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id="toc-Military_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Naval_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naval_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Naval career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Naval_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiji_coup_of_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiji_coup_of_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fiji coup of 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiji_coup_of_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2000_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2000_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Post-2000 coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2000_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fijian_coup_d'état,_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fijian_coup_d'état,_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fijian coup d'état, 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fijian_coup_d'état,_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Explaining_the_coup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explaining_the_coup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Explaining the coup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explaining_the_coup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_constitutional_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_constitutional_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2009 constitutional crisis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_constitutional_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Essential_National_Industries_Decree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Essential_National_Industries_Decree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Essential National Industries Decree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Essential_National_Industries_Decree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_victories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_victories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Electoral victories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_victories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspension_from_Parliament_and_conviction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspension_from_Parliament_and_conviction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Suspension from Parliament and conviction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspension_from_Parliament_and_conviction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Cabinet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Bainimarama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فرانك باينيماراما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرانك باينيماراما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_Bainimarama" title="Frenk Bainimarama – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frenk Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josaia_Voreqe_Bainimarama" title="Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josaia_Voreqe_Bainimarama" title="Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BA_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Φρανκ Μπαϊνιμαράμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρανκ Μπαϊνιμαράμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فرانک باینیماراما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک باینیماراما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%AD%ED%81%AC_%EC%9D%8C%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%88%EB%A7%88%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88" title="프랭크 음베이니마라마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랭크 음베이니마라마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रैंक बैनीमरामा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रैंक बैनीमरामा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ფრენკ ბაინიმარამა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრენკ ბაინიმარამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voreqe_Bainimarama" title="Voreqe Bainimarama – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Voreqe Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="فرانك باينيماراما – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانك باينيماراما" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%83%8B%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E" title="フランク・バイニマラマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク・バイニマラマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Мбаинимарама, Фрэнк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мбаинимарама, Фрэнк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Франк Баїнімарама – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франк Баїнімарама" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Frank Bainimarama" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Fijian_name" title="Fijian name">Fijian name</a>, Josaia is the given name, Voreqe is the middle name and Bainimarama is the surname. However, many Fijians use their middle name as either their given name or their surname.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">the Honourable</a><sup id="cite_ref-Office_of_PM_Directory_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Office_of_PM_Directory-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Frank Bainimarama</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Fiji" title="Order of Fiji">CF (MIL)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(chartered_1888)" title="Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)">OStJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fijian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian honours system">MSD</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/220px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/330px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/440px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Bainimarama in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime Minister of Fiji</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 January 2007 – 24 December 2022<sup id="ref_a" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_a">[a]</a></sup></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Epeli Nailatikau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jioji_Konrote" title="Jioji Konrote">Jioji Konrote</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wiliame_Katonivere" title="Wiliame Katonivere">Wiliame Katonivere</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jona_Senilagakali" title="Jona Senilagakali">Jona Senilagakali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />24 December 2022 – 8 March 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 April 2020 – 24 December 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Leader of <a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />31 March 2014 – 7 June 2024</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Fiji" title="President of Fiji">President of Fiji</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Acting_president" title="Acting president">Acting</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />5 December 2006 – 4 January 2007</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jona_Senilagakali" title="Jona Senilagakali">Jona Senilagakali</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 May 2000 – 13 July 2000</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laisenia_Qarase" title="Laisenia Qarase">Laisenia Qarase</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Josaia Voreqe Bainimarama</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1954-04-27</span>) </span>27 April 1954<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 70)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tailevu_Province" title="Tailevu Province">Kiuva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Fiji" title="Colony of Fiji">Colony of Fiji</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a> (2014–2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Maria Makitalena</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meli_Bainimarama" title="Meli Bainimarama">Meli Bainimarama</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Dominion of Fiji</a> (until 1987) <br /> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a> (since 1987)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Fiji_Navy" title="Republic of Fiji Navy">Republic of Fiji Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1975–2014</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg/25px-British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg/38px-British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg/50px-British_Royal_Navy_OF-7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">Rear admiral</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Criminal information</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Incarcerated</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">One count of attempting to pervert the course of justice</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">1 year in prison</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Imprisoned at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Fiji" title="Law enforcement in Fiji">Korovou Corrections Centre</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span id="cnote_a"><b><a href="#ref_a">^</a></b></span> <b>a:</b> Acting: 5 January 2007 – 22 September 2014<br /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks sidebar-person vcard hlist" style="border-color: gold"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><table><tbody><tr> <td class="sidebar-person-title-image" style="background-color:#34AAE0;color:inherit;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/75px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/113px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg/150px-Frank_Bainimarama_November_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1107" /></span></span></td> <td class="sidebar-person-title" style="background-color:#34AAE0;color: #FFF;"><div><span class="tmp-color" style="color: #FFF">This article is part of <br />a series about</span></div><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #FFF; text-decoration: inherit;">Frank Bainimarama</span></a></span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime Minister</a></div> 2006–2022 <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">Leader of the Opposition</a></div> 2022–2023 <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Bainimarama_Cabinet_2014" title="Template:Frank Bainimarama Cabinet 2014">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_National_Industries_(Employment)_Decree_2011" title="Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011">Essential National Industries Decree 2011</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">Timeline</div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Naval_career">Naval career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">2000 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">2006 coup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Charter_for_Change,_Peace_and_Progress" title="People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress">Charter for Change, Peace and Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qoliqoli_Bill" title="Qoliqoli Bill">Qoliqoli Bill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Fijian_constitutional_crisis" title="2009 Fijian constitutional crisis">2009 constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Constitution_of_Fiji" title="2013 Constitution of Fiji">2013 Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Winston" title="Cyclone Winston">Cyclone Winston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2017 United Nations Climate Change Conference">COP23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone_Yasa" title="Cyclone Yasa">Cyclone Yasa</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div style="font-weight: bold;line-height:normal;">General elections</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election" title="2014 Fijian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Fijian_general_election" title="2018 Fijian general election">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Fijian_general_election" title="2022 Fijian general election">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg/80px-Coat_of_arms_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frank_Bainimarama_series" title="Template:Frank Bainimarama series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frank_Bainimarama_series" title="Template talk:Frank Bainimarama series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frank_Bainimarama_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frank Bainimarama series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Josaia Voreqe</b> "<b>Frank</b>" <b>Bainimarama</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Fiji" title="Order of Fiji">CF (MIL)</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_John_(chartered_1888)" title="Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)">OStJ</a> <a href="/wiki/Fijian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian honours system">MSD</a></span> (<small>Fijian:</small> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">[tʃoˈsɛia βoˈreŋɡe mbɛiniˈmarama]</a>; born 27 April 1954) is a Fijian former politician and naval officer who served as the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">prime minister of Fiji</a> from 2007 until 2022. A member of the <a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a> party, which he founded in 2014, he began his career as an <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">officer</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Fiji_Navy" title="Republic of Fiji Navy">Fijian navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Fiji_Military_Forces" title="Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces">commander</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Fiji_Military_Forces" title="Republic of Fiji Military Forces">Fijian military</a>. Despite being <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Suspension_from_Parliament_and_conviction">suspended from Parliament</a>, he served as the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">opposition leader</a> from 24 December 