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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brinks_otelinin_partlad%C4%B1lmas%C4%B1" title="Brinks otelinin partladılması – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brinks otelinin partladılması" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8F_Brinks" title="Выбух гатэля Brinks – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Выбух гатэля Brinks" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atentado_del_Hotel_Brinks" title="Atentado del Hotel Brinks – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Atentado del Hotel Brinks" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attentat_de_l%27h%C3%B4tel_Brink" title="Attentat de l'hôtel Brink – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attentat de l'hôtel Brink" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemboman_Hotel_Brinks_1964" title="Pemboman Hotel Brinks 1964 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemboman Hotel Brinks 1964" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a 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Pieces of wood, bent metal lie strewn on the ground. The roof has fallen off except for the support beams." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/220px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/330px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG/440px-1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2930" data-file-height="2275" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The aftermath of the bombing</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing&params=10_46_10_N_106_40_55_E_type:event_region:VN-SG"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">10°46′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">106°40′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">10.76944°N 106.68194°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">10.76944; 106.68194</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">December 24, 1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Bombing</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deaths</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Injured</th><td class="infobox-data">53–63</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Category:History of Ho Chi Minh City">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ho Chi Minh City">History of <span class="fn org label">Ho Chi Minh City</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg/200px-%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg/300px-%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg/400px-%22History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City%22_for_template_heading.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">Before 1955</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1782_Saigon_massacre" title="1782 Saigon massacre">1782 Saigon massacre</a> (1782)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Gia_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh" title="Province of Gia Định">Province of Gia Định</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saigon" title="Siege of Saigon">Siege of Saigon</a> (18 February 1859 – 25 February 1861)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ky_Hoa" title="Battle of Ky Hoa">Battle of Ky Hoa</a> (February 1861)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saigon_(1862)" title="Treaty of Saigon (1862)">Treaty of Saigon</a> (1862)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saigon_(1874)" title="Treaty of Saigon (1874)">Treaty of Saigon</a> (1874)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saigon_(1955)" title="Battle of Saigon (1955)">Battle of Saigon</a> (1955)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1960_South_Vietnamese_coup_attempt" title="1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt">1960 South Vietnamese coup attempt</a> (11 November 1960)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chopper_(Vietnam)" title="Operation Chopper (Vietnam)">Operation Chopper</a> (12 January 1962)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1962_South_Vietnamese_Independence_Palace_bombing" title="1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing">1962 South Vietnamese Independence Palace bombing</a> (27 February 1962)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%ADch_Qu%E1%BA%A3ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%A9c#Self-immolation" title="Thích Quảng Đức">Self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức</a> (11 June 1963)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Double_Seven_Day_scuffle" title="Double Seven Day scuffle">Double Seven Day scuffle</a> (7 July 1963)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/X%C3%A1_L%E1%BB%A3i_Pagoda_raids" title="Xá Lợi Pagoda raids">Xá Lợi Pagoda raids</a> (21 August 1963)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1963_South_Vietnamese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état">1963 South Vietnamese coup d'état</a> (1–2 November 1963)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ng%C3%B4_%C4%90%C3%ACnh_Di%E1%BB%87m" title="Arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm">Arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm</a> (2 November 1963)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_USNS_Card" title="Attack on USNS Card">Attack on USNS <i>Card</i></a> (2 May 1964)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1964 Brinks Hotel bombing</a> (24 December 1964)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Saigon#1965_embassy_bombing" title="Embassy of the United States, Saigon">1965 United States embassy bombing</a> (30 March 1965)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1965_Saigon_bombing" title="1965 Saigon bombing">1965 Saigon bombing</a> (25 June 1965)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Jackstay" title="Operation Jackstay">Operation Jackstay</a> (26 March – 6 April 1966)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Fairfax" title="Operation Fairfax">Operation Fairfax</a> (November 1966 – 15 December 1967)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Viet_Cong_attack_on_Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base_(1966)" title="Viet Cong attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base (1966)">Viet Cong attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base</a> (4–5 December 1966)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tet_offensive_battle_of_Cholon_and_Phu_Tho_Racetrack" title="Tet offensive battle of Cholon and Phu Tho Racetrack">Tet offensive battle of Cholon and Phu Tho Racetrack</a> (31 January – 11 February 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tet_offensive_attack_on_Joint_General_Staff_Compound" title="Tet offensive attack on Joint General Staff Compound">Tet offensive attack on Joint General Staff Compound</a> (31 January – 1 February 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tet_offensive_attack_on_Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base" title="Tet offensive attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base">Tet offensive attack on Tan Son Nhut Air Base</a> (31 January 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tet_offensive_attack_on_the_United_States_embassy" title="Tet