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Origines et fusions </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, 1920-1942 : « Show Boat » et l'âge du jazz" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/2-1920-1942-show-boat-et-l-age-du-jazz/"> 2. 1920-1942 : « Show Boat » et l'âge du jazz </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, 1943-1964 : l'âge d'or du musical" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/3-1943-1964-l-age-d-or-du-musical/"> 3. 1943-1964 : l'âge d'or du musical </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, Le musical rock et Stephen Sondheim" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/4-le-musical-rock-et-stephen-sondheim/"> 4. Le musical rock et Stephen Sondheim </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, Années 2000 : jukebox musicals" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/5-annees-2000-jukebox-musicals/"> 5. Années 2000 : jukebox musicals </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, Le musical au Royaume-Uni : de Noël Coward et Ivor Novello à Andrew Lloyd Webber et Elton John" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/6-le-musical-au-royaume-uni-de-noel-coward-et-ivor-novello-a-andrew-lloyd-webber-et-elton-john/"> 6. Le musical au Royaume-Uni : de Noël Coward et Ivor Novello à Andrew Lloyd Webber et Elton John </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, Le musical en France : opéras rock et Jacques Demy" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/7-le-musical-en-france-operas-rock-et-jacques-demy/"> 7. Le musical en France : opéras rock et Jacques Demy </a> </li> <li class="list-group-item "> <a class="d-block" title="COMÉDIE MUSICALE, Bibliographie" href="/encyclopedie/comedie-musicale/8-bibliographie/"> 8. Bibliographie </a> </li> </ul> <button class="btn btn-sm btn-universalis" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#free-toc" aria-expanded="false" title="Afficher / masquer le sommaire"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-eye"></i> Sommaire </button> </div> <h1 class="mb-1"> <strong>COMÉDIE MUSICALE</strong> </h1> <ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><p class="text-sm text-muted mb-1">Article modifié le <time datetime="2025-01-29"> 29/01/2025 </time></p><div class="content paged type-article" ><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC110086_0"><i class="anchor" id="yC110086_0"></i><p>Une histoire, et tout à son service : dialogues, chansons, chœurs, danses... La <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Si l'on peut suivre aisément la naissance et le développement de la comédie dans le monde occidental, il est impossible de donner une définition univoque et précise de ce terme. Tantôt il se comprend par opposition à la tragédie , pour désigner une pièce de théâtre dont les personnages appartiennent à une humanité moyenne et dont les péripéties trouvent une conclusion heureuse. Ta..." title="Article : COMÉDIE" href="/encyclopedie/comedie/">comédie</a> musicale, ou <em>musical</em>, pièce de théâtre total, principale contribution des États-Unis à l'art de la représentation, est un genre typiquement américain, qui, à Broadway, dépasse en popularité les pièces de théâtre dites « légitimes », entièrement parlées. Il présente des points communs avec l'industrie cinématographique hollywoodienne : principalement divertissant, souvent ancré dans la légende de l'Amérique, tous ses composants sont mis au service d'une dramaturgie efficace, à vocation essentiellement commerciale.</p><p>Le musical est né de la lente fusion d'influences européennes et afro-américaines, de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Camille Saint-Saëns proclamait que « l'opérette est une fille de l' opéra-comique ayant mal tourné, mais les filles qui tournent mal ne sont pas toujours sans agrément. » La boutade est amusante, la réalité plus complexe.. Littré, dans son Dictionnaire de la langue française (1863-1873), donne les définitions suivantes : « Opérette : 1 o Mot qui a passé de la langue..." title="Article : OPÉRETTE" href="/encyclopedie/operette/">opérette</a> au <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le jazz est aujourd'hui universellement répandu. Ses plus célèbres noms – Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington , Charlie Parker , John Coltrane , Miles Davis – figurent parmi les plus grands artistes du xx e siècle. Réservé jusqu'aux années 1930 à une élite d'initiés à la ferveur jalouse, le jazz a gagné un public immense. Il constitue un des grands courants esthétiques du m..." title="Article : JAZZ" href="/encyclopedie/jazz/">jazz</a>. Des compositeurs issus de familles d'Europe de l'Est ou de Russie lui ont conféré ses lettres de noblesse. Promu par quelques producteurs de génie, le genre adopte sa forme quasi définitive en 1927, avec <em>Show Boat</em> de Jerome Kern et Oscar Hammerstein, II, pièce de théâtre musical historique. Il sera cependant profondément renouvelé par des « super-metteurs en scène » également chorégraphes qui intégreront la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Dans son acception la plus générale, la danse est l'art de mouvoir le corps humain selon un certain accord entre l'espace et le temps, accord rendu perceptible grâce au rythme et à la composition chorégraphique. Qu'elle soit spontanée ou organisée, la danse est souvent l'expression d'un sentiment ou d'une situation donnée, et peut éventuellement s'accompagner d'une mimique destinée à ..." title="Article : DANSE" href="/encyclopedie/danse/">danse</a> à la narration dans les années 1950 et 1960.</p><p>La définition du musical reste donc vaste : un livret construit de façon dramatique où les interprètes se mettent soudain à danser ou à chanter pour faire progresser l'histoire, raccourcir le temps, exprimer la personnalité d'un personnage et ses émotions. Ce genre repose, dans les pays anglo-saxons, sur une formation totale de l'<a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Si l' acteur force si souvent le respect ou l'exécration, cela signifie bien qu'il travaille avec les outils les plus précieux de l'humanité en l'homme : le corps et la psyché. Qu'il engendre, par un jeu de métamorphoses, à la fois la familiarité et l'étrangeté, qu'il réfracte l'envers et l'avers de chacun de nous. À la fois même et autre, sa personne fut en même temps objet d'infa..." title="Article : ACTEUR" href="/encyclopedie/acteur/">acteur</a>, qui intègre traditionnellement jeu, <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le chant est d'abord expression naturelle de l'être humain, que la voix soit belle ou non, éduquée ou non. Qu'il soit plaisir pur, qu'il ait vocation cultuelle, esthétique ou cathartique, qu'il se réclame de traditions millénaires ou des formes policées de l'art classique, le chant est à la fois sonorité pure et véhicule de pensée, encore que le mot, onomatopée domestiquée, soit lui..." title="Article : CHANT" href="/encyclopedie/chant/">chant</a> et danse.</p><p>Le musical est conçu de nos jours avec une visée mondiale. Les producteurs font appel aux vedettes de la <em>pop music</em> pour composer les partitions, mais l'écueil reste le même : les chansons donnent-elles réellement de la chair aux personnages et servent-elles efficacement à la narration ?</p><div class="clearfix"></div></div><div class="block_1" data-ucode="yC110086_1"><i class="anchor" id="yC110086_1"></i><h2>Origines et fusions</h2><p>Aux États-Unis, le théâtre est dès son origine populaire et musical. Les opéras sont joués dans des théâtres traditionnels ; l'un des premiers, présenté en 1750 à New York, encore colonie britannique, est <em>The Beggar's Opera</em> de John Christopher Pepusch et John Gay, parodie britannique de l'<em>opera seria</em>. Au <span class="pc">xix</span><sup>e</sup> siècle, chaque théâtre dispose d'un <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Il est peu de substantifs qui, au cours des siècles, ont eu autant de significations différentes que le mot « orchestre ». C'était, chez les Grecs, la partie du théâtre réservée au chœur et aux danseurs, mais, à Rome, c'était, toujours au théâtre, le lieu où se plaçaient les sénateurs et les vestales. Plus près de nous, ce fut « le lieu où l'on place la symphonie dans le..." title="Article : ORCHESTRE" href="/encyclopedie/orchestre/">orchestre</a>, et une soirée typique de quatre à cinq heures offre toute la gamme des divertissements : théâtre, chansons et danses entre les pièces.