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<span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residential_flue_liners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residential_flue_liners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Residential flue liners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residential_flue_liners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimney_pots,_caps,_and_tops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimney_pots,_caps,_and_tops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chimney pots, caps, and tops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimney_pots,_caps,_and_tops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimney_draught_or_draft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimney_draught_or_draft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Chimney draught or draft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimney_draught_or_draft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Draft_hood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Draft_hood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Draft hood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Draft_hood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maintenance_and_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance_and_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Maintenance and problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance_and_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimneys_of_special_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_of_special_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Chimneys of special interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chimneys_of_special_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chimneys of special interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_of_special_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chimneys_with_observation_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_with_observation_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Chimneys with observation decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_with_observation_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_electricity_pylon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_used_as_electricity_pylon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Chimneys used as electricity pylon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_electricity_pylon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_water_tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_used_as_water_tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Chimneys used as water tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_water_tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_radio_tower" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_used_as_radio_tower"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Chimneys used as radio tower</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_used_as_radio_tower-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chimneys_used_for_advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chimneys_used_for_advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Chimneys used for advertising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chimneys_used_for_advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooling_tower_used_as_an_industrial_chimney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooling_tower_used_as_an_industrial_chimney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Cooling tower used as an industrial chimney</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooling_tower_used_as_an_industrial_chimney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chimney</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%A9" title="مدخنة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدخنة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaminera" title="Chaminera – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chaminera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian-t%C3%A2ng" title="Ian-tâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ian-tâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Дымавая труба – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дымавая труба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Комин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Комин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xemeneia" title="Xemeneia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xemeneia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C4%83%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Мăрье – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мăрье" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%ADn" title="Komín – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Komín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnai" title="Simnai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Simnai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorsten" title="Skorsten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skorsten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schornstein" title="Schornstein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schornstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsten" title="Korsten – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korsten" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Καπνοδόχος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καπνοδόχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimenea" title="Chimenea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chimenea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamentubo" title="Kamentubo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kamentubo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tximinia" title="Tximinia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tximinia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B4" title="دودکش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دودکش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%C3%A9e" title="Cheminée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cheminée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siml%C3%A9ar" title="Simléar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Simléar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminea" title="Cheminea – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cheminea" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B4%EB%9A%9D" title="굴뚝 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="굴뚝" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6" title="धुआँकश – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="धुआँकश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimnjak" title="Dimnjak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dimnjak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kameno" title="Kameno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kameno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerobong" title="Cerobong – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cerobong" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciminiera" title="Ciminiera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ciminiera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94" title="ארובה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF" title="ಚಿಮಣಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿಮಣಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%ABmvads" title="Dūmvads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dūmvads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaminas" title="Kaminas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaminas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjaorstein" title="Sjaorstein – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjaorstein" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9m%C3%A9ny" title="Kémény – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Димник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Димник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoorsteen" title="Schoorsteen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Schoorsteen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="कुँगः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कुँगः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99%E7%AA%81" title="煙突 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="煙突" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3" title="Туьнкалг – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Туьнкалг" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorstein" title="Skorstein – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skorstein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorstein" title="Skorstein – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skorstein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheunm%27n%C3%A9e" title="Cheunm'née – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Cheunm'née" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%C3%A8ia" title="Cheminèia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cheminèia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuynuk" title="Tuynuk – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tuynuk" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%90%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C" title="چِمنی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چِمنی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schosteen" title="Schosteen – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Schosteen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komin" title="Komin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Komin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamin%C3%A9" title="Chaminé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chaminé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%C8%99_de_fum" title="Coș de fum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coș de fum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Дымовая труба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дымовая