offensive attack on the United States embassy">Tet offensive attack on the United States embassy</a> (31 January 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Saigon" title="Battle of West Saigon">Battle of West Saigon</a> (5–12 May 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Saigon" title="Battle of South Saigon">Battle of South Saigon</a> (7–12 May 1968)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_841" title="Pan Am Flight 841">Hijacking of Pan Am Flight 841</a> (2 July 1972)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Tan_Son_Nhut_Air_Base" title="Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base">Bombing of Tan Son Nhut Air Base</a> (28 April 1975)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Frequent_Wind" title="Operation Frequent Wind">Operation Frequent Wind</a> (29–30 April 1975)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">Fall of Saigon</a> (30 April 1975)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)">After 1975</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1996_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="1996 Asian Judo Championships">1996 Asian Judo Championships</a> (9 to 10 November 1996)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1999_Badminton_Asia_Cup" title="1999 Badminton Asia Cup">1999 Badminton Asia Cup</a> (10–14 November 1999)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2002_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_ITC_fire" title="2002 Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire">2002 Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire</a> (29 October 2002)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2005_AFC_Futsal_Championship" title="2005 AFC Futsal Championship">2005 AFC Futsal Championship</a> (22 May – 4 June 2005)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2005_Asian_Amateur_Boxing_Championships" title="2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships">2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships</a> (29 August – 4 September 2005)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/2012_Vietnam_Open_Grand_Prix" title="2012 Vietnam Open Grand Prix">2012 Vietnam Open Grand Prix</a> (20–26 August 2012)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Miss_International_Queen_Vietnam_2023" title="Miss International Queen Vietnam 2023">Miss International Queen Vietnam 2023</a> (8 April 2023)</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Ho_Chi_Minh_City_Metro" title="History of the Ho Chi Minh City Metro">Metro</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Names of Ho Chi Minh City">Names</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_districtual_name_etymologies_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="List of districtual name etymologies of Ho Chi Minh City">district names</a>)</span></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/History_of_organized_crime_in_Saigon" title="History of organized crime in Saigon">Organised crime</a></b></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/16px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/24px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Template:History of Ho Chi Minh City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Template talk:History of Ho Chi Minh City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Ho Chi Minh City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Brinks Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>, also known as the Brink Bachelor Officers Quarters (BOQ), was bombed by the <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a> on the evening of December 24, 1964, during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. Two Vietcong operatives detonated a <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">car bomb</a> underneath the hotel, which housed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> officers. The explosion killed two Americans, an officer and an <a href="/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer" title="Non-commissioned officer">NCO</a>, and injured approximately 60, including military personnel and Vietnamese civilians. </p><p>The Vietcong commanders had planned the venture with two objectives in mind. Firstly, by attacking an American installation in the center of the heavily guarded capital, the Vietcong intended to demonstrate their ability to strike in <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> should the United States decide to launch air raids against <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a>. Secondly, the bombing would demonstrate to the South Vietnamese that the Americans were vulnerable and could not be relied upon for protection.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bombing prompted debate within the administration of United States President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>. Most of his advisers favored retaliatory bombing of North Vietnam and the introduction of American combat troops, while Johnson preferred the existing strategy of training the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Army of the Republic of Vietnam">Army of the Republic of Vietnam</a> to protect South Vietnam from the Vietcong. In the end, Johnson decided not to take retaliatory action. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_planning">Background and planning</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters,_Saigon,_South_Vietnam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of the Brink bachelor officers' quarters taken in 1964" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg/220px-NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg/330px-NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg/440px-NH_93963_Brink_bachelor_officers%27_quarters%2C_Saigon%2C_South_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6034" data-file-height="5044" /></a><figcaption>Brink BOQ, Saigon, South Vietnam</figcaption></figure> <p>Following World War II, the communist-dominated <a href="/wiki/Vietminh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietminh">Vietminh</a> fought the French colonial forces in an attempt to <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">gain Vietnamese independence</a>. After the French defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dien_Bien_Phu" title="Battle of Dien Bien Phu">Battle of Dien Bien Phu</a> in 1954, <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" title="Partition of Vietnam">Vietnam was partitioned</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone">17th parallel</a>, pending national reunification elections in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs200640–56_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200640–56-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997210–214_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997210–214-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The elections were canceled, resulting in the long-term existence of communist <a href="/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> and anti-communist <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> as separate states. In the late 1950s, South Vietnamese guerrillas known as the <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a>—covertly supported by North Vietnam—began an insurgency with the aim of forcefully reunifying the country under communist rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs200690–100_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200690–100-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> at its height, the United States—the main backer of South Vietnam<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2006102–104_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2006102–104-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—sent military advisers into the country to help train and guide the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Army of the Republic of Vietnam">Army of the Republic of Vietnam</a> (ARVN) in their fight against the Vietcong.