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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparations_for_the_rising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Preparations for the rising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparations_for_the_rising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conspiracy_within_a_conspiracy?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conspiracy_within_a_conspiracy?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conspiracy within a conspiracy?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conspiracy_within_a_conspiracy?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proclamation_of_the_Provisional_Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proclamation_of_the_Provisional_Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proclamation of the Provisional Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proclamation_of_the_Provisional_Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-23_July_1803" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#23_July_1803"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>23 July 1803</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-23_July_1803-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle 23 July 1803 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-23_July_1803-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kildare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kildare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kildare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kildare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dublin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dublin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Dublin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dublin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_country_does_not_stir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_country_does_not_stir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The country does not stir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_country_does_not_stir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" 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</li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Rebellion of 1803">Irish Rebellion of 1803</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1803 Irish rebellion against British rule</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Irish rebellion of 1803</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Emmet_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/220px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/330px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/440px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><br />Flag raised by Robert Emmet</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>23 July 1803</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Rebellion suppressed</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">United Irishmen</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Emmet_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/22px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/33px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Robert_Emmet_flag.svg/44px-Robert_Emmet_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Myles_Byrne" title="Myles Byrne">Myles Byrne</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Ireland)" title="James Hope (Ireland)">James Hope</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Putnam_McCabe" title="William Putnam McCabe">William McCabe</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/22px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/33px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg/44px-Green_harp_flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(patriot)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Russell (patriot)">Thomas Russell</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/William_Wickham_(1761-1840)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wickham (1761-1840)">William Wickham</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Fox" title="Henry Edward Fox">Henry Edward Fox</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wolfe,_1st_Viscount_Kilwarden" title="Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden">Viscount Kilwarden</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 50 killed<br />23 executed</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 20 killed</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> Several civilians killed, 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3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#169B62; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:150%; font-weight:bold; color:black; line-height:1em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism"><span style="color:white;">Irish republicanism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Republic_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/122px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="122" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/183px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Irish_Republic_Flag.svg/244px-Irish_Republic_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">Abstentionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalite_and_ballot_box_strategy" title="Armalite and ballot box strategy">Armalite and ballot box strategy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_republican" title="Dissident republican">Dissident republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ire_Nua" title="Éire Nua">Éire Nua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republican_legitimism" title="Irish republican legitimism">Irish republican legitimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Departure_(Ireland)" title="New Departure (Ireland)">New Departure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">Irish Rebellion of 1798</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union 1800</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish rebellion of 1803</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland_rebellion" title="Young Ireland rebellion">Young Ireland rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_raids" title="Fenian raids">Fenian raids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_dynamite_campaign" title="Fenian dynamite campaign">Fenian dynamite campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1918 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1918 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_revolutionary_period" title="Irish revolutionary period">Irish revolutionary period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Irish_general_election" title="1932 Irish general election">1932 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Plan" title="S-Plan">S-Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_Crisis" title="Arms Crisis">Arms Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Irish_hunger_strike" title="1981 Irish hunger strike">1981 Irish hunger strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">Good Friday Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dissident_Irish_republican_campaign" title="Dissident Irish republican campaign">Dissident Irish republican campaign</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Brugha" title="Cathal Brugha">Cathal Brugha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Blaney" title="Neil Blaney">Neil Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clarke_(Irish_republican)" title="Tom Clarke (Irish republican)">Tom Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Costello" title="Seamus Costello">Seamus Costello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89amon_de_Valera" title="Éamon de Valera">Éamon de Valera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathal_Goulding" title="Cathal Goulding">Cathal Goulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Kelly_(Irish_nationalist)" title="Thomas J. Kelly (Irish nationalist)">Thomas J. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Mac_St%C3%ADof%C3%A1in" title="Seán Mac Stíofáin">Seán Mac Stíofáin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">Seán MacBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Devlin_McAliskey" title="Bernadette Devlin McAliskey">Bernadette Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruair%C3%AD_%C3%93_Br%C3%A1daigh" title="Ruairí Ó Brádaigh">Ruairí Ó Brádaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1ith%C3%AD_%C3%93_Conaill" title="Dáithí Ó Conaill">Dáithí Ó Conaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_O%27Donnell" title="Peadar O'Donnell">Peadar O'Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Mahony" title="John O'Mahony">John O'Mahony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Russell" title="Seán Russell">Seán Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Sands" title="Bobby Sands">Bobby Sands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stephens_(Fenian)" title="James Stephens (Fenian)">James Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Twomey" title="Moss Twomey">Moss Twomey</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aont%C3%BA" title="Aontú">Aontú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ir%C3%ADg%C3%AD" title="Éirígí">Éirígí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Party" title="Irish Republican Socialist Party">Irish Republican Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Network_for_Unity" title="Republican Network for Unity">Republican Network for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Republican Sinn Féin">Republican Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoradh" title="Saoradh">Saoradh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ireland_Anti-Partition_League" title="All Ireland Anti-Partition League">All Ireland Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aontacht_%C3%89ireann" title="Aontacht Éireann">Aontacht Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">Clann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_%C3%89ireann" title="Clann Éireann">Clann Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_na_Poblachta" title="Córas na Poblachta">Córas na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_Poblachta_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann">Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_Uladh" title="Fianna Uladh">Fianna Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Anti-Partition_League" title="Irish Anti-Partition League">Irish Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Group_(1976)" title="Irish Workers' Group (1976)">Irish Workers' Group <small>(1976)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Council_for_Unity" title="Northern Council for Unity">Northern Council for Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Labour_Party" title="Republican Labour Party">Republican Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire" title="Saor Éire">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_Independent_Socialist_Organisation" title="Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation">SLISO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Republican Party (Ireland)">Socialist Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Militant groups</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arm_na_Poblachta" title="Arm na Poblachta">Arm na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuity_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Continuity Irish Republican Army">Continuity IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_mBan" title="Cumann na mBan">Cumann na mBan‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna_%C3%89ireann" title="Fianna Éireann">Fianna Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Liberation_Army" title="Irish Republican Liberation Army">Irish Republican Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republican Movement">Irish Republican Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army" title="New Irish Republican Army">New IRA</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inactive</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Liberation_Army" title="Irish National Liberation Army">Irish National Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93glaigh_na_h%C3%89ireann_(Real_IRA_splinter_group)" title="Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)">Óglaigh na hÉireann <small>(Real IRA splinter group)</small></a></li></ul> <p><b>Defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Column" title="Connolly Column">Connolly Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Brigade_(World_War_I)" title="Irish Brigade (World War I)">Irish Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizen_Army" title="Irish Citizen Army">Irish Citizen Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Invincibles" title="Irish National Invincibles">Irish National Invincibles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_People%27s_Liberation_Organisation" title="Irish People's Liberation Organisation">Irish People's Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1919–1922)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army_(1922%E2%80%931969)" title="Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)">Irish Republican Army <small>(1922–1969)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Brotherhood" title="Irish Republican Brotherhood">Irish Republican Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Revolutionary_Forces" title="Irish Revolutionary Forces">Irish Revolutionary Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Volunteers" title="Irish Volunteers">Irish Volunteers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Real Irish Republican Army">Real IRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Action_Against_Drugs" title="Republican Action Against Drugs">Republican Action Against Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Defence_Army" title="Republican Defence Army">Republican Defence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire_(1967%E2%80%931975)" title="Saor Éire (1967–1975)">Saor Éire <small>(1967–1975)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_Uladh" title="Saor Uladh">Saor Uladh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">Society of United Irishmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Armagh_Republican_Action_Force" title="South Armagh Republican Action Force">South Armagh Republican Action Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Ireland" title="Young Ireland">Young Ireland</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Active Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/32_County_Sovereignty_Movement" title="32 County Sovereignty Movement">32 County Sovereignty Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Imperialist_Action_Ireland" title="Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland">Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabhair" title="Cabhair">Cabhair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Association" title="Connolly Association">Connolly Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connolly_Youth_Movement" title="Connolly Youth Movement">Connolly Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRPWA" title="IRPWA">IRPWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Congress" title="Irish National Congress">Irish National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Socialist_Committees_of_North_America" title="Irish Republican Socialist Committees of North America">IRSCNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORAID" title="NORAID">NORAID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association,_Belfast" title="National Graves Association, Belfast">National Graves Association, Belfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Graves_Association" title="National Graves Association">National Graves Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Housing_League" title="Revolutionary Housing League">Revolutionary Housing League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone_Societies" title="Wolfe