труба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lum" title="Lum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamishi" title="Kamishi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kamishi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimin%C3%ACa" title="Ciminìa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ciminìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chimney" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kom%C3%ADn" title="Komín – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Komín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimnik" title="Dimnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dimnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Димњак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Димњак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimnjak" title="Dimnjak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dimnjak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savupiippu" title="Savupiippu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Savupiippu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skorsten" title="Skorsten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skorsten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="புகைக்கூண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புகைக்கூண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80" title="చిమ్నీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చిమ్నీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F" title="ปล่องไฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปล่องไฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baca" title="Baca – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1swom_(a%CC%B1cuncung)" title="A̱swom (a̱cuncung) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱swom (a̱cuncung)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Димова труба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Димова труба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchimin%C3%AAye" title="Tchiminêye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tchiminêye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koave" title="Koave – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Koave" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E5%9B%B1" title="烟囱 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="烟囱" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%85%99%E9%80%9A" title="煙通 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="煙通" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%C4%97ns" title="Kamėns – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kamėns" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E5%9B%B1" title="烟囱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烟囱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170477#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ventilation for hot gases or smoke</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chimney_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chimney (disambiguation)">Chimney (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling tower</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Smoke stack" redirects here. For the 1963 avant-garde jazz album, see <a href="/wiki/Smoke_Stack_(album)" title="Smoke Stack (album)">Smoke Stack (album)</a>. For smokestacks on ships, see <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">Funnel (ship)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Chimney" title="Special:EditPage/Chimney">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Chimney%22">"Chimney"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Chimney%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Chimney%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Chimney%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Chimney%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Chimney%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>chimney</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Ventilation_(architecture)" title="Ventilation (architecture)">architectural ventilation</a> structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas" title="Exhaust gas">exhaust gases</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smoke" title="Smoke">smoke</a> produced by a <a href="/wiki/Boiler" title="Boiler">boiler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stove" title="Stove">stove</a>, <a href="/wiki/Furnace_(house_heating)" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace (house heating)">furnace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incineration" title="Incineration">incinerator</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplace</a> from human living areas. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the <a href="/wiki/Combustion" title="Combustion">combustion</a> in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">stack, or chimney effect</a>. The space inside a chimney is called the <i><a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">flue</a></i>. Chimneys are adjacent to large industrial <a href="/wiki/Refinery" title="Refinery">refineries</a>, fossil fuel combustion facilities or part of buildings, steam locomotives and ships. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Smokestack_industry" title="Smokestack industry">smokestack industry</a></i> refers to the environmental impacts of burning <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a> by industrial society, including the electric industry during its earliest history. The term <i><b>smokestack</b></i> (colloquially, <i><b>stack</b></i>) is also used when referring to <a href="/wiki/Chimney_(locomotive)" title="Chimney (locomotive)">locomotive chimneys</a> or <a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">ship chimneys</a>, and the term <i><b>funnel</b></i> can also be used.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The height of a chimney influences its ability to transfer flue gases to the external environment via <a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">stack effect</a>. Additionally, the dispersion of pollutants at higher altitudes can reduce their impact on the immediate surroundings. The dispersion of pollutants over a greater area can reduce their concentrations and facilitate compliance with regulatory limits. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A smoke hood in the Netherlands"><img alt="A smoke hood in the Netherlands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg/247px-Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg/371px-Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg/495px-Kamer_boven_poort_-_Geverik_-_20077791_-_RCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A smoke hood in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimney pots in London, seen from the tower of Westminster Cathedral"><img alt="Chimney pots in London, seen from the tower of Westminster Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg/250px-Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg/375px-Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg/500px-Chimney.stack.london.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chimney pots in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, seen from the tower of <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Cathedral" title="Westminster Cathedral">Westminster Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A seagull sits on top of a hot gas cooling chimney at The World of Glass in St. Helens in the United Kingdom"><img alt="A seagull sits on top of a hot gas cooling chimney at The World of Glass in St. Helens in the United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg/250px-Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg/375px-Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg/500px-Seagull_sits_on_top_of_the_chimney_cone_at_The_World_of_Glass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A seagull sits on top of a hot gas cooling chimney at The World of Glass in <a href="/wiki/St_Helens,_Merseyside" title="St Helens, Merseyside">St. Helens</a> in the United Kingdom</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Industrial chimney use dates to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, who drew smoke from their bakeries with tubes embedded in the walls. However, domestic chimneys first appeared in large dwellings in northern Europe in the 12th century. The earliest surviving example of an English chimney is at the keep of <a href="/wiki/Conisbrough_Castle" title="Conisbrough Castle">Conisbrough Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, which dates from 1185 AD,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they did not become common in houses until the 16th and 17th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Smoke hoods</b> were an early method of collecting the smoke into a chimney. These were typically much wider than modern chimneys and started relatively high above the fire, meaning more heat could escape into the room. Because the air going up the shaft was cooler, these could be made of less fireproof materials. Another step in the development of chimneys was the use of built-in ovens which allowed the household to bake at home. Industrial chimneys became common in the late 18th century. </p><p>Chimneys in ordinary dwellings were first built of wood and plaster or mud. Since then chimneys have traditionally been built of brick or stone, both in small and large buildings. Early chimneys were of simple brick construction. Later chimneys were constructed by placing the bricks around tile liners. To control downdrafts, venting caps (often called <i>chimney pots</i>) with a variety of designs are sometimes placed on the top of chimneys. </p><p>In the 18th and 19th centuries, the methods used to extract <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> from its ore produced large amounts of toxic fumes. In the north of England, long near-horizontal chimneys were built, often more than 3 km (2 mi) long, which typically terminated in a short vertical chimney in a remote location where the fumes would cause less harm. Lead and silver deposits formed on the inside of these long chimneys, and periodically workers would be sent along the chimneys to scrape off these valuable deposits.