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002205_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002205-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1964, there were 23,000 American military personnel in the country. The communists viewed the Americans as colonizers and the South Vietnamese as their puppets, and attacked both with force.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Urban attacks on American personnel began in February 1963, with a bombing at a dining venue that killed one and wounded three. During that month, there were three more attacks on Americans in dining or entertainment venues, killing a total of 6 and injuring 68, leading to systematic security measures being put in place in Saigon to protect off-duty Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bombing was planned and performed by two Vietcong agents who escaped uninjured and were never captured. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nguyen_Thanh_Xuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nguyen Thanh Xuan (page does not exist)">Nguyen Thanh Xuan</a> recollected his involvement to historian <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Stanley Karnow</a> after the war had ended. In late November, Xuan and his comrade received orders from a Vietcong intermediary to bomb the Brinks Hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building housed United States Army officers, including <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant colonel (United States)">lieutenant colonels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_States)" title="Major (United States)">majors</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayless2006152_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayless2006152-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and attracted off-duty personnel with its highly regarded food and drink, rooftop seating areas and movie screenings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200074_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200074-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also hosted a few officers who were members of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army_Training_Team_Vietnam" title="Australian Army Training Team Vietnam">Australian Army Training Team Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was named after Brigadier General <a href="/wiki/Francis_G._Brink" title="Francis G. Brink">Francis G. Brink</a>, who had served as the first commander of <a href="/wiki/Military_Assistance_Advisory_Group#MAAG_Indochina;_MAAG_Vietnam" title="Military Assistance Advisory Group">MAAG Indochina</a> during the <a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>, and had been used by American personnel for about four years. A rooftop dinner had been planned for Christmas Eve.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the historian <a href="/wiki/Mark_Moyar" title="Mark Moyar">Mark Moyar</a>, it was a six-story building and had 193 bedrooms,<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> reported that the building had eight stories<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had 60 bedrooms that housed two people each.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was L-shaped<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was surrounded by a 4.5 m concrete wall, which provided a buffer zone of 15 m from the wall of the hotel. The buffer zone was used as a carpark and the streets adjoining the hotel were heavily lit and guarded by Vietnamese personnel at all times.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sentries had a reputation for being lax patrollers, as US journalists often entered the compound late in the evenings without being checked.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vietcong duo observed their target over the next month, mixing with the crowds in the busy street outside. Noting that South Vietnamese officers mingled freely with Americans, they obtained ARVN uniforms from Saigon's black market, enabling them to get closer. Xuan disguised himself as a military chauffeur, while his partner dressed as a South Vietnamese major. They mingled with the real officers so that they could copy their mannerisms, speaking style and even their way of smoking. The Vietcong pair then procured the two cars and explosives needed for the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vietcong commanders had planned the venture with two aims in mind. Firstly, by attacking an American institution in the heart of the heavily guarded capital, the bombing would demonstrate the Vietcong's ability to strike against the Americans in Vietnam, should the United States decide to launch air raids against North Vietnam. Secondly, the attack would demonstrate to the South Vietnamese public that the Americans were vulnerable and could not be relied upon for protection.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Xuan added that "all the crimes committed by the Americans were directed from this nerve center".<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the month leading up to the attack, South Vietnamese military intelligence had seized communist documents indicating a strategy of attacking US military targets in urban areas during the Christmas period in order to lower the morale of the US public and turn opinion against intervention in Vietnam. He recalled that the number of American officers at the Brinks Hotel had swelled on Christmas Eve because they were using the building to coordinate their celebrations, and that the attack would therefore cause more casualties than on a normal day.<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explosion">Explosion</h2></div> <p>The bombers planted explosives weighing approximately 90 kilograms (200 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the trunk of one of the cars, and set a timing device to trigger the bomb at 17:45, during the <a href="/wiki/Happy_hour" title="Happy hour">happy hour</a> in the officers' bar at the hotel. The pair drove their vehicles into the hotel's grounds. Knowing from their intelligence that a certain American colonel had returned to the US, the "major" lied and told the hotel clerk that he had an appointment with the American officer, claiming that the colonel would be coming from <a href="/wiki/Da_Lat" title="Da Lat">Da Lat</a>. The clerk correctly replied that the colonel had left the country, but the "major" insisted that the clerk was mistaken. The "major" then parked his vehicle in the car park beneath the hotel, before ordering his chauffeur to leave and fetch the American with the other vehicle. He then left the hotel grounds, asking the guard to tell the American colonel to wait for him. The "major" claimed that he had not eaten all day and was going to a nearby café.