</p><p>En 1843, le groupe Virginia Minstrels dirigé par Daniel Decatur Emmett invente à New York le <em>minstrel show</em>, une des futures composantes du musical. Ces spectacles intègrent les rythmes et des danses de la population afro-américaine qui fascinent le public blanc : quatre ou six artistes au visage grimé en noir se tiennent debout en demi-cercle ou alignés face au public ; ils interprètent, en solo ou en groupe, danses, sketches et parodies musicales, interagissant avec un maître de cérémonie, dénommé l'<em>interlocutor</em>, avant de terminer par une danse endiablée. La forme rend populaires les claquettes venues des rues ainsi que les rythmes afro-américains.</p><p>Entre 1865 et 1900, la confusion dans le théâtre musical est à son comble aux États-Unis. Les formes prolifèrent. L'opérette britannique (comme <em>H.M.S. Pinafore</em> de Gilbert et Sullivan), l'opérette viennoise et son homologue française (illustrée notamment par Jacques Offenbach) débarquent et inspirent des compositeurs américains comme Victor Herbert. Des formes de spectacle qui jouent sur le spectaculaire apparaissent : il devient difficile de distinguer les <em><a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="On appelle farces les pièces de théâtre comiques composées du xiii e jusqu'au xvi e siècle. On ne les nomme pas comédies parce que, selon les Arts poétiques du Moyen Âge, ce terme s'applique aux poèmes dont le début est triste et la fin plutôt joyeuse. On trouve le terme de farce qualifiant une pièce de théâtre à partir de 1398. Vers la fin du Moyen Âge, nombreuse..." title="Article : FARCE" href="/encyclopedie/farce/">farce</a> comedies</em>, les <em>revues</em> et les <em>extravaganzas</em>. L'expression « comédie musicale » apparaît.</p><p>Créée le 12 septembre 1866 au Niblo's Garden de New York, la revue <em>The Black Crook</em> est citée souvent comme précurseur du musical : ce spectacle mêle des éléments de <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le mélodrame est un genre décrié. Sa réputation a été grande et René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt (1773-1844), le « Corneille du mélodrame », gagnait, à produire des mélodrames, plus de 25 000 francs par an. Somme énorme. De nos jours, le mélodrame « est victime d'un reproche majeur et général : il est populaire, boulevardier, vulgaire ; c'est la tragédie du pa..." title="Article : MÉLODRAME" href="/encyclopedie/melodrame/">mélodrame<a href="javascript:" title="Lire la suite" class="read-more ms-1">[...]</a></a></p></div><div class="clearfix"></div></div><ul class="pagination justify-content-center public-links "><li class="page-item active"><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 1" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">1</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 2" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">2</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 3" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">3</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 4" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">4</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 5" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">5</a></li><li class="page-item "><a href="/abonnement" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="page 6" class="page-link" title="Abonnez-vous" data-loaded="true">6</a></li></ul><div class="folio-block"><p class="folio-block-title text-center text-uc"><strong>La suite de cet article est accessible aux abonnés</strong></p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Des contenus variés, complets et fiables</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Accessible sur tous les écrans</li><li><i class="fa fa-fw fa-check-circle"></i> Pas de publicité</li></ul><p class="text-center"><a href="/abonnement/" class="btn btn-cta text-uc" id="folio-button" data-matomo-category="Article" data-matomo-name="Folio" data-matomo-value="Block bottom">Découvrez nos offres </a></p><p class="text-center text-sm"> Déjà abonné ? <a href="/identification/" id="folio-login">Se connecter</a></p></div><div id="ad_mpuslot" class="pub-container text-center"><div class="pub-placeholder"></div></div><section class="mt-3 mb-5"><i class="anchor" id="C110086_AUTHORS"></i><p class="title-minor">Écrit par</p><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item" data-dc-author="VALIÈRE, Laurent"><a title="Auteur : Laurent VALIÈRE" rel="author" href="/auteurs/laurent-valiere/"><strong>Laurent