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class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Counter-reaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Counter-reaction_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3" title="لا أستطيع التنفس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لا أستطيع التنفس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Can%E2%80%99t_Breathe" title="I Can’t Breathe – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="I Can’t Breathe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85" title="نمی‌توانم نفس بکشم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نمی‌توانم نفس بکشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%BD_%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%B4_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%B9%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Ես չեմ կարողանում շնչել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ես չեմ կարողանում շնչել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9C%D7%90_%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9D" title="אני לא יכול לנשום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אני לא יכול לנשום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siwezi_Kupumua" title="Siwezi Kupumua – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Siwezi Kupumua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="I can't breathe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q95984662#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human rights slogan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Black Lives Matter slogan. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="I Can't Breathe (disambiguation)">I Can't Breathe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title"><span class="fn">I can't breathe</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_(73297).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg/220px-George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg/330px-George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg/440px-George_Floyd_protest_in_Grand_Army_Plaza_June_7_%2873297%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4065" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="George Floyd protest">George Floyd protest</a> in 2020</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin/etymology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Killing of Eric Garner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Rallying cry against police brutality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Context</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a> and lack of <a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">police accountability</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"<b>I can't breathe</b>" is a <a href="/wiki/Slogan" title="Slogan">slogan</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement in the United States. The phrase originates from the <a href="/wiki/Last_words" title="Last words">last words</a> of <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a>, an unarmed man who was killed in 2014 after being put in a <a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">chokehold</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">New York City police officer</a>. A number of other <a href="/wiki/Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Americans">Black Americans</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_McClain" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a>, and <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a>, have said the same phrase prior to dying during similar <a href="/wiki/Law-enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Law-enforcement">law-enforcement</a> encounters.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a 2020 report by <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, the phrase has been used by over 70 people who died in police custody.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The phrase is now used in <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">widespread protest</a> against <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">police brutality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Racial inequality in the United States">racial inequality</a> in the United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eric_Garner">Eric Garner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Eric Garner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Killing of Eric Garner</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13,_2014_(15397199274).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg/220px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg/330px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg/440px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2815397199274%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4769" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>Justice for All March/National March Against Police Violence, Washington, D.C., December 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The phrase originated on July 17, 2014, during the death of Eric Garner, who was put into a <a href="/wiki/Chokehold" title="Chokehold">chokehold</a> by Daniel Pantaleo, a New York City Police Department officer. A video of Garner restrained by multiple officers which showed him saying "I can't breathe" 11 times before losing consciousness and dying was widely circulated.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When it was announced on December 3 that after considering the case for two months the grand jury had decided not to indict Officer Pantaleo, protests erupted with Garner's <a href="/wiki/Last_words" title="Last words">last words</a>, "I can't breathe" used as a slogan and as a chant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the December 2014 acquittal of the officer who put Garner into a chokehold, the slogan experienced a dramatic increase in popularity amid widespread protests. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shapiro" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Shapiro">Fred Shapiro</a>, editor of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Yale_Book_of_Quotations" title="The Yale Book of Quotations">The Yale Book of Quotations</a></i>, relates that he had already finished his 2014 list of most notable quotes and sent it out to the media on Dec 3, the same day that the grand jury decided to not indict Pantaleo for the death of Garner. Shapiro states that as he watched the news coverage with protesters turning Garner's final words into a rallying cry, within an hour he revised his list, making "I can't breathe" the top quote of the year. He expressed that it was not a slogan of only that moment, but "a phrase with real and lasting impact". Shapiro said that it was the first time he had ever revised a list.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_20141209_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_20141209-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expressions_of_solidarity">Expressions of solidarity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Expressions of solidarity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:-ICantBreathe_(15947352856).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/-ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg/170px--ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/-ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg/255px--ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/-ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg/340px--ICantBreathe_%2815947352856%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2859" data-file-height="4221" /></a><figcaption>A protester in <a href="/wiki/Berlin,_Massachusetts" title="Berlin, Massachusetts">Berlin, Massachusetts</a>, December 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Aided by expressions of solidarity from amateur and professional athletes and others, the hashtag "#ICantBreathe" was <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">tweeted</a> over 1.3 million times during December 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-WaPo_20141209_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaPo_20141209-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Athletes">Athletes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Athletes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first display from athletes was when the <a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_Fighting_Irish_women%27s_basketball" title="Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball">Notre Dame Fighting Irish women's basketball</a> team wore T-shirts emblazoned with "I can't breathe" during a December 13 game warm-up.