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the "major" was at the eatery, the bomb detonated, killing two American officers.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-l_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first and highest-ranking officer killed was Lieutenant Colonel James Robert Hagen, who had served in the army for 20 years and was working for <a href="/wiki/MACV" class="mw-redirect" title="MACV">MACV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hagen was found dead amid the rubble two hours after the blast.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second victim was David M. Agnew, a civilian employee of the Navy Department who attended to real estate matters.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The injury reports are conflicting. Karnow reported that 58 people (military and civilian) were injured,<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Moyar" title="Mark Moyar">Mark Moyar</a> reported that 38 American officers were wounded along with 25 Vietnamese civilians,<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who worked inside the building,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while journalist A. J. Langguth reported that 10 Americans and 43 Vietnamese were injured.<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> the day after the attack reported 98 injuries, including 61 US military personnel, 2 US civilians, 34 Vietnamese and an Australian serviceman.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the US officers were still on their way back to the Brinks and arrived a few minutes after the blast; there would have been more casualties if the explosion had occurred later.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the injured suffered from lacerations or concussions and were not badly hurt; all but 20 were released from hospital within five hours and those who remained did not suffer life-threatening injuries.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many mid-level officers, including lieutenant colonels and majors, were injured, though few were hospitalized for more than one day.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from the steel girders, which supported the building, the explosion completely destroyed the ground floor. The bottom four floors were all punctured by the blast and sustained significant damage. The damage was accentuated because several trucks were in the underground car park, with <a href="/wiki/Gas_canister" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas canister">gas canisters</a> ready for delivery; the explosion detonated the gas, creating a fireball<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which took 40 minutes to extinguish. Several vehicles were crushed or destroyed by fire.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The damage was sufficient to render the building uninhabitable pending a major repair, and all those who were billeted there had to be moved to other accommodation.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flying debris damaged nearby buildings, including the living quarters for enlisted men located across the street, and Saigon's two leading hotels, the <a href="/wiki/Caravelle_Hotel" title="Caravelle Hotel">Caravelle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Continental_Saigon" title="Hotel Continental Saigon">Continental</a>. The force of the explosion also shattered windows at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Information Service">United States Information Service</a> two blocks away and in shopfronts on the main shopping promenade <a href="/wiki/Rue_Catinat" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue Catinat">Rue Catinat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The blast destroyed the studios of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Radio_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed Forces Radio Service">Armed Forces Radio Service</a>, which were on the ground floor of the hotel, but the station returned to the airwaves two hours later, using an emergency transmitter.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt25_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explosion forced the US to fly in more bomb-detection equipment, as most of the devices already in Vietnam were stored inside the hotel and were destroyed in the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time, American entertainers, including <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, were in Saigon to perform for US personnel. It is unclear whether Hope was a target; Moyar reported that Hope was targeted, but was delayed at the airport due to a luggage mishap,<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Lawrence J. Quirk reported that the comedian and his troupe were staying in a hotel across the street and were not in range of the blast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirk1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbobhoperoadwell00quirpage252_252]_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbobhoperoadwell00quirpage252_252]-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reaction">Reaction</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Middle-aged man with greying dark hair parted slightly off-center. He wears a green dress uniform, with suit and tie, is clean-shaven, and has four stars on his shoulder to indicate his rank." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg/220px-Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg/330px-Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg/440px-Maxwell_D_Taylor_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="1922" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell Taylor">Maxwell Taylor</a>, the US Ambassador to South Vietnam, called for air strikes against North Vietnam in retaliation for the bombing. </figcaption></figure> <p>The attack surprised American officials and policymakers on Vietnam, who were confident that the South Vietnamese government was in control in Saigon and that the Vietcong were only a threat in rural areas.<sup id="cite_ref-o73_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Vietnamese government was unstable, as it was the latest in a series of <a href="/wiki/Military_junta" title="Military junta">military juntas</a> that had ruled for brief periods before being deposed.