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> </ul></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present,_NED_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg/220px-Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg/330px-Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg/440px-Chimmney-_past_in_conversation_with_present%2C_NED_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption>Chimney in NED University</figcaption></figure> <p>As a result of the limited ability to handle transverse loads with brick, chimneys in houses were often built in a "stack", with a fireplace on each floor of the house sharing a single chimney, often with such a stack at the front and back of the house. Today's <a href="/wiki/Central_heating" title="Central heating">central heating</a> systems have made chimney placement less critical, and the use of non-structural gas vent pipe allows a flue gas conduit to be installed around obstructions and through walls. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fixing_the_Pots_(8652045687).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg/220px-Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg/330px-Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg/440px-Fixing_the_Pots_%288652045687%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Chimney in North London</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png/220px-Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="370" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png/330px-Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png/440px-Seven-flue_Stack_1834.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="819" /></a><figcaption>Flue</figcaption></figure> <p>Most modern high-efficiency heating appliances do not require a chimney. Such appliances are generally installed near an external wall, and a noncombustible wall thimble<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Clarify what a wall thimble is (April 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> allows a <a href="/wiki/Flue" title="Flue">vent pipe</a> to run directly through the external wall. </p><p>On a pitched roof where a chimney penetrates a roof, <a href="/wiki/Flashing_(weatherproofing)" title="Flashing (weatherproofing)">flashing</a> is used to seal up the joints. The down-slope piece is called an apron, the sides receive step flashing and a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(roofing)" title="Cricket (roofing)">cricket</a> is used to divert water around the upper side of the chimney underneath the flashing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Industrial_chimney" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial chimney">Industrial chimneys</a> are commonly referred to as <a href="/wiki/Flue-gas_stack" title="Flue-gas stack">flue-gas stacks</a> and are generally external structures, as opposed to those built into the wall of a building. They are generally located adjacent to a steam-generating boiler or industrial furnace and the gases are carried to them with ductwork. Today the use of reinforced <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a> has almost entirely replaced brick as a <a href="/wiki/Structural_element" title="Structural element">structural element</a> in the construction of industrial chimneys. <a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a> bricks are often used as a lining, particularly if the type of fuel being burned generates flue gases containing acids. Modern industrial chimneys sometimes consist of a concrete <a href="/wiki/Windshield" title="Windshield">windshield</a> with a number of flues on the inside. </p><p>The 300 m (980 ft) high steam plant chimney at the <a href="/wiki/Secunda_CTL" title="Secunda CTL">Secunda CTL</a>'s synthetic fuel plant in Secunda, South Africa consists of a 26 m (85 ft) diameter windshield with four 4.6 metre diameter concrete flues which are lined with refractory bricks built on rings of <a href="/wiki/Corbel" title="Corbel">corbels</a> spaced at 10 metre intervals. The reinforced concrete can be cast by conventional formwork or sliding formwork. The height is to ensure the pollutants are dispersed over a wider area to meet legal or other safety requirements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Residential_flue_liners">Residential flue liners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Residential flue liners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A chimney with two clay-tile flue liners"><img alt="A chimney with two clay-tile flue liners" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg/197px-ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg/296px-ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg/395px-ChimneyProvidenceProspectPark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1319" data-file-height="1669" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A chimney with two clay-tile flue liners</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>A flue liner is a secondary barrier in a chimney that protects the masonry from the acidic products of combustion, helps prevent <a href="/wiki/Flue_gas" title="Flue gas">flue gas</a> from entering the house, and reduces the size of an oversized flue. Since the 1950s, building codes in many locations require newly built chimneys to have a flue liner. Chimneys built without a liner can usually have a liner added, but the type of liner needs to match the type of appliance it services. Flue liners may be clay or concrete tile, metal, or poured in place concrete. </p><p>Clay tile flue liners are very common in the United States, although it is the only liner that does not meet <a href="/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Underwriters Laboratories">Underwriters Laboratories</a> 1777 approval and frequently they have problems such as cracked tiles and improper installation.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clay tiles are usually about 2 feet (0.61 m) long, available in various sizes and shapes, and are installed in new construction as the chimney is built. A <a href="/wiki/Refractory_cement" class="mw-redirect" title="Refractory cement">refractory cement</a> is used between each tile. </p><p>Metal liners may be stainless steel, aluminum, or galvanized iron and may be flexible or rigid pipes. Stainless steel is made in several types and thicknesses. Type 304 is used with <a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">firewood</a>, wood <a href="/wiki/Pellet_fuel" title="Pellet fuel">pellet fuel</a>, and non-condensing <a href="/wiki/Heating_oil" title="Heating oil">oil</a> appliances, types 316 and 321 with coal, and type AL 29-4C is used with high efficiency condensing gas appliances. Stainless steel liners must have a cap and be insulated if they service solid fuel appliances, but following the manufacturer's instructions carefully.<sup id="cite_ref-Bliss_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bliss-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aluminum and galvanized steel chimneys are known as class A and class B chimneys. Class A are either an insulated, double wall stainless steel pipe or triple wall, air-insulated pipe often known by its genericized trade name Metalbestos. Class B are uninsulated double wall pipes often called B-vent, and are only used to vent non-condensing gas appliances. These may have an aluminum inside layer and galvanized steel outside layer. </p><p>Concrete flue liners are like clay liners but are made of a refractory cement and are more durable than the clay liners. </p><p>Poured in place concrete liners are made by pouring special concrete into the existing chimney with a form. These liners are highly durable, work with any heating appliance, and can reinforce a weak chimney, but they are irreversible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chimney_pots,_caps,_and_tops"><span id="Chimney_pots.2C_caps.2C_and_tops"></span>Chimney pots, caps, and tops</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chimney pots, caps, and tops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clovelly_(Devon,_UK)_--_2013_--_1349.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rows of chimney pots in an English town in 2013"><img alt="Rows of chimney pots in an English town in 2013" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg/250px-Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg/375px-Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg/500px-Clovelly_%28Devon%2C_UK%29_--_2013_--_1349.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4148" data-file-height="2772" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rows of chimney pots in an English town in 2013</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Spanish Conquistador style wind directional cowl found on homes along the windy coast of Oregon"><img alt="Spanish Conquistador style wind directional cowl found on homes along the windy coast of Oregon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG/250px-Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG/375px-Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG/500px-Common_chimney_cowl_Oregon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1340" data-file-height="1340" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Spanish Conquistador style wind directional <a href="/wiki/Cowl_(chimney)" title="Cowl (chimney)">cowl</a> found on homes along the windy coast of <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H-style_cap.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An H-style cowl"><img alt="An H-style cowl" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/H-style_cap.jpg/187px-H-style_cap.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/H-style_cap.jpg/281px-H-style_cap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/H-style_cap.jpg/375px-H-style_cap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An H-style cowl</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>A chimney pot is placed on top of the chimney to expand the length of the chimney inexpensively, and to improve the chimney's <a href="/wiki/Draft_(boiler)" title="Draft (boiler)">draft</a>. A chimney with more than one pot on it indicates that multiple fireplaces on different floors share the chimney. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Cowl_(chimney)" title="Cowl (chimney)">cowl</a> is placed on top of the chimney to prevent birds and other animals from nesting in the chimney. They often feature a rain guard to prevent rain or snow from going down the chimney. A metal wire mesh is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Spark_arrestor" title="Spark arrestor">spark arrestor</a> to minimize burning debris from rising out of the chimney and making it onto the roof. Although the masonry inside the chimney can absorb a large amount of moisture which later evaporates, rainwater can collect at the base of the chimney. Sometimes weep holes are placed at the bottom of the chimney to drain out collected water. </p><p>A chimney cowl or wind directional cap is a helmet-shaped chimney cap that rotates to align with the wind and prevent a downdraft of smoke and wind down the chimney. </p><p>An <i>H-style cap</i> is a chimney top constructed from chimney pipes shaped like the letter H. It is an age-old method of regulating draft in situations where prevailing winds or turbulences cause downdraft and back-puffing. Although the H cap has a distinct advantage over most other downdraft caps, it fell out of favor because of its bulky design. It is found mostly in marine use but has been regaining popularity due to its energy-saving functionality. The H-cap stabilizes the draft rather than increasing it. Other downdraft caps are based on the <a href="/wiki/Venturi_effect" title="Venturi effect">Venturi effect</a>, solving downdraft problems by increasing the updraft constantly resulting in much higher fuel consumption. </p><p>A chimney damper is a metal plate that can be positioned to close off the chimney when not in use and prevent outside air from entering the interior space, and can be opened to permit hot gases to exhaust when a fire is burning. A <i>top damper</i> or <i>cap damper</i> is a metal spring door placed at the top of the chimney with a long metal chain that allows one to open and close the damper from the fireplace. A <i>throat damper</i> is a metal plate at the base of the chimney, just above the firebox, that can be opened and closed by a lever, gear, or chain to seal off the fireplace from the chimney. The advantage of a top damper is the tight weatherproof seal that it provides when closed, which prevents cold outside air from flowing down the chimney and into the living space—a feature that can rarely be matched by the metal-on-metal seal afforded by a throat damper. Additionally, because the throat damper is subjected to intense heat from the fire directly below, it is common for the metal to become warped over time, thus further degrading the ability of the throat damper to seal. However, the advantage of a throat damper is that it seals off the living space from the air mass in the chimney, which, especially for chimneys positioned on an outside of wall of the home, is generally very cold. It is possible in practice to use both a top damper and a throat damper to obtain the benefits of both. The two top damper designs currently on the market are the Lyemance (pivoting door) and the Lock Top (translating door). </p><p>In the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> the design of <a href="/wiki/Stepped_gable" title="Stepped gable">stepped gables</a> arose to allow maintenance access to the chimney top, especially for tall structures such as <a href="/wiki/Castle" title="Castle">castles</a> and great <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor houses</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chimney_draught_or_draft">Chimney draught or draft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chimney draught or draft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flue-gas_stack" title="Flue-gas stack">Flue-gas stack</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chimney_effect.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The stack effect in chimneys: the gauges represent absolute air pressure and the airflow is indicated with light grey arrows. The gauge dials move clockwise with increasing pressure."><img alt="The stack effect in chimneys: the gauges represent absolute air pressure and the airflow is indicated with light grey arrows. The gauge dials move clockwise with increasing pressure." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chimney_effect.svg/125px-Chimney_effect.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chimney_effect.svg/187px-Chimney_effect.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Chimney_effect.svg/250px-Chimney_effect.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The stack effect in chimneys: the gauges represent absolute air pressure and the airflow is indicated with light grey arrows. The gauge dials move clockwise with increasing pressure.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FredaSmokestack.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An abandoned chimney in Freda, Michigan"><img alt="An abandoned chimney in Freda, Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FredaSmokestack.jpg/187px-FredaSmokestack.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FredaSmokestack.jpg/281px-FredaSmokestack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/FredaSmokestack.jpg/375px-FredaSmokestack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An abandoned chimney in <a href="/wiki/Freda,_Michigan" title="Freda, Michigan">Freda, Michigan</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>When coal, oil, natural gas, wood, or any other fuel is combusted in a stove, oven, fireplace, hot water boiler, or industrial furnace, the hot combustion product gases that are formed are called flue gases. Those gases are generally exhausted to the ambient outside air through chimneys or industrial flue-gas stacks (sometimes referred to as smokestacks). </p><p>The combustion flue gases inside the chimneys or stacks are much hotter than the ambient outside air and therefore less <a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">dense</a> than the ambient air. That causes the bottom of the vertical column of hot flue gas to have a lower <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">pressure</a> than the pressure at the bottom of a corresponding column of outside air. That higher pressure outside the chimney is the driving force that moves the required combustion air into the combustion zone and also moves the flue gas up and out of the chimney. That movement or flow of combustion air and flue gas is called "natural draught/draft", <a href="/wiki/Passive_ventilation" title="Passive ventilation">"natural ventilation"</a>, "chimney effect", or "<a href="/wiki/Stack_effect" title="Stack effect">stack effect</a>". The taller the stack, the more draught or draft is created. There can be cases of diminishing returns: if a stack is overly tall in relation to the heat being sent out of the stack, the flue gases may cool before reaching the top of the chimney. This condition can result in poor drafting, and in the case of wood burning appliances, the cooling of the gases before emission can cause <a href="/wiki/Creosote" title="Creosote">creosote</a> to condense near the top of the chimney. The creosote can restrict the exit of flue gases and may pose a fire hazard. </p><p>Designing chimneys and stacks to provide the correct amount of natural draft involves a number of design factors, many of which require iterative trial-and-error methods. </p><p>As a "first guess" approximation, the following equation can be used to estimate the natural draught/draft flow rate by assuming that the <a href="/wiki/Molecular_mass" title="Molecular mass">molecular mass</a> (i.e., molecular weight) of the flue gas and the external air are equal and that the frictional pressure and heat losses are negligible: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-display mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle Q=C\,A\,{\sqrt {2\,g\,H\,{\frac {T_{i}-T_{e}}{T_{e}}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>Q</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>C</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>A</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msqrt> <mn>2</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>g</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mi>H</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </msqrt> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle Q=C\,A\,{\sqrt {2\,g\,H\,{\frac {T_{i}-T_{e}}{T_{e}}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e7eab590488f099e654b2053d6c400e3523d1e1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-display mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:25.237ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle Q=C\,A\,{\sqrt {2\,g\,H\,{\frac {T_{i}-T_{e}}{T_{e}}}}}}"></span> where: </p> <ul><li><i>Q</i> = chimney draught/draft flow rate, m<sup>3</sup>/s</li> <li><i>A</i> = cross-sectional area of chimney, m<sup>2</sup> (assuming it has a constant cross-section)</li> <li><i>C</i> = discharge coefficient (usually taken to be from 0.65 to 0.70)</li> <li><i>g</i> = <a href="/wiki/Standard_gravity" title="Standard gravity">gravitational acceleration</a>, 9.807 m/s<sup>2</sup></li> <li><i>H</i> = height of chimney, m</li> <li><i>T<sub>i</sub></i> = average temperature inside the chimney, <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></li> <li><i>T<sub>e</sub></i> = external air temperature, K.</li></ul> <p>Combining two flows into chimney: <i>A</i><sub>t</sub>+<i>A</i><sub>f</sub><<i>A</i>, where <i>A</i><sub>t</sub>=7.1 inch<sup>2</sup> is the minimum required flow area from water heater tank and <i>A</i><sub>f</sub>=19.6 inch<sup>2</sup> is the minimum flow area from a furnace of a central heating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Draft_hood">Draft hood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Draft hood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gas fired appliances must have a draft hood to cool combustion products entering the chimney and prevent updrafts or downdrafts.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maintenance_and_problems">Maintenance and problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Maintenance and problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimneys on the Parliamentary Library in Wellington, New Zealand"><img alt="Chimneys on the Parliamentary Library in Wellington, New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG/166px-New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG/249px-New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG/333px-New_Zealand_Parliamentary_Library_Chimneys.