CINXE.COM
University Bulletin | Penn State
<!doctype html> <html class="no-js" xml:lang="en" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <script>(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement)</script> <title>University Bulletin | Penn State</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/search/opensearch.xml" title="Catalog" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0" /> <link href="/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/reset.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/courseleaf.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/fonts/font-awesome/font-awesome.min.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/js/lfjs.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/screen.css?v=20220419" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/print.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/lfjs.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/lfjs_any.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/courseleaf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/custom.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var gakey = "UA-100286127-1";</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/analytics.js"></script> <script async src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9GW31H40P8'></script><script type='text/javascript'>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js', new Date());gtag('config', 'G-9GW31H40P8');</script> <script type="text/javascript">var editionStart = 2024;</script> </head> <body> <nav class="accessible" aria-label="Skip to content menu"> <div class="accessible-menu"> <ul> <li><a href="#content" rel="section">Skip to Content</a></li> <li><a href="/azindex/">AZ Index</a></li> <li><a href="/">Catalog Home</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.psu.edu">PSU Home</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <header id="header"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <a href="https://www.psu.edu" target="_blank" title="Penn State University"> <img src="/images/logo.png" id="logo" alt="Penn State logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="col-sm-6" id="hdr-right"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="/"><img src="/images/wordmarks/default_2024-2025.png" id="bulletins-title" class="pull-right" alt="University Bulletins" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="header-selections col-xs-12 pull-right"> <div id="header-buttons"> <div id="catalog"><!-- HOME BUTTON --> <button aria-controls="catalog-selector" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" id="catalog-selector-btn"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-2x fa-fw fa-home"></span> <span class="sr-only">Toggle catalog selector</span> </button> <ul aria-hidden="true" class="is-dropdown" id="catalog-selector" role="menu" aria-label="Bulletin Selector"> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/">All bulletins</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/undergraduate/">Undergraduate</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/graduate/">Graduate</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/pennstatelaw/">Penn State Law</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/dickinsonlaw/">Dickinson Law</a></li> <li role="menuitem"><a href="/medicine/">College of Medicine</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="calendar"> <a href="https://www.registrar.psu.edu/academic-calendars/" target="_blank"><span class="fa fa-2x fa-fw fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="sr-only">Academic Calendar</span></a> </div><!-- CALENDAR ICON --> </div><!-- id="header-buttons" --> <form class="search clearfix" name="search" aria-label="Site Search" method="get" id="search" action="/search/"> <input type="text" aria-label="Search Term Input" id="searchfield" class="searchbox" name="search" placeholder="Search" size="25"> <fieldset id="search-radio-buttons" aria-label="Search Buttons" class="search-radio-buttons"> <legend class="sr-only">Select where to search:</legend> <ul class="is-dropdown" id="search-contexts"> <li> <input name="psusearchname" id="scontext-catalog" aria-label="Search this Site" type="radio" value="/search/" checked> <label for="scontext-catalog"> <span>This Site</span> </label> </li> <li> <input name="psusearchname" id="scontext-psu" aria-label="Search Penn State Website" type="radio" value="https://www.psu.edu/search?query="> <label for="scontext-psu"> <span>Penn State</span> </label> </li> <li> <input name="psusearchname" id="scontext-people" aria-label="Search Penn State Directory" type="radio" value="https://www.work.psu.edu/cgi-bin/ldap/ldap_query.cgi?cn="> <label for="scontext-people"> <span>People</span> </label> </li> <li> <input name="psusearchname" id="scontext-departments" type="radio" aria-label="Search Penn State Departments" value="https://www.work.psu.edu/cgi-bin/ldap/dept_query.cgi?dept_name="> <label for="scontext-departments"> <span>Departments</span> </label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> <button type="submit" id="search-submit" aria-label="Search"> <i class="fa fa-search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Search</span> </button> </form> </div><!-- header-selections col-xs-12 pull-right --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- #hdr-right --> </div><!-- end .row --> </div><!-- end .container --> </header> <!-- end header --> <section class="announcement-bar hidden" aria-hidden="true"><span class="h4">New Bulletin Edition:</span><span class="h5"> You are viewing the 2024-25 edition of the University Bulletins. Past editions of the Bulletin are available in the <a href="/archive/">archive</a>. (Undergraduate students should follow the requirements published in the Bulletin edition from their entry year.)</span></section> <nav id="navigation" aria-hidden="false" aria-label="header navigation"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div id="hamburger-container" class="flexbox-container"> <div class="menu-title">Menu</div> <button type="button" id="hamburger" data-toggle="#navbar" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle menu</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navbar" aria-hidden="false"> <ul id="first-level"> <li><a href="/undergraduate/">Undergraduate</a></li> <li><a href="/graduate/">Graduate</a></li> <li><a href="/pennstatelaw/">Penn State Law</a></li> <li><a href="/dickinsonlaw/">Dickinson Law</a></li> <li><a href="/medicine/">College of Medicine</a></li> <li class="mobile-link"><a href="https://www.registrar.psu.edu/academic-calendars/" target="_blank">Academic Calendar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!