领 (抗议)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Occupation (protest)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%94%E9%A0%98_(%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="佔領 (抗議)">佔領</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" class="extiw" title="en:Occupation (protest)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Occupation (protest)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B7%E6%84%BF" title="请愿">請願</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E8%AD%B0" title="抗議">抗議</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="青年行動主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Youth activism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="青年行動主義（页面不存在）">青年</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_activism" class="extiw" title="en:Youth activism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Youth activism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="廣告">廣告</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9B%E7%89%8C" title="招牌">招牌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E8%99%9B%E5%81%BD%E6%A8%99%E7%A4%BA" title="商品虛偽標示">商品虛偽標示</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E5%9E%8B%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="資訊型廣告">資訊型廣告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="行動行銷">行動行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3%E6%A8%A1%E7%89%B9%E5%85%92" title="宣傳模特兒">宣傳模特兒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Radio advertisement" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Radio advertisement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_advertisement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio advertisement（页面不存在）">无线电</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_advertisement" class="extiw" title="en:Radio advertisement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Radio advertisement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sex in advertising" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sex in advertising"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sex_in_advertising&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sex in advertising（页面不存在）">性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_in_advertising" class="extiw" title="en:Sex in advertising"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sex in advertising</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%9E" title="廣告標語">廣告標語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%89%E8%A8%80%E6%B3%95" title="證言法">證言法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="電視廣告">電視廣告</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="對於廣告化的批評" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Criticism of advertising"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8D%E6%96%BC%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%89%B9%E8%A9%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="對於廣告化的批評（页面不存在）">對於廣告化的批評</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_advertising" class="extiw" title="en:Criticism of advertising"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Criticism of advertising</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="审查制度">审查制度</a></li><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體規則" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media regulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%8F%E5%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體規則（页面不存在）">規則</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_regulation" class="extiw" title="en:Media regulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media regulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%9B%B8" title="禁書">書籍過濾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E6%B3%95" title="广播法">廣播法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%9A%E4%B9%A6%E5%9D%91%E5%84%92" title="焚书坑儒">焚書坑儒</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="遮掩" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cover-up"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%AE%E6%8E%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="遮掩（页面不存在）">遮掩</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover-up" class="extiw" title="en:Cover-up"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cover-up</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="公司自我審查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Corporate censorship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公司自我審查（页面不存在）">公司自我審查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_censorship" class="extiw" title="en:Corporate censorship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Corporate censorship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%A9%89" title="委婉">委婉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="影片審查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Film censorship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%B1%E7%89%87%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="影片審查（页面不存在）">影片審查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_censorship" class="extiw" title="en:Film censorship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Film censorship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E4%BF%AE%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="歷史修正主義">歷史修正主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E9%8C%84%E6%8A%B9%E7%85%9E" title="記錄抹煞">記錄抹煞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="互联网审查">網路審查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A1%E6%9F%A5" title="政治审查">政治审查</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教審查" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious censorship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AF%A9%E6%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教審查（页面不存在）">宗教審查</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_censorship" class="extiw" title="en:Religious censorship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious censorship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">自我審查</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E5%BE%9E%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="侍從媒體">侍從媒體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%B1%8F%E8%94%BD" title="秘密屏蔽">秘密屏蔽</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%87" title="惡作劇">惡作劇</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A6%E9%A1%9E%E4%BA%8B%E5%AF%A6" title="另類事實">另類事實</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9A%E4%BA%BA%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="愚人節">愚人節</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Fakelore" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fakelore"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fakelore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fakelore（页面不存在）">假知識</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fakelore" class="extiw" title="en:Fakelore"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fakelore</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="假新聞網站" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fake news website"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假新聞網站（页面不存在）">假新聞網站</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fake_news_website" class="extiw" title="en:Fake news website"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fake news website</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="虛構情節" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fictitious entry"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%A7%8B%E6%83%85%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛構情節（页面不存在）">虛構情節</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fictitious_entry" class="extiw" title="en:Fictitious entry"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fictitious entry</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%BD%E9%80%A0%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8" title="偽造文書">偽造文書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哄騙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Gaslighting"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%84%E9%A8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="哄騙（页面不存在）">哄騙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslighting" class="extiw" title="en:Gaslighting"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Gaslighting</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="惡作劇列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of hoaxes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="惡作劇列表（页面不存在）">惡作劇列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hoaxes" class="extiw" title="en:List of hoaxes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of hoaxes</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文字惡作劇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Literary