<sup id="cite_ref-Intercept_20191219_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intercept_20191219-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athletes from both the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/LeBron_James" title="LeBron James">LeBron James</a>, wore clothing printed with "I can't breathe."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following criticism of James, President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> came to his defense, stating "I think LeBron did the right thing... We forget the role that <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Russell" title="Bill Russell">Bill Russell</a> played in raising consciousness."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late December, officials from the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Bragg_Unified_School_District" title="Fort Bragg Unified School District">Fort Bragg Unified School District</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino County, California</a> banned athletes from wearing "I can't breathe" T-shirts before a three-day high school basketball tournament, before reversing the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">American Civil Liberties Union</a> wrote a letter in support of the students.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Academics">Academics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Linguist <a href="/wiki/Ben_Zimmer" title="Ben Zimmer">Ben Zimmer</a> compared it to similar slogans such as "<a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a>," which originated in the 2014 <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">shooting of Michael Brown</a>, and the older "<a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a>." Zimmer called it "a peculiarly powerful rallying cry," and noted, "to intone the words 'I can't breathe,' surrounded by thousands of others doing the same, is an act of intense empathy and solidarity. The empathy comes from momentarily stepping into the persona of Eric Garner at that instant the life was being choked out of him."<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_20141215_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired_20141215-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zimmer noted that, in the variant "We can't breathe," the phrase becomes directed towards <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">social change</a> and more metaphorical. Phrases seen on protests signs such as "Justice can't breathe" and "Our democracy can't breathe" extend the meaning beyond the physical circumstances of Garner's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Wired_20141215_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wired_20141215-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joshua_D._Rothman" title="Joshua D. Rothman">Joshua D. Rothman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alabama" title="University of Alabama">University of Alabama</a> noted that fashion statements such as the "I can't breathe" T-shirts are "easily and often dismissed by opponents as a cheap gesture or a stunt." However, analyzing the fashion craze in the late 18th and early 19th century for the "<a href="/wiki/Wedgwood_anti-slavery_medallion" title="Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion">Am I Not a Man and a Brother?</a>" cameos made by <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Wedgwood" title="Josiah Wedgwood">Josiah Wedgwood</a> for bracelets and hair ornaments, and subsequent incorporation of the kneeling slave image into many different types of products as the most widely used symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">American abolitionist movement</a>, Rothman asserted that "we ought not underestimate fashion's value and significance for building momentum and visibility for a political cause."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13,_2014_(16017433171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg/220px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg/330px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg/440px-Justice_for_All_March_-_Dec._13%2C_2014_%2816017433171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a><figcaption>Speakers at a December 2014 march in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>The cast of the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Selma_(film)" title="Selma (film)">Selma</a></i> wore "I can't breathe" shirts to their December premiere.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actor <a href="/wiki/David_Oyelowo" title="David Oyelowo">David Oyelowo</a> recounts that members of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</a> complained to movie producers and stated that in retaliation they would not vote for <i>Selma</i> to receive Oscars. Oyelowo states, "It's part of why that film didn't get everything that people think it should've got and it birthed <a href="/wiki/Inequality_in_Hollywood##OscarsSoWhite" title="Inequality in Hollywood">#OscarsSoWhite</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Professor <a href="/wiki/Grace_Ji-Sun_Kim" title="Grace Ji-Sun Kim">Grace Ji-Sun Kim</a> and Reverend <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> wrote in a December 2014 opinion piece that the phrase "has become a slogan for the people who have taken to social media and the streets to protest the killing of unarmed African Americans, challenging a system that fails to indict and calling for greater equality."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The phrase has been frequently invoked in <a href="/wiki/Protest_song" title="Protest song">protest songs</a> and other music. Eric Garner's siblings released the song "I Can't Breathe" in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first English song by Russian band <a href="/wiki/Pussy_Riot" title="Pussy Riot">Pussy Riot</a> was entitled "I Can't Breathe".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Songwriter <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> released a song by the same name in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counter-reaction">Counter-reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Counter-reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Supporters of the New York City Police Department marched on December 19, 2014, in black hoodies emblazoned with "I can breathe, thanks to the NYPD" and shouted "Don't resist arrest!" at counter-protesters. Separately, shirts produced and sold online by Jason Barthel, a police officer in <a href="/wiki/Mishawaka,_Indiana" title="Mishawaka, Indiana">Mishawaka, Indiana</a>, that stated, "Breathe Easy: Don't break the law" drew criticism.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Barthel stated, "When you break the law, unfortunately there's going to be consequences, and some of them aren't going to be pretty."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the city council of <a href="/wiki/South_Bend,_Indiana" title="South Bend, Indiana">South Bend, Indiana</a> asked then-mayor and future-U.S. presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> for cooperation in banning the city from future contracts with Barthel's uniform business. Buttigieg's political opponent Henry Davis Jr. described the response: "He refused to touch it. And when he touched it, he agreed with both sides."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Javier_Ambler_II">Javier Ambler II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Javier Ambler II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Killing of Javier Ambler</a></div> <p>On March 28, 2019, Javier Ambler II died while being arrested in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, Texas. Ambler was arrested and tased after fleeing from deputies who sought to stop him for a traffic violation and leading them on a 22-minute car chase which ended in a crash. His final words were "I can't breathe." Ambler's death was ruled a <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a>, caused by <a href="/wiki/Congestive_heart_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Congestive heart failure">congestive heart failure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">hypertensive</a> <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a> in combination with forcible restraint. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manuel_Ellis">Manuel Ellis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Manuel Ellis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Killing of Manuel Ellis</a></div> <p>Manuel Ellis died on March 3, 2020, during an arrest by police officers in <a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a>, Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-5june_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5june-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ellis pleaded "I can't breathe" with officers before dying in the minutes after his arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-5june_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5june-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A witness contradicted earlier police accounts of his arrest and death. The video showed police punching Ellis during the arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-6jun_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-6jun-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pierce County medical examiner ruled that Ellis's death was a homicide, resulting from hypoxia due to physical restraint.