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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_(geminiann08020a).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg/220px-Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg/330px-Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg/440px-Artist%27s_conceptualization_of_asteriodial_collisions_%28geminiann08020a%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Artist's conception of a dense asteroid field</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> have appeared in fiction since at least the late 1800s,<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> the first one—<a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>—having been discovered in 1801. They were initially only used infrequently as writers preferred the planets as <a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">settings</a>. The once-popular <a href="/wiki/Pha%C3%ABton_hypothesis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaëton hypothesis">Phaëton hypothesis</a>, which states that the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a> consists of the remnants of the former fifth planet that existed in an orbit between <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> before somehow being destroyed, has been a recurring theme with various explanations for the planet's destruction proposed. This hypothetical former planet is in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a> often called "Bodia" in reference to <a href="/wiki/Johann_Elert_Bode" title="Johann Elert Bode">Johann Elert Bode</a>, for whom the since-discredited <a href="/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law" title="Titius–Bode law">Titius–Bode law</a> that predicts the planet's existence is named. By the early 1900s, the asteroids started making more regular appearances. The asteroid field has often been depicted as having asteroids so close together as to impede travel, though this became less common later in the century as writers started portraying a more realistic density. Because the asteroids are so small, they are usually not depicted as inhabited—though in some works they are nevertheless <a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">habitable</a>. In other works they are made so by human activity, be it <a href="/wiki/Terraforming" title="Terraforming">terraforming</a> or hollowing out to create <a href="/wiki/Space_habitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Space habitat">habitats</a> on the inside. The latter concept has also been used for turning asteroids into <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a>. Human activity in the asteroid belt has featured frequently since the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulp era">pulp era</a> of science fiction, particularly in the form of <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">asteroid mining</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">Space piracy</a> also debuted as a theme around the same time. In works where the asteroid belt is settled by humans, it is often conceptually similar to the <a href="/wiki/Wild_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild West">Wild West</a>. The threat of <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact events</a> by asteroids has been a recurring theme. It received successive boosts in popularity following the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> (possibly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_anxiety" title="Nuclear anxiety">nuclear anxiety</a>), the 1980 publication of the <a href="/wiki/Alvarez_hypothesis" title="Alvarez hypothesis">Alvarez hypothesis</a> about the <a href="/wiki/Extinction_of_the_dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinction of the dinosaurs">extinction of the dinosaurs</a>, and the 1994 impact of <a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9</a> on Jupiter. Many stories involve attempts to alter asteroid trajectories to avert such collisions, while in some stories they are instead caused intentionally. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remnants_of_a_planet">Remnants of a planet</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Remnants of a planet">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fictional_planets_of_the_Solar_System#Phaëton" title="Fictional planets of the Solar System">Fictional planets of the Solar System § Phaëton</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:510px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> How might it be if Ceres and Pallas were just a pair of fragments, or portions of a once greater planet which at one time occupied its proper place between Mars and Jupiter, and was in size more analogous to the other planets, and perhaps millions of years ago, had, either through the impact of a comet, or from an internal explosion, burst into pieces? </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Letter from <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Matthias_Olbers" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers">Heinrich Olbers</a> to <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a>, May 17, 1802<a href="#cite_note-Murdin2016-3">[2]</a></cite> </div> The first <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>—<a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>—was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piazzi" title="Giuseppe Piazzi">Giuseppe Piazzi</a> in 1801.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> For the rest of that century, however, asteroids rarely appeared in fiction—writers preferring the planets as <a href="/wiki/Setting_(narrative)" title="Setting (narrative)">settings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> When German astronomer <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Wilhelm_Matthias_Olbers" title="Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers">Heinrich Olbers</a> discovered a second asteroid—<a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a>—in the same orbit in 1802, he theorized that these objects were remnants of a planet predicted by the <a href="/wiki/Titius%E2%80%93Bode_law" title="Titius–Bode law">Titius–Bode law</a> to exist between <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a> that had somehow been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-Murdin2016-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelSteineVomHimmel-7">[6]</a> This became a popular explanation for the existence of the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>, though it has since been superseded by the notion that the material never coalesced into a planet in the first place.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-StanwayTheVerminOfTheSkies-8">[7]</a> In astronomy, this hypothetical former fifth planet is known as <a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Phaeton (hypothetical planet)">Phaëton</a>;<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelSteineVomHimmel-7">[6]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, it is often called "Bodia" after <a href="/wiki/Johann_Elert_Bode" title="Johann Elert Bode">Johann Elert Bode</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GernsbackYearsScienceFictionSolarSystem-9">[8]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Early_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Early science fiction">early science fiction</a> work that mentions this explanation for the origin of the asteroids is <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cromie" title="Robert Cromie">Robert Cromie</a>'s 1895 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Crack_of_Doom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Crack of Doom (page does not exist)">The Crack of Doom</a>, which describes the release of energy stored in <a href="/wiki/Atomic_nucleus" title="Atomic nucleus">atomic nuclei</a> a few thousand years ago as the culprit.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFERobertCromie-10">[9]</a> By the <a href="/wiki/Pulp_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulp era">pulp era</a> of science fiction, Bodia was a recurring theme. In these stories it is typically <a href="/wiki/Earth_analog" title="Earth analog">similar to Earth</a> and inhabited by humans, often advanced humans and occasionally the ancestors of humans on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-GernsbackYearsScienceFictionSolarSystem-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-GernsbackYearsMotifAndThemeIndex-12">[11]</a> Interplanetary warfare with Mars causes the destruction of Bodia—and indirectly, <a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction#Past_and_non-humanoid_life" title="Mars in fiction">the end of civilization on Mars</a>—in <a href="/wiki/Harl_Vincent" title="Harl Vincent">Harl Vincent</a>'s 1930 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Before_the_Asteroids&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Before the Asteroids (page does not exist)">Before the Asteroids</a>".<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> An internal disaster resulting in the explosion of the <a href="/wiki/Planetary_core" title="Planetary core">planetary core</a> is responsible in <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Francis_Kalland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Francis Kalland (page does not exist)">John Francis Kalland</a>'s 1932 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sages_of_Eros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sages of Eros (page does not exist)">The Sages of Eros</a>".<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Leslie_F._Stone" title="Leslie F. Stone">Leslie F. Stone</a>'s 1934 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rape_of_the_Solar_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rape of the Solar System (page does not exist)">The Rape of the Solar System</a>", war with Mars over the colonization of then-uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> results both in the partial destruction of Bodia, thus creating the asteroids, and the displacement of the largest fragment to a much wider orbit to create <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>, while the settlers on Earth eventually become humanity.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Following the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a> in 1945, stories of this planetary destruction became increasingly common, encouraged by the advent of a plausible-seeming means of disintegration.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordPlanet-16">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a>'s 1948 novel <a href="/wiki/Space_Cadet" title="Space Cadet">Space Cadet</a> thus states that the fifth planet was destroyed as a result of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">nuclear war</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a>'s 1948 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asleep_in_Armageddon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asleep in Armageddon (page does not exist)">Asleep in Armageddon</a>" (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> "Perchance to Dream"), the ghosts of the former warring factions infect the mind of an astronaut stranded on an asteroid.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> Several works of the 1950s reused the idea to warn of the dangers of nuclear weapons, including <a href="/wiki/Lord_Dunsany" title="Lord Dunsany">Lord Dunsany</a>'s 1954 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Jorkens" title="Joseph Jorkens">Joseph Jorkens</a> short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gods_of_Clay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gods of Clay (page does not exist)">The Gods of Clay</a>" and <a href="/wiki/James_Blish" title="James Blish">James Blish</a>'s 1957 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Frozen_Year&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Frozen Year (page does not exist)">The Frozen Year</a> (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> Fallen Star).<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Jack_Williamson" title="Jack Williamson">Jack Williamson</a>'s 1942–1951 <a href="/wiki/Seetee_series" title="Seetee series">Seetee series</a> an <a href="/wiki/Antimatter" title="Antimatter">antimatter</a> explosion is to blame,<a href="#cite_note-VisualEncyclopediaTechnologiesAndArtefacts-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Cogswell" title="Theodore Cogswell">Theodore Cogswell</a>'s 1955 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Test_Area&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Test Area (page does not exist)">Test Area</a>", the destruction results from a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_testing" title="Nuclear weapons testing">nuclear test</a> conducted by the inhabitants of Mars, while in Heinlein's 1951 novel <a href="/wiki/Between_Planets" title="Between Planets">Between Planets</a> the technology that caused the destruction has been lost to time.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> The planet's destruction by Martians is also mentioned in Heinlein's 1961 novel <a href="/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land" title="Stranger in a Strange Land">Stranger in a Strange Land</a>, and implied to have been caused using <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> powers.