Tone Societies">Wolfe Tone Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Ógra Fianna Fáil">Ógra Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93gra_Shinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Ógra Shinn Féin">Ógra Shinn Féin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Defunct Organisations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_na_Gael" title="Clan na Gael">Clan na Gael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Clann na hÉireann">Clann na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comhairle_na_Poblachta" title="Comhairle na Poblachta">Comhairle na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungannon_Clubs" title="Dungannon Clubs">Dungannon Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_Monument_Association" title="Emmet Monument Association">Emmet Monument Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood" title="Fenian Brotherhood">Fenian Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Irish_Freedom" title="Friends of Irish Freedom">Friends of Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Voice" title="Irish Republican Voice">Irish Republican Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Federation" title="Irish Socialist Federation">Irish Socialist Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communist_Republicans" title="League of Communist Republicans">League of Communist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Resistance_Movement" title="Northern Resistance Movement">Northern Resistance Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(Ireland)" title="People's Democracy (Ireland)">People's Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_National_and_Literary_Society" title="Phoenix National and Literary Society">Phoenix National and Literary Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troops_Out_Movement" title="Troops Out Movement">Troops Out Movement</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="font-style:italic;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_Phoblacht" title="An Phoblacht">An Phoblacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evening_Press" title="Evening Press">Evening Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_Days_in_Ireland" title="Guerrilla Days in Ireland">Guerrilla Days in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRIS_Magazine" title="IRIS Magazine">IRIS Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Freedom" title="Irish Freedom">Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_News" title="Republican News">Republican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saoirse_Irish_Freedom" title="Saoirse Irish Freedom">Saoirse Irish Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in_(newspaper)" title="Sinn Féin (newspaper)">Sinn Féin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gaelic_American" title="The Gaelic American">The Gaelic American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hibernia_Magazine" title="The Hibernia Magazine">The Hibernia Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Felon" title="The Irish Felon">The Irish Felon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_People_(1863_newspaper)" title="The Irish People (1863 newspaper)">The Irish People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Press" title="The Irish Press">The Irish Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation_(Irish_newspaper)" title="The Nation (Irish newspaper)">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phoenix_(magazine)" title="The Phoenix (magazine)">The Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Starry_Plough_(magazine)" title="The Starry Plough (magazine)">The Starry Plough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Press" title="The Sunday Press">The Sunday Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1848_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1848 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1848 newspaper)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irishman_(1948_newspaper)" title="United Irishman (1948 newspaper)">United Irishman <small>(1948 newspaper)</small></a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christy_Moore" title="Christy Moore">Christy Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dubliners" title="The Dubliners">The Dubliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_rebel_song" title="Irish rebel song">Irish rebel songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kneecap_(band)" title="Kneecap (band)">Kneecap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wolfe_Tones" title="The Wolfe Tones">The Wolfe Tones</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/16px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/24px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Four_Provinces_Flag.svg/32px-Four_Provinces_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="680" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ireland" title="Portal:Ireland">Ireland portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_republicanism" title="Template talk:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_republicanism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish republicanism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Irish rebellion of 1803</b> was an attempt by <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republicanism">Irish republicans</a> to seize the seat of the British government in Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>, and trigger a nationwide insurrection. Renewing the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">struggle of 1798</a>, they were organised under a reconstituted <a href="/wiki/Society_of_United_Irishmen" title="Society of United Irishmen">United Irish</a> directorate. Hopes of French aid, of a diversionary rising by radical militants in England, and of <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Presbyterians</a> in the north-east rallying once more to the cause of a republic were disappointed. The rising in Dublin misfired, and after a series of street skirmishes, the rebels dispersed. Their principal leader, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a>, was executed; others went into exile. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy_of_the_new_United_Irish_directory">Strategy of the new United Irish directory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Strategy of the new United Irish directory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the aftermath of the 1798 rebellion a number of younger United Irishmen were still at liberty, but in communication with state prisoners held at <a href="/wiki/Fort_George,_Highland" title="Fort George, Highland">Fort George in Scotland</a>, worked to re-establish their organisation on strictly military lines. On the express assumption that the people, "panting for emancipation", would follow "the Republican talent ... whenever they call them forth to act", their New Plan of Organisation dispensed with the protocols of a mass-membership organisation, and reserved to themselves, as a national directorate, the authority to appoint and command.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strategy, as before, was to solicit a French invasion and to coordinate, if possible, with radical conspirators in Great Britain. To this end, in December 1798 <a href="/wiki/William_Putnam_McCabe" title="William Putnam McCabe">William Putnam McCabe</a> (son of the co-founder in <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a> of the first United Irish society, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_McCabe_(United_Irishmen)" title="Thomas McCabe (United Irishmen)">Thomas McCabe</a>) set out for France, stopping first in London to renew contact with the network of English <a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)" title="Jacobin (politics)">Jacobins</a>, the United Britons.<sup id="cite_ref-Elliott_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as there had been in the preparation of the earlier rebellion, there was to be a growing rift between those who believed that Ireland had to be part of a larger French-assisted scheme, and those convinced that significant French aid would be forthcoming only to defend an independence already won.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 1800, McCabe was joined in Paris by Robert Emmet (younger brother of the Dublin society co-founder, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Addis_Emmet" title="Thomas Addis Emmet">Thomas Addis Emmet</a>) and by Malachy Delaney (a veteran of Austrian military service).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Talleyrand</a>, they presented <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> with a memorial that assured him that the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Union with Great Britain</a>, imposed in the wake of the rebellion, had "in no way eased the discontent of Ireland", and that the country would rise at the first news of a French landing.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From his own interviews with Napoleon, and with Talleyrand, in the autumn of 1802, Emmet concluded that in their contest with England (paused by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a>, March 1802) the French would have scant regard for Ireland's interests.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most that should be sought was money, arms, ammunition and perhaps officers but not, as had been attempted by <a href="/wiki/Wolfe_Tone" title="Wolfe Tone">Wolfe Tone</a> in December 1796, the landing of a French army. </p><p>Emmet's scepticism regarding French assistance, was a mark of his emerging leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn_2002_267_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn_2002_267-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Fayne, a Kildare conspirator, later testified that Emmet used the talk of French assistance only to "encourage the lower orders of people", as he often heard him say that as bad as an English government was, it was better than a French one", and that his object was "an independent state brought about by Irishmen only".<sup id="cite_ref-:10_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, in England hopes of reviving the allied network ("United Englishmen"/"United Britons") that Irish emissaries had helped build out of disparate democratic clubs in the 1790s was dealt a blow in November 1802. The government arrested, and February 1803 executed, the alleged <a href="/wiki/Edward_Despard" title="Edward Despard">ringleaders</a> of a United conspiracy (the "<a href="/wiki/Despard_Plot" title="Despard Plot">Despard Plot</a>”) to assassinate of the <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">King</a>, seize the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> and spark a rising in the northern mill towns.<sup id="cite_ref-Elliott_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the proclamation he was to issue on the day of the rising in Dublin, Emmet felt it necessary to offer the assurance that the defeat of this "similar attempt in England" had neither "retarded" not "accelerated" republican preparations in Ireland. These had proceeded "without hope of foreign assistance".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_for_the_rising">Preparations for the rising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations for the rising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his return to Dublin in October 1802, Emmet assembled a cadres of what, in the old society, had been mid-level activists, including, in addition to McCabe, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/dowdall-william-a2728">William Dowdall</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/quigley-michael-a7543">Michael Quigley</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/delaney-malachy-a2508">Malachy Delaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Ireland)" title="James Hope (Ireland)">James Hope</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/stafford-nicholas-a8240">Nicholas Stafford</a>. From Paris they were joined in January 1803 by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/hamilton-william-henry-a3767">William Henry Hamilton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn_2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in April by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(rebel)" title="Thomas Russell (rebel)">Thomas Russell</a> (like Dowdall a former state prisoner), who was himself sceptical of the French commitment.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Assisted by a legacy of £2,000 left to Emmet by his father, they set about preparing an insurrection proposed for the end of July 1803.<sup id="cite_ref-Elliott3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elliott3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> On <a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">St Patrick's Day</a>, 17 March 1803, <a href="/wiki/Myles_Byrne" title="Myles Byrne">Myles Byrne</a> recalls Emmet, in a stirring address to his confederates, justifying their resort to arms. He reiterated the case presented in Paris: if the Irish felt that they had cause in 1798, it had only been compounded by the legislative union with Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As long as Ireland retained in her own parliament a "vestige of self-government", her people could entertain hopes of representation and reform. But now "in consequence of the accursed union": </p><blockquote><p>[S]even-eights of the population have no right to send a member of their body to represent them, even in a foreign parliament, and the other eight part of the population are the tools and taskmasters, acting for the cruel English government and their <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Ascendancy" title="Protestant Ascendancy">Irish Ascendancy</a>--a monster still worse, if possible than foreign tyranny.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p>At various premises in Dublin the committee supervised the manufacture and storage weapons. In the anticipation of street fighting, there was considerable ingenuity: folding <a href="/wiki/Pike_(weapon)" title="Pike (weapon)">pikes</a> that might be concealed under <a href="/wiki/Cloak" title="Cloak">cloaks</a>; gunpower-packed beams that could be rolled across the cobblestones against cavalry; various types of grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, Dowdall established hurling clubs as a cover for United Irish units to assemble and drill.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Anne_Devlin" title="Anne Devlin">Anne Devlin</a> (ostensibly Emmet's housekeeper), contact was made with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dwyer" title="Michael Dwyer">Michael Dwyer</a>, her cousin, who since the '98 rebellion had maintained a guerrilla force in the Wicklow Mountains. At two lengthy conferences at Emmet's home in <a href="/wiki/Rathfarnham" title="Rathfarnham">Rathfarnham</a> in April 1803, Dwyer, in return for arms, promised support.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Ireland)" title="James Hope (Ireland)">James Hope</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(rebel)" title="Thomas Russell (rebel)">Thomas Russell</a> were dispatched to secure similar commitments from those they had previously organised and led in <a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">Antrim</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">Down</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0222_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0222-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conspiracy_within_a_conspiracy?"><span id="Conspiracy_within_a_conspiracy.3F"></span>Conspiracy within a conspiracy?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Conspiracy within a conspiracy?