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-5june_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5june-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medical examiner said other factors contributed to Ellis's death, including methamphetamine intoxication, heart disease and a mask officers had placed over his mouth meant to stop spitting or biting.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-5june_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-5june-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="George_Floyd">George Floyd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: George Floyd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">Murder of George Floyd</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg/220px-I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg/330px-I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg/440px-I_Can%27t_Breathe_Mama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>A protester holds a sign saying "I Can't Breathe Momma," at a Black Lives Matter Rally in <a href="/wiki/Dumfries,_Virginia" title="Dumfries, Virginia">Dumfries, Virginia</a>. "I Can't Breathe Mama," was one of the last words said by George Floyd while he was being murdered.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minneapolis_05-28-20_(49947863697).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg/170px-Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg/255px-Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg/340px-Minneapolis_05-28-20_%2849947863697%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="6240" /></a><figcaption>A protester in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, May 28, 2020</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 25, 2020, <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a> officer <a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a> murdered<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-21apr_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-21apr-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> by kneeling on the back of his neck for <a href="/wiki/Eight_minutes_46_seconds" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight minutes 46 seconds">about ten minutes</a>. Police body camera video showed that Floyd said that he couldn't breathe before he was on the ground and under Chauvin's knee.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spectator video of the incident showed Floyd saying "I can't breathe" multiple times while he was under Chauvin's knee. Despite his pleas, as well as a bystander exclaiming that the officer was preventing Floyd from breathing, Chauvin continued the restraint for 2 minutes and 53 seconds after Floyd became unresponsive, while three other officers watched.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All four officers were subsequently dismissed from the police force, with Chauvin being convicted of <a href="/wiki/Second-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-degree murder">second-degree murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third-degree_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-degree murder">third-degree murder</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second-degree_manslaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Second-degree manslaughter">second-degree manslaughter</a>, while the three others were charged with <a href="/wiki/Aiding_and_abetting" title="Aiding and abetting">aiding and abetting</a> murder.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"I can't breathe" became a rallying cry for <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">the subsequent nationwide protests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Protesters have adopted it as a chant.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his first public speech on George Floyd's murder and protests on June 2, presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> began with, "I can't breathe. I can't breathe. George Floyd's last words. But they didn't die with him. They're still being heard. They're echoing across this nation."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same day, <a href="/wiki/ViacomCBS" class="mw-redirect" title="ViacomCBS">ViacomCBS</a>-owned networks paused their programming to show a black screen for 8 minutes and 46 seconds with the words "I can't breathe" displayed (For the case of <a href="/wiki/Nickelodeon" title="Nickelodeon">Nickelodeon</a> Networks, it was interrupted by an orange screen with a scrolling message about the Declaration of Kids' Rights).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the location of his death, artists painted a <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">mural memorializing Floyd</a>, but deliberately used the words, "I can breathe now," to promote community healing and reclaim a sense of power.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_June12_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN_June12-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/State_v._Chauvin" class="mw-redirect" title="State v. Chauvin">Chauvin's conviction</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Raiders" title="Las Vegas Raiders">Las Vegas Raiders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> tweeted "I CAN BREATHE". Raiders owner <a href="/wiki/Mark_Davis_(American_football)" title="Mark Davis (American football)">Mark Davis</a>, who said the post was his idea, stated that he "look the lead" from Floyd's brother, who after the verdict said: "Today, we are able to breathe again". Afterwards, Davis said that he would not have used the phrase if he had known it was used by police supporters after Eric Garner's death.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Counter-reaction_2">Counter-reaction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Counter-reaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 24, 2020, Councilman Guy Phillips of <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Arizona" title="Scottsdale, Arizona">Scottsdale, Arizona</a> City, said, "I can't breathe," as he took off his mask at a rally protesting the mandatory mask wearing announced by Scottsdale Mayor <a href="/wiki/Jim_Lane_(mayor)" title="Jim Lane (mayor)">Jim Lane</a> during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Arizona" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona">COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was condemned by local and state officials. Arizona Senator <a href="/wiki/Martha_McSally" title="Martha McSally">Martha McSally</a> stated, "Despicable. This is a serious moment in history and it's disgusting you are mocking the dying words of a murdered man." Governor <a href="/wiki/Doug_Ducey" title="Doug Ducey">Doug Ducey</a> said, "Just flat out wrong. Despicable doesn't go far enough. The final words of George Floyd should <i>never</i> be invoked like this. Anyone who mocks the murder of a fellow human has no place in public office. Period." Phillips later issued an apology.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anti-mask protesters have reappropriated the phrase to signal their opposition to <a href="/wiki/Face_masks_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="Face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic">mask requirements during the COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 storming of the United States Capitol">2021 storming of the United States Capitol</a>, protesters attempting to enter into <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">the Capitol</a> through a police line chanted "I can't breathe".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Others_2">Others</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Christopher Lowe died while handcuffed in the back of a police cruiser in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>, on July 26, 2018. When Lowe told officers he was dying and could not breathe, officers told him "Don't pull that shit," berated him, threatened to pepper spray him, and conspired not to tell medical staff about his medical condition, according to disciplinary letters issued against the officers. Five of the officers were fired while two were suspended without pay. Six officers have appealed; one waived his right to appeal and accepted the suspension in lieu of termination.