2022<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 8 March 2023, when he resigned and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama attended <a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers_High_School,_Fiji" title="Marist Brothers High School, Fiji">Marist Brothers High School</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Technology" title="Asian Institute of Technology">Asian Institute of Technology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Fijian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian Navy">Fijian Navy</a> in 1975 and rose through the ranks, becoming an <a href="/wiki/Able_Seaman_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Able Seaman (rank)">able seaman</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> in 1976, an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> in 1977, and later promoted to a <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a> at the end of that year. He was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">lieutenant-commander</a> in 1986 and became a <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">commander</a> in 1988. He later became <a href="/wiki/Captain" title="Captain">captain</a> in 1991. In 1997, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_staff" title="Chief of staff">Chief of Staff</a> of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces. </p><p>In 1998, he was promoted to a <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">commodore</a> and later became the commander of the Armed Forces in 1999. In 2000, during a <a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">coup attempt</a>, he convinced the President of Fiji <a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a> to resign and formed an interim military government, which negotiated with the coup leaders. The military government was replaced by a civilian one by the end of the year. He relinquished command of the military in 2014, and in recognition of his military service, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">rear admiral</a>. </p><p>Bainimarama instigated the <a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">2006 coup</a>, removing Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Laisenia_Qarase" title="Laisenia Qarase">Laisenia Qarase</a> from power. He later restored <a href="/wiki/Ratu" title="Ratu">Ratu</a> <a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Fiji" title="President of Fiji">president</a> and himself as prime minister in 2007. Bainimarama promised the return of elections and democracy in 2014 and formed a party named <a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election" title="2014 Fijian general election">2014 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won a majority, and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime minister of Fiji by President <a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Epeli Nailatikau</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Fijian_general_election" title="2018 Fijian general election">2018 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won an outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for a second term on 20 November 2018. In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Fijian_general_election" title="2022 Fijian general election">2022 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won a plurality but was unable to form a government, meaning Bainimarama ceased to be prime minister after 16 years of rule, making him the second-longest serving Prime Minister of Fiji after <a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a>. He was succeeded by the leader of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">1987 Fijian coups d'état</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a>. </p><p>Bainimarama resigned from Parliament and as the leader of the opposition in March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-FVResign_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FVResign-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day, he was charged with abuse of office over allegations he and police commissioner Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with an investigation into financial mismanagement at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 March 2024, the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Fiji" title="High Court of Fiji">High Court of Fiji</a> convicted him of attempting to pervert the course of justice.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ2024a_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ2024a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 2024, he was sentenced to one year in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-FVJailed_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FVJailed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_career">Military career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Military career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bainimarama's naval career spans three decades. He has received a number of honours for his service. He has been made an Officer Brother in the <a href="/wiki/Venerable_Order_of_Saint_John" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable Order of Saint John">Order of St John of Jerusalem</a>, and has received the <a href="/wiki/Fijian_honours_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian honours system">Meritorious Service Decoration</a>, the Peacekeeping Medal for United Nations peacekeepers, the <a href="/wiki/General_Service_Medal_(1962)" title="General Service Medal (1962)">General Service Medal</a>, the Fiji Republic Medal, and the 25 Anniversary Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-PIFBio_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIFBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Naval_career">Naval career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Naval career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following his education at <a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers_High_School,_Fiji" title="Marist Brothers High School, Fiji">Marist Brothers High School</a>, Bainimarama enlisted with the Fijian Navy on 26 July 1975 and rose smoothly through the ranks, becoming an <a href="/wiki/Able_Seaman_(rank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Able Seaman (rank)">able seaman</a> in August 1976, a <a href="/wiki/Midshipman" title="Midshipman">midshipman</a> in December the same year, and an <a href="/wiki/Ensign_(rank)" title="Ensign (rank)">ensign</a> on 1 November 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-PIFBio_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIFBio-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After completing the Midshipmen's Supplementary Course in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, he was appointed navigation officer of <a href="/wiki/HMFS_Kiro" class="mw-redirect" title="HMFS Kiro">HMFS <i>Kiro</i></a> in August 1978. At the end of that year, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Sub-lieutenant" title="Sub-lieutenant">sub-lieutenant</a>. In January 1979, Bainimarama embarked on the <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chilean</a> naval training ship, the <a href="/wiki/Buque_Escuela_Esmeralda" class="mw-redirect" title="Buque Escuela Esmeralda">Buque Escuela <i>Esmeralda</i></a>, which spent six months circumnavigating <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. On his return to Fiji in August, Bainimarama was appointed executive officer of HMFS <i>Kiro</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FS2014a_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a brief navigation course in <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Waterhen_(naval_base)" title="HMAS Waterhen (naval base)">HMAS <i>Watson</i></a> in March 1982, Bainimarama underwent search and rescue training at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">United States Coast Guard</a> Centre in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FS2014a_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his return to Fiji, he was appointed commander of HMFS <i>Kikau</i>, his first command post. He went on to command HMFS <i>Kula</i>, and spent four months in 1984 in the markings of the Exclusive Economic Zones of <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a>. After being promoted to <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander" title="Lieutenant commander">lieutenant commander</a> in February 1986, he departed for <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a> where he served for eighteen months with the <a href="/wiki/Multinational_Force_and_Observers" title="Multinational Force and Observers">Multinational Force and Observers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FS2014a_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama returned to Fiji in September 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-FS2014a_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took charge of the delivery of two naval ships, the <i>Levuka</i> and <i>Lautoka</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. He became <a href="/wiki/Commanding_officer" title="Commanding officer">commanding officer</a> of the Fijian Navy in April 1988, and was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Commander" title="Commander">commander</a> on 4 October that year. He held this post for the next nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-FS2014a_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama underwent further training at the <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysian</a> Armed Forces Staff College in 1991 and at the Australian Defence Force Warfare Centre at <a href="/wiki/RAAF_Williamtown" class="mw-redirect" title="RAAF Williamtown">RAAF Williamtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newcastle,_New_South_Wales" title="Newcastle, New South Wales">Newcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, where he studied Maritime Surveillance Training. This was followed by Disaster Management training at the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Institute_of_Technology" title="Asian Institute of Technology">Asian Institute of Technology</a> in 1993, and Exclusive Economic Zone Management training at <a href="/wiki/Dalhousie_University" title="Dalhousie University">Dalhousie University</a>, Canada, in 1994. He was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)">captain</a> in October of that year, and went on to attend the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_College" title="Australian Defence College">Australian Joint Services Staff College</a> (JSSC).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the Integrated Logistics Support Overview course of the Australian Defence Co-operation Program on 23 September 1996, and the Chief of Army Conferences in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> in 1998 and 1999, as well as the Chief of Defence Conference in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. </p><p>Bainimarama was appointed as the acting chief of staff on 10 November 1997, and was confirmed in this post on 18 April 1998. On 1 March 1999, he was promoted to the rank of <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">commodore</a> and was named commander of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Fiji_Military_Forces" title="Republic of Fiji Military Forces">Armed Forces</a>, to replace <a href="/wiki/Brigadier-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier-General">Brigadier-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Epeli_Ganilau" title="Epeli Ganilau">Ratu Epeli Ganilau</a>, who resigned to pursue a political career. It was in his capacity as commander of the Armed Forces that Bainimarama assumed command on 29 May 2000. He relinquished command on 5 March 2014, to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier-General">Brigadier-General</a> Mosese Tikoitoga.<sup id="cite_ref-Aus5-3-14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aus5-3-14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bainimarama was promoted to the rank of rear admiral on his retirement in recognition of his military service.<sup id="cite_ref-FT2014a_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT2014a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiji_coup_of_2000">Fiji coup of 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fiji coup of 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">2000 Fijian coup d'état</a></div> <p>A group led by <a href="/wiki/George_Speight" title="George Speight">George Speight</a>, a businessman who had been declared bankrupt following the cancellation of several contracts by the government, entered <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Fiji" title="Parliament of Fiji">Parliament</a> buildings on 19 May 2000 and disaffected elements of the Fijian population rallied to his side. For 56 days Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Chaudhry" title="Mahendra Chaudhry">Mahendra Chaudhry</a> and most of his cabinet, along with many parliamentarians and their staff, were held as hostages while Speight attempted to negotiate with the president, <a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara</a>, who denounced the coup and declared a state of emergency.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Believing that President Kamisese Mara was not dealing effectively with the situation, Bainimarama forced Mara to resign on 29 May 2000, in what some politicians have since called "a coup within a coup", and formed an interim military government, which negotiated an accord under which the rebels would release all hostages, including the deposed Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry, and would surrender without penalty. The government later reneged on the last part of the agreement and arrested Speight on 27 July 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Bainimarama saying that he had signed that part of the accord "under duress".