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> The 1977 novel <a href="/wiki/Inherit_the_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Inherit the Stars">Inherit the Stars</a>, the first in <a href="/wiki/James_P._Hogan_(writer)" title="James P. Hogan (writer)">James P. Hogan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Giants_(series)" title="Giants (series)">Giants series</a>, revisits the theme of the fifth planet—here called "Minerva"—being destroyed by nuclear war.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Z._Gallun" title="Raymond Z. Gallun">Raymond Z. Gallun</a>'s 1950 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Step_Farther_Out&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Step Farther Out (page does not exist)">A Step Farther Out</a>", valuables from the destroyed civilization are recovered,<a href="#cite_note-VisualEncyclopediaTechnologiesAndArtefacts-19">[18]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harrison_(writer)" title="Harry Harrison (writer)">Harry Harrison</a>'s 1969 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plague_Ship_(Harrison_novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plague Ship (Harrison novel) (page does not exist)">Plague Ship</a>, an ancient virus is found in the asteroid remnants.<a href="#cite_note-VisualEncyclopediaExplorationAndColonies-22">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Preuss_(author)" title="Paul Preuss (author)">Paul Preuss</a>'s 1985 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Small_Bodies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Small Bodies (page does not exist)">Small Bodies</a>", where <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a> are found on an asteroid, is a late example of the destroyed planet theme;<a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FraknoiAsteroids-23">[22]</a> it has otherwise largely been relegated to deliberately retro works such as the 1989 <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing game</a> <a href="/wiki/Space:_1889" title="Space: 1889">Space: 1889</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> A variation on the theme appears in <a href="/wiki/Clifford_D._Simak" title="Clifford D. Simak">Clifford D. Simak</a>'s 1973 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Construction_Shack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Construction Shack (page does not exist)">Construction Shack</a>", where the asteroids are leftover material originally intended for the construction of a fifth planet.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigational_hazard">Navigational hazard</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Navigational hazard">edit</a>]</div> Asteroids started making more frequent appearances in fiction in the early 1900s, and these works tended to depict the asteroid belt as a region that must be navigated carefully lest one's spaceship should collide with one of the asteroids.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">space opera</a> subgenre in particular often features this motif.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>'s 1939 short story "<a href="/wiki/Marooned_off_Vesta" title="Marooned off Vesta">Marooned off Vesta</a>", a group of astronauts run into this danger,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> and in Williamson's 1949 novel <a href="/wiki/Seetee_Shock" class="mw-redirect" title="Seetee Shock">Seetee Shock</a>, a region of space is virtually impassable for this reason.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> The problem is circumvented in <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clifton" title="Mark Clifton">Mark Clifton</a>'s 1960 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eight_Keys_to_Eden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eight Keys to Eden (page does not exist)">Eight Keys to Eden</a> by exploiting the third dimension of space, since the asteroids are mostly located in the plane of the <a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">ecliptic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> Later works mostly recognize that the individual asteroids are very far apart: the average distance between them is comparable to the <a href="/wiki/Earth%E2%80%93Moon_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth–Moon distance">Earth–Moon distance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts-24">[23]</a> Accordingly, they pose little danger to spacecraft,<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> though this need not necessarily be the case in asteroid fields outside of our <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Nevertheless, the idea of a thick asteroid field that poses constant danger to any spaceship within it recurs in the 1979 video game <a href="/wiki/Asteroids_(video_game)" title="Asteroids (video game)">Asteroids</a>,<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> and close-quarter <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfights</a> between spacecraft among asteroids appear in the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a> film <a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Strikes_Back" title="The Empire Strikes Back">The Empire Strikes Back</a> and the 1995–1996 television series <a href="/wiki/Space:_Above_and_Beyond" title="Space: Above and Beyond">Space: Above and Beyond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> A densely packed extrasolar asteroid field in the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Centauri" title="Alpha Centauri">Alpha Centauri</a> system also appears in the 1981 episode "The Golden Man" of the television series <a href="/wiki/Buck_Rogers_in_the_25th_Century_(TV_series)" title="Buck Rogers in the 25th Century (TV series)">Buck Rogers in the 25th Century</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts-24">[23]</a> <a href="/wiki/Piers_Anthony" title="Piers Anthony">Piers Anthony</a>'s 1984 novel <a href="/wiki/Mercenary_(novel)" title="Mercenary (novel)">Mercenary</a> goes so far in its adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Hungary" title="First Mongol invasion of Hungary">1241 Mongol invasion of Hungary</a> to the asteroid belt that it treats space as two-dimensional and constrains movement accordingly.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_life">Native life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Native life">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wonder_stories_193210.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wonder_stories_193210.jpg/220px-Wonder_stories_193210.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Wonder_stories_193210.jpg/330px-Wonder_stories_193210.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Wonder_stories_193210.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Clark_Ashton_Smith" title="Clark Ashton Smith">Clark Ashton Smith</a>'s "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_the_Asteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of the Asteroid (page does not exist)">Master of the Asteroid</a>" illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Paul" title="Frank R. Paul">Frank R. Paul</a> on the cover of <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Stories" title="Wonder Stories">Wonder Stories</a>, October 1932</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_life" title="Extraterrestrial life">Alien life</a> on asteroids appears only rarely in fiction, owing to their small size.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> An early example is found in <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tsiolkovsky" title="Konstantin Tsiolkovsky">Konstantin Tsiolkovsky</a>'s 1896 short work "<a href="/w/index.php?title=On_Vesta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="On Vesta (page does not exist)">On Vesta</a>", where <a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Extraterrestrial intelligence">the lifeforms are intelligent</a> and technologically advanced.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> Humans stranded on an asteroid encounter hostile aliens in <a href="/wiki/Clark_Ashton_Smith" title="Clark Ashton Smith">Clark Ashton Smith</a>'s 1932 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Master_of_the_Asteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Master of the Asteroid (page does not exist)">Master of the Asteroid</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Hamilton" title="Edmond Hamilton">Edmond Hamilton</a>'s 1933 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Horror_on_the_Asteroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Horror on the Asteroid (page does not exist)">The Horror on the Asteroid</a>".<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The titular reptilian of <a href="/wiki/Eden_Phillpotts" title="Eden Phillpotts">Eden Phillpotts</a>'s 1938 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saurus_(novel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saurus (novel) (page does not exist)">Saurus</a> comes to Earth from an asteroid as an egg before hatching,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> and an asteroid is likewise the homeworld of the title character in <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Saint-Exup%C3%A9ry" title="Antoine de Saint-Exupéry">Antoine de Saint-Exupéry</a>'s 1943 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Little_Prince" title="The Little Prince">The Little Prince</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Alien plant life on an asteroid turns it not only <a href="/wiki/Planetary_habitability" title="Planetary habitability">habitable</a> but paradisiacal in <a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a>'s 1952 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Garden_in_the_Void&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garden in the Void (page does not exist)">Garden in the Void</a>",<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> and the inhabitants of an asteroid in <a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick" title="Philip K. Dick">Philip K. Dick</a>'s 1953 <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a> "<a href="/wiki/Piper_in_the_Woods" title="Piper in the Woods">Piper in the Woods</a>" persuade human visitors that being a plant is preferable to being human,<a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> while a <a href="/wiki/Silicon-based_lifeform" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon-based lifeform">silicon-based lifeform</a> from an asteroid appears in Asimov's 1955 short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Talking_Stone" title="The Talking Stone">The Talking Stone</a>".<a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Brown" title="Fredric Brown">Fredric Brown</a>'s 1957 <a href="/wiki/Fix-up" title="Fix-up">fix-up</a> novel <a href="/wiki/Rogue_in_Space" title="Rogue in Space">Rogue in Space</a>, an asteroid is itself alive.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> The notion that asteroids might harbour <a href="/wiki/Microbial_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbial life">microbial life</a>, possibly even deadly <a href="/wiki/Pathogen" title="Pathogen">pathogens</a> that could be transferred to Earth either directly by impacting the planet or indirectly via astronauts visiting the asteroid, also surfaces occasionally.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_presence">Human presence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human presence">edit</a>]</div> A new concept was introduced in the pulp era of science fiction: <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">asteroid mining</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> This quickly became the most popular fiction use for the asteroids, and the asteroid belt was often portrayed as the setting of a space version of the <a href="/wiki/Klondike_Gold_Rush" title="Klondike Gold Rush">Klondike</a> or <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a> in works like Simak's 1932 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Asteroid_of_Gold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Asteroid of Gold (page does not exist)">The Asteroid of Gold</a>", <a href="/wiki/Stanton_A._Coblentz" title="Stanton A. Coblentz">Stanton A. Coblentz</a>'s 1935 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Golden_Planetoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Golden Planetoid (page does not exist)">The Golden Planetoid</a>", and <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Jameson" title="Malcolm Jameson">Malcolm Jameson</a>'s 1940 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Prospectors_of_Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prospectors of Space (page does not exist)">Prospectors of Space</a>".<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> Along with this outer-space analogy of the <a href="/wiki/Western_(genre)" title="Western (genre)">Western</a> genre came the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Space_pirate" title="Space pirate">space piracy</a> to the asteroids in works like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moore_Raymond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moore Raymond (page does not exist)">Moore Raymond</a>'s 1934 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Scouts_of_Space&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scouts of Space (page does not exist)">Scouts of Space</a>" and Royal W. Heckman's 1938 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroid_Pirates_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteroid Pirates (short story) (page does not exist)">Asteroid Pirates</a>", as well as stories of stranded astronauts as in <a href="/wiki/John_Wyndham" title="John Wyndham">John Wyndham</a>'s 1933 short story "<a href="/wiki/Exiles_on_Asperus" title="Exiles on Asperus">Exiles on Asperus</a>" and the above-mentioned "Master of the Asteroid" and "Marooned off Vesta".