<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyd_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyd-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="Derrick_Scott"></span> Derrick Scott died in <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a> in May 2019 after being restrained by officers for about 13 minutes. Police were responding to a call about someone brandishing a gun. Scott fled when confronted by police and a gun was removed by an officer during the arrest. One officer put her knee between Scott's shoulder blades and a second straddled Scott's back. When Scott told officers multiple times that he couldn't breathe, one officer responded, "I don't care," and another said, "You can breathe just fine."<sup id="cite_ref-Stelloh_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stelloh-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott died at the hospital an hour later due to a collapsed lung, according to an autopsy that found physical restraint, recent methamphetamine use, asthma, bullous emphysema and atherosclerotic heart disease contributed to Scott's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an investigation that cleared the officers of wrongdoing,<sup id="cite_ref-KOCO_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KOCO-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_County,_Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma County, Oklahoma">Oklahoma County</a> District Attorney David Prater told the press, "I mean, he's just a perfect candidate to die when you’ve got meth in your system and those kinds of physical ailments and then you fight with police. [The officers] didn’t do anything wrong at all."<sup id="cite_ref-Flynn_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flynn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Byron Williams died in police custody in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> on September 5, 2019, saying, "I can't breathe." Williams had been flagged down by Las Vegas Metro Police officers after they spotted him riding his bike without a safety light just before sunrise at 5:48 a.m. He fled officers and abandoned his bike and then scaled two walls before being arrested 1 minute and 40 seconds after the start of the encounter. According to police, he resisted by refusing to give up on his arms and that he had drugs on him which he tried to conceal. He was arrested and according to the police video, Williams was held down while on his stomach, he said "I can't breathe" at least 17 times before he eventually lost consciousness. At the end of the pursuit, five officers had arrived at the scene to assist in the arrest. Paramedics arrived 14 minutes after Williams lost consciousness and he was later declared dead at the hospital. Las Vegas police released only some of the bodycam video to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the officers involved has been charged. The incident is one of several police custody deaths that re-emerged following the murder of George Floyd.<sup id="cite_ref-Hassan_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hassan-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Torres-Cortez_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Torres-Cortez-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="anchor" id="John_Neville"></span> John Elliott Neville died in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>, on December 4, 2019, after being restrained in the <a href="/wiki/Forsyth_County,_North_Carolina" title="Forsyth County, North Carolina">Forsyth County</a> jail. During a medical emergency, he was behaving erratically. He said, "I can't breathe" at least 28 times, as well as "Help me", "Let me go" and "Mama". While he was in bent-leg prone restraint,<sup id="cite_ref-Sanderlin_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanderlin-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Anniversary_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anniversary-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hewlett2021_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hewlett2021-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a technique discouraged in 1995 by the National Law Enforcement Technology Center,<sup id="cite_ref-Kane_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kane-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> jail staff had difficulty removing his handcuffs. Neville had no pulse and <a href="/wiki/CPR" class="mw-redirect" title="CPR">CPR</a> was used, but after being hospitalized he died December 4.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanderlin_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanderlin-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five jailers and a nurse were charged.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of July 24, protests had continued for two weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Video of the incident was released after news outlets demanded it.<sup id="cite_ref-Kane_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kane-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Triad Abolition Project and others occupied <a href="/wiki/Bailey_Park_(Winston-Salem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailey Park (Winston-Salem)">Bailey Park</a> for 49 days until Forsyth County <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">Sheriff</a> Bobby Kimbrough Jr. announced a ban on bent-leg prone restraint.<sup id="cite_ref-Anniversary_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anniversary-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neville's son Sean Neville filed a <a href="/wiki/Wrongful_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrongful death">wrongful death</a> suit in <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Middle_District_of_North_Carolina" title="United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina">U.S. Federal Court</a> September 29, 2021. The suit named as defendants the five officers, <a href="/wiki/Correct_Care_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Correct Care Solutions">Wellpath LLC</a>, Kimbrough, and Forsyth County. In court papers filed November 23, 2021, Wellpath denied the nurse violated any policies.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2022 a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> indicted the nurse but not the officers. Court documents filed May 25, 2022 show that the Neville family reached a $3 million settlement on April 19 with Kimbrough and the officers, none of whom admit liability.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Documents filed July 3, 2023 show that civil claims against Wellpath and the nurse were <a href="/wiki/Dismissed_with_prejudice" class="mw-redirect" title="Dismissed with prejudice">dismissed with prejudice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The charge against the nurse was later dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Following the 2021 conviction of Derek Chauvin for the murder of George Floyd, the DOJ began looking into a 2017 incident discovered by the state prosecution team while doing research for the Chauvin trial. It involved an incident in which Chauvin and another officer were dispatched to a home where a woman claimed she had been attacked by her son and young daughter. Upon arriving, when the boy, fourteen years old at the time, refused to follow the command to lie down on the floor Chauvin hit him with his flashlight so hard that he needed stitches. Then Chauvin allegedly held him down for nearly 17 minutes, ignoring complaints from the boy that he couldn't breathe. According to an account of the incident, after hitting the boy with his flashlight, he grabbed his throat, hit him again, and then "applied a neck restraint, causing the child to lose consciousness and go to the ground." Chauvin and the other officer then placed the boy in a prone position and handcuffed him. According to the account, "the mother pleaded with them not to kill her son."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>William Jennette, a truck driver, died in <a href="/wiki/Marshall_County,_Tennessee" title="Marshall County, Tennessee">Marshall County jail</a> in May 2020 after police restrained him. Jennette was prone and handcuffed on the ground, with multiple officers on his back. After Jennette said he could not breathe, an officer told him: "You shouldn't be able to breathe, you stupid bastard", while other officers stayed on his back for some time. A <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> did not charge the officers for a crime. His family tried to sue the county, officers, and Lewisburg city for his death in a federal civil rights lawsuit.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Edward Bronstein on 31 March 2020 in custody of <a href="/wiki/California_highway_patrol" class="mw-redirect" title="California highway patrol">California highway patrol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_David_Dungay_Jr." title="Death of David Dungay Jr.">David Dungay Jr.