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-2000_coup">Post-2000 coup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-2000 coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bainimarama attended a Leadership and Change Management course with the Public Service Training and Development program in February 2002, and a Policy Planning Analysis and Management course at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a> the following month. He went on to attend the Defence and Strategic Studies Annual Conference at the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_College" title="Australian Defence College">Australian Defence College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a> on 2 August, and the Program for Senior Executives in National and International Security at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from 18 to 30 August. In November that year, he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Rear_admiral" title="Rear admiral">rear admiral</a>, but this promotion was reverted to <a href="/wiki/Commodore_(rank)" title="Commodore (rank)">commodore</a> on 1 February 2003. In 2014, he was made rear admiral again.<sup id="cite_ref-FT2014a_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT2014a-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 September 2003, Bainimarama attended the Pacific Armies Management Seminar XXVII in <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, and went on to attend the PKO Capacity Building Seminar in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Despite his deteriorating relationship with the government, Bainimarama was reappointed commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces on 5 February 2004. That month, he attended the Pacific Area Special Operations Conference. This was followed by the Seminar Executive Course at the Asia Pacific Centre for Strategic Studies in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> in April. In May and June, he attended the <a href="/wiki/South_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South East Asia">South East Asia</a> Security Symposium. In September, he attended both the PAMS XXVII in the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> capital of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, and the 7th Chief of Defence Conference in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On 14 December 2005, Bainimarama began an official visit to China, at the invitation of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fijian_coup_d'état,_2006"><span id="Fijian_coup_d.27.C3.A9tat.2C_2006"></span>Fijian coup d'état, 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Fijian coup d'état, 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">2006 Fijian coup d'état</a></div> <p>On 31 October 2006, while Bainimarama was in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> visiting Fijian forces on peacekeeping duties in the Middle East, President Iloilo moved to terminate the appointment of Bainimarama, appointing instead <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Colonel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Colonel">Lieutenant Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Meli_Saubulinayau" title="Meli Saubulinayau">Meli Saubulinayau</a> who declined to take the position. Senior Fijian military officers backed Bainimarama, who quickly called on the Government to resign. The governments of Australia, New Zealand, the U.S. and others called for calm, and asked for assurances that the Fijian military not rise against the government.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late November 2006, Bainimarama handed down a list of demands to Qarase, one of which was the withdrawal of three controversial bills, including the <a href="/wiki/Qoliqoli_Bill" title="Qoliqoli Bill">Qoliqoli Bill</a> (which would have transferred ownership of maritime resources to the <a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian people</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Reconciliation,_Tolerance,_and_Unity_Bill" title="Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill">Reconciliation, Tolerance, and Unity Bill</a>, which would have offered conditional pardons to persons convicted of involvement in the 2000 coup. Despite further talks in Suva and in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, Bainimarama gave the Prime Minister Qarase an ultimatum of 4 December to accede to his demands or to resign. In a televised address, Qarase agreed to put the three race-based bills on hold, review the appointment of Andrew Hughes as police commissioner (Bainimarama had demanded his dismissal), and give the police the option of discontinuing investigations into the commander's alleged acts of sedition. He refused further concessions, saying that he had conceded all that was possible within the law.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Military manoeuvres followed, including the seizure of government vehicles and the house arrest of Prime Minister Qarase. On 5 December President <a href="/wiki/Ratu" title="Ratu">Ratu</a> <a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a> was said to have signed a legal order dissolving Parliament after meeting with Bainimarama. The president later issued a statement categorically denying signing any such decree, and the exiled <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Fiji" title="Law enforcement in Fiji">Commissioner of Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Hughes_(police)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Hughes (police)">Andrew Hughes</a>, implicated Iloilo's secretary in the fabrication of the decree at the direction of Commander Bainimarama.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 9 December, there were reported arrests of members of the media and open dissenters,<sup id="cite_ref-fijitimes2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fijitimes2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as incidents of intimidation and violence committed against political figures.<sup id="cite_ref-fijitimes2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fijitimes2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama told a press conference on 15 December that he would agree to attend a forthcoming meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Council_of_Chiefs" title="Great Council of Chiefs">Great Council of Chiefs</a>, the feudal body empowered to choose the country's president, vice-president, and fourteen of the thirty two <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Fiji" title="Senate of Fiji">Senators</a>, only in his capacity as president of the Republic, the <i><a href="/wiki/Fiji_Sun" title="Fiji Sun">Fiji Sun</a></i> reported.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 6 September 2007, Bainimarama imposed a renewed <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> for one month, alleging that deposed Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase and his spokesman were spreading lies and attempting to cause destabilisation, following Qarase's return to <a href="/wiki/Suva" title="Suva">Suva</a> after having been confined to the island of <a href="/wiki/Vanua_Balavu" title="Vanua Balavu">Vanua Balavu</a> since his ouster. Bainimarama said that Qarase and his spokesman should return to Vanuabalavu and that they could "talk from there".<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10462047_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_Herald_10462047-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama became acting <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Economy_(Fiji)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Economy (Fiji)">Minister of Finance</a> on 18 August 2008 after Chaudhry and the other Labour Party ministers withdrew from the interim government.<sup id="cite_ref-Takes_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Takes-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Explaining_the_coup">Explaining the coup</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Explaining the coup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The immediate cause of the military coup was Prime Minister Qarase's refusal to withdraw the Qoliqoli Bill. Bainimarama stated that his main reasons for overthrowing the Qarase government were that it was corrupt, and that it was conducting racially discriminatory policies against the country's <a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Indians in Fiji">Indo-Fijian</a> minority. In a speech publicly announcing the coup, he stated that Qarase's policies had "divided the nation now and will have very serious consequences to our future generations". He added that "the passing of the Reconciliation, Qoliqoli and Land Claims [Bills] will undermine the Constitution, will deprive many citizens of their rights as guaranteed under the Constitution and compromise and undermine the integrity of the Constitutional Offices including the Judiciary". He explained that he would amend the race-based electoral rolls, so as to "lead us into peace and prosperity and mend the ever widening racial divide that currently besets our multicultural nation".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Addressing the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> in September 2007, he stated: </p> <blockquote> <p>"[I]n 1970, Fiji started its journey as a young nation on a rather shaky foundation, with a race-based Constitution, one which rigidly compartmentalised our communities. The 'democracy' which came to be practised in Fiji was marked by divisive, adversarial, inward-looking, race-based politics. The legacy of leadership, at both community and national levels, was a fractured nation. Fiji's people were not allowed to share a common national identity. <br /><br /> Of the two major communities, indigenous Fijians were instilled with fear of dominance and dispossession by Indo-Fijians, and they desired protection of their status as the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous people">indigenous people</a>. Indo-Fijians, on the other hand, felt alienated and marginalised, as second-class citizens in their own country, the country of their birth, Fiji. [...] <br /><br /> Fiji's overall situation by 2006 had deteriorated sharply, heightened by massive corruption and lawlessness [...]. <br /><br /> [P]olicies which promote racial supremacy [...] must be removed once and for all. [...] Fiji will look at making the necessary legal changes in the area of electoral reform, to ensure true equality at the polls. [...] [E]very person will be given the right to vote for only one candidate, irrespective of race or religion."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>This was to be achieved, he declared, through a <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Charter_for_Change,_Peace_and_Progress" title="People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress">People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress</a>, the stated aim of which was to "rebuild Fiji into a non-racial, culturally-vibrant and united, well-governed, truly democratic nation that seeks progress, and prosperity through merit-based equality of opportunity, and peace".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2009, he told <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>'</i>s Graham Davis: </p> <blockquote> <p>"My vision for Fiji is one that's free of racism. That's the biggest problem we've had in the last 20 years and it needs to be taken out. It's the lies that are being fed to indigenous Fijians that are causing this, especially from our chiefs who are the dominating factor in our lives. And the politicians take advantage of that. We need to change direction in a dramatic way. We need to get rid of Qarase and everything associated with the 2000 coup and begin entirely on a new path."<sup id="cite_ref-Despot_for_diversity_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Despot_for_diversity-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Davis noted that Bainimarama had introduced greater ethnic diversity into senior positions, and suggested that "maybe that's what drives Bainimarama most of all; the notion, however quixotic, of a <a href="/wiki/Multiracialism" title="Multiracialism">multiracial</a> <a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">meritocracy</a> belatedly fulfilling the great promise Fiji had in its early post-independence years, when a visiting Pope <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a> famously described it as a model for the developing world. Before the greed, the racism and the gun."<sup id="cite_ref-Despot_for_diversity_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Despot_for_diversity-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2009_constitutional_crisis">2009 constitutional crisis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2009 constitutional crisis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2009_Fijian_constitutional_crisis" title="2009 Fijian constitutional crisis">2009 Fijian constitutional crisis</a></div> <p>In April 2009, the Court of Appeal ruled the removal of the democratic government during his 2006 military coup was illegal. Bainimarama stepped down on 10 April 2009 as interim prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-abc.net.au_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc.net.au-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President Iloilo then announced that he had abolished the constitution, assumed all governing power and revoked all judicial appointments. He reappointed Commodore Frank Bainimarama as prime minister only 24 hours later.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 April, the president made him <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Fiji">Companion of the Order of Fiji</a> in recognition of his "eminent achievement and merit of highest degree and service to Fiji and to humanity at large".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 November 2009, Bainimarama banished the envoys of Australia and New Zealand giving them 24 hours to leave the country.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Essential_National_Industries_Decree">Essential National Industries Decree</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Essential National Industries Decree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Essential_National_Industries_(Employment)_Decree_2011" title="Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011">Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011</a></div> <p>In September 2011, the Bainimarama government introduced a <a href="/wiki/Essential_National_Industries_(Employment)_Decree_2011" title="Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011">decree</a> severely curtailing <a href="/wiki/Labour_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour rights">labour rights</a>, so as to "ensure the present and continued viability and sustainability of essential national industries". In particular, the decree banned strikes in all but exceptional circumstances, subjecting them in addition to government authorization on a case-by-case basis. It also curtailed the right for workers to take their grievances to courts of law.