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike in <a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798</a>, and until the accidental explosion of their arms depot in <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Street,_Dublin" title="Patrick Street, Dublin">Patrick Street</a> on July 16, the conspirators appear to have successfully concealed their preparations. Recalling <a href="/wiki/Henry_Joy_McCracken" title="Henry Joy McCracken">Henry Joy McCracken's</a> caution that "the rich always betray the poor", in his <i>Labour in Irish History</i> (1910) <a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a> credits this to Emmet's reliance upon workers (and consequently on an organisation that was "more distinctly democratic"—even if more military in structure—than original United movement).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But Emmet did take "persons of respectability" into his confidence.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, he allowed <a href="/wiki/John_Petty,_2nd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="John Petty, 2nd Marquess of Lansdowne">John Petty, Earl Wycombe</a>, the disaffected son of the former British prime minister, <a href="/wiki/William_Petty,_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne" title="William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne">Lord Shelbourne</a>, to view the arms depots.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emmet may have suspected that some of these confidences were misplaced. To the historian <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Madden" title="Richard Robert Madden">R. R. Madden</a>, Hope suggested that Emmet realised that "the men of rank and fortune" had urged him to head a new rising had had ulterior motives, but that he nonetheless placed his confidence in the great mass of the people to rise.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drawing on research in the 1880s by Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet of New York City, a grandson of Emmet's elder brother, biographer Helen Landreth believes that Chief Secretary for Ireland, <a href="/wiki/William_Wickham_(1761%E2%80%931840)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Wickham (1761–1840)">William Wickham</a>, and Under-Secretary Alexander Marsden, conspired with <a href="/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger" title="William Pitt the Younger">William Pitt</a>, then out of office but anticipating his return as Prime Minister. They sought to encourage the most dangerously disaffected in Ireland to fatally compromise the prospects for an effective revolt by acting in advance of a French invasion. Landreth believes that Emmet was their unwitting instrument.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was drawn home from Paris for the purpose of organising a premature rising by the misrepresentations of <a href="/wiki/William_Putnam_McCabe" title="William Putnam McCabe">William Putnam McCabe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_O%27Connor_(United_Irishman)" title="Arthur O'Connor (United Irishman)">Arthur O'Connor</a> whom she suspected of being double agents.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her evidence, however, is entirely circumstantial,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appears to rely chiefly on Pitt's reputed cynicism with regard 1798 rebellion, which he anticipated as an occasion to further secure England's western flank through a legislative union.<sup id="cite_ref-:92_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:92-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Hope informed Madden that Russell had said:<sup id="cite_ref-:134_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:134-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 79">: 79 </span></sup></p><blockquote><p>This conspiracy is the work of the enemy, we are now in its vortex—if we can swim ashore let it not be through innocent blood; if the people are true to themselves, we have an overwhelming force; if otherwise, we fall and our lives will be a sufficient sacrifice.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 102">: 102 </span></sup></p></blockquote><p>Madden, however, understood "the enemy" not to be Pitt and his party, but precisely those in the Castle and Ascendancy who had helped force Pitt's resignation<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by opposing his commitment to include <a href="/wiki/Catholic_emancipation" title="Catholic emancipation">Catholic emancipation</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Acts of Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:133_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:133-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 77">: 77 </span></sup> Madden writes:</p><blockquote><p>There were two government in Ireland in 1803; the all-powerful one of <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orangeism</a> . . . managed by Mr [Alexander] Marsden; and the government of the viceroy, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Yorke,_3rd_Earl_of_Hardwicke" title="Philip Yorke, 3rd Earl of Hardwicke">Lord Hardwicke</a>; ostensibly administered by the chief secretary, Mr. <a href="/wiki/William_Wickham_(civil_servant)" title="William Wickham (civil servant)">[William] Wickham</a>, but virtually controlled—shut out from a knowledge of all important facts supposed to be injurious to Orange interests ... by Mr Marsden.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 486">: 486 </span></sup></p></blockquote><p>The implication is that Marsden saw to it that the émigré United Irish were fed a "false picture of feeling around the country" in order to promote a rebellion that would strengthen the hand of Orange leaders in their "conflict of political attrition" with the potentially conciliatory British government.<sup id="cite_ref-:132_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:132-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 78">: 78 </span></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proclamation_of_the_Provisional_Government">Proclamation of the Provisional Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Proclamation of the Provisional Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emmet prepared a proclamation in the name of the "Provisional Government". Calling upon the Irish people "to show the world that you are competent to take your place among the nations . . . as an independent country", Emmet made clear in the proclamation that they would have to do so "without foreign assistance": "That confidence which was once lost by trusting to external support . . . has been again restored. We have been mutually pledged to each other to look only to our own strength".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:03_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Proclamation also contained "allusions to the widening of the political agenda of Emmet and the United Irishmen following the failure of 1798".<sup id="cite_ref-:03_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to democratic parliamentary reform, the Proclamation announced that tithes were to be abolished and the land of the established <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a> nationalised. At the same time, seeking to confirm an appeal across both class and sectarian divisions, it declared: "We are not against property – we war against no religious sect – we war not against past opinions or prejudices – we war against English dominion."<sup id="cite_ref-:03_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Assurances were also given that there should be no repeat of the outrages against loyalists that had occurred during the southern risings in 1798, and whose embellishment had done much to damage the United cause in the north. "Every appearance of plunder, intoxication or revenge" was to be avoided. The "nation alone" possessed the right to execute the death sentence.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Russell offered the same in the proclamation he issued in the north: "any outrage contrary to the acknowledged laws of war, and of morality, shall be retaliated in the severest manner".<sup id="cite_ref-:7_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="23_July_1803">23 July 1803</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 23 July 1803"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The alarm caused by the explosion at the <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Street,_Dublin" title="Patrick Street, Dublin">Patrick Street</a> arms depot on July 16 persuaded Emmet and a majority of the leadership to bring forward the date of the rising. Without further consideration of French aid, it was set for the evening of Saturday, July 23, a festival day which could provide cover for the gathering of their forces.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kildare">Kildare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Kildare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the morning of 23 July 1803, emissaries from <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">Kildare</a> taken to view the Thomas Street depot in Dublin were impressed, not by the folding pikes, the grenades or rockets, but by the lack of serviceable firearms. Emmet could show them but a dozen blunderbusses and twelve cases of pistols.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They left to turn back their men on the road to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kildare, a county which despite having been "up" in 1798 was spared by a locally negotiated amnesty from the "white terror" that followed, there had been hundreds, perhaps thousands, of men willing to act in support of a Dublin coup d'état. Shortly after his return from exile in March 1803, Michael Quigly,<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of the Kildare leaders who had surrendered in July 1798, visited known United Irish veterans in <a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sallins" title="Sallins">Sallins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rathcoffey" title="Rathcoffey">Rathcoffey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosperous,_County_Kildare" title="Prosperous, County Kildare">Prosperous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timahoe" title="Timahoe">Timahoe</a> and elsewhere and, according to the reports of local magistrates, was enthusiastically received. Sir Fenton Aylmer, a prominent local landowner, noted that "the peasantry of the County Kildare, in general, are determined to rise when they hear of a French invasion and join the enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Without news either of the French or of developments in Dublin, on the evening of the 23rd about one hundred rebels gathered on the main street in Maynooth under the leadership of Owen Lyons, a shoemaker, Carter Connolly, a schoolteacher, and Thomas Kereghan, a farmer and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> boatman, all wearing green uniforms. They overpowered the only two soldiers stationed in the town and then set about searching for arms in the possession of local inhabitants. After the small rebel force had marched to <a href="/wiki/Rathcoffey" title="Rathcoffey">Rathcoffey</a> on the morning of the 24th in hope of meeting other insurgents, they learned the rebellion in Dublin had failed. With no possibility of success and few options, they finally surrendered in <a href="/wiki/Maynooth" title="Maynooth">Maynooth</a> on 25 July.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, there had been a similar muster on 23 July in Naas. The men, by some accounts numbering as many as 400, proceeded in small bands toward Dublin. Many, perhaps most, turned back, either because of the reported lack of arms<sup id="cite_ref-:15_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:15-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or, possibly, rumours that the rebellion had been postponed or cancelled. Some, however, seem to have participated in the street skirmishing that occurred that night.<sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dublin">Dublin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dublin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Dublin, on the evening of 23 July, the rebels were to seize strategic positions across the city and signal the regions to rise. These included the <a href="/wiki/Poolbeg_Generating_Station" title="Poolbeg Generating Station">Pigeon House Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islandbridge_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Islandbridge Barracks">Islandbridge Barracks</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Custom_House,_Dublin" title="The Old Custom House, Dublin">original Custom House</a> (situated on modern-day <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Wellington Quay">Wellington Quay</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the key was <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a>, since the lordship of <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">King John</a> the seat of English government in Ireland. Led by Emmet, armed rebels would enter the main gate of the lightly defended castle disguised in fine-liveried carriages as an aristocratic party, and Byrne, leading <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">Wicklow</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Wexford" title="County Wexford">Wexford</a> men, would force the Ship Street entrance. Together they would capture the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_Ireland" title="Privy Council of Ireland">Privy Council</a> then in session.<sup id="cite_ref-:62_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 9 in the evening, turned out in their gold-trimmed green uniforms, Emmet, <a href="/wiki/Myles_Byrne" title="Myles Byrne">Myles Byrne</a>, Malachy Delaney,<sup id="cite_ref-:11_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Nicholas Stafford<sup id="cite_ref-:12_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rendezvoused at the Thomas Street/Marshal Lane depot. Instead of the hundreds expected, at the depot they were greeted by just 80 men,<sup id="cite_ref-:62_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:62-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they learned that the approaching carriages had been abandoned in Bridgefoot Street after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howley" title="Henry Howley">Henry Howley</a>, in command, shot a soldier in a brawl.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Emmet later identified this misadventure as chief cause of the ensuing debacle).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To avoid what he now viewed as a useless shedding of blood, Emmet stood down sizeable rebel groups straddling the main suburban roads by pre-arranged signal, a solitary rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterwards, anticipating an attack on their position, he brought his men, described by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Madden" title="Richard Robert Madden">R.R. Madden</a> as "a motley assemblage ... , a great number of whom were, if not intoxicated, under the evident excitement of drink",<sup id="cite_ref-:4_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> out onto the street. After witnessing them firing upon lamp posts and any other target that presented itself,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pulling a lone <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">dragoon</a> from his horse and piking him to death, Emmet tried and failed to get the men to disperse. He was unaware of the approach of a further 300 men, under command of <a href="/wiki/John_Allen_(Irish_nationalist)" title="John Allen (Irish nationalist)">John Allen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a small party he effected a retreat to <a href="/wiki/Rathfarnham" title="Rathfarnham">Rathfarnham</a> in the hope of reaching the <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_Mountains" title="Wicklow Mountains">Wicklow Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Left behind in Thomas Street was a now leaderless mob. It was 9:45 pm and it was from this point, according to subsequent government inquiry, that "all atrocities" were committed. Their principal victim was <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wolfe,_1st_Viscount_Kilwarden" title="Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden">Arthur Wolfe, Viscount Kilwarden</a>, who had the misfortune to turn into the street. He was the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chief Justice of Ireland">Lord Chief Justice of Ireland</a>, reviled as chief prosecutor of <a href="/wiki/William_Orr_(United_Irishman)" title="William Orr (United Irishman)">William Orr</a> in 1797 (although also the judge in 1794 who, in granting <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a>,</i> had allowed Wolfe Tone to avoid treason charges and leave for the United States). While his daughter was led to safety, Kilwarden was dragged from his <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriage</a> and hacked to death.