<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> These themes continued to appear in the decades that followed: Heinlein's 1952 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_(novel)" title="The Rolling Stones (novel)">The Rolling Stones</a> portrays a community of asteroid miners, Asimov's 1953 novel <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Starr_and_the_Pirates_of_the_Asteroids" title="Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids">Lucky Starr and the Pirates of the Asteroids</a> features space pirates, and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a>'s 1960 short story "<a href="/wiki/Summertime_on_Icarus" title="Summertime on Icarus">Summertime on Icarus</a>" depicts an astronaut stranded on the asteroid <a href="/wiki/1566_Icarus" title="1566 Icarus">Icarus</a> as it makes a close approach to the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FraknoiAsteroids-23">[22]</a> The prospect of <a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">colonizing</a> the asteroids was limited by their small size,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> though this did not stop some works such as the 1959–1964 science fiction <a href="/wiki/Anthology_series" title="Anthology series">anthology series</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Zone_(1959_TV_series)" title="The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)">The Twilight Zone</a> from portraying asteroids with breathable atmospheres and <a href="/wiki/Gravity_of_Earth" title="Gravity of Earth">Earth-level gravity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts-24">[23]</a> Somewhat more realistic portrayals of human-habitable asteroids involve <a href="/wiki/Terraforming" title="Terraforming">terraforming</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ernst_(American_writer)" title="Paul Ernst (American writer)">Paul Ernst</a>'s 1931 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Planetoid_of_Peril&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Planetoid of Peril (page does not exist)">The Planetoid of Peril</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Vance" title="Jack Vance">Jack Vance</a>'s 1947 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=I%27ll_Build_Your_Dream_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="I'll Build Your Dream Castle (page does not exist)">I'll Build Your Dream Castle</a>", or hollowing them out to create <a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">space stations or habitats</a>, as in Heinlein's 1939 short story "<a href="/wiki/Misfit_(short_story)" title="Misfit (short story)">Misfit</a>".<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> In "I'll Build Your Dream Castle", the terraformed asteroids are sold as luxury real estate,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> while in <a href="/wiki/Charles_Platt_(author)" title="Charles Platt (author)">Charles Platt</a>'s 1967 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbage_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbage World (page does not exist)">Garbage World</a>, a terraforming effort gone wrong results in an asteroid being used as a dumping place for the Solar System's garbage.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> The concept of hollowing out asteroids has also extended to turning them into large spacecraft, as in <a href="/wiki/Murray_Leinster" title="Murray Leinster">Murray Leinster</a>'s 1960 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Wailing_Asteroid" title="The Wailing Asteroid">The Wailing Asteroid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFEWorldShips-31">[30]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Pohl" title="Frederik Pohl">Frederik Pohl</a>'s 1977 novel <a href="/wiki/Gateway_(novel)" title="Gateway (novel)">Gateway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heechee_Saga" title="Heechee Saga">its sequels</a>, an asteroid that orbits at an unusual ninety-degree angle to the ecliptic turns out to have been modified in this way by aliens long ago,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> while in <a href="/wiki/George_Zebrowski" title="George Zebrowski">George Zebrowski</a>'s 1979 novel <a href="/wiki/Macrolife" title="Macrolife">Macrolife</a> humanity converts a large number of asteroids into spacecraft for <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_travel" title="Interstellar travel">interstellar travel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> Another alien-modified asteroid appears in <a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a>'s 1985 novel <a href="/wiki/Eon_(novel)" title="Eon (novel)">Eon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Sargent" title="Pamela Sargent">Pamela Sargent</a>'s 1983 novel <a href="/wiki/Earthseed_(novel)" title="Earthseed (novel)">Earthseed</a> an asteroidal <a href="/wiki/Generation_ship" title="Generation ship">generation ship</a> is used for settling the cosmos.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFEWorldShips-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFEGenerationStarships-32">[31]</a> Hollowed-out asteroids used as prisons in <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstellar space">interstellar space</a> appear in Zebrowski's 1998 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brute_Orbits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brute Orbits (page does not exist)">Brute Orbits</a>,<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFEGeorgeZebrowski-33">[32]</a> and the asteroid <a href="/wiki/579_Sidonia" title="579 Sidonia">Sidonia</a> is converted into another generation ship in the 2014–2015 <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Sidonia" title="Knights of Sidonia">Knights of Sidonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Settlement in the asteroid belt is in fiction often associated with a fiercely-independent, <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarian</a>-minded, <a href="/wiki/Frontier" title="Frontier">frontier</a> mentality akin to that of the <a href="/wiki/Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West">Old West</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> Anderson's 1970 fix-up novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tales_of_the_Flying_Mountains&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tales of the Flying Mountains (page does not exist)">Tales of the Flying Mountains</a> recounts the history of such a society and the development of its particular culture,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> in <a href="/wiki/Katherine_MacLean" title="Katherine MacLean">Katherine MacLean</a>'s 1975 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Gambling_Hell_and_the_Sinful_Girl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Gambling Hell and the Sinful Girl (page does not exist)">The Gambling Hell and the Sinful Girl</a>" the asteroids are settled by "outcasts from earth",<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a>'s stories of <a href="/wiki/Known_Space" title="Known Space">Known Space</a>, such as the 1975 short story collection <a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Known_Space" title="Tales of Known Space">Tales of Known Space</a>, depict a community of hardened asteroid-miners known as "Belters".<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Varley_(author)" title="John Varley (author)">John Varley</a>'s 1974–1986 <a href="/wiki/Eight_Worlds" title="Eight Worlds">Eight Worlds</a> series transposes this motif from the asteroid belt to the remote <a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a> at the outer edge of the Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-StanwayThereForTheTaking-38">[37]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sheffield" title="Charles Sheffield">Charles Sheffield</a>'s 1995 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Ganymede_Club" title="The Ganymede Club">The Ganymede Club</a>, war breaks out over <a href="/wiki/Trade_war" title="Trade war">trade disputes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> and in the Asteroid Wars subseries of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Bova" title="Ben Bova">Ben Bova</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour_(novel_series)" title="Grand Tour (novel series)">Grand Tour series</a>, starting with the 2001 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Precipice_(Bova_novel)" title="The Precipice (Bova novel)">The Precipice</a>, different factions compete for control of the resources in the asteroid belt,<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Chris_Bunch" title="Chris Bunch">Chris Bunch</a>'s 2002 novel <a href="/wiki/Star_Risk,_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Risk, Ltd">Star Risk, Ltd</a> revisits the older <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/trope" class="extiw" title="wikt:trope">trope</a> of asteroid miners fighting against space pirates.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kim_Stanley_Robinson" title="Kim Stanley Robinson">Kim Stanley Robinson</a>'s 2012 novel <a href="/wiki/2312_(novel)" title="2312 (novel)">2312</a>, by contrast, depicts asteroids adapted for human habitation as an integrated part of a thoroughly colonized Solar System.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Astrophysicist <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_Stanway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth Stanway (page does not exist)">Elizabeth Stanway</a> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q127710708#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q127710708">Wikidata</a>] writes that while the portrayal of the inhabitants of the asteroid belt as independent-minded remains common in works such as <a href="/wiki/James_S._A._Corey" title="James S. A. Corey">James S. A. Corey</a>'s (joint pseudonym of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Abraham_(author)" title="Daniel Abraham (author)">Daniel Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ty_Franck" title="Ty Franck">Ty Franck</a>) 2011–2021 novel series <a href="/wiki/The_Expanse_(novel_series)" title="The Expanse (novel series)">The Expanse</a> and its <a href="/wiki/The_Expanse_(TV_series)" title="The Expanse (TV series)">2015–2022 television adaptation</a>, there has also emerged a portrayal of the region as dominated by corporate interests as in the 2017 <a href="/wiki/Doctor_Who" title="Doctor Who">Doctor Who</a> episode "<a href="/wiki/Oxygen_(Doctor_Who)" title="Oxygen (Doctor Who)">Oxygen</a>".<a href="#cite_note-StanwayThereForTheTaking-38">[37]</a> Colonized asteroids also appear in games such as the <a href="/wiki/Warhammer_40,000" title="Warhammer 40,000">Warhammer 40,000</a> franchise and the 2009 tabletop role-playing game <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_Phase" title="Eclipse Phase">Eclipse Phase</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Resource extraction from asteroids has remained a common theme in science fiction, serving many different purposes both in space and on Earth.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Besides being sources of valuable materials such as <a href="/wiki/Precious_metal" title="Precious metal">precious metals</a> to be sold for profit,<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> asteroids may be repurposed as raw material for <a href="/wiki/Space_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Space construction">space construction</a> projects,<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> and certain compounds such as ice may be used for terraforming.<a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Other compounds may be used on-site for <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a> purposes, as <a href="/wiki/Rocket_fuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket fuel">rocket fuel</a>, or to set up a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_ecological_life-support_system" title="Controlled ecological life-support system">controlled ecological life-support system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">Fred Hoyle</a>'s 1967 short story "<a href="/wiki/Element_79_(anthology)" title="Element 79 (anthology)">Element 79</a>", large quantities of asteroidal <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> disrupt the <a href="/wiki/World_economy" title="World economy">global economy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FraknoiAsteroids-23">[22]</a> a topic earlier broached by <a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French science fiction</a> author <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s posthumously-published 1908 novel <a href="/wiki/The_Chase_of_the_Golden_Meteor" title="The Chase of the Golden Meteor">The Chase of the Golden Meteor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> In Robinson's 1992 novel <a href="/wiki/Red_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Mars">Red Mars</a>, material from the asteroid belt is used to construct a <a href="/wiki/Space_elevator" title="Space elevator">space elevator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_events">Impact events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Impact events">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Impact_events_in_fiction" title="Impact events in fiction">Impact events in fiction</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Refer to caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg/220px-Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg/330px-Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg/440px-Planetoid_crashing_into_primordial_Earth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1431" data-file-height="1083" /></a><figcaption>Artist's depiction of an apocalyptic impact event</figcaption></figure> The threat of asteroidal <a href="/wiki/Impact_event" title="Impact event">impact events</a> is a recurring theme.