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Fiji Trades Union Congress">Fiji Trades Union Congress</a> said the decree "offers major weapons to the employers to utilize against unions [...] It outlaws professional trade unionists, eliminates existing collective agreements, promotes a biased system of non-professional bargaining agents to represent workers, severely restricts industrial action, strengthens sanctions against legally striking workers and bans overtime payments and other allowances for workers in 24-hour operations". <a href="/wiki/Attar_Singh" title="Attar Singh">Attar Singh</a>, general secretary for the <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Islands_Council_of_Trade_Unions" title="Fiji Islands Council of Trade Unions">Fiji Islands Council of Trade Unions</a>, said: "We have never seen anything worse than this decree. It is without doubt designed to decimate unions [...] by giving [employers] an unfair advantage over workers and unions".<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> said the decree threatened "fundamental human rights [...], including the right to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">freedom of association</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">assembly</a>, and the right to organize".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_victories">Electoral victories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Electoral victories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bainimarama_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bainimarama_2014.jpg/220px-Bainimarama_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Bainimarama_2014.jpg/330px-Bainimarama_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Bainimarama_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Bainimarama in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Bainimarama promised the return of elections and democracy in 2014, and formed a party named <a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election" title="2014 Fijian general election">2014 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won a majority and Bainimarama was sworn in as prime minister of Fiji by President <a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Ratu Epeli Nailatikau</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/2018_Fijian_general_election" title="2018 Fijian general election">2018 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won an outright majority, and Bainimarama became prime minister for a second term on 20 November 2018. In the <a href="/wiki/2022_Fijian_general_election" title="2022 Fijian general election">2022 Fijian general election</a>, FijiFirst won a plurality but was unable to form a government, meaning Bainimarama would cease to be prime minister after 16 years of rule.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a> on 24 December 2022. The same day, Bainimarama was elected leader of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been described by some as a <a href="/wiki/Dictator" title="Dictator">dictator</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or an <a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">authoritarian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although he denies these claims.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspension_from_Parliament_and_conviction">Suspension from Parliament and conviction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Suspension from Parliament and conviction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 February 2023, Bainimarama was suspended from parliament for three years after making disparaging references to President Wiliame Katonivere and Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka, as well as making treasonous comments in breach of standing orders.<sup id="cite_ref-suspension_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suspension-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He remained the opposition leader.<sup id="cite_ref-remain_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-remain-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 March 2023 Bainimarama resigned from Parliament and as leader of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FVResign_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FVResign-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 9 March 2023 Bainimarama was charged with abuse of office over allegations he and police commissioner Sitiveni Qiliho interfered with an investigation into financial mismanagement at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_South_Pacific" title="University of the South Pacific">University of the South Pacific</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two were released on <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> the next day after pleading not guilty.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bainimarama and Qiliho were acquitted on 12 October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 March 2024 the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Fiji" title="High Court of Fiji">High Court of Fiji</a> overturned the acquittal and convicted Bainimarama of attempting to pervert the course of justice and Qiliho of abuse of office.<sup id="cite_ref-RNZ2024a_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RNZ2024a-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 May 2024, he was sentenced to a year in jail.<sup id="cite_ref-FVJailed_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FVJailed-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 8 November, Fiji Corrections Service announced his early release from prison.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet">Cabinet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cabinet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Office </th> <th>Incumbent </th></tr> <tr> <td>Attorney General and Minister for Economy, Civil Service and Communications<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aiyaz_Sayed-Khaiyum" title="Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum">Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Rural, Maritime Development and Disaster Management and  Minister for Defence, National Security and Policing<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Employment, Productivity, Industrial Relations, Youth and Sports<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parveen_Bala" title="Parveen Bala">Parveen Bala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for  Infrastructure and Meteorological Services and Minister for Lands and Mineral Resources<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jone_Usamate" title="Jone Usamate">Jone Usamate</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premila_Kumar" title="Premila Kumar">Premila Kumar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Agriculture, Waterways and Environment<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Reddy" title="Mahendra Reddy">Mahendra Reddy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mereseini_Vuniwaqa" title="Mereseini Vuniwaqa">Mereseini Vuniwaqa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Forestry<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osea_Naiqamu" title="Osea Naiqamu">Osea Naiqamu</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Fisheries<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semi_Koroilavesau" title="Semi Koroilavesau">Semi Koroilavesau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Local Government, Housing and Community Development<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premila_Kumar" title="Premila Kumar">Premila Kumar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Commerce, Trade, Tourism & Transport<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faiyaz_Koya" title="Faiyaz Koya">Faiyaz Koya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Minister for Health and Medical Services<sup id="cite_ref-:0_57-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ifereimi_Waqainabete" title="Ifereimi Waqainabete">Ifereimi Waqainabete</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bainimarama hails from the village of Kiuva in the Kaba Peninsula, <a href="/wiki/Tailevu_Province" title="Tailevu Province">Tailevu Province</a>. He is the brother of <a href="/wiki/Ratu" title="Ratu">Ratu</a> <a href="/wiki/Meli_Bainimarama" title="Meli Bainimarama">Meli Bainimarama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ratu" title="Ratu">Ratu</a> Timoci Bainimarama, both senior civil servants. He was <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>-educated<sup id="cite_ref-fijitimes1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fijitimes1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and graduated from <a href="/wiki/Marist_Brothers_High_School,_Fiji" title="Marist Brothers High School, Fiji">Marist Brothers High School</a> in Suva.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He is married to Maria Makitalena; they have six children.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bainimarama is a sports enthusiast, with a particular passion for <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>; he became president of the <a href="/wiki/Fiji_Rugby_Union" title="Fiji Rugby Union">Fiji Rugby Union</a> on 31 May 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2022, he underwent heart surgery in Melbourne, Australia. During his recovery, <a href="/wiki/Aiyaz_Sayed-Khaiyum" title="Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum">Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum</a> was named Acting Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He returned to Fiji in March 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Prime_Minister_(Fiji)" title="Office of the Prime Minister (Fiji)">Office of the Prime Minister</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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id="cite_note-Office_of_PM_Directory-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Office_of_PM_Directory_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.gov.fj/members-of-parliament/hon-josaia-voreqe-bainimarama/">"Fiji Parliament directory"</a>. <i>Parliament of Fiji</i>. 24 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230427003351/https://www.parliament.gov.fj/members-of-parliament/hon-josaia-voreqe-bainimarama/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Fiji&rft.atitle=Fiji+Parliament+directory&rft.date=2022-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.fj%2Fmembers-of-parliament%2Fhon-josaia-voreqe-bainimarama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNataro" class="citation news cs1">Nataro, Ivamere. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/09/former-fiji-pm-frank-bainimarama-sentenced-jail-ntwnfb">"Former Fiji PM Frank Bainimarama sentenced to year in jail"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509151321/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/may/09/former-fiji-pm-frank-bainimarama-sentenced-jail-ntwnfb">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Former+Fiji+PM+Frank+Bainimarama+sentenced+to+year+in+jail&rft.aulast=Nataro&rft.aufirst=Ivamere&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fmay%2F09%2Fformer-fiji-pm-frank-bainimarama-sentenced-jail-ntwnfb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-elected-as-Opposition-Leader-fx54r8/">"Bainimarama elected as Opposition Leader"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221226015135/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-elected-as-Opposition-Leader-fx54r8/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bainimarama+elected+as+Opposition+Leader&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijivillage.com%2Fnews%2FBainimarama-elected-as-Opposition-Leader-fx54r8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFonua_Talei2023" class="citation web cs1">Fonua Talei (9 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/09/inia-seruiratu-to-lead-opposition-to-keep-government-in-check/">"Inia Seruiratu To Lead Opposition To 'Keep Government In Check'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Fiji Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310084525/https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/09/inia-seruiratu-to-lead-opposition-to-keep-government-in-check/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inia+Seruiratu+To+Lead+Opposition+To+%27Keep+Government+In+Check%27&rft.pub=Fiji+Sun&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft.au=Fonua+Talei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffijisun.com.fj%2F2023%2F03%2F09%2Finia-seruiratu-to-lead-opposition-to-keep-government-in-check%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FVResign-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FVResign_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FVResign_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-resigns-from-Parliament-54rf8x/">"Bainimarama resigns from Parliament"</a>. Fiji Village. 8 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308010634/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-resigns-from-Parliament-54rf8x/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bainimarama+resigns+from+Parliament&rft.pub=Fiji+Village&rft.date=2023-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijivillage.com%2Fnews%2FBainimarama-resigns-from-Parliament-54rf8x%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ca.news.yahoo.com/former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-075358536.html">"Former Fiji prime minister Frank Bainimarama sentenced to year in jail"</a>. <i>Yahoo News</i>. 9 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511011625/https://ca.news.yahoo.com/former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-075358536.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Former+Fiji+prime+minister+Frank+Bainimarama+sentenced+to+year+in+jail&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.news.yahoo.com%2Fformer-fiji-prime-minister-frank-075358536.