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Emmet approached Rathfarnham, his confederates Patrick McCabe, Owen Kirwan, Thomas Keogh and possibly<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Finnerty" title="Peter Finnerty">Peter Finnerty</a> were still in command of a total of at least 400 men in different parts of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At <a href="/wiki/Ballsbridge" title="Ballsbridge">Ballsbridge</a>, one group pressed pikes upon passers urging them to fight for their "country and liberty". Others fought skirmishes in the vicinity of the military barracks in Newmarket Street and in James Street. At midnight, three hours after the beginning of the action, the authorities, slow to acknowledge that the disorders amounted to armed rebellion, finally mobilised the military and drove the remaining rebels from the streets.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_country_does_not_stir">The country does not stir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The country does not stir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his biography of Robert Emmet, Ruan O'Donnell observes that a "striking feature of the Rising of 1803 was the low level of unrest it excited around the country".<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Dublin and Kildare, few people appear to have stirred. </p><p>As events unfolded in Dublin, <a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Ireland)" title="James Hope (Ireland)">James Hope</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Antrim" title="County Antrim">County Antrim</a> (where he had fought in '98), William Henry Hamilton in counties <a href="/wiki/County_Fermanagh" title="County Fermanagh">Fermanagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">Cavan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn_2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn_2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(rebel)" title="Thomas Russell (rebel)">Thomas Russell</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Down" title="County Down">Down</a> proved unable to rekindle the republican spirit among Presbyterian tradesmen and tenant farmers or the fighting commitment of Catholic <a href="/wiki/Defenders_(Ireland)" title="Defenders (Ireland)">Defenders</a>. The winter 1799–1800 had seen widespread return of flogging, arms raids and assassinations to rural east Ulster, proving that a will to resist had continued among a substantial element of the region's population.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in Antrim this appears to have been broken in March 1800 by a court martial of over 100 men in <a href="/wiki/Ballymena" title="Ballymena">Ballymena</a>. Sixteen were executed (with the body of the United Irishman, Thomas Archer, left to hang in an iron cage <i>in terrorem</i> for several months); 16 were flogged and transported; 23 were forced into exile, and 10 were condemned to serve in the army or the fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, James McGucken, a government agent, had manoeuvred himself into a position where he could control the likely rebels in Down. Confident that Emmet's efforts in Dublin were fatally compromised, he urged the Northern men not to stir until they saw the rising in the capital succeed.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Friends in Belfast, veterans of the struggle, cautioned Russell and Hope that there was no appetite for a further rising.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Russell himself confirmed when on the day of the rising in Dublin, and on the day following when still uncertain of its outcome, he attempted to raise the United Irish standard in Down.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The few men who gathered to hear him in the north of the county protested that without the French, they would all hang "like dogs."<sup id="cite_ref-:022_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moving south into the heart of what had been Defender country, Russell, dressed in his green uniform, was greeted on a hill near <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a> by just three individuals, and of these one responded to Russell's promise of French arms with the suggestion (echoing Emmet) that Ireland might as well be an English colony, as a French one.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desperate to recruit support, in Annadorn and <a href="/wiki/Loughinisland" title="Loughinisland">Loughinisland</a> Russell is said to have played on anti-<a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orange</a> sentiments, but with equally little effect.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of the 23rd, suspect parties were sighted in different parts of Antrim: "numbers of people" moving towards <a href="/wiki/Ballymena" title="Ballymena">Ballymena</a>; "400-500 men at exercise" near <a href="/wiki/Larne" title="Larne">Larne</a>; men "at drill" in <a href="/wiki/Carnmoney" title="Carnmoney">Carnmoney</a>. But there was no engagement.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Absent news of some initial success, and the arms they had been promised, Michael Dwyer was reluctant to lead his men down from the Wicklow Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was reported that a signal rocket had been fired in <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, but the subsequent lack of activity suggested that no one was primed for its appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Payne, the commander in Limerick, understood that large numbers in the southwest had been sworn to support the rebellion. But their "General", David Fitzgerald, and four of his lieutenants had sailed for France. In his absence, Fitzgerald's father appears to have played much the same role as McGucken in the north, in counselling delay.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg/250px-Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg/375px-Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg/500px-Robert_Emmet_-_Trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="485" /></a><figcaption>Depiction of Robert Emmet's trial</figcaption></figure> <p>Emmet reached Rathfarnham an hour before midnight with a party of 16. When he heard that Wicklow men were still planning to rise, he issued a countermanding order to prevent needless violence.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, all else lost, he asked <a href="/wiki/Myles_Byrne" title="Myles Byrne">Myles Byrne</a> to proceed to Paris to do all that he might, even now, to encourage an invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-Quinn_2002_267_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quinn_2002_267-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emmet was captured on 25 August, near <a href="/wiki/Harold%27s_Cross" title="Harold's Cross">Harold's Cross</a>. He endangered his life by moving his hiding place from Rathfarnham to Harold's Cross so that he could be near his sweetheart, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Curran" title="Sarah Curran">Sarah Curran</a>. He was tried for treason on 19 September; the Crown repaired the weaknesses in its case by securing the assistance of Emmet's defence attorney, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_McNally" title="Leonard McNally">Leonard McNally</a> (already an established informer) for £200 and a pension.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Emmet's <i>Speech from the Dock</i> after sentencing is especially remembered for its closing sentences. They helped secure his reputation among future generations of <a href="/wiki/Irish_republican" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish republican">Irish republicans</a>. The most commonly reported version reads: </p> <blockquote> <p>Let no man write my epitaph; for as no man who knows my motives dare now vindicate them, let not prejudice or ignorance, asperse them. Let them and me rest in obscurity and peace, and my tomb remain un-inscribed, and my memory in oblivion, until other times and other men can do justice to my character. When my country takes her place among the nations of the earth, <i>then and not till then</i>, let my epitaph be written. I have done.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>On 20 September, Emmet was executed in Thomas Street. He was hanged and then beheaded once dead.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had been preceded to the gallows by 14 of his confederates (tradesmen and labourers commemorated on a plaque at St. Catherine's church off Thomas Street).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six more were executed after Emmet's death, including Russell at <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After returning from the north, Russell managed to hide for a number of weeks in Dublin where he had hopes of organising Emmet's rescue. But the shocked authorities launched a martial-law dragnet of raids and arrests in which he was eventually caught. He was promptly sent to <a href="/wiki/Downpatrick" title="Downpatrick">Downpatrick</a> Gaol where he was swiftly tried and executed.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hundreds of rebels and suspected rebels were arrested in Kildare.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the rising, Dwyer faced new and concerted efforts by the government to crush his guerrilla force in the Wicklow Mountains. In December 1803, after five years resistance, he finally capitulated on terms that would allow him safe passage to America. The government, instead, held him in <a href="/wiki/Kilmainham_Jail" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilmainham Jail">Kilmainham Jail</a> until August 1805 and then <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transported</a> him to the penal colony of <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (Australia).<sup id="cite_ref-:9_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, the year before, in March 1804, news of the rising in Dublin had stirred several hundred United Irish to mutiny in the hope of seizing ships for a return to Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-whitaker_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitaker-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poorly armed, and with their leader Philip Cunningham seized under a flag of truce,<sup id="cite_ref-:72_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main body of insurgents were routed in an encounter loyalists, recalling the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vinegar_Hill" title="Battle of Vinegar Hill">defeat of the Wexford rebels</a> in 1798, celebrated as the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Hill_convict_rebellion" title="Castle Hill convict rebellion">Second Battle of Vinegar Hill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dublin Castle authorities had no wish for <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Westminster</a> to know that a wide-ranging republican conspiracy had been hatched under their noses. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Lord Castlereagh</a>, author of the Union that was supposed to address the challenges of Irish governance, advised them that "the best thing would be to go into no detail whatever upon the case [against Emmet] to keep the subject clearly standing on its own narrow base of a contemptible insurrection without means or respectable leaders".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In what was widely viewed as an unnecessary attack on a doomed man Emmet's prosecutor, <a href="/wiki/William_Plunket,_1st_Baron_Plunket" title="William Plunket, 1st Baron Plunket">William Plunket</a>, took pains to portray him as the deluded leader of a conspiracy encompassing "the bricklayer, the old clothes man, the hodman and the hostler".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, and notwithstanding that the rebellion was led largely by Protestants, many in authority were quick to associate it with Catholic disloyalty. That a rebel muster had occurred close the <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_College,_Maynooth" class="mw-redirect" title="St Patrick's College, Maynooth">Catholic seminary at Maynooth</a>, was made a point of an official inquiry, and of ill-founded allegations of clerical complicity.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The only association with the college appears to have been the intervention of its French-born professor of natural philosophy, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Darr%C3%A9" title="André Darré">André Darré</a>. He helped negotiate the surrender of the local rebels on July 25).<sup id="cite_ref-:16_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:16-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the north, although Catholic Defenders had been equally loath to commit themselves, the failure of Presbyterians to respond to the entreaties of Hope and Russell was celebrated as evidence of Protestant commitment to the Union. In October 1803, the judge who conducted Russell's trial noted with satisfaction that Ulster Presbyterians had "got into their heads that the present scheme of rebellion has originated with the papists exclusively, and that idea, together with a conviction that should Bonaparte succeed in his designs, there will be no republic, but on the contrary, despotism and pillage, secures their support in the present crisis".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bartlett_(historian)" title="Thomas Bartlett (historian)">Thomas Bartlett</a> concludes that the portrayal of the rebellion as a "popish affair" marked the abandonment by the government of any attempt "to govern Ireland on 'Union principles'", and a reaffirmation of the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Ascendancy" title="Protestant Ascendancy">Ascendancy</a> view of the catholic majority as congenitally unfit for the exercise of British liberties. Widespread and continued agrarian unrest was seen as a product, not of misgovernment and poverty, but rather of a quality "rooted" in the Irish (Catholic) character.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_O%27Connell" title="Daniel O'Connell">Daniel O'Connell</a> who led the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Relief_Act_1829" title="Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829">Catholic Emancipation</a> and for repeal of the Union in the decades that followed, denied all connection to the United Irish rebellions, roundly condemning the resort to "physical force". He remained content with his dismissal of Emmett in 1803 as an instigator of bloodshed who had forfeited any claim to "compassion".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For their rehabilitation, Emmet and the men in 1803 had to await a later generation of Irish republicans. <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Pearse" title="Patrick Pearse">Patrick Pearse</a>, who in <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">1916</a> was next to proclaim a provisional government in Dublin, declared that the 1803 rising had "redeemed Ireland from acquiescence in the Union". The attempt had been "not a failure, but a triumph for that deathless thing we call Irish Nationality".