VALIÈRE</strong></a> : journaliste, producteur </li></ul></section><section class="mb-5"><div class="text-center mb-3 d-print-none"><a class="d-inline-flex flex-row justify-content-center align-items-center btn btn-light btn-large text-start" title="Carte mentale : COMÉDIE MUSICALE" href="/carte-mentale/comedie-musicale/"><i class="fa fa-sitemap fa-rotate-270 me-1 fs-1 text-universalis"></i><p class="m-0"><strong class="fs-4">Carte mentale</strong><br /> Élargissez votre recherche dans Universalis </p></a></div></section> <section class="mb-5 article-classification" data-print-label="la classification" data-print-target=".article-classification"> <i class="anchor" id="yC110086_ROOT_LINES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Classification</p> <nav aria-label="Classification 1"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts" href="/classification/arts/"> Arts </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Arts du spectacle" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/"> Arts du spectacle </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Danse" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/danse/"> Danse </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Danse classique et danse moderne" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/danse/danse-classique-et-danse-moderne/"> Danse classique et danse moderne </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a title="Classification : Danse et ballet au xxe s. et xxie s." href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/danse/danse-classique-et-danse-moderne/danse-et-ballet-au-xxe-s-et-xxie-s/"> Danse et ballet au <span class="pc">xx</span><sup>e</sup> s. et <span class="pc">xxi</span><sup>e</sup> s. </a> </li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" data-dc-subject="Comédie musicale américaine"> <a title="Classification : Comédie musicale américaine" href="/classification/arts/arts-du-spectacle/danse/danse-classique-et-danse-moderne/danse-et-ballet-au-xxe-s-et-xxie-s/comedie-musicale-americaine/"> Comédie musicale américaine </a> </li> </ol> </nav> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none"> <i class="anchor" id="yC110086_MEDIAS"></i> <p class="title-minor">Médias</p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH120304C" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>Show Boat</it> de Jerome Kern et Oscar Hammerstein, II" href="/media/show-boat-de-jerome-kern-et-oscar-hammerstein-ii-ph120304c/"> <img id="PH120304C" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/6/csm_ph120304c_1ddb708ac3.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>Show Boat</it> de Jerome Kern et Oscar Hammerstein, II - crédits : M. Arnesson/ Theâtre de la Ville/ D.R." data-description="Show Boat de Jerome Kern et Oscar Hammerstein, II. Production de l'opéra sud-africain de Cape Town, en collaboration avec l'Orchestre Pasdeloup, donnée au Théâtre du Châtelet, à Paris, en octobre 2010. Créé le 27 décembre 1927 au Ziegfeld Theatre de Broadway, Show Boat sera, sous l'impulsion de…" data-copyright="M. Arnesson/ Theâtre de la Ville/ D.R." width="1024" height="683" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>Show Boat</it> de Jerome Kern et Oscar Hammerstein, II </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> M. Arnesson/ Theâtre de la Ville/ D.R. </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH120304B" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : Julie Andrews et Rex Harrison dans <it>My Fair Lady</it>" href="/media/julie-andrews-et-rex-harrison-dans-my-fair-lady-ph120304b/"> <img id="PH120304B" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/5/d/csm_ph120304b_240865db53.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="Julie Andrews et Rex Harrison dans <it>My Fair Lady</it> - crédits : Broadway Musical/ D.R." data-description="Julie Andrews (rôle d'Eliza Doolittle) et Rex Harrison (Henry Higgins) dans la production originale de My Fair Lady, de Frederick Loewe et Alan Jay Lerner, au Mark Hellinger Theatre de Broadway, en 1956. My Fair Lady connaîtra 2 717 représentations consécutives dans trois théâtres de Broadway entre…" data-copyright="Broadway Musical/ D.R." width="990" height="800" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Julie Andrews et Rex Harrison dans <it>My Fair