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chimneys on the Parliamentary Library in <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>, New Zealand</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chernobylreactor_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A non-operational chimney at Chernobyl reactor#4 preserved as part of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus"><img alt="A non-operational chimney at Chernobyl reactor#4 preserved as part of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/250px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/375px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Chernobylreactor_1.jpg/500px-Chernobylreactor_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A non-operational chimney at <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl reactor#4</a> preserved as part of the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_sarcophagus" title="Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus">Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modernist chimneys on the Casa Milà (Barcelona, Spain), by Antoni Gaudí."><img alt="Modernist chimneys on the Casa Milà (Barcelona, Spain), by Antoni Gaudí." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg/250px-LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg/375px-LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg/500px-LaPedrera-Chimeneas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2342" data-file-height="1522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Modernisme" title="Modernisme">Modernist</a> chimneys on the <a href="/wiki/Casa_Mil%C3%A0" title="Casa Milà">Casa Milà</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain), by <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a>.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>A characteristic problem of chimneys is they develop deposits of <a href="/wiki/Creosote" title="Creosote">creosote</a> on the walls of the structure when used with wood as a <a href="/wiki/Fuel" title="Fuel">fuel</a>. Deposits of this substance can interfere with the airflow and more importantly, they are <a href="/wiki/Combustible" class="mw-redirect" title="Combustible">combustible</a> and can cause dangerous <a href="/wiki/Chimney_fire" title="Chimney fire">chimney fires</a> if the deposits ignite in the chimney. </p><p>Heaters that burn natural gas drastically reduce the amount of creosote buildup due to natural gas burning much cleaner and more efficiently than traditional solid fuels. While in most cases there is no need to clean a gas chimney on an annual basis that does not mean that other parts of the chimney cannot fall into disrepair. Disconnected or loose chimney fittings caused by corrosion over time can pose serious dangers for residents due to leakage of carbon monoxide into the home.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, it is recommended—and in some countries even mandatory—that chimneys be inspected annually and cleaned on a regular basis to prevent these problems. The workers who perform this task are called <a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweep" title="Chimney sweep">chimney sweeps</a> or <a href="/wiki/Steeplejack" title="Steeplejack">steeplejacks</a>. This work used to be done largely by <a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">child labour</a> and, <a href="/wiki/Chimney_sweep#Popular_culture" title="Chimney sweep">as such</a>, features in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_literature" title="Victorian literature">Victorian literature</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> in some parts of Europe, a <a href="/wiki/Stepped_gable" title="Stepped gable">stepped gable</a> design was developed, partly to provide access to chimneys without use of ladders. </p><p>Masonry (brick) chimneys have also proven to be particularly prone to crumbling during <a href="/wiki/Earthquakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes">earthquakes</a>. Government housing authorities in cities prone to earthquakes such as <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a> now recommend building new homes with stud-framed chimneys around a metal flue. Bracing or strapping old masonry chimneys has not proven to be very effective in preventing damage or injury from earthquakes. It is now possible to buy "faux-brick" facades to cover these modern chimney structures. </p><p>Other potential problems include: </p> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Spall" title="Spall">spalling</a>" brick, in which moisture seeps into the brick and then freezes, cracking and flaking the brick and loosening mortar seals.</li> <li>shifting foundations, which may degrade integrity of chimney masonry</li> <li>nesting or infestation by unwanted animals such as squirrels, racoons, or <a href="/wiki/Chimney_swift" title="Chimney swift">chimney swifts</a></li> <li>chimney leaks</li> <li>drafting issues, which may allow smoke inside building<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>issues with fireplace or heating appliance may cause unwanted degradation or hazards to chimney</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chimneys_of_special_interest">Chimneys of special interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Chimneys of special interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimneys_with_observation_decks">Chimneys with observation decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chimneys with observation decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio City Tower in Liverpool. Although it looks like a television tower made of concrete, it was originally designed as ventilation shaft of a nearby mall"><img alt="Radio City Tower in Liverpool. Although it looks like a television tower made of concrete, it was originally designed as ventilation shaft of a nearby mall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg/184px-St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg/277px-St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg/369px-St_John%27s_Beacon_from_Heathfield_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3450" data-file-height="4675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio City Tower in Liverpool. Although it looks like a television tower made of concrete, it was originally designed as ventilation shaft of a nearby mall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimney of Beitou Refuse Incinerator housing a revolving restaurant and a public observation deck"><img alt="Chimney of Beitou Refuse Incinerator housing a revolving restaurant and a public observation deck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg/250px-%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg/375px-%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg/500px-%E5%8C%97%E6%8A%95%E7%84%9A%E5%8C%96%E7%88%90_-_panoramio_-_Tianmu_peter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chimney of Beitou Refuse Incinerator housing a revolving restaurant and a public observation deck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bernard Brewery Chimney in Humpolec, to which in 2020/2021 an observation deck accessible over a spiral staircase was added"><img alt="Bernard Brewery Chimney in Humpolec, to which in 2020/2021 an observation deck accessible over a spiral staircase was added" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg/187px-Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg/281px-Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg/375px-Bernard_Brewery_-_rozhledna_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bernard Brewery Chimney in Humpolec, to which in 2020/2021 an observation deck accessible over a spiral staircase was added</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Several chimneys with observation decks were built. The following possibly incomplete list shows them. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Town </th> <th>Coordinates </th> <th>Year of completion </th> <th>Total height </th> <th>Height of observation deck </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>Chimney of <a href="/wiki/Beitou_Refuse_Incineration_Plant" title="Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant">Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant</a></td> <td>Taiwan</td> <td>Teipei</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=25.108043_N_121.499384_E_type:landmark&title=Chimney+of+Beitou+Refuse+Incineration+Plant"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">25°06′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°29′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">25.108043°N 121.499384°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">25.108043; 121.499384</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Chimney of Beitou Refuse Incineration Plant</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>2000</td> <td>150 m (492 ft)</td> <td>116 m (381 ft)</td> <td>revolving restaurant in a height of 120 metres (394 ft) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio City Tower">Radio City Tower</a></td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td>Liverpool</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=53.406332_N_2.982002_W_type:landmark&title=Radio+City+Tower"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°24′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°58′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.406332°N 2.982002°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.406332; -2.982002</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Radio City Tower</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>1971</td> <td>148 m (486 ft)</td> <td>124.7 m (409 ft)</td> <td>chimney for the heating system of a nearby mall </td></tr> <tr> <td>Large Chimney of Warsaw Refuse Incineration Plant</td> <td>Poland</td> <td>Warsaw</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=52.261448_N_21.105072_E_type:landmark&title=Large+Chimney+of+Warsaw+Refuse+Incineration+Plant"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°15′41″N</span> <span class="longitude">21°06′18″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.261448°N 21.105072°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.261448; 