<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infighting exasperated <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Maxwell Taylor">Maxwell Taylor</a>, the US ambassador to South Vietnam and former chairman of the <a href="/wiki/US_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="US Joint Chiefs of Staff">US Joint Chiefs of Staff</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who felt that the disputes between the junta's senior officers were derailing the war effort. Less than two weeks before the bombing the generals had dissolved the High National Council, a civilian advisory body, prompting Taylor to summon the generals to his office. The ambassador then angrily denounced the generals, and the next day advised General <a href="/wiki/Nguyen_Khanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Nguyen Khanh">Nguyen Khanh</a>, the president, to resign and go into exile, as he had lost Taylor's confidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006344–345_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006344–345-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-k399_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k399-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lr_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khanh threatened to expel Taylor, who said that his forced departure would mean the end of US support for South Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-k399_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k399-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 22, Khanh announced on Radio Vietnam that "We make sacrifices for the country's independence and the Vietnamese people's liberty, but not to carry out the policy of any foreign country".<sup id="cite_ref-lr_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m346_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m346-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Khanh explicitly denounced Taylor in an interview published in the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald_Tribune" title="New York Herald Tribune">New York Herald Tribune</a></i> on December 23,<sup id="cite_ref-k399_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k399-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m346_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m346-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on the day of the bombing, he issued a declaration of independence from "foreign manipulation".<sup id="cite_ref-lr_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lr-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Khanh was also secretly negotiating with the communists, hoping to put together a peace deal so he could expel the Americans from Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-moyar_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moyar-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, there was a suspicion among a minority that Khanh and his officers had been behind the attack,<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the Vietcong had claimed responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Americans responded by organizing urgent security meetings with Saigon officials to increase safety standards. This led to an increase in military patrols around all US military accommodation in Saigon, which were also exhaustively searched for explosives. An additional 65 US Navy personnel were deployed for this purpose, and passers-by in the streets were stopped and checked for weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt26_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of the Park Hyatt hotel with the bombing memorial in front of it taken in 2011" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg/170px-Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg/255px-Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg/340px-Park_Hyatt_hotel_and_the_bombing_memorial_today.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>The text in Vietnamese present on the memorial reads (from top to bottom): <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">BIA CHIẾN CÔNG · TRẬN ĐÁNH CƯ XÁ BRINK · NGÀY December 24, 1964 · Lực lượng biệt động Sài Gòn</i></span> (Feat of Arms Stele · The Battle of Brink Apartment · On December 24, 1964 · [of] The Saigon Commando Force).<sup id="cite_ref-VnExpress_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VnExpress-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>General <a href="/wiki/William_Westmoreland" title="William Westmoreland">William Westmoreland</a>, who was the US Army commander in South Vietnam, Taylor, and other senior US officers in Saigon and Washington, D.C., urged President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> to authorize reprisal bombings against North Vietnam. Taylor messaged Washington on Christmas Day,<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> saying, "Hanoi will get the word that, despite our present tribulations, there is still bite in the <a href="/wiki/Paper_tiger" title="Paper tiger">tiger they call paper</a>, and the U.S. stock in this part of the world will take sharp rise. Some of our local squabbles will probably disappear in enthusiasm which our action would generate."<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor recommended that the US take unilateral action, citing the animosity between himself and Khanh's junta.<sup id="cite_ref-l_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-l-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson called his US-based advisers to his Texas ranch for discussions on Christmas Day. <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Dean Rusk</a> and <a href="/wiki/US_Secretary_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="US Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_McNamara" title="Robert McNamara">Robert McNamara</a> advised Johnson to reject Taylor's proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson declined to act, stating that an escalation during the Christmas period would be inappropriate, as it would damage public morale.<sup id="cite_ref-k_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also noted that because of the political instability in Saigon, the international community and the American public were unlikely to believe that the Vietcong were behind the attack, feeling that they would instead blame local infighting for the bombing,<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the Vietcong had already claimed responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson administration officials concluded four days after the bombing that the Vietcong were responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson believed that it was too late to retaliate and that any action taken more than 36 hours after the event constituted unprovoked aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-m348_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m348-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State Department cabled Taylor and the embassy, saying that "In view of the overall confusion in Saigon", public US and international opinion towards an American air strike would be that the Johnson administration was "trying to shoot its way out of an internal [South Vietnamese] political crisis".<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Johnson said to Taylor that "Every time I get a military recommendation it seems to me that it calls for large-scale bombing. I have never felt that this war will be won from the air."<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, Johnson was reluctant to accede to his officials' calls for large-scale bombing of North Vietnam, a strategy that eventually became policy.