forgery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文字惡作劇（页面不存在）">文字惡作劇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_forgery" class="extiw" title="en:Literary forgery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Literary forgery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="種族惡作劇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Racial hoax"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族惡作劇（页面不存在）">種族惡作劇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_hoax" class="extiw" title="en:Racial hoax"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Racial hoax</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E5%82%B3%E8%AA%AA" title="都市傳說">都市傳說</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="病毒惡作劇" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virus hoax"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%83%A1%E4%BD%9C%E5%8A%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="病毒惡作劇（页面不存在）">病毒惡作劇</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_hoax" class="extiw" title="en:Virus hoax"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virus hoax</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="散布假消息" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Forgery"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E5%B8%83%E5%81%87%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散布假消息（页面不存在）">散布假消息</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forgery" class="extiw" title="en:Forgery"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Forgery</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E8%90%A5%E9%94%80" title="市场营销">行銷</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%81%E7%89%8C" title="品牌">品牌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Loyalty marketing" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Loyalty marketing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loyalty_marketing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loyalty marketing（页面不存在）">忠诚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalty_marketing" class="extiw" title="en:Loyalty marketing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Loyalty marketing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E6%80%A7%E6%94%B6%E8%A6%96" title="慣性收視">惯性收视</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Product marketing" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Product marketing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Product_marketing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Product marketing（页面不存在）">產品</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_marketing" class="extiw" title="en:Product marketing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Product marketing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AE%E5%85%A5%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%8C%E9%8A%B7" title="置入性行銷">置入性行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="宣傳">公眾行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="市場研究">研究</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="口耳相傳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Word-of-mouth marketing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%80%B3%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%A0" title="口耳相传">口耳相傳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word-of-mouth_marketing" class="extiw" title="en:Word-of-mouth marketing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Word-of-mouth marketing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="新聞媒體">新聞媒體</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A" title="議題設定">議題設定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E9%A0%BB%E9%81%93" title="新聞頻道">新聞頻道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B2%E5%9C%98" title="媒體馬戲團">媒體馬戲團</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="24小時新聞輪播" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="24-hour news cycle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=24%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E8%BC%AA%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="24小時新聞輪播（页面不存在）">24小時新聞輪播</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_news_cycle" class="extiw" title="en:24-hour news cycle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">24-hour news cycle</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E5%81%87%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1" title="虚假平衡">虚假平衡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E8%AE%AF%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90" title="资讯娱乐">资讯娱乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="垃圾新闻">垃圾新闻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%BB%84%E8%89%B2%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB" title="新黄色新闻">新黄色新闻</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="管理新聞" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Managing the news"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="管理新聞（页面不存在）">管理新聞</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managing_the_news" class="extiw" title="en:Managing the news"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Managing the news</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麻醉式机能障碍" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Narcotizing dysfunction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%BB%E9%86%89%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%BA%E8%83%BD%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麻醉式机能障碍（页面不存在）">麻醉式机能障碍</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotizing_dysfunction" class="extiw" title="en:Narcotizing dysfunction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Narcotizing dysfunction</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%AA%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B)" class="mw-redirect" title="新語 (一九八四)">新語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pseudo-event" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media event"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-event&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudo-event（页面不存在）">虛擬事件</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_event" class="extiw" title="en:Media event"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media event</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體爭寵" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="media scrum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%88%AD%E5%AF%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體爭寵（页面不存在）">媒體爭寵</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/media_scrum" class="extiw" title="en:media scrum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">media scrum</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="煽動主義" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sensationalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%BD%E5%8B%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="煽動主義（页面不存在）">煽動主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensationalism" class="extiw" title="en:Sensationalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sensationalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="小小報" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tabloid journalism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E5%B0%8F%E5%A0%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小小報（页面不存在）">小小報</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" class="extiw" title="en:Tabloid journalism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tabloid journalism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="政治運動">選舉活動</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="政治廣告">政治廣告</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="業配文" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Astroturfing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%AD%E9%85%8D%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="業配文（页面不存在）">業配文</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astroturfing" class="extiw" title="en:Astroturfing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Astroturfing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="攻擊性廣告" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Attack ad"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BB%E6%93%8A%E6%80%A7%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="攻擊性廣告（页面不存在）">攻擊性廣告</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_ad" class="extiw" title="en:Attack ad"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Attack