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RNZ2024a-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ2024a_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RNZ2024a_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/511711/fiji-chief-justice-overturns-not-guilty-verdict-in-frank-bainimarama-and-sitiveni-qiliho-case">"Fiji chief justice overturns not guilty verdict in Frank Bainimarama and Sitiveni Qiliho case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. 14 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240314035444/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/511711/fiji-chief-justice-overturns-not-guilty-verdict-in-frank-bainimarama-and-sitiveni-qiliho-case">Archived</a> from the original on 14 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji+chief+justice+overturns+not+guilty+verdict+in+Frank+Bainimarama+and+Sitiveni+Qiliho+case&rft.pub=RNZ&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F511711%2Ffiji-chief-justice-overturns-not-guilty-verdict-in-frank-bainimarama-and-sitiveni-qiliho-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FVJailed-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FVJailed_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FVJailed_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-sentenced-to-1-year-in-prison-854frx/#lvygwbuzcthij8v3zbg">"Bainimarama sentenced to 1 year in prison while Qiliho sentenced to 2 years imprisonment"</a>. Fiji Village. 9 May 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509000618/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-sentenced-to-1-year-in-prison-854frx/#lvygwbuzcthij8v3zbg">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bainimarama+sentenced+to+1+year+in+prison+while+Qiliho+sentenced+to+2+years+imprisonment&rft.pub=Fiji+Village&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijivillage.com%2Fnews%2FBainimarama-sentenced-to-1-year-in-prison-854frx%2F%23lvygwbuzcthij8v3zbg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGuirk2024" class="citation news cs1">McGuirk, Rod (9 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/fiji-bainimarama-prime-minister-prison-7f0d406b0b63da34798ab3638200e2b6">"Fiji's ex-leader, Frank Bainimarama, sentenced to prison for interfering in police investigation"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509071642/https://apnews.com/article/fiji-bainimarama-prime-minister-prison-7f0d406b0b63da34798ab3638200e2b6">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Fiji%27s+ex-leader%2C+Frank+Bainimarama%2C+sentenced+to+prison+for+interfering+in+police+investigation&rft.date=2024-05-09&rft.aulast=McGuirk&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ffiji-bainimarama-prime-minister-prison-7f0d406b0b63da34798ab3638200e2b6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIFBio-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIFBio_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIFBio_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207073632/https://www.forumsec.org/josaia-voreqe-bainimarama/">"THE HON REAR ADMIRAL JOSAIA VOREQE BAINIMARAMA: PRIME MINISTER"</a>. Pacific Islands Forum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forumsec.org/josaia-voreqe-bainimarama/">the original</a> on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+HON+REAR+ADMIRAL+JOSAIA+VOREQE+BAINIMARAMA%3A+PRIME+MINISTER&rft.pub=Pacific+Islands+Forum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forumsec.org%2Fjosaia-voreqe-bainimarama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FS2014a-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FS2014a_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS2014a_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS2014a_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS2014a_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FS2014a_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fijisun.com.fj/2014/03/05/strong-military-legacy-of-bainimarama/">"Strong military; legacy of Bainimarama"</a>. Fiji Sun. 5 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209123208/https://fijisun.com.fj/2014/03/05/strong-military-legacy-of-bainimarama/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strong+military%3B+legacy+of+Bainimarama&rft.pub=Fiji+Sun&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffijisun.com.fj%2F2014%2F03%2F05%2Fstrong-military-legacy-of-bainimarama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926073520/http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/about-us/minister-s-welcome-message/bio-data">"Fiji Ministry of Foreign Affairs"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.gov.fj/about-us/minister-s-welcome-message/bio-data">the original</a> on 26 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.gov.fj%2Fabout-us%2Fminister-s-welcome-message%2Fbio-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aus5-3-14-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aus5-3-14_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/fiji-coup-leader-frank-bainimarama-quits-military-post-for-poll-run/story-e6frg6so-1226846232030">Fiji coup leader Frank Bainimarama quits military post for poll run</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140306120952/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/fiji-coup-leader-frank-bainimarama-quits-military-post-for-poll-run/story-e6frg6so-1226846232030">Archived</a> 6 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a>, 5 March 2014, retrieved 6 March 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FT2014a-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FT2014a_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FT2014a_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-promoted-to-rear-admiral/">"Bainimarama promoted to Rear Admiral"</a>. <i>The Fiji Times</i>. 15 March 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210905184125/https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-promoted-to-rear-admiral/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fiji+Times&rft.atitle=Bainimarama+promoted+to+Rear+Admiral&rft.date=2014-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fbainimarama-promoted-to-rear-admiral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030224151940/http://www.journalism.uts.edu.au/archive/fiji_coup/0727arrested.html">"REBEL LEADER GEORGE SPEIGHT ARRESTED"</a>. Fiji Crisis. 27 July 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalism.uts.edu.au/archive/fiji_coup/0727arrested.html">the original</a> on 24 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REBEL+LEADER+GEORGE+SPEIGHT+ARRESTED&rft.pub=Fiji+Crisis&rft.date=2000-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journalism.uts.edu.au%2Farchive%2Ffiji_coup%2F0727arrested.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jul/26/fiji">"Fiji: Speight reported arrested"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 26 July 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509151345/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/jul/26/fiji">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fiji%3A+Speight+reported+arrested&rft.date=2000-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2000%2Fjul%2F26%2Ffiji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/is-this-the-best-advertised-coup-in-history/4VADRPQGWUUHCHAFXJRBGCH5UE/">"Is this the best advertised coup in history?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Herald">New Zealand Herald</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307025742/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/is-this-the-best-advertised-coup-in-history/4VADRPQGWUUHCHAFXJRBGCH5UE/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+this+the+best+advertised+coup+in+history%3F&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Herald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fworld%2Fis-this-the-best-advertised-coup-in-history%2F4VADRPQGWUUHCHAFXJRBGCH5UE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/159273/fiji-military-commander-holding-talks-with-chinese-defence-officials">"Fiji military commander holding talks with Chinese defence officials"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. 16 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209122135/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/159273/fiji-military-commander-holding-talks-with-chinese-defence-officials">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji+military+commander+holding+talks+with+Chinese+defence+officials&rft.pub=RNZ&rft.date=2005-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F159273%2Ffiji-military-commander-holding-talks-with-chinese-defence-officials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sid Marris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20687282-601,00.html">"Fiji coup a 'real danger', says Downer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223223934/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20687282-601,00.html">Archived</a> 23 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Australian</i>, 2 November 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Walters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20686078-601,00.html">"Howard warns against Fiji coup"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070908215417/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,20686078-601,00.html">Archived</a> 8 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Australian</i>, 2 November 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/168140/former-fiji-police-chief-alleges-kidnap-plot">"Former Fiji police chief alleges kidnap plot"</a>. 27 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511073558/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/168140/former-fiji-police-chief-alleges-kidnap-plot">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Former+Fiji+police+chief+alleges+kidnap+plot&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F168140%2Fformer-fiji-police-chief-alleges-kidnap-plot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fijitimes2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fijitimes2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fijitimes2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071222015828/http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=53181">"Fiji Times contributors warned by army – Fiji Times Online"</a>. Fijitimes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=53181">the original</a> on 22 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji+Times+contributors+warned+by+army+%E2%80%93+Fiji+Times+Online&rft.pub=Fijitimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D53181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sun.com.fj/pages/news.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214155333/http://www.sun.com.fj/pages/news.htm">Archived</a> 14 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fijivillage.com/artman/publish/article_34447.shtml">Archived copy</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061222181149/http://www.fijivillage.com/artman/publish/article_34447.shtml">Archived</a> 22 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NZ_Herald_10462047-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NZ_Herald_10462047_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929091729/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/2/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10462047">"Martial law declared in Fiji – again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 6 September 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/2/story.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10462047">the original</a> on 29 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Martial+law+declared+in+Fiji+%E2%80%93+again&rft.date=2007-09-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsection%2F2%2Fstory.cfm%3Fc_id%3D2%26objectid%3D10462047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Takes-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Takes_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iVfzwvtGNEnve0gRMD-SJMw_jv5w">"Fiji's military leader takes over country's finances"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230093437/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iVfzwvtGNEnve0gRMD-SJMw_jv5w">Archived</a> 30 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, AFP, 18 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_8092.shtml">"Commander RFMF – Public Declaration of Military Takeover"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090915235544/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_8092.shtml">Archived</a> 15 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fiji government, 5 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/62/2007/pdfs/fiji-en.pdf">"Statement by Bainimarama to the 62nd Session of the UN General Assembly"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Un.org</i>. 28 September 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227070823/https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/62/2007/pdfs/fiji-en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Un.org&rft.atitle=Statement+by+Bainimarama+to+the+62nd+Session+of+the+UN+General+Assembly&rft.date=2007-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwebcast%2Fga%2F62%2F2007%2Fpdfs%2Ffiji-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/uploads/charter.doc">"Building a Better Fiji for All through a People's Charter for Change and Progress"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914013748/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/uploads/charter.doc">Archived</a> 14 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fiji government website, April 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Despot_for_diversity-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Despot_for_diversity_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Despot_for_diversity_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25410470-16953,00.html">"Despot for diversity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914154445/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25410470-16953,00.html">Archived</a> 14 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Graham Davis, <i>The Australian</i>, 1 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abc.net.au-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abc.net.au_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAuckland_correspondent_Kerri_Ritchie2009" class="citation web cs1">Auckland correspondent Kerri Ritchie (10 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/04/10/2540501.htm?section=world">"Fiji's Bainimarama steps down as PM"</a>. <i>ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412000319/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/04/10/2540501.htm?section=world">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&rft.atitle=Fiji%27s+Bainimarama+steps+down+as+PM&rft.date=2009-04-10&rft.au=Auckland+correspondent+Kerri+Ritchie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2009%2F04%2F10%2F2540501.htm%3Fsection%3Dworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-04-11-voa13-68732767/357709.html">"Fiji's President Reappoints Bainimarama as Prime Minister"</a>. VOA News. 2 November 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209121359/https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2009-04-11-voa13-68732767/357709.