-- end .container --> </nav> <div class="homepage" id="content" role="main"> <div id="home-hero"> <div aria-hidden="true" id="hero-images"> <div id="hero-images-container"><div class="hero-image" style="display: none; background-image: url('/gallery/landing_hero_lab-lg.jpg');"></div><div class="hero-image" style="display: none; background-image: url('/gallery/landing_hero_student_studying-lg.jpg');"></div><div class="hero-image" style="display: none; background-image: url('/gallery/landing_student_hero_agriculture-lg.jpg');"></div><div class="hero-image" style="display: none; background-image: url('/gallery/landing_hero_music-lg.jpg');"></div></div> </div> <div id="page-heading"> <h2>Penn State's Resource for Academic Information and Requirements</h2> </div> <div id="home-search" class="col-xs-12 col-md-8 col-md-offset-2 col-lg-6 col-lg-offset-2"> <div class="row" id="search--title"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h3>Search the Bulletin</h3> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <form action="/search/"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p> <span class="find-label">Find a</span> <input class="sr-only" type="radio" name="scontext" id="scontext-courses" value="courses" /> <label for="scontext-courses" class="search-selector" data-searchtype="Course">Course</label> <input class="sr-only" type="radio" name="scontext" id="scontext-programs" value="programs" /> <label for="scontext-programs" class="search-selector" data-searchtype="Program">Program</label> <span class="find-label">Or</span> <input class="sr-only" type="radio" name="scontext" id="scontext-all" value="all" checked /> <label for="scontext-all" class="search-selector" data-searchtype="Everything">Search Everything</label> </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-10"> <label class="sr-only" for="search-term">Keyword</label> <input type="text" name="search" id="search-term" /> </div> <div class="col-xs-2"> <button type="submit">Find</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cards cards-area-2"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="row"><div class="cards-holder"><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/landing_courses-med.jpg');"><a href="/university-course-descriptions/"><h3>Courses</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about Courses</p></a></div></div><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/landing_undergraduate-med.jpg');"><a href="/undergraduate/"><h3>Undergraduate Bulletin</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about Undergraduate Bulletin</p></a></div></div><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/landing_graduate-med.jpg');"><a href="/graduate/"><h3>Graduate Bulletin</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about Graduate Bulletin</p></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="cards cards-area-2"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="row"><div class="cards-holder"><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/psl_landing_hero_image-med.jpg');"><a href="/pennstatelaw/"><h3>Penn State Law Bulletin</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about Penn State Law Bulletin</p></a></div></div><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/landing_dickinsonlaw-med.jpg');"><a href="/dickinsonlaw/"><h3>Dickinson Law Bulletin</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about Dickinson Law Bulletin</p></a></div></div><div class="col-sm-12 col-md-4"><div class="card" style="background-image:url('/gallery/landing_medicine-med.jpg');"><a href="/medicine/"><h3>College of Medicine Bulletin</h3><p class="sr-only">Click to learn more about College of Medicine Bulletin</p></a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-push-3 col-sm-6"> <h2>Resources</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.lionpath.psu.edu/" target="_blank">LionPATH</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.registrar.psu.edu/collegenet/" target="_blank">CollegeNET</a></li> <li><a href="https://lmstools.ais.psu.edu/login/ldapfps.html" target="_blank">Canvas</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-push-3 col-sm-6"> <h2>Quick Links</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://policy.psu.edu/policies/ad85" target="_blank">Nondiscrimination Statement</a></li> <li><a href="https://policy.psu.edu/policies/hr11" target="_blank">Equal Opportunity Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.psu.edu/copyright-information/" target="_blank">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.psu.edu/legal-statements/" target="_blank">Privacy and Legal Statements</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-push-3 col-sm-6 col-sm-push-6"> <h2><a href="mailto:bulletins@psu.edu">Contact Us</a></h2> <div class="social-buttons"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/pennstate/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-instagram fa-2x fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Instagram</span> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pennstate/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook fa-2x fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/penn_state" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-twitter fa-2x fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 col-md-pull-9 col-sm-6 col-sm-pull-6"> <a href="https://www.psu.edu" target="_blank"> <img id="foot-logo" src="/images/logo-footer.png" alt="Penn State logo" /> </a> <br/> <a href="https://www.psu.edu" target="_blank">The Pennsylvania State University</a> <br/> All Rights Reserved. </div> </div> </div> <a href="#header" id="totop"><span class="sr-only">Back to Top</span></a> </footer><!-- end #footer --> <div id="print-dialog" aria-labeledby="dialog-title" class="screen" role="dialog"> <div class="print-header"> <h2 id="dialog-title">Print Options</h2> </div> <div class="print-body"> <div class="print-option"> <div class="option-head"> <a href="#" onclick="hidePrintDialog();window.print();return false">Send Page to Printer</a> </div> <p> <em>Print this page.</em> </p> </div> <div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/homepage.pdf" role="button">Download PDF of this page</a></div><p class="option-desc"><em>The PDF will include all information unique to this page.</em></p></div><h3 class="print-sub-header">Download Complete Bulletin PDFs</h3><div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/pdf/undergraduate.pdf" target="_blank">Download Undergraduate Bulletin PDF</a></div></div><div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/pdf/graduate.pdf" target="_blank">Download Graduate Bulletin PDF</a></div></div><div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/pdf/pennstatelaw.pdf" target="_blank">Download Penn State Law Bulletin PDF</a></div></div><div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/pdf/dickinsonlaw.pdf" target="_blank">Download Dickinson Law Bulletin PDF</a></div></div><div class="print-option"><div class="option-head"><a class="option-name" href="/pdf/collegeofmedicine.pdf" target="_blank">Download College of Medicine Bulletin PDF</a></div></div> </div> <div class="buttons clearfix"> <div class="cancel"> <a href="#" onclick="hidePrintDialog(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>