21.105072</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Large Chimney of Warsaw Refuse Incineration Plant</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>2024</td> <td>72 m (236 ft)</td> <td></td> <td>observation deck only accessible at guided tours through the facility </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bernard Brewery Chimney</td> <td>Czech</td> <td>Humpolec</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=49.539786_N_15.360043_E_type:landmark&title=Bernard+Brewery+Chimney"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°32′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°21′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.539786°N 15.360043°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.539786; 15.360043</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Bernard Brewery Chimney</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td></td> <td>40.7 m (134 ft)</td> <td>33 m (108 ft)</td> <td>observation deck added in 2020/21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dům Dětí a Mládeže v Modřanech</td> <td>Czech</td> <td>Prague</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=50.012154_N_14.413657_E_type:landmark&title=D%C5%AFm+D%C4%9Bt%C3%AD+a+Ml%C3%A1de%C5%BEe+v+Mod%C5%99anech"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°00′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">14°24′49″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.012154°N 14.413657°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.012154; 14.413657</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dům Dětí a Mládeže v Modřanech</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>2004</td> <td>15 m (49 ft)</td> <td>12 m (39 ft)</td> <td>observation platform on chimney of the roof of a youth centre </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chimney of Zenner Heating Building</td> <td>Germany</td> <td>Berlin</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=52.488097_N_13.477282_E_type:landmark&title=Chimney+of+Zenner+Heating+Building"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°29′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">13°28′38″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.488097°N 13.477282°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.488097; 13.477282</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Chimney of Zenner Heating Building</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>1955</td> <td>15 m (49 ft)</td> <td>12 m (39 ft)</td> <td>perhaps never in use as observation tower </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimneys_used_as_electricity_pylon">Chimneys used as electricity pylon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chimneys used as electricity pylon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashira_Power_Plant_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kashira Power Plant with one chimney serving also as high voltage pylon"><img alt="Kashira Power Plant with one chimney serving also as high voltage pylon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/250px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/375px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/500px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1308" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kashira Power Plant with one chimney serving also as high voltage pylon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6,_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iriklinskaya Power Station with chimneys used as high voltage pylons"><img alt="Iriklinskaya Power Station with chimneys used as high voltage pylons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg/375px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%A6%2C_Iriklinskaj_electric_power-station_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Iriklinskaya Power Station with chimneys used as high voltage pylons</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Powerline conductors fixed on crossbars attached to a chimney of Scholven Power Station"><img alt="Powerline conductors fixed on crossbars attached to a chimney of Scholven Power Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg/250px-Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg/375px-Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg/500px-Schornstein_Scholven_Hochspannungsleitung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Powerline conductors fixed on crossbars attached to a chimney of Scholven Power Station</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>At several thermal power stations at least one smokestack is used as electricity pylon. The following possibly incomplete list shows them. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>City </th> <th>Coordinates </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Height </th> <th>Year of construction </th> <th>Voltage </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>Gelsenkirchen</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=51.600623_N_7.004573_E_type:landmark&title=Scholven+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+for+Units+B%2C+C%2C+D+and+E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°36′02″N</span> <span class="longitude">7°00′16″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.600623°N 7.004573°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.600623; 7.004573</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Scholven Power Station, Chimney for Units B, C, D and E</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scholven_Power_Station" title="Scholven Power Station">Scholven Power Station</a>, Chimney for Units B, C, D and E</td> <td>300 m</td> <td></td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belarus</td> <td>Novolukoml</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.679048_N_29.135925_E_type:landmark&title=Lukoml+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°40′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°08′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.679048°N 29.135925°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.679048; 29.135925</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lukoml Power Station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lukoml_Power_Station" title="Lukoml Power Station">Lukoml Power Station</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1969</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belarus</td> <td>Novolukoml</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.679941_N_29.135259_E_type:landmark&title=Lukoml+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°40′48″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°08′07″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.679941°N 29.135259°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.679941; 29.135259</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lukoml Power Station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lukoml_Power_Station" title="Lukoml Power Station">Lukoml Power Station</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1971</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Belarus</td> <td>Novolukoml</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.681290_N_29.134428_E_type:landmark&title=Lukoml+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+3"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°40′53″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°08′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.681290°N 29.134428°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.681290; 29.134428</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Lukoml Power Station, Chimney 3</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lukoml_Power_Station" title="Lukoml Power Station">Lukoml Power Station</a>, Chimney 3</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1973</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>Elektrenai</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.771463_N_24.647291_E_type:landmark&title=Elektr%C4%97nai+Power+Plant%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°46′17″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°38′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.771463°N 24.647291°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.771463; 24.647291</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Elektrėnai Power Plant, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektr%C4%97nai_Power_Plant" title="Elektrėnai Power Plant">Elektrėnai Power Plant</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>150 m</td> <td></td> <td>330 kV</td> <td>dismantled </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lithuania</td> <td>Elektrenai</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.770110_N_24.646765_E_type:landmark&title=Elektr%C4%97nai+Power+Plant%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°46′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°38′48″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.770110°N 24.646765°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.770110; 24.646765</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Elektrėnai Power Plant, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektr%C4%97nai_Power_Plant" title="Elektrėnai Power Plant">Elektrėnai Power Plant</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>250 m</td> <td></td> <td>330 kV</td> <td>dismantled </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moldova</td> <td>Dnestrovsc</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=46.627864_N_29.939691_E_type:landmark&title=Cuciurgan+power+station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°37′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°56′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.627864°N 29.939691°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.627864; 29.939691</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cuciurgan power station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuciurgan_power_station" title="Cuciurgan power station">Cuciurgan power station</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1964</td> <td>110 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moldova</td> <td>Dnestrovsc</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=46.628880_N_29.939622_E_type:landmark&title=Cuciurgan+power+station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°37′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°56′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.628880°N 