Lady</it> </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> Broadway Musical/ D.R. </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-4 text-center p-1"> <figure class="figure text-center w-100 mb-0 p-1" style="position: relative"> <a data-ucode="PH120304D" data-showMediaPlayer="1" class="protected media-reference-copy " title="Média : <it>West Side Story</it> à l'Orpheum Theatre de San Francisco en 2010" href="/media/west-side-story-a-lorpheum-theatre-de-san-francisco-en-2010-ph120304d/"> <img id="PH120304D" loading="lazy" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/a/5/csm_ph120304d_a0528ef6c4.webp" class="figure-img rounded mx-auto media_resized" alt="<it>West Side Story</it> à l'Orpheum Theatre de San Francisco en 2010 - crédits : SHNSF" data-description="Reprise de West Side Story à l'Orpheum Theatre de San Francisco en 2010. Ce musical de Leonard Bernstein, Jerome Robbins, Stephen Sondheim et Arthur Laurents, créé au Winter Garden Theatre de Broadway le 26 septembre 1957, modernise Roméo et Juliette de Shakespeare. En haut de la première page d'un…" data-copyright="SHNSF" width="1024" height="682" /> </a> <figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p class="m-0 mt-1 fw-bold text-gray-700 text-truncate"> <it>West Side Story</it> à l'Orpheum Theatre de San Francisco en 2010 </p> <p class="m-0 copyright text-sm text-gray-700 text-truncate"> SHNSF </p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="text-center"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" rel="related" href="/medias/comedie-musicale/"> Afficher les 5 médias de l'article <span class="rg">COMÉDIE MUSICALE</span> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC110086_REFERENCES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Autres références</p> <ul class="list-group"> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/julie-andrews/"> <span class="rg">ANDREWS </span><span class="pc">JULIE </span><span class="rm">(1935- )</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">801 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Actrice anglaise, grande vedette des comédies musicales, née le 1<sup>er</sup> octobre 1935 à Walton on Thames, dans le Surrey.</p><p>À 10 ans, Julia Elizabeth Wells, dite Julie Andrews, commence à accompagner à la voix son beau-père chanteur (dont elle a pris le patronyme) et sa mère pianiste. Pourvue d'une voix...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/harold-arlen/"> <span class="rg">ARLEN </span><span class="pc">HAROLD </span><span class="rm">(1905-1986)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">367 mots</li> </ul> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Compositeur, arrangeur, pianiste et chanteur américain. Auteur de chansons aussi connues que <em>Over the Rainbow</em>, <em><a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Le blues prend forme vocale et instrumentale originale au sein de la population noire du sud des États-Unis d'Amérique dans la seconde moitié du xix e siècle. Né de l' esclavage , où les Noirs étaient traités plus comme un capital d'exploitation fermier ou ouvrier que comme des êtres humains, nourri par le racisme, la ségrégation et la misère, il en porte la douleur et en exprime ..." title="Article : BLUES" href="/encyclopedie/blues/">Blues</a> in the Night</em>, <em>Come Rain or Come Shine</em>, <em>I Love a Parade</em> ou <em>Stormy Weather</em> pour des films de Hollywood et des comédies musicales de Broadway, Arlen a été particulièrement prolifique...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/fred-astaire/"> <span class="rg">ASTAIRE </span><span class="pc">FRED </span><span class="rm">(1899-1987)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 123 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">4 médias </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : ASTAIRE FRED (1899-1987)" href="/encyclopedie/fred-astaire/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Fred Astaire - crédits : Keystone Features/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/6/7/csm_ph990187_f2bfb79310.