<sup id="cite_ref-s91_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s91-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1965, the Vietcong secretly held their third conference in South Vietnam. The delegates expressed strong confidence that—according to <a href="/wiki/Mark_Moyar" title="Mark Moyar">Mark Moyar</a>—"the Americans lacked the will to strike North Vietnam or shield South Vietnam from the mortal blow" (i.e. from a forthcoming offensive). Moyar believes that this conclusion resulted in part from the Americans' failure to retaliate for the Brinks Hotel bombing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006485_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006485-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, North Vietnam vigorously denied ever sending troops or equipment into South Vietnam. In reality, both sides violated the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Conference (1954)">1954 Geneva Accords</a> by covertly infiltrating the other's borders to carry out hostile military activity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997346–347,_378–379_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997346–347,_378–379-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, South Vietnam's government had imposed media censorship in November 1964 and closed ten newspapers for sympathizing with the communists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006334_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006334-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attack fomented feelings of insecurity among American policymakers about communist attacks. Johnson hoped that the continuing presence of American military advisers would be sufficient to strengthen the ARVN so that it could stabilize the Saigon government, but many of his defense department advisers felt that American combat troops were needed on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-o73_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-o73-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This increased the tension between the president's civilian and military officials,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter2006345_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter2006345-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the Americans became directly involved in fighting in 1965. David Tucker of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a> said that the bombing was "insignificant for the conventional military balance but important for the political struggle that was the primary focus of the enemy [Vietcong]".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker200647_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker200647-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facility was repaired and American officers continued to stay there until the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Saigon" title="Fall of Saigon">fall of Saigon</a> on April 30, 1975, when the communists overran South Vietnam and reunified the country under their rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailssacredwillowfour00ellipage310_310]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailssacredwillowfour00ellipage310_310]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, the site is a Park Hyatt hotel built along <a href="/wiki/French_Colonial" class="mw-redirect" title="French Colonial">French Colonial</a> architectural lines, and there is a memorial to the bombing at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-VnExpress_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VnExpress-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png/28px-Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png/42px-Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png/56px-Map_Icon_-_Hotel.png 2x" data-file-width="5334" data-file-height="5334" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hotels" title="Portal:Hotels">Hotels portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/32px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/48px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/64px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Vietnam portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-k-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarnow1997">Karnow 1997</a>, p. 423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-l-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-l_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, pp. 326–327.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200640–56-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs200640–56_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2006">Jacobs 2006</a>, pp. 40–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997210–214-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997210–214_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarnow1997">Karnow 1997</a>, pp. 210–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs200690–100-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs200690–100_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2006">Jacobs 2006</a>, pp. 90–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2006102–104-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2006102–104_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2006">Jacobs 2006</a>, pp. 102–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJones2002205-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJones2002205_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJones2002">Jones 2002</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt25-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt25_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) 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href="#CITEREFBayless2006">Bayless 2006</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiller200074-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiller200074_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiller2000">Miller 2000</a>, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt26-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt26_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LBJ+Goes+to+War+%281964%E2%80%9365%29&rft.pub=Public+Broadcasting+Service&rft.date=1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famex%2Fvietnam%2Fseries%2Fpt_03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thewall-usa.com/info.asp?recid=20648">"James Robert Hagen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411120755/http://thewall-usa.com/info.asp?recid=20648">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Robert+Hagen&rft.pub=Vietnam+Veterans+Memorial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthewall-usa.com%2Finfo.asp%3Frecid%3D20648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuirk1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbobhoperoadwell00quirpage252_252]-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuirk1998[httpsarchiveorgdetailsbobhoperoadwell00quirpage252_252]_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuirk1998">Quirk 1998</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bobhoperoadwell00quir/page/252">252</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-o73-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-o73_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-o73_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson1999">Olson 