29.939622°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.628880; 29.939622</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cuciurgan power station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuciurgan_power_station" title="Cuciurgan power station">Cuciurgan power station</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1966</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Moldova</td> <td>Dnestrovsc</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=46.630199_N_29.939622_E_type:landmark&title=Cuciurgan+power+station%2C+Chimney+3"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°37′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">29°56′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.630199°N 29.939622°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.630199; 29.939622</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cuciurgan power station, Chimney 3</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuciurgan_power_station" title="Cuciurgan power station">Cuciurgan power station</a>, Chimney 3</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1971</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Archangelsk</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=64.574788_N_40.573261_E_type:landmark&title=Archangelsk+Cogeneration+Plant%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">64°34′29″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°34′24″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">64.574788°N 40.573261°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">64.574788; 40.573261</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Archangelsk Cogeneration Plant, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Archangelsk Cogeneration Plant, Chimney 1</td> <td>170 m</td> <td></td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Saint Petersburg</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=59.970595_N_30.376425_E_type:landmark&title=Vyborgskaya+Cogenaration+Plant%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">59°58′14″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°22′35″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">59.970595°N 30.376425°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">59.970595; 30.376425</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Vyborgskaya Cogenaration Plant, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Vyborgskaya Cogenaration Plant, Chimney 1</td> <td>120 m</td> <td></td> <td>110 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Tobolsk</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=58.245439_N_68.445224_E_type:landmark&title=Tobolsk+Cogeneration+Plant%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°14′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">68°26′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.245439°N 68.445224°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.245439; 68.445224</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tobolsk Cogeneration Plant, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TEC_Tobolsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TEC Tobolsk (page does not exist)">TEC Tobolsk</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>240 m</td> <td>1980</td> <td>110 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Tobolsk</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=58.245781_N_68.448590_E_type:landmark&title=Tobolsk+Cogeneration+Plant%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">58°14′45″N</span> <span class="longitude">68°26′55″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">58.245781°N 68.448590°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">58.245781; 68.448590</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Tobolsk Cogeneration Plant, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TEC_Tobolsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TEC Tobolsk (page does not exist)">TEC Tobolsk</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>270 m</td> <td>1986</td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Kashira</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=54.856639_N_38.256428_E_type:landmark&title=Kashira+Power+Plant%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°51′24″N</span> <span class="longitude">38°15′23″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.856639°N 38.256428°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.856639; 38.256428</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Kashira Power Plant, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kashira_Power_Plant" title="Kashira Power Plant">Kashira Power Plant</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1966</td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Energetik</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=51.753324_N_58.802583_E_type:landmark&title=Iriklinskaya+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">58°48′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.753324°N 58.802583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.753324; 58.802583</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 1</td> <td>180 m</td> <td></td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Energetik</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=51.753453_N_58.803983_E_type:landmark&title=Iriklinskaya+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">58°48′14″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.753453°N 58.803983°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.753453; 58.803983</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 2</td> <td>180 m</td> <td></td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Energetik</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=51.753483_N_58.806183_E_type:landmark&title=Iriklinskaya+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+3"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°45′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">58°48′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.753483°N 58.806183°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.753483; 58.806183</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 3</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Iriklinskaya Power Station, Chimney 3</td> <td>250 m</td> <td></td> <td>500 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Konakovo</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=56.739703_N_36.772833_E_type:landmark&title=Konakovo+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°44′23″N</span> <span class="longitude">36°46′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.739703°N 36.772833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.739703; 36.772833</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Konakovo Power Station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konakovo_Power_Station" title="Konakovo Power Station">Konakovo Power Station</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1964</td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Konakovo</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=56.740627_N_36.772308_E_type:landmark&title=Konakovo+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">56°44′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">36°46′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">56.740627°N 36.772308°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">56.740627; 36.772308</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Konakovo Power Station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Konakovo_Power_Station" title="Konakovo Power Station">Konakovo Power Station</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1966</td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russia</td> <td>Koryazhma</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=61.302456_N_47.120396_E_type:landmark&title=Chimney+1+of+Cogenaration+Plant+1+of+Kotlas+Pulp+and+Paper+Mill"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">61°18′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">47°07′13″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">61.302456°N 47.120396°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">61.302456; 47.120396</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Chimney 1 of Cogenaration Plant 1 of Kotlas Pulp and Paper Mill</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td>Chimney 1 of Cogenaration Plant 1 of Kotlas Pulp and Paper Mill</td> <td>105 m</td> <td>1961</td> <td>220 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Burshtyn</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=49.207578_N_24.667450_E_type:landmark&title=Burshtyn+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°12′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°40′03″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.207578°N 24.667450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.207578; 24.667450</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Burshtyn Power Station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burshtyn_TES" class="mw-redirect" title="Burshtyn TES">Burshtyn Power Station</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1965</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Burshtyn</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=49.208595_N_24.665921_E_type:landmark&title=Burshtyn+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°12′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°39′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.208595°N 24.665921°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.208595; 24.665921</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Burshtyn Power Station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burshtyn_TES" class="mw-redirect" title="Burshtyn TES">Burshtyn Power Station</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1966</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Burshtyn</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=49.209334_N_24.664918_E_type:landmark&title=Burshtyn+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+3"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°12′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">24°39′54″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.209334°N 