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leading_figures">Leading figures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leading figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Allen_(Irish_nationalist)" title="John Allen (Irish nationalist)">John Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myles_Byrne" title="Myles Byrne">Myles Byrne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/delaney-malachy-a2508">Malachy Delaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Devlin" title="Anne Devlin">Anne Devlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dwyer" title="Michael Dwyer">Michael Dwyer</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/dowdall-william-a2728">William Dowdall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Emmet" title="Robert Emmet">Robert Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Finnerty" title="Peter Finnerty">Peter Finnerty</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/hamilton-william-henry-a3767">William Henry Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hope_(Ireland)" title="James Hope (Ireland)">James Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howley" title="Henry Howley">Henry Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Putnam_McCabe" title="William Putnam McCabe">William Putnam McCabe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/quigley-michael-a7543">Michael Quigley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Russell_(rebel)" title="Thomas Russell (rebel)">Thomas Russell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/stafford-nicholas-a8240">Nicholas Stafford</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/wright-thomas-a9136">Thomas Wright</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/wylde-thomas-a9034">Thomas Wylde</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_to_the_Irish_Rebellion_of_1803" title="List of monuments and memorials to the Irish Rebellion of 1803">List of monuments and memorials to the Irish Rebellion of 1803</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2008" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, James G. (2008). <i>In the Wake of the Great Rebellion:Republicanism, Agrarianism and Banditry in Ireland after 1798</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780719076930" title="Special:BookSources/9780719076930"><bdi>9780719076930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Wake+of+the+Great+Rebellion%3ARepublicanism%2C+Agrarianism+and+Banditry+in+Ireland+after+1798&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780719076930&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elliott-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elliott_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elliott_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott1977" class="citation journal cs1">Elliott, Marianne (May 1977). "The 'Despard Plot' Reconsidered". <i>Past & Present</i> (1): 46–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F75.1.46">10.1093/past/75.1.46</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=The+%27Despard+Plot%27+Reconsidered&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=46-61&rft.date=1977-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F75.1.46&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoghegan2002" class="citation book cs1">Geoghegan, Patrick (2002). <i>Robert Emmet, a Life</i>. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717133871" title="Special:BookSources/9780717133871"><bdi>9780717133871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Emmet%2C+a+Life&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780717133871&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinman2009" class="citation web cs1">Kleinman, Sylvie (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/delaney-malachy-a2508">"Delaney, Malachy | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612105013/https://www.dib.ie/biography/delaney-malachy-a2508">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=Delaney%2C+Malachy+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fdelaney-malachy-a2508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleinman2013" class="citation web cs1">Kleinman, Sylvie (22 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/french-connection-ii-robert-emmet-and-malachy-delaneys-memorial-to-napoleon-buonaparte-september-1800/">"French Connection II: Robert Emmet and Malachy Delaney's memorial to Napoleon Buonaparte, September 1800"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611234129/https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/french-connection-ii-robert-emmet-and-malachy-delaneys-memorial-to-napoleon-buonaparte-september-1800/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=French+Connection+II%3A+Robert+Emmet+and+Malachy+Delaney%27s+memorial+to+Napoleon+Buonaparte%2C+September+1800&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft.aulast=Kleinman&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Ffrench-connection-ii-robert-emmet-and-malachy-delaneys-memorial-to-napoleon-buonaparte-september-1800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:13_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb1878" class="citation web cs1">Webb, Alfred (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/RobertEmmet.php">"Robert Emmet - Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.libraryireland.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210604180027/https://www.libraryireland.com/biography/RobertEmmet.php">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.libraryireland.com&rft.atitle=Robert+Emmet+-+Irish+Biography&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libraryireland.com%2Fbiography%2FRobertEmmet.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quinn_2002_267-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quinn_2002_267_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quinn_2002_267_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2002" class="citation book cs1">Quinn, James (2002). <i>Soul on Fire: a Life of Thomas Russell</i>. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780716527329" title="Special:BookSources/9780716527329"><bdi>9780716527329</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soul+on+Fire%3A+a+Life+of+Thomas+Russell&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780716527329&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoghegan (2002), pp. 157, 288</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quinn_2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Quinn_2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Quinn_2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2009" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, James (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/hamilton-william-henry-a3767">"Hamilton, William Henry | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=Hamilton%2C+William+Henry+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fhamilton-william-henry-a3767&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinn (2002), pp. 247-248</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elliott3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elliott3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott1977" class="citation journal cs1">Elliott, Marianne (May 1977). "The 'Despard Plot' Reconsidered". <i>Past & Present</i> (1): (46–61) 56–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F75.1.46">10.1093/past/75.1.46</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=The+%27Despard+Plot%27+Reconsidered&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%2846-61%29+56-60&rft.date=1977-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F75.1.46&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoghegan (2002), pp. 120-121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">quoted in Geoghegan (2002), pp. 120-121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:62-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:62_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:62_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardon2008" class="citation book cs1">Bardon, Jonathan (2008). <i>A History of Ireland in 250 Episodes</i>. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 334–336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717146499" title="Special:BookSources/9780717146499"><bdi>9780717146499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ireland+in+250+Episodes&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=334-336&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780717146499&rft.aulast=Bardon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:14_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/dowdall-william-a2728">"Dowdall, William | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Michael+Dwyer+of+Imaal&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Fmichael-dwyer-of-imaal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0222-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0222_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2003" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, James (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-dog-that-didnt-bark-the-north-and-1803/">"The dog that didn't bark": the North and 1803"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+dog+that+didn%27t+bark%22%3A+the+North+and+1803&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Fthe-dog-that-didnt-bark-the-north-and-1803%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConnolly1971" class="citation book cs1">Connolly, James (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VjOWBQAAQBAJ&q=Connolly,+Labour+in+Irish+History"><i>Labour in Irish History</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-291-45910-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-291-45910-4"><bdi>978-1-291-45910-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Labour+in+Irish+History&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-1-291-45910-4&rft.aulast=Connolly&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVjOWBQAAQBAJ%26q%3DConnolly%2C%2BLabour%2Bin%2BIrish%2BHistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden1860" class="citation book cs1">Madden, Richard Robert (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-o1LAQAAMAAJ"><i>The United Irishmen, Their Lives and Times</i></a>. Dublin: James Duffy. pp. 328–329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Irishmen%2C+Their+Lives+and+Times&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=328-329&rft.pub=James+Duffy&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Richard+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-o1LAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoghegan2009" class="citation web cs1">Geoghegan, Patrick (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/petty-john-henry-a7302">"Petty, John Henry | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=Petty%2C+John+Henry+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fpetty-john-henry-a7302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landreth (1948), pp. 153-154</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:92-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:92_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:92_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Landreth (1948), pp x-xi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landreth (1948), pp. 121, 121n, 246n, 247n</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeoghegan2002" class="citation book cs1">Geoghegan, Patrick (2002). <i>Robert Emmet</i>. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0717133877" title="Special:BookSources/0717133877"><bdi>0717133877</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Emmet&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=Gill+%26+Macmillan&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0717133877&rft.aulast=Geoghegan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:134-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:134_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1988" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, Brendan (1988). <i>Thomas Russell and Belfast</i>. Belfast: Athol Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330" title="Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330"><bdi>0-85034-0330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Russell+and+Belfast&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pub=Athol+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85034-0330&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden1847" class="citation book cs1">Madden, Richard Robert (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N6YDAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Life and Times of Robert Emmet, Esq</i></a>. James Duffy, 10, Wellington Quay.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Robert+Emmet%2C+Esq&rft.pub=James+Duffy%2C+10%2C+Wellington+Quay.&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Richard+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN6YDAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHague2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague, William</a> (2005). <i>William Pitt the Younger</i>. HarperPerennial. p. 479. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-714720-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-714720-5"><bdi>978-0-00-714720-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Pitt+the+Younger&rft.pages=479&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-00-714720-5&rft.aulast=Hague&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:133-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:133_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1988" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, Brendan (1988). <i>Thomas Russell and Belfast</i>. Belfast: Athol Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330" title="Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330"><bdi>0-85034-0330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Russell+and+Belfast&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pub=Athol+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85034-0330&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden1860" class="citation book cs1">Madden, Richard Robert (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X3NEAQAAMAAJ"><i>The United Irishmen: Their Lives and Times, with Several Additional Memoirs, and Authentic Documents, Heretofore Unpublished, the Whole Matter Newly Arranged and Revised</i></a>. James Duffy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+United+Irishmen%3A+Their+Lives+and+Times%2C+with+Several+Additional+Memoirs%2C+and+Authentic+Documents%2C+Heretofore+Unpublished%2C+the+Whole+Matter+Newly+Arranged+and+Revised&rft.pub=James+Duffy&rft.date=1860&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Richard+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX3NEAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:132-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:132_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClifford1988" class="citation book cs1">Clifford, Brendan (1988). <i>Thomas Russell and Belfast</i>. Belfast: Athol Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330" title="Special:BookSources/0-85034-0330"><bdi>0-85034-0330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thomas+Russell+and+Belfast&rft.place=Belfast&rft.pub=Athol+Books&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85034-0330&rft.aulast=Clifford&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nootherlaw.com/archive/1803-proclamation.html#:~:text=We%20therefore%20solemnly%20declare,%20that,of%20its%20independence%20is%20obtained">"Robert Emmet's Proclamation, 1803"</a>. <i>No Other Law</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.echo.ie&rft.atitle=Rewind%3A+The+murder+of+Lord+Kilwarden&rft.date=2020-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.echo.ie%2Fshow%2Farticle%2Frewind-the-murder-of-lord-kilwarden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2014" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, Jonathan Jeffrey (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24701793">"An Anglo-Irish Radical in the Late Georgian Metropolis: Peter Finnerty and the Politics of Contempt"</a>. <i>Journal of British Studies</i>. <b>53</b> (3): (660–684) 670. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fjbr.2014.55">10.1017/jbr.2014.55</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9371">0021-9371</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24701793">24701793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+British+Studies&rft.atitle=An+Anglo-Irish+Radical+in+the+Late+Georgian+Metropolis%3A+Peter+Finnerty+and+the+Politics+of+Contempt&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%28660-684%29+670&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0021-9371&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24701793%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fjbr.2014.55&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24701793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoghegan (2002), p. 191</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donnell2003" class="citation book cs1">O'Donnell, Ruan (2003). <i>Robert Emmet and the Rising of 1803</i>. Irish Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780716527879" title="Special:BookSources/9780716527879"><bdi>9780716527879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Emmet+and+the+Rising+of+1803&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780716527879&rft.aulast=O%27Donnell&rft.aufirst=Ruan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattersby2003" class="citation news cs1">Battersby, Eileen (22 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/rebel-with-a-cause-as-well-as-flaws-1.366978">"Rebel with a cause as well as flaws"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Rebel+with+a+cause+as+well+as+flaws&rft.date=2003-07-22&rft.aulast=Battersby&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Frebel-with-a-cause-as-well-as-flaws-1.366978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatterson2013" class="citation book cs1">Patterson, James G. (19 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manchesterhive.com/view/9781847791528/9781847791528.00008.xml"><i>The second wave: Active resistance, 1799–1800</i></a>. Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-152-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84779-152-8"><bdi>978-1-84779-152-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+second+wave%3A+Active+resistance%2C+1799%E2%80%931800&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2013-07-19&rft.isbn=978-1-84779-152-8&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchesterhive.com%2Fview%2F9781847791528%2F9781847791528.00008.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaume2009" class="citation web cs1">Maume, Patrick (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/archer-thomas-a0203">"Archer, Thomas | Dictionary of Irish Biography"</a>. <i>www.dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dib.ie&rft.atitle=Archer%2C+Thomas+%7C+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Maume&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Farcher-thomas-a0203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen1948" class="citation book cs1">Helen, Landreth (1948). <i>The Pursuit of Robert Emmet</i>. New York, London: McGraw Hill. p. 167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pursuit+of+Robert+Emmet&rft.place=New+York%2C+London&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Helen&rft.aufirst=Landreth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:022-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:022_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:022_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuinn2003" class="citation web cs1">Quinn, James (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/the-dog-that-didnt-bark-the-north-and-1803/">"The dog that didn't bark": the North and 1803"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+dog+that+didn%27t+bark%22%3A+the+North+and+1803&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Quinn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Fthe-dog-that-didnt-bark-the-north-and-1803%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Commentary by Kenneth Robinson in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirch2005" class="citation book cs1">Birch, Thomas Ledlie (2005). <i>A Letter from an Irish Emigrant (1799)</i> (Originally published in Philadelphia ed.). Belfast: Athol Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0850341108" title="Special:BookSources/0850341108"><bdi>0850341108</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Letter+from+an+Irish+Emigrant+%281799%29&rft.place=Belfast&rft.edition=Originally+published+in+Philadelphia&rft.pub=Athol+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0850341108&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=Thomas+Ledlie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span> p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellen Rabb [Ballysallagh] to Mary Ann McCracken [Belfast], c. 1844 See Letter 139 (TCD MS873/155)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWilliams2021" class="citation book cs1">McWilliams, Cathryn Bronwyn (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/181458/mcwilliams_cathryn_bronwyn.pdf?sequence=1"><i>The Letters and Legacy of Mary Ann McCracken (1770-1866)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Åbo, Finland: Åbo Akademi University Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789517659949" title="Special:BookSources/9789517659949"><bdi>9789517659949</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+and+Legacy+of+Mary+Ann+McCracken+%281770-1866%29&rft.place=%C3%85bo%2C+Finland&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=%C3%85bo+Akademi+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9789517659949&rft.aulast=McWilliams&rft.aufirst=Cathryn+Bronwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doria.fi%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10024%2F181458%2Fmcwilliams_cathryn_bronwyn.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoghegan (2002), p. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patterson (2008), p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/michael-dwyer-of-imaal/">"Michael Dwyer of Imaal"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Michael+Dwyer+of+Imaal&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Fmichael-dwyer-of-imaal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Landreth (1948), pp. 146, 222-223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Geoghegan (2002), pp. 182-185</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Robert_Emmet.aspx">"The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917093618/http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Robert_Emmet.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Columbia+Encyclopedia%2C+Sixth+Edition%2C+2008&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Ftopic%2FRobert_Emmet.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillips, C. <i>Recollections of Curran</i> (1818 Milliken, Dublin) pp.256–259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.tinet.ie/~seanjmurphy/irhismys/emmet.htm">"Irish Historical Mysteries: The Grave of Robert Emmet"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.robertemmet.org/1803/tradesmen.patriots.htm">the original</a> on 13 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tradesmen+who+took+part+in+the+1803+Rising&rft.pub=Robertemmet.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.robertemmet.org%2F1803%2Ftradesmen.patriots.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMac_Donncha2009" class="citation news cs1">Mac Donncha, Micheal (1 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/20704">"Remembering the Past: Robert Emmet's executed comrades"</a>. <i>An Phoblacht</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=An+Phoblacht&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Past%3A+Robert+Emmet%27s+executed+comrades&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.aulast=Mac+Donncha&rft.aufirst=Micheal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anphoblacht.com%2Fcontents%2F20704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bardon (2009), p. 337</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/a-more-general-and-rooted-spirit-of-disaffection-the-1803-rising-in-kildare/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"A more general and rooted spirit of disaffection": the 1803 rising in Kildare"</a>. 22 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22A+more+general+and+rooted+spirit+of+disaffection%22%3A+the+1803+rising+in+Kildare&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Fa-more-general-and-rooted-spirit-of-disaffection-the-1803-rising-in-kildare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitaker-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-whitaker_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker,_Anne-Maree2009" class="citation web cs1">Whitaker, Anne-Maree (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/castle_hill_convict_rebellion_1804">"Castle Hill convict rebellion 1804"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Sydney" title="Dictionary of Sydney">Dictionary of Sydney</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+Sydney&rft.atitle=Castle+Hill+convict+rebellion+1804&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Whitaker%2C+Anne-Maree&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionaryofsydney.org%2Fentry%2Fcastle_hill_convict_rebellion_1804&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:72-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:72_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://headstuff.org/culture/history/philip-cunningham-kerry-australia/">"Philip Cunningham, The Kerryman Behind Australia's First Rebellion"</a>. <i>HeadStuff</i>. 7 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HeadStuff&rft.atitle=Philip+Cunningham%2C+The+Kerryman+Behind+Australia%27s+First+Rebellion&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheadstuff.org%2Fculture%2Fhistory%2Fphilip-cunningham-kerry-australia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver1989" class="citation book cs1">Silver, Lynette Ramsay (1989). <i>The Battle of Vinegar Hill: Australia's Irish Rebellion, 1804</i>. Sydney, New South Wales: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86824-326-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86824-326-4"><bdi>0-86824-326-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Vinegar+Hill%3A+Australia%27s+Irish+Rebellion%2C+1804&rft.place=Sydney%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-86824-326-4&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Lynette+Ramsay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan2003" class="citation web cs1">Whelan, Kevin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/18th-19th-century-history/robert-emmet-between-history-and-memory/">"Robert Emmet: between history and memory"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=Robert+Emmet%3A+between+history+and+memory&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F18th-19th-century-history%2Frobert-emmet-between-history-and-memory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelan2020" class="citation book cs1">Whelan, Fergus (2020). <i>May Tyrants Tremble: The Life of William Drennan, 1754–1820</i>. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. pp. 255–256. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781788551212" title="Special:BookSources/9781788551212"><bdi>9781788551212</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=May+Tyrants+Tremble%3A+The+Life+of+William+Drennan%2C+1754%E2%80%931820&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=255-256&rft.pub=Irish+Academic+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781788551212&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=Fergus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quinn (2002), p. 275</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2005" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, D. George (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OfL4AwAAQBAJ&dq=%22the+present+scheme+of+rebellion+has+originated+with+the+papists+exclusively,+and+that+idea,+together+with+a+conviction+that+should+Bonaparte+succeed+in+his+designs,+there+will+be+no+republic,+but+on+the+contrary,+despotism+and+pillage,+secures+their+support+in+the+present+crisis&pg=PT46"><i>Nineteenth Century Ireland (New Gill History of Ireland 5)</i></a>. Gill Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717132997" title="Special:BookSources/9780717132997"><bdi>9780717132997</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nineteenth+Century+Ireland+%28New+Gill+History+of+Ireland+5%29&rft.pub=Gill+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780717132997&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=D.+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOfL4AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522the%2Bpresent%2Bscheme%2Bof%2Brebellion%2Bhas%2Boriginated%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bpapists%2Bexclusively%2C%2Band%2Bthat%2Bidea%2C%2Btogether%2Bwith%2Ba%2Bconviction%2Bthat%2Bshould%2BBonaparte%2Bsucceed%2Bin%2Bhis%2Bdesigns%2C%2Bthere%2Bwill%2Bbe%2Bno%2Brepublic%2C%2Bbut%2Bon%2Bthe%2Bcontrary%2C%2Bdespotism%2Band%2Bpillage%2C%2Bsecures%2Btheir%2Bsupport%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bpresent%2Bcrisis%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartlett2011" class="citation book cs1">Bartlett, Thomas (2011). <i>Ireland, a History</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 244–245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781107422346" title="Special:BookSources/9781107422346"><bdi>9781107422346</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland%2C+a+History&rft.pages=244-245&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781107422346&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Connell Correspondence, Vol I, Letter No. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearse1914" class="citation web cs1">Pearse, Patrick (2 March 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://celt.ucc.ie/published/E900007-002/text001.html">"Robert Emmet and the Ireland of to-day. An Address delivered at the Emmet Commemoration in the Academy of Music, Brooklyn, New York"</a>. <i>celt.ucc.ie</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210608192929/https://celt.ucc.ie/published/E900007-002/text001.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=celt.ucc.ie&rft.atitle=Robert+Emmet+and+the+Ireland+of+to-day.+An+Address+delivered+at+the+Emmet+Commemoration+in+the+Academy+of+Music%2C+Brooklyn%2C+New+York&rft.date=1914-03-02&rft.aulast=Pearse&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcelt.ucc.ie%2Fpublished%2FE900007-002%2Ftext001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+rebellion+of+1803" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O'Donnell, Ruan (2003). <i>Robert Emmet and the Rising of 1803.</i> Dublin: Iriish Academic Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780716527879" title="Special:BookSources/9780716527879">9780716527879</a></li> <li>Geoghegan, Patrick (2002). <i>Robert Emmet, a Life</i>. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780717133871" title="Special:BookSources/9780717133871">9780717133871</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_rebellion_of_1803&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irish_Rebellion_of_1803" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Irish Rebellion of 1803">Irish Rebellion of 1803</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/10702/20110222062739/http://www.robertemmet.org/speech.htm">Full text of Emmett's Speech from the Dock</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Dublin" title="Timeline of Dublin">Timeline of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Troubles_in_Dublin" title="Timeline of the Troubles in Dublin">Timeline of the Troubles in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Corporation" title="Dublin Corporation">Dublin Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Social_Season" title="Irish Social Season">Irish Social Season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Dublin" title="Local government in Dublin">Local government in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_Dublin" title="Lord Mayor of Dublin">Lord Mayor of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_Dublin_City" title="Sheriff of Dublin City">Sheriff of Dublin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streets_and_squares_in_Dublin" title="Streets and squares in Dublin">Streets and squares in Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartography_of_Dublin" title="Cartography of Dublin">Historical maps of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Dublin" title="List of songs about Dublin">List of songs about Dublin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early Dublin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steine_of_Dublin" title="Steine of Dublin">Steine of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoggen_Green" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoggen Green">Hoggen Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_slave_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin slave market">Dublin slave market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Mathew_Bridge" title="Father Mathew Bridge">Bridge of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin" title="Early Scandinavian Dublin">Early Scandinavian Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin_to_795" title="History of Dublin to 795">History of Dublin to 795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin" title="Kingdom of Dublin">Kingdom of Dublin</a> (c. 853-1170)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Islandbridge" title="Battle of Islandbridge">Battle of Islandbridge</a> (919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Battle of Clontarf</a> (1014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle Ages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Monday" title="Black Monday">Black Monday</a> (1209)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pale" title="The Pale">The Pale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle" title="Dublin Castle">Dublin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donnybrook_Fair" title="Donnybrook Fair">Donnybrook Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gates_of_Dublin" title="List of gates of Dublin">Gates of Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin">St Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathbornes_Candles" title="Rathbornes Candles">Rathborne Candles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Audoen%27s_Church,_Dublin_(Church_of_Ireland)" title="St. Audoen's Church, Dublin (Church of Ireland)">St. Audoen's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Abbey,_Dublin" title="St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin">St. Mary's Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michan%27s_Church,_Dublin" title="St. Michan's Church, Dublin">St. Michan's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tholsel,_Dublin" title="The Tholsel, Dublin">The Tholsel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> (est. 1592)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_gunpowder_explosion" title="Dublin gunpowder explosion">Dublin gunpowder explosion</a> (1597)</li> <li>Massacre of <a href="/wiki/Baldongan_Church" title="Baldongan Church">Baldongan Church</a> (1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rathmines" title="Battle of Rathmines">Battle of Rathmines</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dublin_(1649)" title="Siege of Dublin (1649)">Siege of Dublin</a> (1649)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Dublin" title="Smithfield, Dublin">Smithfield Market</a> (mid-1600s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brazen_Head" title="The Brazen Head">The Brazen Head</a> (est. 1661)</li> <li>Disappearance of the <i><a href="/wiki/Ouzel_Galley" title="Ouzel Galley">Ouzel Galley</a></i> (1695)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick%27s_Coffee_House" title="Dick's Coffee House">Dick's Coffee House</a> (1698-1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dublin" title="Georgian Dublin">Georgian Architecture in Dublin</a> (1700s)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_South_Wall" title="Great South Wall">Great South Wall</a> (1700s) and <a href="/wiki/Bull_Wall" title="Bull Wall">Bull Wall</a> (1820s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_election_riot" title="Dublin election riot">Dublin election riot</a> (1713)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drapier%27s_Letters" title="Drapier's Letters">Drapier's Letters</a> (1724-5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linenhall,_Dublin" title="Linenhall, Dublin">Linenhall</a> (1728-1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpelier_Hill" title="Montpelier Hill">Hell Fire Club</a> (1735-1741)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messiah_(Handel)#Dublin,_1742" title="Messiah (Handel)">Premiere of Handel's Messiah</a> (1742)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly%27s_Club" title="Daly's Club">Daly's Club</a> (1750-1823)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Streets_Commission" title="Wide Streets Commission">Wide Streets Commission</a> (1758-1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Brewery" title="Guinness Brewery">Guinness Brewery</a> (est. 1759)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Dublin" title="City Hall, Dublin">Royal Exchange</a> (1779)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare_Street_Club" title="Kildare Street Club">Kildare Street Club</a> (est. 1782)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Crosbie" title="Richard Crosbie">Richard Crosbie's</a> balloon ascent (1785)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a> (Early 1800s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_quays" title="Dublin quays">Dublin quays</a> (1800s)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Rebellion of 1803</a> (1803)</li> <li>Construction of <a href="/wiki/Martello_towers_in_the_Greater_Dublin_Area" title="Martello towers in the Greater Dublin Area">Martello Towers</a> (1803-08)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_Rochdale_and_Prince_of_Wales" title="Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales">Sinking of Rochdale and Prince of Wales</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R115_road_(Ireland)" title="R115 road (Ireland)">Military Road</a> (1809)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Kingstown_Railway" title="Dublin and Kingstown Railway">Dublin and Kingstown Railway</a> (1834-56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Metropolitan_Police" title="Dublin Metropolitan Police">Dublin Metropolitan Police</a> (1836-1925)</li> <li>Sinking of the PS <i><a href="/wiki/PS_Queen_Victoria_(1838)" title="PS Queen Victoria (1838)">Queen Victoria</a></i> (1838)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAn_Laoghaire_Harbour" title="Dún Laoghaire Harbour">Dún Laoghaire Harbour</a> (1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rowan_Hamilton" title="William Rowan Hamilton">Hamilton's</a> eureka moment at <a href="/wiki/Broom_Bridge" title="Broom Bridge">Broom Bridge</a> (1843)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Industrial_Exhibition_(1853)" title="Great Industrial Exhibition (1853)">Great Industrial Exhibition</a> (1853)</li> <li>Sinking of the RMS <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Tayleur" title="RMS Tayleur">Tayleur</a></i> (1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monto" title="Monto">Monto (red light district)</a> (1860s-1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_Dublin" title="Wellington Monument, Dublin">Wellington Monument</a> (1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Fire_Brigade" title="Dublin Fire Brigade">Dublin Fire Brigade</a> (est. 1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Exhibition_of_Arts_and_Manufactures" title="International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures">International Exhibition of Arts and Manufactures</a> (1865)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_tramways" title="Dublin tramways">Dublin tramways</a> (1872-1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_whiskey_fire" title="Dublin whiskey fire">Dublin whiskey fire</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Murders" title="Phoenix Park Murders">Phoenix Park Murders</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Castle_scandal" title="Dublin Castle scandal">Dublin Castle scandal</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstown_lifeboat_disaster" title="Kingstown lifeboat disaster">Kingstown lifeboat disaster</a> (1895)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_International_Exhibition" title="Irish International Exhibition">Irish International Exhibition</a> (1907)</li> <li>Theft of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Crown_Jewels#Theft" title="Irish Crown Jewels">Irish Crown Jewels</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Lock-out" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Lock-out">Dublin Lock-out</a> (1913-14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Walk_massacre" title="Bachelor's Walk massacre">Bachelor's Walk massacre</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howth_gun-running" title="Howth gun-running">Howth gun-running</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li> <li>Introduction of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_postal_districts" title="List of Dublin postal districts">Dublin Postal Districts</a> (1917)</li> <li>Sinking of the <i><a href="/wiki/RMS_Leinster" title="RMS Leinster">RMS Leinster</a></i> (1918)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/First_D%C3%A1il" title="First Dáil">First Dáil</a> (1919-21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1920)" title="Bloody Sunday (1920)">Bloody Sunday</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_Custom_House" title="Burning of the Custom House">Burning of the Custom House</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dublin" title="Battle of Dublin">Battle of Dublin</a> (1922)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Tailteann_Games_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Tailteann Games (Irish Free State)">Tailteann Games</a> (1924, 1928, 1932)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Higgins#Assassination" title="Kevin O'Higgins">Kevin O'Higgins</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day#Modern_era" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day parade</a> (est. 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Eucharistic_Congress" title="1932 Eucharistic Congress">1932 Eucharistic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_Dublin_riot" title="1933 Dublin riot">1933 Dublin riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearse_Street_fire" title="Pearse Street fire">Pearse Street fire</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Dublin_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Dublin in World War II">Bombing of Dublin in World War II</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baggotonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggotonia">Baggotonia</a> (1950s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomsday" title="Bloomsday">Bloomsday</a> commemorations (est. 1954)</li> <li>Destruction of <a href="/wiki/Nelson%27s_Pillar#Destruction" title="Nelson's Pillar">Nelson's Pillar</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Studio_bombing" title="RTÉ Studio bombing">RTÉ Studio bombing</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Dublin_fires" title="1970 Dublin fires">Dublin fires</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contraceptive_Train" title="Contraceptive Train">Contraceptive Train</a> (1971)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolbeg_Generating_Station#Poolbeg_Chimneys" title="Poolbeg Generating Station">Poolbeg Chimneys</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burning_of_the_British_Embassy_in_Dublin" title="Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin">Burning of the British Embassy in Dublin</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_and_1973_Dublin_bombings" title="1972 and 1973 Dublin bombings">Dublin bombings</a> (1972-73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountjoy_Prison_helicopter_escape" title="Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape">Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_and_Monaghan_Bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin and Monaghan Bombings">Dublin and Monaghan Bombings</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Airport_bombing" title="Dublin Airport bombing">Dublin Airport bombing</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_Quay" title="Wood Quay">"Save Wood Quay"</a> (1978-79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_fire" title="Stardust fire">Stardust fire</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GUBU" title="GUBU">"GUBU" (Malcolm MacArthur)</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Dublin Area Rapid Transit">Dublin Area Rapid Transit</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Charley_(1986)" title="Hurricane Charley (1986)">Hurricane Charley</a> flooding (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Millennium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Millennium">Dublin Millennium</a> celebrations (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_(Dublin)_Act_1993" title="Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993">Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_Road_football_riot" title="Lansdowne Road football riot">Lansdowne Road football riot</a> (1995)</li> <li>Assassination of <a href="/wiki/Veronica_Guerin#Assassination_and_funeral" title="Veronica Guerin">Veronica Guerin</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crumlin-Drimnagh_feud" title="Crumlin-Drimnagh feud">Crumlin-Drimnagh feud</a> (2000-2016)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Special_Olympics_World_Summer_Games" title="2003 Special Olympics World Summer Games">Special Olympics</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire_of_Dublin" title="Spire of Dublin">Spire of Dublin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luas" title="Luas">Luas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Dublin_May_Day_protests" title="2004 Dublin May Day protests">May Day protests</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Dublin_riots" title="2006 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Port_Tunnel" title="Dublin Port Tunnel">Dublin Port Tunnel</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-austerity_movement_in_Ireland" title="Anti-austerity movement in Ireland">Anti-austerity</a> demonstrations (2008-15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Ireland_floods" title="2008 Ireland floods">2008 floods</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublinbikes" title="Dublinbikes">Dublinbikes</a> (est. 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Bank_of_Ireland_robbery" title="2009 Bank of Ireland robbery">Bank of Ireland robbery</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">M50 motorway</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Police_training_explosives_incident" title="Slovak Police training explosives incident">Slovak Police training explosives incident</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/City_of_Literature" title="City of Literature">City of Literature</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Docks" title="Silicon Docks">Silicon Docks</a> (est. 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Dame_Street" title="Occupy Dame Street">Occupy Dame Street</a> (2011-12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutch%E2%80%93Kinahan_feud" title="Hutch–Kinahan feud">Hutch–Kinahan feud</a> (2015-to date)</li> <li>Occupation of <a href="/wiki/Apollo_House_(Dublin)" title="Apollo House (Dublin)">Apollo House</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Tech_Summit" title="Dublin Tech Summit">Dublin Tech Summit</a> (est. 