1999</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s91-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s91_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteinberg1996">Steinberg 1996</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006344–345-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006344–345_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyar2006">Moyar 2006</a>, pp. 344–345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k399-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k399_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k399_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k399_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarnow1997">Karnow 1997</a>, p. 399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lr-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lr_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lr_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lr_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLangguth2000">Langguth 2000</a>, pp. 322–325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m346-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m346_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m346_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyar2006">Moyar 2006</a>, p. 346.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m348-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m348_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyar2006">Moyar 2006</a>, p. 348.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VnExpress-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VnExpress_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VnExpress_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNguyen" class="citation web cs1">Nguyen, Nhung. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://e.vnexpress.net/projects/the-forgotten-story-of-a-saigon-warrior-3573788/index.html">"The forgotten story of a Saigon warrior"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/VnExpress" title="VnExpress">VnExpress</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712110834/https://e.vnexpress.net/projects/the-forgotten-story-of-a-saigon-warrior-3573788/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VnExpress&rft.atitle=The+forgotten+story+of+a+Saigon+warrior&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Nhung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fe.vnexpress.net%2Fprojects%2Fthe-forgotten-story-of-a-saigon-warrior-3573788%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006485-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006485_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyar2006">Moyar 2006</a>, p. 485.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997346–347,_378–379-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKarnow1997346–347,_378–379_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKarnow1997">Karnow 1997</a>, pp. 346–347, 378–379.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006334-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoyar2006334_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoyar2006">Moyar 2006</a>, p. 334.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorter2006345-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorter2006345_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPorter2006">Porter 2006</a>, p. 345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker200647-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker200647_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTucker2006">Tucker 2006</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElliott2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailssacredwillowfour00ellipage310_310]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElliott2000[httpsarchiveorgdetailssacredwillowfour00ellipage310_310]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElliott2000">Elliott 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sacredwillowfour00elli/page/310">310</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBayless2006" class="citation book cs1">Bayless, Robert M. (2006). <i>Vietnam: Victory Was Never an Option</i>. <a href="/wiki/Trafford_Publishing" title="Trafford Publishing">Trafford Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4120-6057-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4120-6057-5"><bdi>1-4120-6057-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Victory+Was+Never+an+Option&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-4120-6057-5&rft.aulast=Bayless&rft.aufirst=Robert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Duong_Van_Mai_Elliott" title="Duong Van Mai Elliott">Elliott, Duong Van Mai</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sacredwillowfour00elli/page/310"><i>The Sacred Willow: Four Generations in the Life of a Vietnamese Family</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513787-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-513787-6"><bdi>0-19-513787-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sacred+Willow%3A+Four+Generations+in+the+Life+of+a+Vietnamese+Family&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-513787-6&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Duong+Van+Mai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsacredwillowfour00elli%2Fpage%2F310&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2006" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Seth (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/coldwarmandarinn0000jaco"><i>Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963</i></a>. Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7425-4447-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7425-4447-8"><bdi>0-7425-4447-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+War+Mandarin%3A+Ngo+Dinh+Diem+and+the+Origins+of+America%27s+War+in+Vietnam%2C+1950%E2%80%931963&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7425-4447-8&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcoldwarmandarinn0000jaco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Matthew (2002). <i>Conflict and confrontation in South East Asia, 1961–1965: Britain, the United States, and the creation of Malaysia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-80111-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-80111-7"><bdi>0-521-80111-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+confrontation+in+South+East+Asia%2C+1961%E2%80%931965%3A+Britain%2C+the+United+States%2C+and+the+creation+of+Malaysia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-80111-7&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarnow1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Karnow" title="Stanley Karnow">Karnow, Stanley</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vietnamhistory0000karn_t5l4"><i>Vietnam: A History</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-84218-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-84218-4"><bdi>0-670-84218-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-670-84218-4&rft.aulast=Karnow&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvietnamhistory0000karn_t5l4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangguth2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._J._Langguth" title="A. J. Langguth">Langguth, A. J.