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> The earliest fictional example, according to <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction scholar">science fiction scholar</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Gary Westfahl</a>, is arguably <a href="/wiki/George_Allan_England" title="George Allan England">George Allan England</a>'s 1912–1913 <a href="/wiki/Serial_(literature)" title="Serial (literature)">serial</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darkness_and_Dawn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darkness and Dawn (page does not exist)">Darkness and Dawn</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Post-apocalyptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-apocalyptic">post-apocalyptic</a> story where the exact cause of destruction is never specified but there is a crater hundreds of miles wide and deep in the former <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> In the 1916–1917 serial "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Moonmaker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Moonmaker (page does not exist)">The Moonmaker</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cheney_Train" title="Arthur Cheney Train">Arthur Cheney Train</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Wood" title="Robert W. Wood">Robert W. Wood</a>, an errant asteroid is diverted to enter <a href="/wiki/Geocentric_orbit" title="Geocentric orbit">Earth orbit</a> as an additional <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a> instead of striking the Earth,<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> a plot point that recurs in Isaac R. Nathanson's 1930 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Falling_Planetoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Falling Planetoid (page does not exist)">The Falling Planetoid</a>".<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Kateley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Kateley (page does not exist)">Walter Kateley</a>'s 1930 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_World_of_a_Hundred_Men&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The World of a Hundred Men (page does not exist)">The World of a Hundred Men</a>", a record of an inhabited asteroid's history leading up to its collision with Earth is found underneath <a href="/wiki/Meteor_Crater" title="Meteor Crater">Meteor Crater</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> The asteroid impact motif increased in popularity from the 1950s onward, possibly as a result of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_anxiety" title="Nuclear anxiety">nuclear anxiety</a> following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gohd2021-45">[44]</a> Examples include the 1958 Italian film <a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Sky_Exploded" title="The Day the Sky Exploded">The Day the Sky Exploded</a>, the 1967 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Torrent_of_Faces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Torrent of Faces (page does not exist)">A Torrent of Faces</a> by James Blish and <a href="/wiki/Norman_L._Knight" title="Norman L. Knight">Norman L. Knight</a>, and the 1968 Japanese film <a href="/wiki/The_Green_Slime" title="The Green Slime">The Green Slime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gohd2021-45">[44]</a> In Clarke's 1973 novel <a href="/wiki/Rendezvous_with_Rama" title="Rendezvous with Rama">Rendezvous with Rama</a>, a disastrous asteroid impact motivates humanity to keep close track of Solar System objects thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Benford" title="Gregory Benford">Gregory Benford</a> wrote three stories in short succession that revolve around the topic: "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Icarus_Descending&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Icarus Descending (page does not exist)">Icarus Descending</a>" in 1973, "<a href="/w/index.php?title=How_It_All_Went&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="How It All Went (page does not exist)">How It All Went</a>" in 1976, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shiva_Descending&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shiva Descending (page does not exist)">Shiva Descending</a> in 1980—the last one in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/William_Rotsler" title="William Rotsler">William Rotsler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> Clarke revisited the theme in 1993 with the novel <a href="/wiki/The_Hammer_of_God_(Clarke_novel)" title="The Hammer of God (Clarke novel)">The Hammer of God</a>, which revolves around efforts to avert the disaster.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> Additional boosts to the theme's popularity came in 1980 with the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Alvarez_hypothesis" title="Alvarez hypothesis">Alvarez hypothesis</a>, which states that the <a href="/wiki/Extinction_of_the_dinosaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinction of the dinosaurs">extinction of the dinosaurs</a> 65 million years ago was caused by an asteroid impact that created the <a href="/wiki/Chicxulub_crater" title="Chicxulub crater">Chicxulub crater</a> off the coast of Mexico,<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> and in 1994 with the collision of <a href="/wiki/Comet_Shoemaker%E2%80%93Levy_9" title="Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9">Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9</a> with Jupiter.<a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-HartwellTheSkyOnTheGround-48">[47]</a> The latter in particular is credited with inspiring a large number of <a href="/wiki/Disaster_film" title="Disaster film">disaster films</a> and other on-screen portrayals of impact events or threats thereof—be they by asteroids or other objects such as <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>—in the years that followed.<a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-HartwellTheSkyOnTheGround-48">[47]</a> Among these are the 1997 TV miniseries <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_(film)" title="Asteroid (film)">Asteroid</a> and the 1998 film <a href="/wiki/Armageddon_(1998_film)" title="Armageddon (1998 film)">Armageddon</a>; the concept had earlier appeared in the 1979 film <a href="/wiki/Meteor_(film)" title="Meteor (film)">Meteor</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Brian Stableford</a> writes in <a href="/wiki/Science_Fact_and_Science_Fiction:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia">Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia</a> that by the beginning of the new millennium, asteroidal impact events and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> were the two most popular scenarios in <a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocalyptic fiction">apocalyptic fiction</a>.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> Altering asteroid trajectories, besides being a means to avert impact events as in <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride_Allen" title="Roger MacBride Allen">Roger MacBride Allen</a>'s 1988 novel <a href="/wiki/Farside_Cannon" title="Farside Cannon">Farside Cannon</a>, also appears in fiction as a way to cause them.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Bob_Shaw" title="Bob Shaw">Bob Shaw</a>'s 1981 novel <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ceres_Solution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Ceres Solution (page does not exist)">The Ceres Solution</a>, Ceres is deliberately crashed into the Moon.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a> Impact events are occasionally weaponized; Earth is targeted with asteroids in this manner by aliens as a form of interplanetary warfare in Heinlein's 1959 novel <a href="/wiki/Starship_Troopers" title="Starship Troopers">Starship Troopers</a>, Niven and <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>'s 1985 novel <a href="/wiki/Footfall" title="Footfall">Footfall</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Feintuch" title="David Feintuch">David Feintuch</a>'s 1996 novel <a href="/wiki/Fisherman%27s_Hope" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisherman's Hope">Fisherman's Hope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> A human redirects asteroids from the distant Oort cloud towards Earth in an act of attempted <a href="/wiki/Mass_murder" title="Mass murder">mass murder</a> in <a href="/wiki/Don_Bingle" title="Don Bingle">Don Bingle</a>'s 2002 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Patience_(Bingle_short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patience (Bingle short story) (page does not exist)">Patience</a>", and an asteroid is set on a collision course with one of the <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune">moons of Neptune</a> to create an additional <a href="/wiki/Planetary_ring" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary ring">planetary ring</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Reynolds" title="Alastair Reynolds">Alastair Reynolds</a>'s 2012 short story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vainglory_(short_story)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vainglory (short story) (page does not exist)">Vainglory</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FraknoiAsteroids-23">[22]</a> while another human-caused—but this time unintentional—impact event appears in <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Baxter_(author)" title="Stephen Baxter (author)">Stephen Baxter</a>'s 1997 novel <a href="/wiki/Titan_(Baxter_novel)" title="Titan (Baxter novel)">Titan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">[20]</a> Asteroid diversion also appears in <a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Harness" title="Charles L. Harness">Charles L. Harness</a>'s 2000 <a href="/wiki/Time_travel" title="Time travel">time travel</a> story "<a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Boost_in_Time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Boost in Time (page does not exist)">A Boost in Time</a>" in an attempt to save the <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaurs</a> from extinction.<a href="#cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><img alt="A photomontage of the eight planets and the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/220px-Solar_system.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/330px-Solar_system.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Solar_system.jpg/440px-Solar_system.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5600" usemap="#ImageMap_239055dbda40f215" resource="/wiki/File:Solar_system.jpg" /><map name="ImageMap_239055dbda40f215"><area href="/wiki/Neptune_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="61,230,32" alt="Neptune in fiction" title="Neptune in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Uranus_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="105,220,26" alt="Uranus in fiction" title="Uranus in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Saturn_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="141,194,30" alt="Saturn in fiction" title="Saturn in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Jupiter_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="169,141,39" alt="Jupiter in fiction" title="Jupiter in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="147,87,22" alt="Mars in fiction" title="Mars in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Earth_in_science_fiction" shape="circle" coords="116,56,25" alt="Earth in science fiction" title="Earth in science fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Moon_in_science_fiction" shape="circle" coords="155,29,14" alt="Moon in science fiction" title="Moon in science fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Venus_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="77,38,23" alt="Venus in fiction" title="Venus in fiction" /><area href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fiction" shape="circle" coords="48,26,16" alt="Mercury in fiction" title="Mercury in fiction" /></map><figcaption>Clicking on a planet leads to the article about its depiction in fiction.