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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Neighbourhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Airport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Airport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Khartoum_International_Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Khartoum_International_Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>New Khartoum International Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Khartoum_International_Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Omdurman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdoerman" title="Omdoerman – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Omdoerman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="أم درمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أم درمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurm%C3%A1n" title="Omdurmán – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Omdurmán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ام درمان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ام درمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Амдурман – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Амдурман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman_(lungsod)" title="Omdurman (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Omdurman (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurm%C3%A1n" title="Omdurmán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Omdurmán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Durm%C4%81n" title="Umm Durmān – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Umm Durmān" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ομντουρμάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομντουρμάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurm%C3%A1n" title="Omdurmán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Omdurmán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurmano" title="Omdurmano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Omdurmano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ام درمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام درمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdourman" title="Omdourman – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Omdourman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%B4%EB%91%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="옴두르만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="옴두르만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%B4%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Օմդուրման – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օմդուրման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9F" title="אומדורמאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אומדורמאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ომდურმანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ომდურმანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurm%C4%81na" title="Omdurmāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Omdurmāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurmanas" title="Omdurmanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Omdurmanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurm%C3%A1n" title="Omdurmán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Omdurmán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ომდურმანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ომდურმანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ام درمان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ام درمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A0%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="オムドゥルマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オムドゥルマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਅਮ ਦਰਮਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਮ ਦਰਮਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ام درمان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ام درمان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondurm%C3%A3" title="Ondurmã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ondurmã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Durm%C3%A1n" title="Umm Durmán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umm Durmán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ออมเดอร์มาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออมเดอร์มาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Омдурман – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Омдурман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ام درمان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ام درمان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omdurman" title="Omdurman – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Omdurman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%9B%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="恩图曼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="恩图曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E5%9B%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="恩图曼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="恩图曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Omdurman&params=15_39_N_32_29_E_region:SD_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°29′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.650°N 32.483°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.650; 32.483</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Khartoum State, Sudan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the 1898 battle, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman" title="Battle of Omdurman">Battle of Omdurman</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" class="extiw" title="ar:أم درمان">the corresponding article</a> in Arabic</b>.  <i><small>(January 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at [[:ar:أم درمان]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|ar|أم درمان}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Omdurman" title="Talk:Omdurman">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Khartoum State, Sudan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Omdurman</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أم درمان</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Sudan" title="List of cities in Sudan">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omdurman_Market.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Omdurman Market"><img alt="Omdurman Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Omdurman_Market.JPG/250px-Omdurman_Market.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Omdurman_Market.JPG/375px-Omdurman_Market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Omdurman_Market.JPG/500px-Omdurman_Market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Omdurman Market</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Omdurman"><img alt="Flag of Omdurman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png/100px-Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png/150px-Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png/200px-Omdurman_Locality_Flag.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sudan_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Omdurman is located in Sudan"><img alt="Omdurman is located in Sudan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sudan_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Sudan_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sudan_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Sudan_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sudan_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Sudan_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1654" data-file-height="1450" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:51.342%;left:62.76%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Omdurman"><img alt="Omdurman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Omdurman</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Omdurman&params=15_39_N_32_29_E_region:SD_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°39′N</span> <span class="longitude">32°29′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.650°N 32.483°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.650; 32.483</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sudan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Sudan" title="States of Sudan">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_State" title="Khartoum State">Khartoum State</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">614.9 km<sup>2</sup> (237.4 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">178 m (584 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2008)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,395,159<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2,023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">Central Africa Time</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Omdurman</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أم درمان</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Umm Durmān</i></span>) is a major city in <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a>. It is the second most populous city in the country, located in the <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum (state)">State of Khartoum</a>. Omdurman lies on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Nile" class="mw-redirect" title="River Nile">River Nile</a>, opposite and northwest of the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>. It is on the <a href="/wiki/Nile_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Nile river">Nile river</a> and acts as an important road hub, with the Nile boosting <a href="/wiki/Transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation">transportation</a> even further. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name Omdurman (<i>Umm Durmān</i>) literally translates as "Mother of Durmān", but who she was or might have been is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_story_of_the_greatest_nations;_a_comprehensive_history,_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present,_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities,_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_(14596551060).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814596551060%29.jpg/290px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814596551060%29.jpg/435px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/The_story_of_the_greatest_nations%3B_a_comprehensive_history%2C_extending_from_the_earliest_times_to_the_present%2C_founded_on_the_most_modern_authorities%2C_and_including_chronological_summaries_and_%2814596551060%29.jpg/580px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2992" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman" title="Battle of Omdurman">Battle of Omdurman</a> in 1898</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png/200px-Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Map_Sudan_Ohmdurman.png 1.5x" data-file-width="273" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>A sketch map of Omdurman with <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_North" title="Khartoum North">Bahri</a>. The <a href="/wiki/White_Nile" title="White Nile">White Nile</a> flowing from the south is joined by the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Nile" title="Blue Nile">Blue Nile</a> flowing from the east.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omdurman,old-bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg/300px-Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg/450px-Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg/600px-Omdurman%2Cold-bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2005" data-file-height="1165" /></a><figcaption>Bridge over the <a href="/wiki/White_Nile" title="White Nile">White Nile</a> which connects the city to <a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khartoum" title="Siege of Khartoum">siege of Khartoum</a>, followed by the building there of the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Muhammad Ahmad">the Mahdi</a> after his death from <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a>, the city grew rapidly. However, in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman" title="Battle of Omdurman">Battle of Omdurman</a> in 1898 (which actually took place in the nearby village of Kerreri), <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener_of_Khartoum" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum">Lord Kitchener</a> decisively defeated the <a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Sudan)" title="Ansar (Sudan)">Mahdist forces</a>. The following year British forces defeated <a href="/wiki/Abdallahi_ibn_Muhammad" title="Abdallahi ibn Muhammad">Abdallahi ibn Muhammad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Khalifa" title="Khalifa">Khalifa</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Umm_Diwaykarat" title="Battle of Umm Diwaykarat">Battle of Umm Diwaykarat</a>; ensuring <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> control over the Sudan. </p><p>In September 1898, the British army of twenty thousand well drilled men equipped with the latest arms, <a href="/wiki/Maxim_gun" title="Maxim gun">Maxim guns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martini-Henry_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Martini-Henry rifle">Martini-Henry rifles</a> under the command of General Horatio Herbert Kitchener <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Egyptian invasion of Sudan">invaded Sudan</a>. In the battle of Omdurman, the British Army faced Sudanese defenders consisting of over 52,000 poorly armed desert tribesmen dervishes; in the space of five hours the battle was over. The Sudanese defenders suffered many casualties, with at least 10,000 killed. By contrast there were fewer than four hundred casualties on the British side with forty-eight British soldiers losing their lives. Then, General Kitchener proceeded to order the desecration of <a href="/wiki/The_Mahdi%27s_tomb" title="The Mahdi's tomb">the Mahdi's tomb</a> and in the words of <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, "carried off the Mahdi's head in a kerosene can as a trophy".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kitchener restored Khartoum as the capital and, from 1899 until 1956 Sudan was jointly governed by Great Britain and Egypt. Although most of the city was destroyed in the battle, <a href="/wiki/The_Mahdi%27s_tomb" title="The Mahdi's tomb">the Mahdi's tomb</a> was restored and refurbished. </p><p>On 10 May 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Darfur" title="Darfur">Darfur</a> rebel group of the <a href="/wiki/Justice_and_Equality_Movement" title="Justice and Equality Movement">Justice and Equality Movement</a> moved into the city where they engaged in heavy <a href="/wiki/2008_attack_on_Omdurman_and_Khartoum" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 attack on Omdurman and Khartoum">fighting</a> with Sudanese government forces. Their goal was to topple <a href="/wiki/Omar_Hassan_al-Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar Hassan al-Bashir">Omar Hassan al-Bashir</a>'s government.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Omdurman_(2023)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Omdurman (2023)">Battle of Omdurman</a> broke out.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ombadda" title="Ombadda">Ombadda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omdurman features a hot <a href="/wiki/Arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid climate">arid climate</a>, with only the summer months seeing noticeable precipitation. The city averages a little over 155 millimetres (6.1 in) of precipitation per year. Based on annual mean temperatures, the city is one of the hottest major cities in the world. Temperatures routinely exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in mid-summer. </p><p>Its average annual high temperature is 37.1 °C (99 °F), with six months of the year seeing an average monthly high temperature of at least 38 °C (100 °F). Furthermore, throughout the year, none of its monthly average high temperatures falls below 30 °C (86 °F). During the months of January and February, while daytime temperatures are generally very warm, nights are relatively cool, with average low temperatures just above 15 °C (59 °F). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Omdurman </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #F90000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.9<br />(107.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.3<br />(106.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(102.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6<br />(74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">.4<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(0.16) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2<br />(2.96) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(1.00) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(0.19) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">156.8<br />(6.18) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">.1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">.9 </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260 </td> <td style="background: #F7F722; color:#000000;" class="notheme">330 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">360 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">390 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">400 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">390 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">365 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">260 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,587 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>) <sup id="cite_ref-WMO_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: BBC Weather <sup id="cite_ref-BBC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg/250px-Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg/375px-Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg/500px-Khartoum_Nasa_30aug2001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="2023" /></a><figcaption>Omdurman is on the western side of the Nile river, opposite Khartoum.