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji%27s+President+Reappoints+Bainimarama+as+Prime+Minister&rft.pub=VOA+News&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fa-13-2009-04-11-voa13-68732767%2F357709.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25379725-5005961,00.html">"Frank Bainimarama receives Companion of the Order of Fiji from President"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227070839/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25379725-5005961,00.html">Archived</a> 27 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Agence France Presse, 24 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDorney2009" class="citation news cs1">Dorney, Sean (3 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-11-03/fiji-expels-australian-envoys/1128034">"Fiji expels Australian envoys"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240511170423/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2009-11-03/fiji-expels-australian-envoys/1128034">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Fiji+expels+Australian+envoys&rft.date=2009-11-03&rft.aulast=Dorney&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2009-11-03%2Ffiji-expels-australian-envoys%2F1128034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=337&Itemid=158">Decree No.35 2011 – Essential National Industries (Employment) Decree 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331200504/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=337&Itemid=158">Archived</a> 31 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Fiji government</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandsbusiness.com/fiji_business/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace=MiddleMiddle/focusModuleID=19861/overideSkinName=issueArticle-full.tpl">"Union/govt face off: Decree deepens division"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111115161807/http://www.islandsbusiness.com/fiji_business/index_dynamic/containerNameToReplace%3DMiddleMiddle/focusModuleID%3D19861/overideSkinName%3DissueArticle-full.tpl">Archived</a> 15 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Islands_Business" title="Islands Business">Islands Business</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa18/003/2011/en/">"Warning on Fiji government plan to severely restrict workers' rights"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808182401/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa18/003/2011/en/">Archived</a> 8 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Amnesty International, 8 August 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1hc6"><i>The People Have Spoken: The 2014 Elections in Fiji</i></a>. ANU Press. 2016. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-001-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76046-001-3"><bdi>978-1-76046-001-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1hc6">j.ctt1bw1hc6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220170221/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bw1hc6">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+People+Have+Spoken%3A+The+2014+Elections+in+Fiji&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1bw1hc6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=978-1-76046-001-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt1bw1hc6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNeedham2022" class="citation news cs1">Needham, Kirsty (20 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/fiji-has-new-government-after-three-opposition-parties-form-coalition-2022-12-20/">"Fiji has new government after three parties form coalition"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221221002205/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/fiji-has-new-government-after-three-opposition-parties-form-coalition-2022-12-20/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Fiji+has+new+government+after+three+parties+form+coalition&rft.date=2022-12-20&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Kirsty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Ffiji-has-new-government-after-three-opposition-parties-form-coalition-2022-12-20%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/481392/sitiveni-rabuka-is-fiji-s-new-prime-minister">"Sitiveni Rabuka is Fiji's new prime minister"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 24 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20221224042426/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/481392/sitiveni-rabuka-is-fiji-s-new-prime-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 24 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Sitiveni+Rabuka+is+Fiji%27s+new+prime+minister&rft.date=2022-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F481392%2Fsitiveni-rabuka-is-fiji-s-new-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/amp/how-fijian-dictator-bainimarama-finally-earned-his-mandate-31856">"How Fijian dictator Bainimarama finally earned his mandate"</a>. 18 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018211822/https://theconversation.com/amp/how-fijian-dictator-bainimarama-finally-earned-his-mandate-31856">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Fijian+dictator+Bainimarama+finally+earned+his+mandate&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Famp%2Fhow-fijian-dictator-bainimarama-finally-earned-his-mandate-31856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/won-dictator-the-2014-general-elections-in-the-republic-fiji">"Won by a Dictator? The 2014 General Elections in the Republic of Fiji"</a>. 14 January 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018211827/https://www.eastwestcenter.org/publications/won-dictator-the-2014-general-elections-in-the-republic-fiji">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Won+by+a+Dictator%3F+The+2014+General+Elections+in+the+Republic+of+Fiji&rft.date=2015-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastwestcenter.org%2Fpublications%2Fwon-dictator-the-2014-general-elections-in-the-republic-fiji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220128201635/http://www.truthforfiji.com/uploads/8/4/2/3/8423704/fijis_dictator_frank_bainimarama_revealed.pdf">"Fiji's Dictator. Frank Bainimarama's Truth Revealed"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Truth for Fiji</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.truthforfiji.com/uploads/8/4/2/3/8423704/fijis_dictator_frank_bainimarama_revealed.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Truth+for+Fiji&rft.atitle=Fiji%27s+Dictator.+Frank+Bainimarama%27s+Truth+Revealed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.truthforfiji.com%2Fuploads%2F8%2F4%2F2%2F3%2F8423704%2Ffijis_dictator_frank_bainimarama_revealed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108/OXAN-ES239981">"Fiji election renews semi-authoritarian rule"</a>. <i>Emerald Expert Briefings</i>. <span class="nowrap">oxan–</span>es (<span class="nowrap">oxan–</span>es). 1 January 2018. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FOXAN-ES239981">10.1108/OXAN-ES239981</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509151336/https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/OXAN-ES239981/full/html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span> – via Emerald Insight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerald+Expert+Briefings&rft.atitle=Fiji+election+renews+semi-authoritarian+rule&rft.volume=oxan-es&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Eoxan%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3Ees&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FOXAN-ES239981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1108%2FOXAN-ES239981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/pacific/programs/pacificbeat/is-fijian-style-authoritarianism-spreading/6662582">"Is Fijian-style authoritarianism spreading?"</a>. <i>ABC Pacific</i>. 30 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022002451/https://www.abc.net.au/pacific/programs/pacificbeat/is-fijian-style-authoritarianism-spreading/6662582">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Pacific&rft.atitle=Is+Fijian-style+authoritarianism+spreading%3F&rft.date=2015-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fpacific%2Fprograms%2Fpacificbeat%2Fis-fijian-style-authoritarianism-spreading%2F6662582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asiapacificreport.nz/2022/12/22/writing-on-the-wall-for-authoritarian-fijifirst-government-says-ratuva/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Writing on the wall' for authoritarian FijiFirst government, says Ratuva"</a>. Asia Pacific Report. 22 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113013036/https://asiapacificreport.nz/2022/12/22/writing-on-the-wall-for-authoritarian-fijifirst-government-says-ratuva/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Writing+on+the+wall%27+for+authoritarian+FijiFirst+government%2C+says+Ratuva&rft.pub=Asia+Pacific+Report&rft.date=2022-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasiapacificreport.nz%2F2022%2F12%2F22%2Fwriting-on-the-wall-for-authoritarian-fijifirst-government-says-ratuva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/watch?v=lLYLUwTVmhw">"Fiji's Prime Minister Insists That He is Not a Dictator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. Asia Pacific Report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221018211819/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLYLUwTVmhw">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=Fiji%27s+Prime+Minister+Insists+That+He+is+Not+a+Dictator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlLYLUwTVmhw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suspension-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-suspension_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-suspended-from-parliament-for-3-years-5fx48r/">"Bainimarama suspended from parliament for 3 years"</a>. Fiji Village. 17 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230217112926/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Bainimarama-suspended-from-parliament-for-3-years-5fx48r/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bainimarama+suspended+from+parliament+for+3+years&rft.pub=Fiji+Village&rft.date=2023-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijivillage.com%2Fnews%2FBainimarama-suspended-from-parliament-for-3-years-5fx48r%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-remain-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-remain_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-remains-as-leader-of-the-opposition/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Bainimarama remains as Leader of the Opposition'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Fiji Times. 19 February 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230226013224/https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-remains-as-leader-of-the-opposition/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Bainimarama+remains+as+Leader+of+the+Opposition%27&rft.pub=Fiji+Times&rft.date=2023-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fbainimarama-remains-as-leader-of-the-opposition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijitimes.com/suspended-bainimarama-resigns-from-parliament/">"Suspended Bainimarama resigns from Parliament"</a>. Fiji Times. 8 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230308014638/https://www.fijitimes.com/suspended-bainimarama-resigns-from-parliament/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspended+Bainimarama+resigns+from+Parliament&rft.pub=Fiji+Times&rft.date=2023-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fsuspended-bainimarama-resigns-from-parliament%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-09/former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-bainimarama-charged/102069086">"Fiji police charge former prime minister Frank Bainimarama with abuse of office"</a>. ABC News. 9 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309052516/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-09/former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-bainimarama-charged/102069086">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fiji+police+charge+former+prime+minister+Frank+Bainimarama+with+abuse+of+office&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2023-03-09%2Fformer-fiji-prime-minister-frank-bainimarama-charged%2F102069086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/485654/former-fiji-pm-bainimarama-and-suspended-top-cop-charged">"Former Fiji PM Bainimarama and suspended top cop charged"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a>. 