</a>, an Australian Aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Dunghutti" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunghutti">Dunghutti</a> man, was killed in <a href="/wiki/Long_Bay_Correctional_Centre" title="Long Bay Correctional Centre">Long Bay Correctional Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> in 2015. Dungay had biscuits and began eating them, and refused or ignored orders to stop. Prison guards entered his cell and compressed his body, while he was on the ground. He repeatedly yelled <i>"I can't breathe!"</i> but this was ignored by prison guards who said "If you can talk, you can breathe." A nurse injected Dungay with <a href="/wiki/Midazolam" title="Midazolam">midazolam</a>, a sedative which further depressed his breathing. Dungay died shortly after, still with prison guards on top of him. The incident was caught on camera. No criminal charges were laid, and none of the guards involved faced any disciplinary action.</li> <li>In a video released by police, 19-year-old Keith Moses, suspected of first-degree murder, repeatedly used the term during his arrest.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-linguistics.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/25px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/38px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Noun-linguistics.svg/51px-Noun-linguistics.svg.png 2x" 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href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">"Can't we all just get along?"</a> – African American victim of police brutality (1965–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida_Taser_incident" title="University of Florida Taser incident">"Don't tase me, bro!"</a> – 2007 incident at a forum with John Kerry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_minutes_46_seconds" class="mw-redirect" title="Eight minutes 46 seconds">Eight minutes 46 seconds</a> – Symbol for police brutality, George Floyd's murder<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">"Hands up, don't shoot"</a> – Slogan and gesture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Long,_Not_Long" title="How Long, Not Long">"How Long, Not Long"</a> – 1965 speech by Martin Luther King Jr.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street"><i>I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</i></a> – 2017 book written by Matt Taibbi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Killing of Daniel Prude</a> – Death of a Black man in Rochester Police custody</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States">Lists of killings by law enforcement officers in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of protests in the United States">List of protests in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">"No justice, no peace"</a> – Human rights slogan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">Pain compliance</a> – Use of painful stimulus to control or direct a person or animal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome" title="We Shall Overcome">"We Shall Overcome"</a> – Protest song of the civil rights movement</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_can%27t_breathe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStelloh2020" class="citation web cs1">Stelloh, Tim (June 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external 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'I don't care,' officer responds"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621231228/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/i-can-t-breathe-oklahoma-man-tells-police-dying-i-n1229586">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=%27I+can%27t+breathe%2C%27+Oklahoma+man+tells+police+before+dying.+%27I+don%27t+care%2C%27+officer+responds.&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Stelloh&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fi-can-t-breathe-oklahoma-man-tells-police-dying-i-n1229586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flynn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flynn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flynn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flynn_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flynn_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn2020" class="citation news cs1">Flynn, Meagan (June 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/11/derrick-scott-oklahoma-city-police/">"Another black man who died in custody told officers, 'I can't breathe.' One responded, 'I don't care.'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200620080722/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/11/derrick-scott-oklahoma-city-police/">Archived</a> from the original on June 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Another+black+man+who+died+in+custody+told+officers%2C+%27I+can%27t+breathe.%27+One+responded%2C+%27I+don%27t+care.%27&rft.date=2020-06-11&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Meagan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F06%2F11%2Fderrick-scott-oklahoma-city-police%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrahamJanis2020" class="citation web cs1">Graham, Taya; Janis, Stephen (June 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://therealnews.com/stories/the-i-cant-breathe-video-police-dont-want-you-to-see">"The 'I Can't Breathe' Video Police Don't Want You To See"</a>. <i>The Real News Network</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200615161941/https://therealnews.com/stories/the-i-cant-breathe-video-police-dont-want-you-to-see">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+News+Network&rft.atitle=The+%27I+Can%27t+Breathe%27+Video+Police+Don%27t+Want+You+To+See&rft.date=2020-06-12&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Taya&rft.au=Janis%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftherealnews.com%2Fstories%2Fthe-i-cant-breathe-video-police-dont-want-you-to-see&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerValentino-DeVriesFernandezLaForgia2020" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Mike; Valentino-DeVries, Jennifer; Fernandez, Manny; LaForgia, Michael (June 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/28/us/i-cant-breathe-police-arrest.html">"Three Words. 70 Cases. 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Eric Garner's last words are 2014's most notable quote, according to a Yale librarian"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180928152631/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2014/12/09/i-cant-breathe-eric-garners-last-words-are-2014s-most-notable-quote-according-to-yale-librarian/">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=%27I+can%27t+breathe%2C%27+Oklahoma+man+tells+police+before+dying.+%27I+don%27t+care%2C%27+the+officer+responds.&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=Stelloh&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fi-can-t-breathe-oklahoma-man-tells-police-dying-i-n1229586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KOCO-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KOCO_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koco.com/article/video-oklahoma-city-police-release-body-cam-footage-of-derrick-ollie-scotts-arrest/32816072">"VIDEO: Oklahoma City police release bodycam footage of Derrick Ollie Scott's arrest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/KOCO-TV" title="KOCO-TV">KOCO-TV</a></i>. June 9, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621235140/https://www.koco.com/article/video-oklahoma-city-police-release-body-cam-footage-of-derrick-ollie-scotts-arrest/32816072">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KOCO-TV&rft.atitle=VIDEO%3A+Oklahoma+City+police+release+bodycam+footage+of+Derrick+Ollie+Scott%27s+arrest&rft.date=2020-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.koco.com%2Farticle%2Fvideo-oklahoma-city-police-release-body-cam-footage-of-derrick-ollie-scotts-arrest%2F32816072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hassan-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hassan_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hassan_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassan2020" class="citation news cs1">Hassan, Anita (June 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/when-byron-williams-died-saying-i-can-t-breathe-few-n1231342">"Byron Williams said 'I can't breathe' 17 times as police restrained him. Why did few protest his death?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618220932/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/when-byron-williams-died-saying-i-can-t-breathe-few-n1231342">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Byron+Williams+said+%27I+can%27t+breathe%27+17+times+as+police+restrained+him.