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_in_fiction" title="Pluto in fiction">Pluto in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunguska_event_in_fiction" title="Tunguska event in fiction">Tunguska event in fiction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The earliest example listed in the catalogue of <a href="/wiki/Early_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Early science fiction">early science fiction</a> works compiled by <a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">E. F. Bleiler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Richard Bleiler</a> in the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Reference_work" title="Reference work">reference work</a> <a href="/wiki/Science-Fiction:_The_Early_Years" title="Science-Fiction: The Early Years">Science-Fiction: The Early Years</a> is the anonymously published 1886 story <a href="/w/index.php?title=Man_Abroad:_A_Yarn_of_Some_Other_Century&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Man Abroad: A Yarn of Some Other Century (page does not exist)">Man Abroad: A Yarn of Some Other Century</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBleiler1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEZxhkG5eikC&pg=PA864">"Motif and Theme Index"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-Fiction:_The_Early_Years" title="Science-Fiction: The Early Years">Science-fiction, the Early Years: A Full Description of More Than 3,000 Science-fiction Stories from Earliest Times to the Appearance of the Genre Magazines in 1930: with Author, Title, and Motif Indexes</a>. With the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Richard J. Bleiler</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 864. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2"><bdi>978-0-87338-416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motif+and+Theme+Index&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%2C+the+Early+Years%3A+A+Full+Description+of+More+Than+3%2C000+Science-fiction+Stories+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Appearance+of+the+Genre+Magazines+in+1930%3A+with+Author%2C+Title%2C+and+Motif+Indexes&rft.pages=864&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-416-2&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKEZxhkG5eikC%26pg%3DPA864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murdin2016-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murdin2016_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murdin2016_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurdin2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Murdin" title="Paul Murdin">Murdin, Paul</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QDusDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA42">"Pallas: A Second New Planet"</a>. Rock Legends: The Asteroids and Their Discoverers. Springer. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-31836-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-31836-3"><bdi>978-3-319-31836-3</bdi></a>. <q>Within weeks of his discovery, Olbers had an explanation for why there were two planets in the same orbit. [...] Olbers fleshed out the idea in a letter to William Herschel on May 17, 1802</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pallas%3A+A+Second+New+Planet&rft.btitle=Rock+Legends%3A+The+Asteroids+and+Their+Discoverers&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-319-31836-3&rft.aulast=Murdin&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQDusDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFEAsteroids-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFEAsteroids_4-40">ao</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStablefordLangford2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/asteroids">"Asteroids"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). Retrieved 2023-10-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asteroids&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Langford%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fasteroids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StablefordAsteroid-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StablefordAsteroid_5-32">ag</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uefwmdROKTAC&pg=PA40">"Asteroid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Fact_and_Science_Fiction:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia">Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia</a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97460-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97460-8"><bdi>978-0-415-97460-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asteroid&rft.btitle=Science+Fact+and+Science+Fiction%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97460-8&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuefwmdROKTAC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WestfahlAsteroids-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WestfahlAsteroids_6-33">ah</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Westfahl, Gary</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WETPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139">"Asteroids"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Literature_through_History:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia">Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 139–141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3"><bdi>978-1-4408-6617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asteroids&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Literature+through+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=139-141&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6617-3&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWETPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WandererAmHimmelSteineVomHimmel-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelSteineVomHimmel_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelSteineVomHimmel_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaryadRömerZingsem2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caryad; Römer, Thomas; Zingsem, Vera (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y_WJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA162">"Steine vom Himmel – und eine Lücke im Sonnensystem"</a> [Rocks from the Sky – and a Gap in the Solar System]. Wanderer am Himmel: Die Welt der Planeten in Astronomie und Mythologie [Wanderers in the Sky: The World of the Planets in Astronomy and Mythology] (in German). Springer-Verlag. pp. 162–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-55343-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-55343-1"><bdi>978-3-642-55343-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Steine+vom+Himmel+%E2%80%93+und+eine+L%C3%BCcke+im+Sonnensystem&rft.btitle=Wanderer+am+Himmel%3A+Die+Welt+der+Planeten+in+Astronomie+und+Mythologie&rft.pages=162-164&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-642-55343-1&rft.au=Caryad&rft.au=R%C3%B6mer%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Zingsem%2C+Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy_WJBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StanwayTheVerminOfTheSkies-8"><a href="#cite_ref-StanwayTheVerminOfTheSkies_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanway2022" class="citation web cs1">Stanway, Elizabeth (2022-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/astro/people/stanway/sciencefiction/cosmicstories/the_vermin_of">"The Vermin of the Skies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warwick_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwick University">Warwick University</a>. Cosmic Stories Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320185313/https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/astro/people/stanway/sciencefiction/cosmicstories/the_vermin_of/">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-03-20. Retrieved 2024-04-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warwick+University&rft.atitle=The+Vermin+of+the+Skies&rft.date=2022-10-02&rft.aulast=Stanway&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Fsci%2Fphysics%2Fresearch%2Fastro%2Fpeople%2Fstanway%2Fsciencefiction%2Fcosmicstories%2Fthe_vermin_of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GernsbackYearsScienceFictionSolarSystem-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GernsbackYearsScienceFictionSolarSystem_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GernsbackYearsScienceFictionSolarSystem_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA539">"The Science-Fiction Solar System"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 539. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Science-Fiction+Solar+System&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=539&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA539&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFERobertCromie-10"><a href="#cite_ref-SFERobertCromie_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClute2022" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/cromie_robert">"Cromie, Robert"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-02-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cromie%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fcromie_robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PR17">"Introduction"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. pp. xvii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>. <q>The "science" in science-fiction of the Gernsback period was not wholly borrowed from the outside world. Some concepts were created on a mythical level. [...] Particularly interesting is the establishment of "Bodia" (according to one cosmology of the day, a former fifth planet whose destruction formed the asteroids) as the ultimate origin of mankind and possessor of a supercivilization.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=xvii&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPR17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GernsbackYearsMotifAndThemeIndex-12"><a href="#cite_ref-GernsbackYearsMotifAndThemeIndex_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA627">"Motif and Theme Index"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. pp. 627–628. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>. <q>Bode's Fifth Planet, "Bodia." (A hypothetical planet between Mars and Jupiter that broke up to form the asteroid belt. It is usually fictionally considered as Earth-like, with a human population.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motif+and+Theme+Index&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=627-628&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA455">"Vincent, Harl"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. pp. 455–456. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vincent%2C+Harl&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=455-456&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA204">"Kalland, John Francis"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kalland%2C+John+Francis&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA417">"Stone, Leslie F."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 417. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stone%2C+Leslie+F.&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=417&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StablefordPlanet-16"><a href="#cite_ref-StablefordPlanet_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uefwmdROKTAC&pg=PA375">"Planet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Fact_and_Science_Fiction:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia">Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97460-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-97460-8"><bdi>978-0-415-97460-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Planet&rft.btitle=Science+Fact+and+Science+Fiction%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=375&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-97460-8&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuefwmdROKTAC%26pg%3DPA375&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GreenwoodCometsAndAsteroids_17-15">p</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillett2005" class="citation book cs1">Gillett, Stephen L. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenwoodencyclo0000unse_k2b9/page/146/mode/2up">"Comets and Asteroids"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Westfahl, Gary</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Greenwood_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy:_Themes,_Works,_and_Wonders" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders">The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 146–148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32951-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32951-7"><bdi>978-0-313-32951-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Comets+and+Asteroids&rft.btitle=The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy%3A+Themes%2C+Works%2C+and+Wonders&rft.pages=146-148&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32951-7&rft.aulast=Gillett&rft.aufirst=Stephen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenwoodencyclo0000unse_k2b9%2Fpage%2F146%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TheZoneMomentosOfCreation_18-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampton2000" class="citation magazine cs1">Hampton, Steven (Summer 2000). Lee, Tony (ed.). "Momentos of Creation: Asteroids & Comets in SF". The Planets Project: A Science Fictional Tour of the Solar System. <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Zone_(magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Zone (magazine) (page does not exist)">The Zone</a>. No. 9. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1351-5217">1351-5217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Zone&rft.atitle=Momentos+of+Creation%3A+Asteroids+%26+Comets+in+SF&rft.ssn=summer&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=2000&rft.issn=1351-5217&rft.aulast=Hampton&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VisualEncyclopediaTechnologiesAndArtefacts-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VisualEncyclopediaTechnologiesAndArtefacts_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-VisualEncyclopediaTechnologiesAndArtefacts_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsh1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ash_(bibliographer)" title="Brian Ash (bibliographer)">Ash, Brian</a>, ed. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/visualencycloped00ashb/page/163/mode/2up">"Technologies and Artefacts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a>. Harmony Books. pp. 163–164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-53174-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-53174-7"><bdi>0-517-53174-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2984418">2984418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Technologies+and+Artefacts&rft.btitle=The+Visual+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=163-164&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2984418&rft.isbn=0-517-53174-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvisualencycloped00ashb%2Fpage%2F163%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClute2024" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/williamson_jack">"Williamson, Jack"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-02-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Williamson%2C+Jack&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fwilliamson_jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WandererAmHimmelAsteroids_21-16">q</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaryadRömerZingsem2014" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Caryad; Römer, Thomas; Zingsem, Vera (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=y_WJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA170">"Science vs. Fiction: der ganz andere Asteroidengürtel aus Roman und Film"</a> [Science vs. Fiction: The Entirely Different Asteroid Belt from Novel and Film]. Wanderer am Himmel: Die Welt der Planeten in Astronomie und Mythologie [Wanderers in the Sky: The World of the Planets in Astronomy and Mythology] (in German). Springer-Verlag. pp. 170–172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-55343-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-55343-1"><bdi>978-3-642-55343-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+vs.+Fiction%3A+der+ganz+andere+Asteroideng%C3%BCrtel+aus+Roman+und+Film&rft.btitle=Wanderer+am+Himmel%3A+Die+Welt+der+Planeten+in+Astronomie+und+Mythologie&rft.pages=170-172&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-642-55343-1&rft.au=Caryad&rft.au=R%C3%B6mer%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Zingsem%2C+Vera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy_WJBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VisualEncyclopediaExplorationAndColonies-22"><a href="#cite_ref-VisualEncyclopediaExplorationAndColonies_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsh1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Ash_(bibliographer)" title="Brian Ash (bibliographer)">Ash, Brian</a>, ed. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/visualencycloped00ashb/page/82/mode/2up">"Exploration and Colonies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Visual_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Visual Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a>. Harmony Books. p. 82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-53174-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-53174-7"><bdi>0-517-53174-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2984418">2984418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Exploration+and+Colonies&rft.btitle=The+Visual+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=82&rft.pub=Harmony+Books&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2984418&rft.isbn=0-517-53174-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvisualencycloped00ashb%2Fpage%2F82%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FraknoiAsteroids-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FraknoiAsteroids_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FraknoiAsteroids_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FraknoiAsteroids_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FraknoiAsteroids_23-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraknoi2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fraknoi" title="Andrew Fraknoi">Fraknoi, Andrew</a> (January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astrosociety.org/file_download/inline/7b5edc23-7a89-46c1-a6b3-33a30ed4c876">"Science Fiction Stories with Good Astronomy & Physics: A Topical Index"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific" title="Astronomical Society of the Pacific">Astronomical Society of the Pacific</a> (7.3 ed.). pp. 2, 7–8. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240210011957/https://astrosociety.org/file_download/inline/7b5edc23-7a89-46c1-a6b3-33a30ed4c876">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2024-02-10. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=Science+Fiction+Stories+with+Good+Astronomy+%26+Physics%3A+A+Topical+Index&rft.pages=2%2C+7-8&rft.date=2024-01&rft.aulast=Fraknoi&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastrosociety.org%2Ffile_download%2Finline%2F7b5edc23-7a89-46c1-a6b3-33a30ed4c876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BloomAsteroidsCometsAndImpacts_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2016" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Steven D. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8NbIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA57">"Asteroids, Comets, and Impacts"</a>. The Physics and Astronomy of Science Fiction: Understanding Interstellar Travel, Teleportation, Time Travel, Alien Life and Other Genre Fixtures. McFarland. pp. 57–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7053-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-7053-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-7053-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asteroids%2C+Comets%2C+and+Impacts&rft.btitle=The+Physics+and+Astronomy+of+Science+Fiction%3A+Understanding+Interstellar+Travel%2C+Teleportation%2C+Time+Travel%2C+Alien+Life+and+Other+Genre+Fixtures&rft.pages=57-60&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-7053-2&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Steven+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8NbIDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangford2005" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a> (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ansible.uk/sfx/sfx130.html">"Retro Wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ansible_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansible (magazine)">Ansible</a>. No. 130. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021180550/https://ansible.uk/sfx/sfx130.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2024-02-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ansible&rft.atitle=Retro+Wars&rft.issue=130&rft.date=2005-05&rft.aulast=Langford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fansible.uk%2Fsfx%2Fsfx130.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleiler1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEZxhkG5eikC&pg=PA748">"Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich (1857–1935)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-Fiction:_The_Early_Years" title="Science-Fiction: The Early Years">Science-fiction, the Early Years: A Full Description of More Than 3,000 Science-fiction Stories from Earliest Times to the Appearance of the Genre Magazines in 1930: with Author, Title, and Motif Indexes</a>. With the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Richard J. Bleiler</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 748. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2"><bdi>978-0-87338-416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tsiolkovsky%2C+Konstantin+Eduardovich+%281857%E2%80%931935%29&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%2C+the+Early+Years%3A+A+Full+Description+of+More+Than+3%2C000+Science-fiction+Stories+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Appearance+of+the+Genre+Magazines+in+1930%3A+with+Author%2C+Title%2C+and+Motif+Indexes&rft.pages=748&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-416-2&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKEZxhkG5eikC%26pg%3DPA748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA392">"Smith, Clark Ashton"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 392. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Smith%2C+Clark+Ashton&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=392&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (2004) [1976]. 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Westport, Connecticut: Libraries unlimited. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-171-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59158-171-0"><bdi>978-1-59158-171-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Horror+on+the+Asteroid+and+Other+Tales+of+Planetary+Horror&rft.btitle=Anatomy+of+Wonder%3A+A+Critical+Guide+to+Science+Fiction&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=222&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Libraries+unlimited&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-59158-171-0&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStablefordClute2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/phillpotts_eden">"Phillpotts, Eden"</a>. 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Retrieved 2024-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Generation+Starships&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Langford%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fgeneration_starships&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFEGeorgeZebrowski-33"><a href="#cite_ref-SFEGeorgeZebrowski_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClute2023" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a> (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/zebrowski_george">"Zebrowski, George"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Zebrowski%2C+George&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Clute&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fzebrowski_george&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearce2021" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pearce, Steven (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sf-encyclopedia.com/entry/knights_of_sidonia">"Knights of Sidonia"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/John_Clute" title="John Clute">Clute, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/David_Langford" title="David Langford">Langford, David</a>; <a href="/wiki/Graham_Sleight" title="Graham Sleight">Sleight, Graham</a> (eds.). <a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_Science_Fiction" title="The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction">The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction</a> (4th ed.). Retrieved 2024-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Knights+of+Sidonia&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction&rft.edition=4th&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsf-encyclopedia.com%2Fentry%2Fknights_of_sidonia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarder2015" class="citation web cs1">Barder, Ollie (2015-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025021320/https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2015/09/27/weekend-anime-knights-of-sidonia/#a82e2674d621">"Weekend Anime: Knights Of Sidonia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2015/09/27/weekend-anime-knights-of-sidonia/">the original</a> on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2024-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Weekend+Anime%3A+Knights+Of+Sidonia&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.aulast=Barder&rft.aufirst=Ollie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Folliebarder%2F2015%2F09%2F27%2Fweekend-anime-knights-of-sidonia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestfahl2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Westfahl" title="Gary Westfahl">Westfahl, Gary</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WETPEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA303">"Frontier"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_Literature_through_History:_An_Encyclopedia" title="Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia">Science Fiction Literature through History: An Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 303. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6617-3"><bdi>978-1-4408-6617-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frontier&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Literature+through+History%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6617-3&rft.aulast=Westfahl&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWETPEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooker2014" class="citation book cs1">Booker, M. Keith (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WRi7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">"MacLean, Katherine (1925–)"</a>. Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction in Literature. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-7884-6</bdi></a>. <q>One important series of interrelated stories was the "Hills of Space" sequence, dealing with the colonization of the asteroids by outcasts from earth. This series began with "Incommunicado" (1950) and extended through several stories to "The Gambling Hell and the Sinful Girl" (1975).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MacLean%2C+Katherine+%281925%E2%80%93%29&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Science+Fiction+in+Literature&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7884-6&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=M.+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWRi7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StanwayThereForTheTaking-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StanwayThereForTheTaking_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StanwayThereForTheTaking_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanway2024" class="citation web cs1">Stanway, Elizabeth (2024-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/astro/people/stanway/sciencefiction/cosmicstories/there_for_the">"There for the Taking"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Warwick_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Warwick University">Warwick University</a>. Cosmic Stories Blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240908202337/https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/astro/people/stanway/sciencefiction/cosmicstories/there_for_the">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2024-09-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Warwick+University&rft.atitle=There+for+the+Taking&rft.date=2024-09-08&rft.aulast=Stanway&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Fsci%2Fphysics%2Fresearch%2Fastro%2Fpeople%2Fstanway%2Fsciencefiction%2Fcosmicstories%2Fthere_for_the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooker2014" class="citation book cs1">Booker, M. Keith (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WRi7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA301">"Terraforming"</a>. Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction in Literature. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-7884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Terraforming&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Science+Fiction+in+Literature&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7884-6&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=M.+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWRi7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooker2014" class="citation book cs1">Booker, M. Keith (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WRi7BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA277">"Space Elevator"</a>. Historical Dictionary of Science Fiction in Literature. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 277. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7884-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-7884-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Space+Elevator&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Science+Fiction+in+Literature&rft.pages=277&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7884-6&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=M.+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWRi7BAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleiler1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEZxhkG5eikC&pg=PA224">"England, George Allan (1877–1936)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-Fiction:_The_Early_Years" title="Science-Fiction: The Early Years">Science-fiction, the Early Years: A Full Description of More Than 3,000 Science-fiction Stories from Earliest Times to the Appearance of the Genre Magazines in 1930: with Author, Title, and Motif Indexes</a>. With the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Richard J. Bleiler</a>. Kent State University Press. pp. 224–225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2"><bdi>978-0-87338-416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=England%2C+George+Allan+%281877%E2%80%931936%29&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%2C+the+Early+Years%3A+A+Full+Description+of+More+Than+3%2C000+Science-fiction+Stories+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Appearance+of+the+Genre+Magazines+in+1930%3A+with+Author%2C+Title%2C+and+Motif+Indexes&rft.pages=224-225&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-416-2&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKEZxhkG5eikC%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleiler1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KEZxhkG5eikC&pg=PA746">"Train, Arthur [Cheney] and Wood, Robert Williams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-Fiction:_The_Early_Years" title="Science-Fiction: The Early Years">Science-fiction, the Early Years: A Full Description of More Than 3,000 Science-fiction Stories from Earliest Times to the Appearance of the Genre Magazines in 1930: with Author, Title, and Motif Indexes</a>. With the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Richard J. Bleiler</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 746. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-416-2"><bdi>978-0-87338-416-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Train%2C+Arthur+%5BCheney%5D+and+Wood%2C+Robert+Williams&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%2C+the+Early+Years%3A+A+Full+Description+of+More+Than+3%2C000+Science-fiction+Stories+from+Earliest+Times+to+the+Appearance+of+the+Genre+Magazines+in+1930%3A+with+Author%2C+Title%2C+and+Motif+Indexes&rft.pages=746&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-416-2&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKEZxhkG5eikC%26pg%3DPA746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA305">"Nathanson, Isaac R."</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. p. 305. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nathanson%2C+Isaac+R.&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBleilerBleiler1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._F._Bleiler" title="E. F. Bleiler">Bleiler, Everett Franklin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PbMdeizaCNcC&pg=PA204">"Kateley, Walter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction:_The_Gernsback_Years_:_a_Complete_Coverage_of_the_Genre_Magazines_..._from_1926_Through_1936" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936">Science-fiction: The Gernsback Years : a Complete Coverage of the Genre Magazines ... from 1926 Through 1936</a>. Kent State University Press. pp. 204–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87338-604-3"><bdi>978-0-87338-604-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kateley%2C+Walter&rft.btitle=Science-fiction%3A+The+Gernsback+Years+%3A+a+Complete+Coverage+of+the+Genre+Magazines+...+from+1926+Through+1936&rft.pages=204-205&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-87338-604-3&rft.aulast=Bleiler&rft.aufirst=Everett+Franklin&rft.au=Bleiler%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPbMdeizaCNcC%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gohd2021-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gohd2021_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gohd2021_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGohd2021" class="citation web cs1">Gohd, Chelsea (2021-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/asteroid-impact-disasters-science-fiction-obsession">"Why is sci-fi so obsessed with asteroid impact disasters (and how to stop them)?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space.com" title="Space.com">Space.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921180303/https://www.space.com/asteroid-impact-disasters-science-fiction-obsession">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-09-21. Retrieved 2024-03-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Why+is+sci-fi+so+obsessed+with+asteroid+impact+disasters+%28and+how+to+stop+them%29%3F&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.aulast=Gohd&rft.aufirst=Chelsea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fasteroid-impact-disasters-science-fiction-obsession&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStableford1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stableford" title="Brian Stableford">Stableford, Brian</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionwr0000unse/page/61/mode/2up">"Gregory Benford"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bleiler" title="Richard Bleiler">Bleiler, Richard</a> (ed.). Science Fiction Writers: Critical Studies of the Major Authors from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Present Day (2nd ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-80593-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-80593-6"><bdi>0-684-80593-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/40460120">40460120</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gregory+Benford&rft.btitle=Science+Fiction+Writers%3A+Critical+Studies+of+the+Major+Authors+from+the+Early+Nineteenth+Century+to+the+Present+Day&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=61&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40460120&rft.isbn=0-684-80593-6&rft.aulast=Stableford&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencefictionwr0000unse%2Fpage%2F61%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pringle" title="David Pringle">Pringle, David</a>, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ultimateencyclop0000unse_a8c7/page/40/mode/2up">"Cosmic collisions"</a>. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: The Definitive Illustrated Guide. Carlton. pp. 39–40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85868-188-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85868-188-X"><bdi>1-85868-188-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38373691">38373691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cosmic+collisions&rft.btitle=The+Ultimate+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction%3A+The+Definitive+Illustrated+Guide&rft.pages=39-40&rft.pub=Carlton&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38373691&rft.isbn=1-85868-188-X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fultimateencyclop0000unse_a8c7%2Fpage%2F40%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HartwellTheSkyOnTheGround-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HartwellTheSkyOnTheGround_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HartwellTheSkyOnTheGround_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartwell2007" class="citation book cs1">Hartwell, William T. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gpwgm022ltMC&pg=PA79">"The Sky on the Ground: Celestial Objects and Events in Archaeology and Popular Culture"</a>. In Bobrowsky, Peter T.; Rickman, Hans (eds.). Comet/Asteroid Impacts and Human Society: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 79–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-540-32711-0_3">10.1007/978-3-540-32711-0_3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-32709-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-32709-7"><bdi>978-3-540-32709-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sky+on+the+Ground%3A+Celestial+Objects+and+Events+in+Archaeology+and+Popular+Culture&rft.btitle=Comet%2FAsteroid+Impacts+and+Human+Society%3A+An+Interdisciplinary+Approach&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.pages=79-82&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-540-32711-0_3&rft.isbn=978-3-540-32709-7&rft.aulast=Hartwell&rft.aufirst=William+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGpwgm022ltMC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteroids_in_fiction&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBly2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Bly" title="Robert W. Bly">Bly, Robert W.