9 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230309063527/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/485654/former-fiji-pm-bainimarama-and-suspended-top-cop-charged">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Former+Fiji+PM+Bainimarama+and+suspended+top+cop+charged&rft.pub=RNZ&rft.date=2023-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F485654%2Fformer-fiji-pm-bainimarama-and-suspended-top-cop-charged&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshna_Kumar2023" class="citation web cs1">Ashna Kumar (10 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/10/bainimarama-and-qiliho-released-on-bail/">"Bainimarama And Qiliho Released On Bail"</a>. Fiji Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310083109/https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/10/bainimarama-and-qiliho-released-on-bail/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bainimarama+And+Qiliho+Released+On+Bail&rft.pub=Fiji+Sun&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.au=Ashna+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffijisun.com.fj%2F2023%2F03%2F10%2Fbainimarama-and-qiliho-released-on-bail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshna_Kumar2023" class="citation web cs1">Ashna Kumar (10 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/10/qiliho-and-bainimarama-pleads-not-guilty/">"Qiliho And Bainimarama Pleads Not Guilty"</a>. Fiji Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230310032212/https://fijisun.com.fj/2023/03/10/qiliho-and-bainimarama-pleads-not-guilty/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qiliho+And+Bainimarama+Pleads+Not+Guilty&rft.pub=Fiji+Sun&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.au=Ashna+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffijisun.com.fj%2F2023%2F03%2F10%2Fqiliho-and-bainimarama-pleads-not-guilty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVucukula2023" class="citation news cs1">Vucukula, Elena (12 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijitimes.com/court-frees-bainimarama-qiliho-of-all-charges/">"Court frees Bainimarama, Qiliho of all charges"</a>. <i>The Fiji Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014015209/https://www.fijitimes.com/court-frees-bainimarama-qiliho-of-all-charges/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fiji+Times&rft.atitle=Court+frees+Bainimarama%2C+Qiliho+of+all+charges&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.aulast=Vucukula&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fcourt-frees-bainimarama-qiliho-of-all-charges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/533224/convicted-former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-bainimarama-released-from-prison-early">"Convicted former Fiji prime minister Frank Bainimarama released from prison early"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RNZ" class="mw-redirect" title="RNZ">RNZ</a></i>. 8 November 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RNZ&rft.atitle=Convicted+former+Fiji+prime+minister+Frank+Bainimarama+released+from+prison+early&rft.date=2024-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F533224%2Fconvicted-former-fiji-prime-minister-frank-bainimarama-released-from-prison-early&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_57-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pmoffice.gov.fj/ministers-2/">"Ministers | Office of the Prime Minister Fiji"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221227075346/http://www.pmoffice.gov.fj/ministers-2/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministers+%7C+Office+of+the+Prime+Minister+Fiji&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmoffice.gov.fj%2Fministers-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fijitimes1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fijitimes1_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080914064258/http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=99006">"Catholics support Methodists – Fiji Times Online"</a>. Fijitimes.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=99006">the original</a> on 14 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Catholics+support+Methodists+%E2%80%93+Fiji+Times+Online&rft.pub=Fijitimes.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fstory.aspx%3Fid%3D99006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/five-facts-fijis-prime-minister-bainimarama-2022-12-22/">"Five Facts on Fiji's Prime Minister Bainimarama"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 22 December 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230530231618/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/five-facts-fijis-prime-minister-bainimarama-2022-12-22/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Five+Facts+on+Fiji%27s+Prime+Minister+Bainimarama&rft.date=2022-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fasia-pacific%2Ffive-facts-fijis-prime-minister-bainimarama-2022-12-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSingh2014" class="citation news cs1">Singh, Zanzeer (1 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-elected-fru-president/">"Bainimarama elected FRU president"</a>. <i>The Fiji Times Online</i>. Fiji Times Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209121136/https://www.fijitimes.com/bainimarama-elected-fru-president/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>. <q>PRIME Minister Rear Admiral (Ret) Voreqe Bainimarama is the new president of the Fiji Rugby Union. [...] He was elected unopposed at the Fiji Rugby Union annual general meeting in Nadi yesterday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Fiji+Times+Online&rft.atitle=Bainimarama+elected+FRU+president&rft.date=2014-06-01&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Zanzeer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fijitimes.com%2Fbainimarama-elected-fru-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoble2022" class="citation news cs1">Noble, Phil (12 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.barrons.com/amp/news/fiji-leader-bainimarama-a-no-show-for-visit-by-top-us-diplomat-01644642609">"Fiji Leader Bainimarama A No-show For Visit By Top US Diplomat"</a>. <i>Barrons</i>. AFP-Agence France Presse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201010403/https://www.barrons.com/amp/news/fiji-leader-bainimarama-a-no-show-for-visit-by-top-us-diplomat-01644642609">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Barrons&rft.atitle=Fiji+Leader+Bainimarama+A+No-show+For+Visit+By+Top+US+Diplomat&rft.date=2022-02-12&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Famp%2Fnews%2Ffiji-leader-bainimarama-a-no-show-for-visit-by-top-us-diplomat-01644642609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2022" class="citation news cs1">Anthony, Kelvin (7 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/461003/fiji-s-pm-needs-time-to-recuperate-says-govt">"Fiji's PM needs 'time to recuperate' says govt"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201010359/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/461003/fiji-s-pm-needs-time-to-recuperate-says-govt">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Fiji%27s+PM+needs+%27time+to+recuperate%27+says+govt&rft.date=2022-02-07&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Kelvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F461003%2Ffiji-s-pm-needs-time-to-recuperate-says-govt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnthony" class="citation news cs1">Anthony, Kelvin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/462562/bainimarama-returns-to-fiji-after-heart-surgery">"Bainimarama returns to Fiji after heart surgery"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">Radio New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221201010353/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/462562/bainimarama-returns-to-fiji-after-heart-surgery">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Bainimarama+returns+to+Fiji+after+heart+surgery&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Kelvin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnz.co.nz%2Finternational%2Fpacific-news%2F462562%2Fbainimarama-returns-to-fiji-after-heart-surgery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrank+Bainimarama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Bainimarama&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid 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Bainimarama</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frank_Bainimarama" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Frank Bainimarama">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" class="extiw" title="q:Frank Bainimarama">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57830" class="extiw" title="d:Q57830">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfmf.mil.fj/">Republic of Fiji Military Forces website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090915235544/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_8092.shtml">Bainimarama's speech, 5 December 2006: the stated reasons for the coup</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/62/2007/pdfs/fiji-en.pdf">Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 62nd session of the United Nations General Assembly</a>, 28 September 2007 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110521102942/http://webcast.un.org/ramgen/ondemand/ga/62/2007/ga070928am2.rm?start=00:00:01&end=00:22:26">video</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/ga/63/generaldebate/fiji.shtml">Commodore Bainimarama's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly</a>, 26 September 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/foreign/content/2010/s2972431.htm">Frank, Uncensored</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> documentary by Philippa McDonald, 3 August 2010.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Epeli_Ganilau" title="Epeli Ganilau">Epeli Ganilau</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Republic_of_Fiji_Military_Forces" title="Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces">Commander of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces</a> </b><br />1999–2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mosese_Tikoitoga" title="Mosese Tikoitoga">Mosese Tikoitoga</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Fiji" title="President of Fiji">President of Fiji</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2000 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Josefa Iloilo</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Fiji" title="President of Fiji">President of Fiji</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting</span> </b><br />2006–2007 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jona_Senilagakali" title="Jona Senilagakali">Jona Senilagakali</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime Minister of Fiji</a> </b><br />2007–2022<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Acting: 2007–2014</span> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Epeli Nailatikau</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2008–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="3">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Kubuabola" title="Inoke Kubuabola">Inoke Kubuabola</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Timoci_Natuva" title="Timoci Natuva">Timoci Natuva</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Minister for Immigration, National Security and Defence </b><br />2016 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Kubuabola" title="Inoke Kubuabola">Inoke Kubuabola</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2016–2019 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Minister for Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />2020–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Naiqama Lalabalavu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />2022–2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New political party</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of <a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst">FijiFirst</a> </b><br />2014–2024 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Disestablished</i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/90px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/120px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">President (from 1987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaia_Ganilau" title="Penaia Ganilau">Ganilau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Mara</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bainimarama</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Iloilo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bainimarama</a>§</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Iloilo" title="Josefa Iloilo">Iloilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Nailatikau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jioji_Konrote" title="Jioji Konrote">Konrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiliame_Katonivere" title="Wiliame Katonivere">Katonivere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Lalabalavu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>§Head of the military regime</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prime_ministers_of_Fiji185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Template:Prime ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prime_ministers_of_Fiji185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Fiji" title="Prime Minister of Fiji">Prime ministers of Fiji</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Fiji" title="Dominion of Fiji">Dominion of Fiji</a> (1970–1987)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoci_Bavadra" title="Timoci Bavadra">Bavadra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">coups</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Fiji"><img alt="Flag of Fiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/50px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/75px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/100px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Republic of Fiji</a> (1987–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Chaudhry" title="Mahendra Chaudhry">Chaudhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevita_Momoedonu" title="Tevita Momoedonu">Momoedonu</a>*</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">coup</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laisenia_Qarase" title="Laisenia Qarase">Qarase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevita_Momoedonu" title="Tevita Momoedonu">Momoedonu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laisenia_Qarase" title="Laisenia Qarase">Qarase</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">coup</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jona_Senilagakali" title="Jona Senilagakali">Senilagakali</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bainimarama</a>*†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* interim † military</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_for_foreign_affairs_of_Fiji117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Template:Foreign ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Template talk:Foreign ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_ministers_of_Fiji" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign ministers of Fiji"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_for_foreign_affairs_of_Fiji117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Fiji)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Fiji)">Ministers for foreign affairs of Fiji</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosese_Qionibaravi" title="Mosese Qionibaravi">Mosese Qionibaravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonati_Mavoa" title="Jonati Mavoa">Jonati Mavoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semesa_Sikivou" title="Semesa Sikivou">Semesa Sikivou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Datt" title="Krishna Datt">Krishna Datt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipe_Bole" title="Filipe Bole">Filipe Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Kamisese Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipe_Bole" title="Filipe Bole">Filipe Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipe_Bole" title="Filipe Bole">Filipe Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenado_Vunibobo" title="Berenado Vunibobo">Berenado Vunibobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupeni_Baba" title="Tupeni Baba">Tupeni Baba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliopate_Tavola" title="Kaliopate Tavola">Kaliopate Tavola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isikeli_Mataitoga" title="Isikeli Mataitoga">Isikeli Mataitoga</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epeli_Nailatikau" title="Epeli Nailatikau">Epeli Nailatikau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Bainimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Kubuabola" title="Inoke Kubuabola">Inoke Kubuabola</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Bainimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Bainimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Sitiveni Rabuka</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Fiji.