+Why+did+few+protest+his+death%3F&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft.aulast=Hassan&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fwhen-byron-williams-died-saying-i-can-t-breathe-few-n1231342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Torres-Cortez-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Torres-Cortez_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres-Cortez2019" class="citation news cs1">Torres-Cortez, Ricardo (September 9, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lasvegassun.com/news/2019/sep/09/man-died-metro-custody-repeatedly-couldnt-breathe/">"Man who died in Metro custody repeatedly said he couldn't breathe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Sun" title="Las Vegas Sun">Las Vegas Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629165824/https://lasvegassun.com/news/2019/sep/09/man-died-metro-custody-repeatedly-couldnt-breathe/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Las+Vegas+Sun&rft.atitle=Man+who+died+in+Metro+custody+repeatedly+said+he+couldn%27t+breathe&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft.aulast=Torres-Cortez&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flasvegassun.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2Fsep%2F09%2Fman-died-metro-custody-repeatedly-couldnt-breathe%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanderlin-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanderlin_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanderlin_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderlinHewlett2020" class="citation news cs1">Sanderlin, Lee O.; Hewlett, Michael (July 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/help-me-john-neville-pleaded-before-he-stopped-breathing-in-the-forsyth-jail-autopsy-details/article_8fc46df4-cbce-57b7-8fc6-a76d15063a6f.html#1">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Help me,' John Neville pleaded before he stopped breathing in the Forsyth jail. Autopsy details final conscious moments of Greensboro man's life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem_Journal" title="Winston-Salem Journal">Winston-Salem Journal</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200729144548/https://journalnow.com/news/local/help-me-john-neville-pleaded-before-he-stopped-breathing-in-the-forsyth-jail-autopsy-details/article_8fc46df4-cbce-57b7-8fc6-a76d15063a6f.html#1">Archived</a> from the original on July 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Help+me%2C%27+John+Neville+pleaded+before+he+stopped+breathing+in+the+Forsyth+jail.+Autopsy+details+final+conscious+moments+of+Greensboro+man%27s+life&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Sanderlin&rft.aufirst=Lee+O.&rft.au=Hewlett%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fhelp-me-john-neville-pleaded-before-he-stopped-breathing-in-the-forsyth-jail-autopsy-details%2Farticle_8fc46df4-cbce-57b7-8fc6-a76d15063a6f.html%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anniversary-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anniversary_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anniversary_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlett2020" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Michael (December 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/its-been-one-year-since-john-neville-died-after-being-restrained-by-forsyth-county-deputies/article_b32033d2-359a-11eb-b1b1-b74c807cdf32.html">"A somber anniversary: Vigil marks one year since the death of John Neville"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201204025939/https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/its-been-one-year-since-john-neville-died-after-being-restrained-by-forsyth-county-deputies/article_b32033d2-359a-11eb-b1b1-b74c807cdf32.html#tracking-source=home-top-story-1">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=A+somber+anniversary%3A+Vigil+marks+one+year+since+the+death+of+John+Neville&rft.date=2020-12-04&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime-and-courts%2Fits-been-one-year-since-john-neville-died-after-being-restrained-by-forsyth-county-deputies%2Farticle_b32033d2-359a-11eb-b1b1-b74c807cdf32.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hewlett2021-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hewlett2021_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlett2021" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Michael (January 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/john-neville-case-gives-local-focus-urgency-to-national-call-for-racial-justice/article_5bc13462-49ed-11eb-9334-f35707075091.html">"John Neville case gives local focus, urgency to national call for racial justice"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104015917/https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/john-neville-case-gives-local-focus-urgency-to-national-call-for-racial-justice/article_5bc13462-49ed-11eb-9334-f35707075091.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=John+Neville+case+gives+local+focus%2C+urgency+to+national+call+for+racial+justice&rft.date=2021-01-01&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime-and-courts%2Fjohn-neville-case-gives-local-focus-urgency-to-national-call-for-racial-justice%2Farticle_5bc13462-49ed-11eb-9334-f35707075091.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kane-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kane_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kane_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaneBattaglia2020" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Dan; Battaglia, Danielle (August 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article244777867.html">"NC jails have known this position is deadly. So why was it used again?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/News_%26_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="News & Observer">News & Observer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318162004/https://www.newsobserver.com/news/state/north-carolina/article244777867.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News+%26+Observer&rft.atitle=NC+jails+have+known+this+position+is+deadly.+So+why+was+it+used+again%3F&rft.date=2020-08-12&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Battaglia%2C+Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsobserver.com%2Fnews%2Fstate%2Fnorth-carolina%2Farticle244777867.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlettSanderlin2020" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Michael; Sanderlin, Lee O. (July 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/i-cant-breathe-john-neville-repeatedly-told-the-officers-and-the-nurse-now-charged-in/article_89e6994b-e743-5bbf-b14c-dc99514f1bbb.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I can't breathe,' John Neville repeatedly told the officers and the nurse now charged in his death, sources say"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820220053/https://journalnow.com/news/local/i-cant-breathe-john-neville-repeatedly-told-the-officers-and-the-nurse-now-charged-in/article_89e6994b-e743-5bbf-b14c-dc99514f1bbb.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=%27I+can%27t+breathe%2C%27+John+Neville+repeatedly+told+the+officers+and+the+nurse+now+charged+in+his+death%2C+sources+say&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Sanderlin%2C+Lee+O.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fi-cant-breathe-john-neville-repeatedly-told-the-officers-and-the-nurse-now-charged-in%2Farticle_89e6994b-e743-5bbf-b14c-dc99514f1bbb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlett2020" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Michael (July 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/demonstrators-pledge-to-continue-daily-protests-in-winston-salem-until-they-get-answers-on-john/article_c9d88130-e1a3-5095-92fc-def753c5d052.html">"Demonstrators pledge to continue daily protests in Winston-Salem until they get answers on John Neville's death"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806144815/https://journalnow.com/news/local/demonstrators-pledge-to-continue-daily-protests-in-winston-salem-until-they-get-answers-on-john/article_c9d88130-e1a3-5095-92fc-def753c5d052.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Demonstrators+pledge+to+continue+daily+protests+in+Winston-Salem+until+they+get+answers+on+John+Neville%27s+death&rft.date=2020-07-24&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fdemonstrators-pledge-to-continue-daily-protests-in-winston-salem-until-they-get-answers-on-john%2Farticle_c9d88130-e1a3-5095-92fc-def753c5d052.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlett2021" class="citation news cs1">Hewlett, Michael (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/forsyth-county-jails-former-medical-provider-disputes-john-nevilles-cause-of-death/article_b808ca58-4c78-11ec-95f9-13535a9343fb.html">"Forsyth County Jail's former medical provider disputes John Neville's cause of death"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123223653/https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/forsyth-county-jails-former-medical-provider-disputes-john-nevilles-cause-of-death/article_b808ca58-4c78-11ec-95f9-13535a9343fb.