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p> Fred Astaire, de son vrai nom Frederick Austerlitz, est né le 10 mai 1899 à Ohama (Nebraska, États-Unis). Il est surtout célèbre pour les grandes comédies musicales dont il partage la vedette avec <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="Biographie de GINGER ROGERS (1911-1995). Pour le public comme pour les historiens du cinéma, le nom de Ginger Rogers reste associé à la dizaine de films musicaux qu'elle tourna avec Fred Astaire , et qui firent d'elle une superstar des années 1930 et 1940. Mais elle fut par ailleurs l'une des reines de la comédie loufoque américaine, genre dans lequel sa blondeur piquante se doublait..." title="Article : GINGER ROGERS (1911-1995)" href="/encyclopedie/ginger-rogers/">Ginger Rogers</a>. Beaucoup voient en lui le meilleur danseur de musique populaire de tous les temps....</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-group-item"> <h3 class="fs-5 m-0 mt-1"> <a href="/encyclopedie/burt-bacharach/"> <span class="rg">BACHARACH </span><span class="pc">BURT </span><span class="rm">(1928-2023)</span> </a> </h3> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-1 text-muted"> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">Écrit par <span rel="author"> Encyclopædia Universalis</span> </li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">775 mots</li> <li class="list-inline-item text-sm">1 média </li> </ul> <div class="d-none d-md-inline-block float-start me-3"> <a class="protected" title="Article : BACHARACH BURT (1928-2023)" href="/encyclopedie/burt-bacharach/"> <img class="rounded shadow" loading="lazy" alt="Dionne Warwick et Burt Bacharach - crédits : Bela Zola/ Daily Mirror/ Mirrorpix/ Getty Images" width="125" height="125" src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/1/8/csm_ph240171_fbadb65db8.webp"/> </a> </div> <div class="snippet-content mt-3"> <p>Le compositeur et pianiste américain Burt Bacharach est l’auteur de nombreux classiques de la <a data-bs-toggle="popover" data-bs-content="La musique !... Qu'est-ce que cela veut dire ?... Il est permis de supposer que Bach aurait su tranquillement trouver la réponse à une telle question, et sans doute aussi Couperin, Lassus, Grégoire le Grand et Aristoxène. Plus près de nous, Rameau et Haydn devaient avoir quelque idée claire de la chose. Pour Mozart, cela est déjà moins sûr. Quant à Beethoven, il commence à s'interroge..." title="Article : MUSIQUE" href="/encyclopedie/musique/">musique</a> populaire, créés principalement au cours des années 1960 et qui sont autant d’exemples d’une fusion parfaite entre exigence artistique et ambition commerciale. Il composa également pour le musical...</p> </div> </li> <li class="list-unstyled text-center mt-3"> <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" title="Afficher la liste complète des références" rel="related" href="/index/comedie-musicale/"> Afficher les 36 références <i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-fw fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="mb-5 d-print-none article-indexes learn-more"> <i class="anchor" id="yC110086_INDEXES"></i> <p class="title-minor">Voir aussi</p> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet"> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AMÉRICAIN CINÉMA" href="/index/cinema-americain/"> <span class="rg">AMÉRICAIN </span><span class="pc">CINÉMA</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : THÉÂTRE POPULAIRE" href="/index/theatre-populaire/"> <span class="rg">THÉÂTRE POPULAIRE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : DRAMATURGIE" href="/index/dramaturgie/"> <span class="rg">DRAMATURGIE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : SPECTACLE" href="/index/spectacle/"> <span class="rg">SPECTACLE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : REPRÉSENTATION THÉÂTRALE" href="/index/representation-theatrale/"> <span class="rg">REPRÉSENTATION THÉÂTRALE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : BROADWAY" href="/index/broadway/"> <span class="rg">BROADWAY</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : OPÉRA ROCK" href="/index/opera-rock/"> <span class="rg">OPÉRA ROCK</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ROCK" href="/index/rock-and-roll/"> <span class="rg">ROCK</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AFRO-AMÉRICAINE CULTURE" href="/index/culture-afro-americaine/"> <span class="rg">AFRO-AMÉRICAINE </span><span class="pc">CULTURE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MISE EN SCÈNE, théâtre" href="/index/mise-en-scene-theatre/"> <span class="rg">MISE EN