ad</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%A5%A8" title="拉票">拉票</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%9A%97%E6%AE%BA" title="人格暗殺">人格暗殺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%85%E5%8A%9B%E6%94%BB%E5%8B%A2" title="魅力攻勢">魅力攻勢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%97%E5%93%A8%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="狗哨政治">狗哨政治</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="選舉承諾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Election promise"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E6%89%BF%E8%AB%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="選舉承諾（页面不存在）">選舉承諾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_promise" class="extiw" title="en:Election promise"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Election promise</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lawn sign" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lawn sign"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawn_sign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawn sign（页面不存在）">街頭小廣告（貼紙、小招牌）</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn_sign" class="extiw" title="en:Lawn sign"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lawn sign</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="宣言">宣言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="候選人的姓名知名度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Name recognition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%80%99%E9%81%B8%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E5%A7%93%E5%90%8D%E7%9F%A5%E5%90%8D%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="候選人的姓名知名度（页面不存在）">至少讓選民記得候選人的名字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_recognition" class="extiw" title="en:Name recognition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Name recognition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="負面選舉 (選舉策略)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Negative campaigning"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A0%E9%9D%A2%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89_(%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="負面選舉 (選舉策略)（页面不存在）">負面選舉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_campaigning" class="extiw" title="en:Negative campaigning"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Negative campaigning</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="假民調" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Push poll"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%81%87%E6%B0%91%E8%AA%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="假民調（页面不存在）">假民調</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_poll" class="extiw" title="en:Push poll"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Push poll</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B9%E9%BB%91%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="抹黑策略">抹黑策略</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="挑撥離間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wedge issue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%91%E6%92%A5%E9%9B%A2%E9%96%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="挑撥離間（页面不存在）">挑撥離間</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_issue" class="extiw" title="en:Wedge issue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wedge issue</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0" title="政治宣传">負面宣傳</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E7%9C%BE%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="從眾效應">從眾效應</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人群操縱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Crowd manipulation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E7%BE%A4%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人群操縱（页面不存在）">人群操縱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowd_manipulation" class="extiw" title="en:Crowd manipulation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Crowd manipulation</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="造谣">假情報</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A0%E8%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="造谣">造谣</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恐嚇牌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Fearmongering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E5%9A%87%E7%89%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐嚇牌（页面不存在）">恐嚇牌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearmongering" class="extiw" title="en:Fearmongering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Fearmongering</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6_(%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="框架 (社會科學)">框架化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Indoctrination" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indoctrination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indoctrination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indoctrination（页面不存在）">重複灌輸以說服</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoctrination" class="extiw" title="en:Indoctrination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indoctrination</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A3%E5%B8%BD%E5%AD%90" title="扣帽子">扣帽子</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="失去職業倫理的媒體" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lying press"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B1%E5%8E%BB%E8%81%B7%E6%A5%AD%E5%80%AB%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="失去職業倫理的媒體（页面不存在）">失去職業倫理的媒體</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lying_press" class="extiw" title="en:Lying press"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lying press</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="民族神話" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National myth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族神話（页面不存在）">國家迷思</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_myth" class="extiw" title="en:National myth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National myth</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7" title="政治宣传技巧">帶風向</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E6%97%97%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="聚旗效应">聚旗效应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%97%B4%E6%BB%A4%E9%95%9C" title="阴间滤镜">阴间滤镜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E6%88%98" title="心理战">心理战</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空投傳單" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Airborne leaflet propaganda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E6%8A%95%E5%82%B3%E5%96%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空投傳單（页面不存在）">空投傳單</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_leaflet_propaganda" class="extiw" title="en:Airborne leaflet propaganda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Airborne leaflet propaganda</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E6%97%97%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="假旗行动">假旗行動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%B8%B1%E9%9A%8A" title="第五縱隊">第五縱隊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%88%98" title="信息战">網路資訊戰 (IT)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Lawfare" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lawfare"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawfare（页面不存在）">玩弄司法來損敵利己</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawfare" class="extiw" title="en:Lawfare"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lawfare</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%AD%A6" title="军队政治工作学">軍隊政治工作學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4" title="公共外交">公共外交</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Sedition" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sedition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sedition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sedition（页面不存在）">反政府言行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedition" class="extiw" title="en:Sedition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sedition</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9B%E8%A6%86" title="顛覆">顛覆</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="公共关系">公共关系</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="个人崇拜">个人崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%A8%80%E5%B7%A7%E8%AA%9E" title="雙言巧語">兩面手法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Non-apology apology" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Non-apology apology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Non-apology_apology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Non-apology apology（页面不存在）">假意道歉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-apology_apology" class="extiw" title="en:Non-apology apology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Non-apology apology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="評價管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Reputation