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Forsyth+County+Jail%27s+former+medical+provider+disputes+John+Neville%27s+cause+of+death&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime-and-courts%2Fforsyth-county-jails-former-medical-provider-disputes-john-nevilles-cause-of-death%2Farticle_b808ca58-4c78-11ec-95f9-13535a9343fb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526212953/https://journalnow.com/news/state/settlement-awards-3m-to-family-of-man-who-died-in-custody/article_52e9cc65-9933-5873-abd1-00514ba4ffda.html">"Settlement awards $3M to family of man who died in custody"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>. May 25, 2022. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/state/settlement-awards-3m-to-family-of-man-who-died-in-custody/article_52e9cc65-9933-5873-abd1-00514ba4ffda.html">the original</a> on May 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2022</span> – via Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Settlement+awards+%243M+to+family+of+man+who+died+in+custody&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Fstate%2Fsettlement-awards-3m-to-family-of-man-who-died-in-custody%2Farticle_52e9cc65-9933-5873-abd1-00514ba4ffda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton2023" class="citation news cs1">Hinton, John (July 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-courts/civil-claims-dismissed-against-nurse-in-death-of-john-neville-michelle-l-heughins-is-also/article_9f9451fc-1b40-11ee-bafe-f3d44e8e9578.html">"Civil claims dismissed against nurse in death of John Neville"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Civil+claims+dismissed+against+nurse+in+death+of+John+Neville&rft.date=2023-07-05&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime-courts%2Fcivil-claims-dismissed-against-nurse-in-death-of-john-neville-michelle-l-heughins-is-also%2Farticle_9f9451fc-1b40-11ee-bafe-f3d44e8e9578.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHinton2023" class="citation news cs1">Hinton, John (September 15, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journalnow.com/news/local/crime-courts/forsyth-county-district-attorneys-office-dismisses-involuntary-manslaughter-charge-against-nurse-in-the-death-of/article_d5cce064-53ed-11ee-9d13-832c765d992a.html">"Forsyth County District Attorney's Office dismisses involuntary manslaughter charge against nurse in the death of John Neville"</a>. <i>Winston-Salem Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Winston-Salem+Journal&rft.atitle=Forsyth+County+District+Attorney%27s+Office+dismisses+involuntary+manslaughter+charge+against+nurse+in+the+death+of+John+Neville&rft.date=2023-09-15&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournalnow.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime-courts%2Fforsyth-county-district-attorneys-office-dismisses-involuntary-manslaughter-charge-against-nurse-in-the-death-of%2Farticle_d5cce064-53ed-11ee-9d13-832c765d992a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine" class="citation web cs1">Levine, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/chauvins-conviction-floyd-murder-doj-weighs-charging-2017/story?id=77254006">"After Chauvin's conviction for Floyd murder, DOJ weighs charging him for 2017 incident involving Black teen: Source"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427170650/https://abcnews.go.com/US/chauvins-conviction-floyd-murder-doj-weighs-charging-2017/story?id=77254006">Archived</a> from the original on April 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=After+Chauvin%27s+conviction+for+Floyd+murder%2C+DOJ+weighs+charging+him+for+2017+incident+involving+Black+teen%3A+Source&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fchauvins-conviction-floyd-murder-doj-weighs-charging-2017%2Fstory%3Fid%3D77254006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2021" class="citation web cs1">Hall, Ben (May 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newschannel5.com/news/newschannel-5-investigates/you-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-officer-tells-man-before-he-dies">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'You shouldn't be able to breathe,' officer tells man before he dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WTVF" title="WTVF">WTVF</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521002700/https://www.newschannel5.com/news/newschannel-5-investigates/you-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-officer-tells-man-before-he-dies">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WTVF&rft.atitle=%27You+shouldn%27t+be+able+to+breathe%2C%27+officer+tells+man+before+he+dies&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newschannel5.com%2Fnews%2Fnewschannel-5-investigates%2Fyou-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-officer-tells-man-before-he-dies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonas2021" class="citation news cs1">Lonas, Lexi (May 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/554681-video-shows-officer-saying-you-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-moments">"Video shows officer saying 'you shouldn't be able to breathe' moments before jailed man's death"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210521000859/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/554681-video-shows-officer-saying-you-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-moments">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Video+shows+officer+saying+%27you+shouldn%27t+be+able+to+breathe%27+moments+before+jailed+man%27s+death&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft.aulast=Lonas&rft.aufirst=Lexi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F554681-video-shows-officer-saying-you-shouldnt-be-able-to-breathe-moments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57194883">"Tennessee cops mocked dying man's plea: 'I can't breathe'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. May 22, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210522011904/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57194883">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tennessee+cops+mocked+dying+man%27s+plea%3A+%27I+can%27t+breathe%27&rft.date=2021-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-57194883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+can%27t+breathe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/17/california-man-george-floyd-police-death-new-video">California man died screaming ‘I can’t breathe’ as police restrained him, video shows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318103750/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/17/california-man-george-floyd-police-death-new-video">Archived</a> March 18, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Guardian. 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2023/02/23/video-shows-arrest-of-florida-teen-accused-of-killing-3/">Video shows chaotic arrest of Florida teen accused of killing TV reporter and 9-year-old girl</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230329224858/https://nypost.com/2023/02/23/video-shows-arrest-of-florida-teen-accused-of-killing-3/">Archived</a> March 29, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> New York Post. 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">Protests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_George_Floyd" title="Memorials to George Floyd">memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_in_Minneapolis_regarding_the_trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin">trial protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_George_Floyd_protests" title="Lists of George Floyd protests">Locations</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests_map" title="Template:George Floyd protests map">(map)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis–<br />Saint Paul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arson_damage_during_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Arson damage during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Arson damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 local racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">Elsewhere in<br />the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alabama" title="George Floyd protests in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alaska" title="George Floyd protests in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arizona" title="George Floyd protests in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arkansas" title="George Floyd protests in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_California" title="George Floyd protests in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Colorado" title="George Floyd protests in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Connecticut" title="George