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/75px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/113px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Fiji.svg/150px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>*acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_(Parliamentary)_Opposition_in_Fiji85" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition (Fiji)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition (Fiji)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition (Fiji)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_(Parliamentary)_Opposition_in_Fiji85" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Fiji)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)">Leaders of the (Parliamentary) Opposition in Fiji</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sidiq_Koya" title="Sidiq Koya">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Ram_Reddy" title="Jai Ram Reddy">Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidiq_Koya" title="Sidiq Koya">Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Sharma" title="Harish Sharma">Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamisese_Mara" title="Kamisese Mara">Mara</a></li> <li><i>vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/1987_Fijian_coups_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1987 Fijian coups d'état">1987</a>–<a href="/wiki/1992_Fijian_general_election" title="1992 Fijian general election">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jai_Ram_Reddy" title="Jai Ram Reddy">Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Kubuabola" title="Inoke Kubuabola">Kubuabola</a></li> <li><i>vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/2000_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2000 Fijian coup d'état">2000</a>–<a href="/wiki/2001_Fijian_general_election" title="2001 Fijian general election">2001</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prem_Singh_(Fijian_politician)" title="Prem Singh (Fijian politician)">Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Beddoes" title="Mick Beddoes">Beddoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Chaudhry" title="Mahendra Chaudhry">Chaudhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Beddoes" title="Mick Beddoes">Beddoes</a></li> <li><i>vacant</i> (<a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">2006</a>–<a href="/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election" title="2014 Fijian general election">2014</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teimumu_Kepa" title="Teimumu Kepa">Kepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka" title="Sitiveni Rabuka">Rabuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu" title="Naiqama Lalabalavu">Lalabalavu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bainimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Seruiratu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="FijiFirst219" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fiji_First" title="Template:Fiji First"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fiji_First" title="Template talk:Fiji First"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fiji_First" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fiji First"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="FijiFirst219" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/FijiFirst" title="FijiFirst"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">FijiFirst</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Bainimarama</a> (2014–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;width:1%">Secretary General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiyaz_Sayed-Khaiyum" title="Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum">Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum</a> (2014–2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;width:1%">Former Members of Parliament</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frank Bainimarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiyaz_Sayed-Khaiyum" title="Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum">Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Reddy" title="Mahendra Reddy">Mahendra Reddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Akbar" title="Rosy Akbar">Rosy Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ifereimi_Waqainabete" title="Ifereimi Waqainabete">Ifereimi Waqainabete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selai_Adimaitoga" title="Selai Adimaitoga">Selai Adimaitoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veena_Bhatnagar" title="Veena Bhatnagar">Veena Bhatnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joeli_Cawaki" title="Joeli Cawaki">Joeli Cawaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Dean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Dean (page does not exist)">Mohammed Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iliesa_Delana" title="Iliesa Delana">Iliesa Delana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorna_Eden" title="Lorna Eden">Lorna Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salik_Ram_Govind" title="Salik Ram Govind">Salik Ram Govind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jioji_Konrote" title="Jioji Konrote">Jioji Konrote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Kubuabola" title="Inoke Kubuabola">Inoke Kubuabola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilila_Kumar" title="Jilila Kumar">Jilila Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brij_Lal" title="Brij Lal">Brij Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiko_Luveni" title="Jiko Luveni">Jiko Luveni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alivereti_Nabulivou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alivereti Nabulivou (page does not exist)">Alivereti Nabulivou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruveni_Nadalo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruveni Nadalo (page does not exist)">Ruveni Nadalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alipate_Nagata" title="Alipate Nagata">Alipate Nagata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osea_Naiqamu" title="Osea Naiqamu">Osea Naiqamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timoci_Natuva" title="Timoci Natuva">Timoci Natuva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mataiasi_Akauola_Niumataiwalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mataiasi Akauola Niumataiwalu (page does not exist)">Mataiasi Akauola Niumataiwalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_O%27Connor" title="Alexander O'Connor">Alexander O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanjit_Patel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanjit Patel (page does not exist)">Sanjit Patel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Politini_Jnr" title="Howard Politini Jnr">Howard Politini Jnr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijendra_Prakash" title="Vijendra Prakash">Vijendra Prakash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Netani_Rika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Netani Rika (page does not exist)">Netani Rika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Sharma" title="Neil Sharma">Neil Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohit_Sharma_(politician)" title="Rohit Sharma (politician)">Rohit Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jale_Sigarara" title="Jale Sigarara">Jale Sigarara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balmindra_Singh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balmindra Singh (page does not exist)">Balmindra Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashneel_Sudhakar" title="Ashneel Sudhakar">Ashneel Sudhakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pio_Tikoduadua" title="Pio Tikoduadua">Pio Tikoduadua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laisenia_Tuitubou" title="Laisenia Tuitubou">Laisenia Tuitubou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jone_Usamate" title="Jone Usamate">Jone Usamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vegnathan" title="George Vegnathan">George Vegnathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuela_Vunivalu" title="Samuela Vunivalu">Samuela Vunivalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mereseini_Vuniwaqa" title="Mereseini Vuniwaqa">Mereseini Vuniwaqa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;width:1%">Members of Parliament from 2022 to 2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inia_Seruiratu" title="Inia Seruiratu">Inia Seruiratu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jone_Usamate" title="Jone Usamate">Jone Usamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiyaz_Koya" title="Faiyaz Koya">Faiyaz Koya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parveen_Bala" title="Parveen Bala">Parveen Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvikh_Maharaj" title="Alvikh Maharaj">Alvikh Maharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioane_Naivalurua" title="Ioane Naivalurua">Ioane Naivalurua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosese_Bulitavu" title="Mosese Bulitavu">Mosese Bulitavu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliki_Bia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliki Bia (page does not exist)">Aliki Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naisa_Tuinaceva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naisa Tuinaceva (page does not exist)">Naisa Tuinaceva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hem_Chand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hem Chand (page does not exist)">Hem Chand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Kirpal" title="Sanjay Kirpal">Sanjay Kirpal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi_Koroilavesau" title="Semi Koroilavesau">Semi Koroilavesau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penioni_Ravunawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penioni Ravunawa (page does not exist)">Penioni Ravunawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premila_Kumar" title="Premila Kumar">Premila Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shalen_Kumar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shalen Kumar (page does not exist)">Shalen Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketan_Lal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketan Lal (page does not exist)">Ketan Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Lal" title="Virendra Lal">Virendra Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Nand" title="Joseph Nand">Joseph Nand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijay_Nath" title="Vijay Nath">Vijay Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viliame_Naupoto" title="Viliame Naupoto">Viliame Naupoto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josaia_Niudamu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josaia Niudamu (page does not exist)">Josaia Niudamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viam_Pillay" title="Viam Pillay">Viam Pillay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alipate_Tuicolo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alipate Tuicolo (page does not exist)">Alipate Tuicolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinesh_Sharma" title="Rinesh Sharma">Rinesh Sharma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sachida_Nand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sachida Nand (page does not exist)">Sachida Nand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#00BFFF; color:white;width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Fijian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2006 Fijian coup d'état">2006 Fijian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Fijian_constitutional_crisis" title="2009 Fijian constitutional crisis">2009 Fijian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Constitution_of_Fiji" title="2013 Constitution of Fiji">2013 Constitution of Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Fijian_general_election" title="2014 Fijian general election">2014 Fijian general election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Charter_for_Change,_Peace_and_Progress" title="People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress">People's Charter for Change, Peace and Progress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57830#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata836" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57830#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata836" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57830#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108000257">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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