management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%95%E5%83%B9%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="評價管理（页面不存在）">評價管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reputation_management" class="extiw" title="en:Reputation management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Reputation management</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%9E" title="標語">標語</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="簡短口號" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sound bite"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B0%A1%E7%9F%AD%E5%8F%A3%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="簡短口號（页面不存在）">簡短口號</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_bite" class="extiw" title="en:Sound bite"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sound bite</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%96%E5%A6%9D%E5%B8%AB" title="政治化妝師">政治化妝師</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="負面宣傳的轉移" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transfer (propaganda)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B2%A0%E9%9D%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%82%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="負面宣傳的轉移（页面不存在）">負面宣傳的轉移</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_(propaganda)" class="extiw" title="en:Transfer (propaganda)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transfer (propaganda)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Understatement" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Understatement"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Understatement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Understatement（页面不存在）">輕描淡寫</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understatement" class="extiw" title="en:Understatement"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Understatement</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E7%B3%8A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="含糊用語">含糊用語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">銷售</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%96%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE" title="意外访问">意外訪問</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="登門銷售" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Door-to-door"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BB%E9%96%80%E9%8A%B7%E5%94%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="登門銷售（页面不存在）">登門銷售</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door-to-door" class="extiw" title="en:Door-to-door"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Door-to-door</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E9%94%80%E5%94%AE" title="电话销售">電話行銷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E4%BB%B7%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5" title="定价策略">定價策略</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="商品展示" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Product demonstration"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E5%B1%95%E7%A4%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="商品展示（页面不存在）">商品展示</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_demonstration" class="extiw" title="en:Product demonstration"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Product demonstration</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="促銷代言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Promotional merchandise"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%83%E9%8A%B7%E4%BB%A3%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="促銷代言（页面不存在）">促銷代言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotional_merchandise" class="extiw" title="en:Promotional merchandise"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Promotional merchandise</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Pricing" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pricing"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pricing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pricing（页面不存在）">定價</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing" class="extiw" title="en:Pricing"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pricing</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">世界各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94" title="中華人民共和國媒體">中國大陸</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E9%83%A8" title="中国共产党中央委员会宣传部">宣传煽动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%A8%E5%AA%92%E5%A7%93%E9%BB%A8" title="黨媒姓黨">黨媒姓黨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%B6%E5%8A%9E%E6%8A%A5" title="政治家办报">政治家办报</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%BC%95%E5%AF%BC" title="舆论引导">舆论引导</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%AF%84%E8%AE%BA%E5%91%98" title="网络评论员">网评员</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E8%88%86%E6%83%85%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E5%B8%88" title="网络舆情分析师">网络舆情分析师</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E6%93%8D%E7%B8%B1_(%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3)" title="媒體操縱 (台灣)">台灣</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關條目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E8%A3%BD%E4%BD%9C" title="跨媒體製作">跨媒體行銷</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Influence of mass media" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Influence of mass media"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Influence_of_mass_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Influence of mass media（页面不存在）">媒體的影響力</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influence_of_mass_media" class="extiw" title="en:Influence of mass media"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Influence of mass media</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E5%81%8F%E8%A6%8B" title="媒體偏見">媒體的特定立場</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="美國媒體的特定立場" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media bias in the United States"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E7%AB%8B%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="美國媒體的特定立場（页面不存在）">美國媒體的特定立場</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_bias_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:Media bias in the United States"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media bias in the United States</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Concentration_of_media_ownership" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Concentration_of_media_ownership"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concentration_of_media_ownership&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concentration of media ownership（页面不存在）">媒體壟斷</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" class="extiw" title="en:Concentration of media ownership"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Concentration_of_media_ownership</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Media ethics" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media ethics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_ethics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media ethics（页面不存在）">媒體業的職業道德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_ethics" class="extiw" title="en:Media ethics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media ethics</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Media_proprietor" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media_proprietor"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_proprietor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media proprietor（页面不存在）">媒體大戶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_proprietor" class="extiw" title="en:Media proprietor"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media_proprietor</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%92%E4%BB%8B%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%AD%A6" title="媒介环境学">媒介环境学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Media democracy" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media democracy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media democracy（页面不存在）">媒體民主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_democracy" class="extiw" title="en:Media democracy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media democracy</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E4%BA%82%E8%B1%A1" title="臺灣媒體亂象">臺灣媒體亂象</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%82%B3%E5%AA%92%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0" title="香港傳媒爭議">香港傳媒爭議</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>：各地 <span 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