</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_f6q3"><i>Our Vietnam: the war, 1954–1975</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-81202-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-81202-9"><bdi>0-684-81202-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Our+Vietnam%3A+the+war%2C+1954%E2%80%931975&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-684-81202-9&rft.aulast=Langguth&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funset0000unse_f6q3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2000" class="citation book cs1">Miller, John G. (2000). <i>The Co-vans: U.S. Marine Advisors in Vietnam</i>. <a href="/wiki/Naval_Institute_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Institute Press">Naval Institute Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-549-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-549-7"><bdi>1-55750-549-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Co-vans%3A+U.S.+Marine+Advisors+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=Naval+Institute+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=1-55750-549-7&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoyar2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Moyar" title="Mark Moyar">Moyar, Mark</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=phJrZ87RwuAC"><i>Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954–1965</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-86911-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-86911-0"><bdi>0-521-86911-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Triumph+Forsaken%3A+The+Vietnam+War%2C+1954%E2%80%931965&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-86911-0&rft.aulast=Moyar&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DphJrZ87RwuAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart_Olson" class="mw-redirect" title="James Stuart Olson">Olson, James S.</a> (1999). <i>Historical Dictionary of the 1960s</i>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-29271-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-29271-X"><bdi>0-313-29271-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+1960s&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-313-29271-X&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Porter" title="Gareth Porter">Porter, Gareth</a> (2006). <i>Perils of Dominance: Imbalance of Power and the Road to War in Vietnam</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-25004-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-25004-4"><bdi>0-520-25004-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perils+of+Dominance%3A+Imbalance+of+Power+and+the+Road+to+War+in+Vietnam&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-520-25004-4&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuirk1998" class="citation book cs1">Quirk, Lawrence J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bobhoperoadwell00quir"><i>Bob Hope: The Road Well-traveled</i></a>. Applause Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55783-353-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55783-353-2"><bdi>1-55783-353-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bob+Hope%3A+The+Road+Well-traveled&rft.pub=Applause+Books&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-55783-353-2&rft.aulast=Quirk&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbobhoperoadwell00quir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg1996" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Blema S. (1996). <i>Shame and Humiliation: Presidential Decision Making on Vietnam</i>. <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-1392-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-1392-2"><bdi>0-7735-1392-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shame+and+Humiliation%3A+Presidential+Decision+Making+on+Vietnam&rft.pub=McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7735-1392-2&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Blema+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2006" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, David (2006). <i>Confronting the Unconventional: Innovation and Transformation in Military Affairs</i>. US Army War College Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58487-254-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-58487-254-3"><bdi>1-58487-254-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Confronting+the+Unconventional%3A+Innovation+and+Transformation+in+Military+Affairs&rft.pub=US+Army+War+College+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-58487-254-3&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1964+Brinks+Hotel+bombing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing&oldid=1265053625">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1964_Brinks_Hotel_bombing&oldid=1265053625</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_building_bombings" title="Category:1960s building bombings">1960s building bombings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1964_in_South_Vietnam" title="Category:1964 in South Vietnam">1964 in South Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Attacks_on_buildings_and_structures_in_1964" title="Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 1964">Attacks on buildings and structures in 1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Building_bombings_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Building bombings in Vietnam">Building bombings in Vietnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Car_and_truck_bombings_in_Asia" title="Category:Car and truck bombings in Asia">Car and truck bombings in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:December_1964_events_in_Asia" title="Category:December 1964 events in Asia">December 1964 events in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Explosions_in_1964" title="Category:Explosions in 1964">Explosions in 1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hotel_bombings_in_Asia" title="Category:Hotel bombings in Asia">Hotel bombings in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Saigon_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Category:Saigon in the Vietnam War">Saigon in the Vietnam War</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Asia_in_1964" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1964">Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1964</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Terrorist_incidents_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Terrorist incidents in Vietnam">Terrorist incidents in Vietnam</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia semi-protected pages">Wikipedia semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2024">Use mdy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Vietnamese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Vietnamese-language text">Articles containing Vietnamese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 December 2024, at 21:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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