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_British_Isles_cold_wave" title="2018 British Isles cold wave">The Beast from the East</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolock_feud" title="Coolock feud">Coolock feud</a> (2019-20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Ireland">COVID-19 pandemic</a> (2020-2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Dublin_riots" title="2021 Dublin riots">Dublin riots</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_anti-immigration_protests_(2022%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish anti-immigration protests (2022–present)">Irish anti-immigration protests</a> (2022-to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Dublin_riot" title="2023 Dublin riot">Dublin mass stabbing & riot</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Annual sporting events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Horse_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Dublin Horse Show">Dublin Horse Show</a> (est. 1864)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship" title="All-Ireland Senior Football Championship">All-Ireland Football Final</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopardstown_Racecourse" title="Leopardstown Racecourse">Leopardstown Racecourse</a> (est. 1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park_Racecourse" title="Phoenix Park Racecourse">Phoenix Park Racecourse</a> (1902-1990)</li> <li>Hosting of the <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland_Hurling_Final" title="All-Ireland Hurling Final">All-Ireland Hurling Final</a> (est. 1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Liffey_Swim" title="The Liffey Swim">Liffey Swim</a> (est. 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin%E2%80%93Limerick_hurling_rivalry" title="Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry">Dublin–Limerick hurling rivalry</a> (1923 - to date)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race" title="Liffey Descent Canoe Race">Liffey Descent canoe race</a> (est. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Marathon" title="Dublin Marathon">Dublin Marathon</a> (est. 1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Mini_Marathon,_Dublin" title="Women's Mini Marathon, Dublin">Women's Mini Marathon</a> (est. 1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ireland_Run" title="Great Ireland Run">Great Ireland Run</a> (est. 2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ireland_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ireland_topics" title="Template talk:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ireland topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ireland_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ireland-related_topics" title="List of Ireland-related topics">topics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Outline of the Republic of Ireland">topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Northern_Ireland%E2%80%93related_topics" title="List of Northern Ireland–related topics">topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland" title="History of Ireland">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Irish_history" title="Timeline of Irish history">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Ireland" title="Prehistoric Ireland">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protohistory_of_Ireland" title="Protohistory of Ireland">Protohistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(400%E2%80%93800)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (400–800)">Early history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Lordship of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(800%E2%80%931169)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ireland (800–1169)">800–1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1169%E2%80%931536)" title="History of Ireland (1169–1536)">1169–1536</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Ireland" title="Kingdom of Ireland">Kingdom of Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1536%E2%80%931691)" title="History of Ireland (1536–1691)">1536–1691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1691%E2%80%931800)" title="History of Ireland (1691–1800)">1691–1800</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ireland_(1801%E2%80%931923)" title="History of Ireland (1801–1923)">1801–1923</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Republic" title="Irish Republic">Irish Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ireland_(1921%E2%80%931922)" title="Southern Ireland (1921–1922)">Southern Ireland (1921–1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (1921–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northern_Ireland" title="History of Northern Ireland">since 1922</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State (1922–1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="History of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland (since 1922)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Battles of Tara</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Glenmama" title="Battle of Glenmama">Glenmama</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_campaign_in_Ireland" title="Bruce campaign in Ireland">Bruce campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tudor_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Tudor conquest of Ireland">Tudor conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Rebellions" title="Desmond Rebellions">Desmond Rebellions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada_in_Ireland" title="Spanish Armada in Ireland">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War_(Ireland)" title="Nine Years' War (Ireland)">Tyrone's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_of_the_Earls" title="Flight of the Earls">Flight of the Earls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster" title="Plantation of Ulster">Plantation of Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1641" title="Irish Rebellion of 1641">1641 Rebellion</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irish_Confederate_Wars" title="Irish Confederate Wars">Confederate War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Cromwellian conquest</a> / <a href="/wiki/Act_for_the_Settlement_of_Ireland_1652" title="Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652">Settlement of 1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamite_War_in_Ireland" title="Williamite War in Ireland">Williamite War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_laws_(Ireland)" title="Penal laws (Ireland)">Penal Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Famine_(1740%E2%80%931741)" title="Irish Famine (1740–1741)">First Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Rebellion_of_1798" title="Irish Rebellion of 1798">1798 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Act of Union (1800)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1803 Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithe_War" title="Tithe War">Tithe War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)" title="Great Famine (Ireland)">Second Great Famine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_War" title="Land War">Land War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenian_Rising" title="Fenian Rising">Fenian Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dublin_lock-out" title="Dublin lock-out">Dublin lock-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914" title="Government of Ireland Act 1914">Home Rule crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(Ireland)" title="The Emergency (Ireland)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Northern campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Northern Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_campaign_(Irish_Republican_Army)" title="Border campaign (Irish Republican Army)">IRA Border Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Tiger" title="Celtic Tiger">Celtic Tiger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_economic_downturn" title="Post-2008 Irish economic downturn">Post-2008 Irish economic downturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-2008_Irish_banking_crisis" title="Post-2008 Irish banking crisis">Post-2008 Irish banking crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Ireland" title="List of conflicts in Ireland">List of conflicts in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes#Goidels_/_Gaels_/_Hibernians" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">List of Irish tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_kingdoms" title="List of Irish kingdoms">List of Irish kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Kings_of_Ireland" title="List of High Kings of Ireland">List of High Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland#Dress" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic clothing and fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland">List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ireland" title="Geography of Ireland">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ireland" title="Climate of Ireland">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Climate change in the Republic of Ireland">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_landforms_of_Ireland" title="Coastal landforms of Ireland">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Ireland" title="Extreme points of Ireland">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Ireland" title="Fauna of Ireland">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Ireland" title="List of islands of Ireland">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_loughs_of_Ireland" title="List of loughs of Ireland">Loughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_in_Ireland" title="Lists of mountains in Ireland">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland">List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_the_United_Kingdom#National_parks_in_Northern_Ireland" title="National parks of the United Kingdom">in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Human</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Ireland" title="Architecture of Ireland">Architecture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_in_Ireland" title="List of buildings in Ireland">Notable buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_structures_in_Ireland" title="List of tallest structures in Ireland">Tallest buildings and structures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Ireland" title="City status in Ireland">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Demographics of the Republic of Ireland">Demographics of the Republic of Ireland</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Demographics of Northern Ireland">of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Ireland" title="List of ports in Ireland">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_border" title="Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border">ROI–UK border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_towns_in_Ireland" title="Lists of towns in Ireland">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Tourism in the Republic of Ireland">Tourism in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Ireland" title="List of tourist attractions in Ireland">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Ireland" title="Transport in Ireland">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Ideologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_loyalism" title="Ulster loyalism">Ulster loyalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Ireland" title="Constitution of Ireland">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Economy of the Republic of Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Ireland" title="Foreign relations of Ireland">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland" title="Government of Ireland">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Law of the Republic of Ireland">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas"><i>Oireachtas</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">parliament</span></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1il_%C3%89ireann" title="Dáil Éireann"><i>Dáil Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(lower house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann" title="Seanad Éireann"><i>Seanad Éireann</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(upper house)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Ireland" title="President of Ireland">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Taxation in the Republic of Ireland">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Politics of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Assembly" title="Northern Ireland Assembly">Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%27Hondt_method" title="D'Hondt method">D'Hondt method</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Economy of Northern Ireland">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Education in Northern Ireland">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Executive" title="Northern Ireland Executive">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Local government in Northern Ireland">local</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Northern_Ireland" title="LGBT rights in Northern Ireland">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_cuisine" title="Irish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_dishes" title="List of Irish dishes">List of dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barmbrack" title="Barmbrack">Barmbrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon_and_cabbage" title="Bacon and cabbage">Bacon and cabbage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxty" title="Boxty">Boxty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_(food)" title="Champ (food)">Champ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coddle" title="Coddle">Coddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colcannon" title="Colcannon">Colcannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drisheen" title="Drisheen">Drisheen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Ireland" title="Full breakfast">Irish fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skirts_and_kidneys" title="Skirts and kidneys">Skirts and kidneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_bread" title="Soda bread">Soda bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_bag" title="Spice bag">Spice Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stew" title="Irish stew">Stew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3-in-1_(fast_food_dish)" title="3-in-1 (fast food dish)">Three-in-One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_coffee" title="Irish coffee">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_cream" title="Irish cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mist" title="Irish Mist">Mist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poit%C3%ADn" title="Poitín">Poitín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_breakfast_tea" title="Irish breakfast tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_whiskey" title="Irish whiskey">Whiskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_dance" title="Irish dance">Dance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_dance" title="Sean-nós dance">Sean-nós</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Set dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_stepdance" title="Irish stepdance">Stepdance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.25em">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick%27s_Day" title="Saint Patrick's Day">Saint Patrick's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Bealtaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Twelfth" title="The Twelfth">The Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" 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