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg/220px-Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg/330px-Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg/440px-Omdurman_green_dancers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> <a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">dervishes</a> in Omdurman</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Year </th> <th style="background:#efefef;" width="100px">Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1909 (Census)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">42,779 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td align="right">116,196 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td align="right">113,600 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td align="right">299,399 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td align="right">526,284 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td align="right">1,271,403 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 Estimate </td> <td align="right">2,127,802 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td align="right">2,395,159<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td align="right">2,577,780<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public universities are:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karary_University" title="Karary University">Karary University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omdurman_Islamic_University" title="Omdurman Islamic University">Omdurman Islamic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Holy_Quran_and_Islamic_Sciences" title="University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences">University of the Holy Quran and Islamic Sciences</a></li></ul> <p>Private universities are:<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahfad_University_for_Women" title="Ahfad University for Women">Ahfad University for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omdurman_Ahlia_University" title="Omdurman Ahlia University">Omdurman Ahlia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_-_Omdurman" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Science and Technology - Omdurman">University of Science and Technology - Omdurman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Airport">Airport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg/220px-Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg/330px-Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg/440px-Al_Halfaya_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption>Halfaya Bridge on the Nile linking Omdurman and Khartoum North</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum Airport">Khartoum Airport</a> serves Omdurman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Khartoum_International_Airport"><a href="/wiki/New_Khartoum_International_Airport" title="New Khartoum International Airport">New Khartoum International Airport</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: New Khartoum International Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Sudanese officials, in 2005 a new airport facility had been proposed 30 miles (50 km) south of Omdurman. Arguably speaking to be within the non-defined boundaries of Omdurman, the project was estimated to be completed by 2012 with an estimated budget of $530 million.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction began in 2019 but as of 2021 had been suspended.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nilin_Mosque" title="Al-Nilin Mosque">Al-Nilin Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bant_(Omdurman)" title="Bant (Omdurman)">Bant (Omdurman)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_House_Museum" title="Khalifa House Museum">Khalifa House Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Dictionary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_S._KramerRichard_A._Lobban_Jr.Carolyn_Fluehr-Lobban2013" class="citation book cs1">Robert S. Kramer; Richard A. Lobban Jr.; Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0OKZRewiEOsC&pg=PA338"><i>Historical Dictionary of the Sudan</i></a>. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7940-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7940-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-7940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Sudan&rft.place=Plymouth%2C+UK&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7940-9&rft.au=Robert+S.+Kramer&rft.au=Richard+A.+Lobban+Jr.&rft.au=Carolyn+Fluehr-Lobban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0OKZRewiEOsC%26pg%3DPA338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2003" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Niall (2003). <i>EMPIRE, How Britain Made the Modern World</i>. London England: Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">267–</span>272. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-141-00754-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-141-00754-0"><bdi>978-0-141-00754-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=EMPIRE%2C+How+Britain+Made+the+Modern+World&rft.place=London+England&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E267-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-141-00754-0&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27076">Curfew in capital as Sudanese army clash near Khartoum with Darfur rebels</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191104081817/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27076">Archived</a> 4 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394033.stm">Sudanese rebels 'reach Khartoum'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418094122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7394033.stm">Archived</a> 18 April 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - BBC News 2008-05-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27077">PHOTOS: Sudan capital after today's attack from Darfur JEM</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416090457/http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article27077">Archived</a> 16 April 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Sudan Tribune 2008-05-10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rte.ie/news/world/2023/0605/1387548-sudan-clashes/">"Further clashes between military factions in Khartoum"</a>. 5 June 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Further+clashes+between+military+factions+in+Khartoum&rft.date=2023-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rte.ie%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2023%2F0605%2F1387548-sudan-clashes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WMO-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WMO_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldweather.wmo.int/085/c00249.htm">"World Weather Information Service – Omdurman"</a>. UN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206080422/http://worldweather.wmo.int/085/c00249.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Omdurman&rft.pub=UN&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F085%2Fc00249.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000640">"Average Conditions Omdurman, Sudan"</a>. BBC Weather. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100906133935/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT000640">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Average+Conditions+Omdurman%2C+Sudan&rft.pub=BBC+Weather&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fweather%2Fworld%2Fcity_guides%2Fresults.shtml%3Ftt%3DTT000640&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161129234641/http://mohe.gov.sd/">"Sudanese higher education"</a>. Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohe.gov.sd/">the original</a> on 29 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudanese+higher+education&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Higher+Education+%26+Scientific+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mohe.gov.sd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319195007/http://www.webometrics.info/university_by_country.asp?country=sd">"Universities of Sudan"</a>. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webometrics.info/university_by_country.asp?country=sd">the original</a> on 19 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universities+of+Sudan&rft.pub=Consejo+Superior+de+Investigaciones+Cient%C3%ADficas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webometrics.info%2Funiversity_by_country.asp%3Fcountry%3Dsd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050611055223/https://www.arabnews.com/?page=6&section=0&article=63855&d=16&m=5&y=2005">"Sudan to Build New Airport"</a>. Arab Times. 16 May 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/?page=6&section=0&article=63855&d=16&m=5&y=2005">the original</a> on 11 June 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sudan+to+Build+New+Airport&rft.pub=Arab+Times&rft.date=2005-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2F%3Fpage%3D6%26section%3D0%26article%3D63855%26d%3D16%26m%3D5%26y%3D2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesaerospace.aero/features/airports/why-growing-is-a-pain-at-khartoum">"Why growing is a pain at Khartoum"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+growing+is+a+pain+at+Khartoum&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesaerospace.aero%2Ffeatures%2Fairports%2Fwhy-growing-is-a-pain-at-khartoum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOmdurman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omdurman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Omdurman" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Omdurman">Omdurman</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Omdurman"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Omdurman">"Omdurman" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 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