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceinscience0000blyr/page/42/mode/2up">"Asteroids Colliding with the Earth"</a>. The Science in Science Fiction: 83 SF Predictions That Became Scientific Reality. Consulting Editor: <a href="/wiki/James_E._Gunn" title="James E. Gunn">James Gunn</a>. <a href="/wiki/BenBella_Books" title="BenBella Books">BenBella Books</a>. pp. 43–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932100-48-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932100-48-8"><bdi>978-1-932100-48-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Asteroids+Colliding+with+the+Earth&rft.btitle=The+Science+in+Science+Fiction%3A+83+SF+Predictions+That+Became+Scientific+Reality&rft.pages=43-46&rft.pub=BenBella+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-932100-48-8&rft.aulast=Bly&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscienceinscience0000blyr%2Fpage%2F42%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Nicholls, Peter</a> (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scienceinscience00nich/page/23/mode/2up">"Mining the Moon and the asteroids"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Peter_Nicholls_(writer)" title="Peter Nicholls (writer)">Nicholls, Peter</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Science_in_Science_Fiction" title="The Science in Science Fiction">The Science in Science Fiction</a>. New York: Knopf. pp. 23–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-53010-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-53010-1"><bdi>0-394-53010-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8689657">8689657</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mining+the+Moon+and+the+asteroids&rft.btitle=The+Science+in+Science+Fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23-25&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8689657&rft.isbn=0-394-53010-1&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscienceinscience00nich%2Fpage%2F23%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAsteroids+in+fiction" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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in fiction</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Solar System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Planets" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_in_fiction" title="Mercury in fiction">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_in_fiction" title="Venus in fiction">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_in_science_fiction" title="Earth in science fiction">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_in_fiction" title="Mars in fiction">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_in_fiction" title="Jupiter in fiction">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_in_fiction" title="Saturn in fiction">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_in_fiction" title="Uranus in fiction">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_in_fiction" title="Neptune in fiction">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_planets_of_the_Solar_System" title="Fictional planets of the Solar System">Fictional planets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other_bodies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sun_in_fiction" title="Sun in fiction">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_in_science_fiction" title="Moon in science fiction">Moon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appearances_of_the_Moon_in_fiction" title="List of appearances of the Moon in fiction">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comets_in_fiction" title="Comets in fiction">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto_in_fiction" title="Pluto in fiction">Pluto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Saturnx.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Saturn"><img alt="Saturn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saturnx.png/75px-Saturnx.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saturnx.png/113px-Saturnx.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Saturnx.png/150px-Saturnx.png 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="949" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_stars_in_fiction" title="Neutron stars in fiction">Neutron stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernovae_in_fiction" title="Supernovae in fiction">Supernovae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Asteroids" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asteroids" title="Template:Asteroids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asteroids" title="Template talk:Asteroids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Asteroids" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids" title="List of exceptional asteroids">Notable asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_asteroid_physical_characteristics" title="Standard asteroid physical characteristics">Physical characteristics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_method" title="Dynamic method">dynamic method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_impact_avoidance" title="Asteroid impact avoidance">Impact avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Tracking" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_keyhole" title="Gravitational keyhole">Gravitational keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Earth-crossing minor planets">Earth-crosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid_close_approaches_to_Earth" title="List of asteroid close approaches to Earth">Close approaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_asteroid" title="Binary asteroid">Binary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_binary_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Contact binary (small Solar System body)">contact</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Active</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_pair" title="Asteroid pair">Asteroid pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar%E2%80%93Leiden_survey" title="Palomar–Leiden survey">Palomar–Leiden survey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_binary_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Contact binary (small Solar System body)">Contact binary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Distribution_within_the_Solar_System" title="Asteroid">Distribution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)" title="Trojan (celestial body)">Trojans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_ND15" title="2013 ND15">Venus trojan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Mars trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_trojan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uranus trojan">Uranus trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a></li></ul></li> <li>Interior to Earth <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid" title="Vulcanoid">Vulcanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mercury-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mercury-crossing minor planets">Mercury-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Venus-crossing minor planets">Venus-crossers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aten_asteroid" title="Aten asteroid">Aten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amor_asteroid" title="Amor asteroid">Amor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atira_asteroid" title="Atira asteroid">Atira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Earth-crossing minor planets">Earth-crossers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Between Earth and the main belt <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars crossers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_gap" title="Kirkwood gap">Kirkwood gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_asteroid" title="Active asteroid">Active asteroids</a></li></ul></li> <li>Outer Solar System, does not include <a href="/wiki/Distant_minor_planet" title="Distant minor planet">distant minor planets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jupiter-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets">Jupiter-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saturn-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Saturn-crossing minor planets">Saturn-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Uranus-crossing minor planets">Uranus-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neptune-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Neptune-crossing minor planets">Neptune-crossers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(small_Solar_System_body)" title="Centaur (small Solar System body)">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoasteroid" title="Exoasteroid">Exoasteroids</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Classification" title="Asteroid">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Orbital_classification" title="Asteroid">Orbital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor-planet_groups" title="List of minor-planet groups">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Asteroid_groups_and_families" title="Category:Asteroid groups and families">(list)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types" title="Asteroid spectral types">Spectral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types#Tholen_classification" title="Asteroid spectral types">Tholen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid#C-group_(Tholen)" title="C-type asteroid">C-group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-type_asteroid" title="B-type asteroid">B-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-type_asteroid" title="F-type asteroid">F-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-type_asteroid" title="G-type asteroid">G-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid" title="C-type asteroid">C-type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-type_asteroid" title="S-type asteroid">S-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-type_asteroid" title="X-type asteroid">X-group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-type_asteroid" title="M-type asteroid">M-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-type_asteroid" title="E-type asteroid">E-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-type_asteroid" title="P-type asteroid">P-type</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>small classes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-type_asteroid" title="A-type asteroid">A-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-type_asteroid" title="D-type asteroid">D-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-type_asteroid" title="J-type asteroid">J-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-type_asteroid" title="T-type asteroid">T-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-type_asteroid" title="Q-type asteroid">Q-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-type_asteroid" title="R-type asteroid">R-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-type_asteroid" title="V-type asteroid">V-type</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_spectral_types#SMASS_classification" title="Asteroid spectral types">SMASS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid#C-group_(SMASS)" title="C-type asteroid">C-group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B-type_asteroid" title="B-type asteroid">B-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-type_asteroid" title="C-type asteroid">C-type</a></li> <li>Cg</li> <li>Ch</li> <li>Cgh</li> <li>Cb</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-type_asteroid" title="S-type asteroid">S-group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-type_asteroid" title="A-type asteroid">A-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q-type_asteroid" title="Q-type asteroid">Q-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-type_asteroid" title="R-type asteroid">R-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-type_asteroid" title="K-type asteroid">K-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-type_asteroid" title="L-type asteroid">L-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-type_asteroid" title="S-type asteroid">S-type</a></li> <li>Sa</li> <li>Sq</li> <li>Sr</li> <li>Sk</li> <li>Sl</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-type_asteroid" title="X-type asteroid">X-group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X-type_asteroid" title="X-type asteroid">X-type</a></li> <li>Xe</li> <li>Xc</li> <li>Xk</li></ul></li> <li>small types <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-type_asteroid" title="T-type asteroid">T-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-type_asteroid" title="D-type asteroid">D-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L-type_asteroid#Ld-type_asteroids" title="L-type asteroid">Ld-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-type_asteroid" title="O-type asteroid">O-type</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-type_asteroid" title="V-type asteroid">V-type</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Exploration" title="Asteroid">Exploration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">Asteroids visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_capture" title="Asteroid capture">Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonization of the asteroids">Colonization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_asteroids" title="Category:Lists of asteroids">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_near-Earth_asteroids_by_distance_from_Sun" title="List of near-Earth asteroids by distance from Sun">Near-Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_minor_planet" title="Lost minor planet">Lost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroid-discovering_observatories" title="List of asteroid-discovering observatories">Discovering observatories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Space missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Day" title="Asteroid Day">Asteroid Day</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Asteroids in fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asteroids_in_astrology" class="mw-redirect" title="List of asteroids in astrology">Asteroids in astrology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occultation#Occultations_by_smaller_bodies" title="Occultation">occultation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planet</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asteroids" title="Category:Asteroids">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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