Floyd protests in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Delaware" title="George Floyd protests in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington,_D.C." title="George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Florida" title="George Floyd protests in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Georgia" title="George Floyd protests in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Atlanta" title="George Floyd protests in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Hawaii" title="George Floyd protests in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Idaho" title="George Floyd protests in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Illinois" title="George Floyd protests in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Chicago" title="George Floyd protests in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Indiana" title="George Floyd protests in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Iowa" title="George Floyd protests in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kansas" title="George Floyd protests in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kentucky" title="George Floyd protests in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Louisiana" title="George Floyd protests in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maine" title="George Floyd protests in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maryland" title="George Floyd protests in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Massachusetts" title="George Floyd protests in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Michigan" title="George Floyd protests in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minnesota" title="George Floyd protests in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Mississippi" title="George Floyd protests in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Missouri" title="George Floyd protests in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Montana" title="George Floyd protests in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nebraska" title="George Floyd protests in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nevada" title="George Floyd protests in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Hampshire" title="George Floyd protests in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Jersey" title="George Floyd protests in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Mexico" title="George Floyd protests in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_City" title="George Floyd protests in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oklahoma" title="George Floyd protests in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Pennsylvania" title="George Floyd protests in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Philadelphia" title="George Floyd protests in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Puerto_Rico" title="George Floyd protests in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Rhode_Island" title="George Floyd protests in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Tennessee" title="George Floyd protests in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Texas" title="George Floyd protests in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Utah" title="George Floyd protests in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Vermont" title="George Floyd protests in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in Washington (state)">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Seattle" title="George Floyd protests in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_West_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wisconsin" title="George Floyd protests in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wyoming" title="George Floyd protests in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">Outside the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Australia" title="George Floyd protests in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Belgium" title="George Floyd protests in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Canada" title="George Floyd protests in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Germany" title="George Floyd protests in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Italy" title="George Floyd protests in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="George Floyd protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">Violence and<br />controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">Police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">Vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Dorn" title="Murder of David Dorn">David Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Sean_Monterrosa" title="Shooting of Sean Monterrosa">Sean Monterrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Garrett_Foster" title="Murder of Garrett Foster">Garrett Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl" title="Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl">Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Arrests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Jimenez" title="Omar Jimenez">Omar Jimenez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/8_minutes_46_seconds" title="8 minutes 46 seconds">8:46</a>"</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">I can't breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_looting_starts,_the_shooting_starts" title="When the looting starts, the shooting starts">When the looting starts, the shooting starts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Reactions<br />(<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Reactions to the murder of George Floyd">to the murder</a> · <br /><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">to the protests</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Legend" title="Operation Legend">Operation Legend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">Police reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Social and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_against_memorials_in_Great_Britain_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests">Actions against memorials in Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Black Lives Matter street murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">Changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials removed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">Name changes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Labor action <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">Strike for Black Lives (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Sports strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Strike for Black Lives (academic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing of Breonna Taylor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor" title="Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Killing of Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Killing of Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Killing of Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Killing of Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Killing of Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Killing of Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Killing of Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andre_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Andre Hill">Killing of Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Killing of Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_United_States_racial_unrest_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the United States racial unrest (2020–present)">List of other incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monument_and_memorial_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States">Monument and memorial controversies in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_and_memorials_in_Canada_removed_in_2020%E2%80%932022" title="Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022">Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">Blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">Gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">Qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">Use of torture by police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">Use of deadly force by police</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Floyd_protests" title="Category:George Floyd protests">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Lives_Matter" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases<br />protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)"><i>Woke</i> (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated<br />with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" 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