SCÈNE, </span><em class="it">théâtre</em> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : AMÉRICAIN THÉÂTRE" href="/index/theatre-americain/"> <span class="rg">AMÉRICAIN </span><span class="pc">THÉÂTRE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : ANGLAISE MUSIQUE" href="/index/musique-anglaise/"> <span class="rg">ANGLAISE </span><span class="pc">MUSIQUE</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : THÉÂTRE MUSICAL" href="/index/theatre-musical/"> <span class="rg">THÉÂTRE MUSICAL</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : YVAIN MAURICE (1891-1965)" href="/index/maurice-yvain/"> <span class="rg">YVAIN </span><span class="pc">MAURICE </span><span class="rm">(1891-1965)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : NOVELLO IVOR (1893-1951)" href="/index/ivor-novello/"> <span class="rg">NOVELLO </span><span class="pc">IVOR </span><span class="rm">(1893-1951)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : MINSTREL SHOW" href="/index/minstrel-show/"> <span class="rg">MINSTREL SHOW</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : KERN JEROME (1885-1945)" href="/index/jerome-kern/"> <span class="rg">KERN </span><span class="pc">JEROME </span><span class="rm">(1885-1945)</span> </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item m-1"> <a title="Index : COHAN GEORGE M. (1878-1942)" href="/index/george-m-cohan/"> <span class="rg">COHAN </span><span class="pc">GEORGE M. </span><span class="rm">(1878-1942)</span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 col-xl-3 px-0 d-none d-lg-block side-bar position-relative"> <div id="ad_rightslot" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <div id="ad_rightslot2" class="pub-container text-center"> <div class="pub-placeholder"></div> </div> <a class="wrapper cta" href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro" data-matomo-category="CTA" data-matomo-name="Clic" data-matomo-value="Col right"> <img src="/typo3temp/assets/_processed_/b/6/csm_abo-3_74169bae4d.webp" class="full-height" loading="lazy" width="290" height="476" alt="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro"> </a> <div id="newsletter_subscription" class="wrapper p-3"> <p class="fs-3 fw-bold text-center text-light mb-1">Rejoignez-nous</p> <p class="text-center"> Inscrivez-vous à notre <strong>newsletter</strong></p> <div class="input-group mb-3"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="votre email"> <div class="input-group-append"> <button id="newsletter_subscription_button" class="btn btn-primary text-uppercase" type="button"> <strong>S'inscrire</strong></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div id="bandeau-footer"> <div class="container"> <p><a href="/abonnement" title="Abonnez-vous à Universalis pour 1 euro">Accédez à l'intégralité d'Universalis.fr <strong>sans publicité</strong></a></p> </div> </div> <footer class="container footer text-center d-print-none"> <ul class="list-inline list-inline-bullet mb-2"> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="http://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/" title="Encyclopædia Universalis" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Encyclopædia Universalis </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://www.encyclopaedia-universalis.fr/nous-contacter/infos/" title="Contactez-nous" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank">Contact</a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Mentions légales" rel="nofollow" href="/mentions-legales/">Mentions légales et politique de confidentialité</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a title="Crédits images Accueil" rel="nofollow" href="/credits-illustrations/">Crédits images</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="https://abonnement.universalis.fr/typo3conf/ext/mailer/Resources/Public/Pdf/cgv.pdf" rel="noopener nofollow" target="_blank" title="Conditions générales de vente">CGV</a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"> <a href="javascript:" id="rgpd" rel="nofollow" title="Consentement RGPD">RGPD</a> </li> </ul> <p class="mb-2">Consulter le <a title="Dictionnaire de l'Encyclopædia Universalis" href="/dictionnaire/"> dictionnaire </a> de l'Encyclopædia Universalis </p> <p class="mb-3">© 2025 Encyclopædia Universalis France. 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