24.664918°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.209334; 24.664918</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Burshtyn Power Station, Chimney 3</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Burshtyn_TES" class="mw-redirect" title="Burshtyn TES">Burshtyn Power Station</a>, Chimney 3</td> <td>250 m</td> <td>1966</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Trypillia</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=50.133591_N_30.747659_E_type:landmark&title=Trypillia+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+1"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°08′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°44′52″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.133591°N 30.747659°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.133591; 30.747659</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Trypillia Power Station, Chimney 1</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trypillia_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trypillia Power Station (page does not exist)">Trypillia Power Station</a>, Chimney 1</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1968</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ukraine</td> <td>Trypillia</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Chimney&params=50.133239_N_30.745553_E_type:landmark&title=Trypillia+Power+Station%2C+Chimney+2"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">50°08′00″N</span> <span class="longitude">30°44′44″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">50.133239°N 30.745553°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">50.133239; 30.745553</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Trypillia Power Station, Chimney 2</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trypillia_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trypillia Power Station (page does not exist)">Trypillia Power Station</a>, Chimney 2</td> <td>180 m</td> <td>1972</td> <td>330 kV</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nearly all this structures exist in an area, which was once part of the Soviet Union. Although this use has the disadvantage that conductor ropes may corrode faster due to the exhaust gases, one can find such structures also sometimes in countries not influenced by the former Soviet Union. An example herefore is one chimney of <a href="/wiki/Scholven_Power_Station" title="Scholven Power Station">Scholven Power Plant</a> in Gelsenkirchen, which carries one circuit of an outgoing 220 kV-line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimneys_used_as_water_tower">Chimneys used as water tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Chimneys used as water tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich(Westfalen).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A chimney with water tank in Lengerich, Germany. Most chimneys with water tank look similar"><img alt="A chimney with water tank in Lengerich, Germany. Most chimneys with water tank look similar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg/187px-Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg/281px-Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg/375px-Wasserbeh%C3%A4lterschornstein_Lengerich%28Westfalen%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A chimney with water tank in Lengerich, Germany. Most chimneys with water tank look similar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimney with water tower at Luitpold hospital in Würzburg, Germany"><img alt="Chimney with water tower at Luitpold hospital in Würzburg, Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG/187px-Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG/281px-Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG/375px-Kamin_Krankenhauswascherei_Wurzburg_22052014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="3520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chimney with water tower at Luitpold hospital in Würzburg, Germany</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Chimneys can also carry a water tank on their structure. This combination has the advantage that the warm smoke running through the chimney prevents the water in the tank from freezing. Before World War II such structures were not uncommon, especially in countries influenced by Germany. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimneys_used_as_radio_tower">Chimneys used as radio tower</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chimneys used as radio tower"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Antennas for FM-broadcasting on the chimney of Stuttgart-Münster power plant"><img alt="Antennas for FM-broadcasting on the chimney of Stuttgart-Münster power plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG/166px-Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG/250px-Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG/333px-Kamin_Kraftwerk_Stuttgart_Muenster_12052013_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2824" data-file-height="4236" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Antennas for FM-broadcasting on the chimney of Stuttgart-Münster power plant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_(2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chimney of Brunswick Central Cogeneration Plant with antennas for TV transmission in the box on the right just below its pinnacle"><img alt="Chimney of Brunswick Central Cogeneration Plant with antennas for TV transmission in the box on the right just below its pinnacle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg/166px-Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg/249px-Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg/332px-Heizkraftwerk_Braunschweig-Mitte_%282010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="2084" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chimney of Brunswick Central Cogeneration Plant with antennas for TV transmission in the box on the right just below its pinnacle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 285px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A chimney in Dannenberg converted in a radio tower and not useable as chimney any more."><img alt="A chimney in Dannenberg converted in a radio tower and not useable as chimney any more." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG/187px-Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG/281px-Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG/375px-Dannenberg_Chimney.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A chimney in Dannenberg converted in a radio tower and not useable as chimney any more.</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Chimneys can carry antennas for radio relay services, cell phone transmissions, FM-radio and TV on their structure. Also long wire antennas for mediumwave transmissions can be fixed at chimneys. In all cases it had to be considered that these objects can easily corrode especially when placed near the exhaust. Sometimes chimneys were converted into radio towers and are not useable as ventilation structure any more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chimneys_used_for_advertising">Chimneys used for advertising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chimneys used for advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As chimneys are often the tallest part of a factory, they offer the possibility as advertising billboard either by writing the name of the company to which they belong on the shaft or by installing advertisement boards on their structure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooling_tower_used_as_an_industrial_chimney">Cooling tower used as an industrial chimney</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cooling tower used as an industrial chimney"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At some power stations, which are equipped with plants for the removal of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">nitrogen oxides</a>, it is possible to use the <a href="/wiki/Cooling_tower" title="Cooling tower">cooling tower</a> as a chimney. Such cooling towers can be seen in Germany at the <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fkrotzenburg_Power_Station" title="Großkrotzenburg Power Station">Großkrotzenburg Power Station</a> and at the <a href="/wiki/Rostock_Power_Station" title="Rostock Power Station">Rostock Power Station</a>. At power stations that are not equipped for removing sulfur dioxide, such usage of cooling towers could result in serious corrosion problems which are not easy to prevent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chimenea" title="Chimenea">Chimenea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney_(locomotive)" title="Chimney (locomotive)">Chimney (locomotive)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowl_(chimney)" title="Cowl (chimney)">Cowl (chimney)</a> - Includes image of referenced H-style cap/cowl</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flue-gas_stack" title="Flue-gas stack">Flue-gas stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnel_(ship)" title="Funnel (ship)">Funnel (ship)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_chimneys" title="List of tallest chimneys">List of tallest chimneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silos_%26_Smokestacks_National_Heritage_Area" title="Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area">Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_chimney" title="Solar chimney">Solar chimney</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hundredpeaks.org/signatures/24h.htm">C.F. Saunders (1923), <i>The Southern Sierras of California</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.literature.org/authors/verne-jules/around-the-world-in-eighty-days/chapter-26.html">"Jules Verne (1872), <i>Around the World in Eighty Days</i>"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotwater.com/lit/bulletin/187010-000.pdf">"Field Installation of Draft Hoods"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. A.O. Smith Water Products Company. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Field+Installation+of+Draft+Hoods&rft.pub=A.O.+Smith+Water+Products+Company&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotwater.com%2Flit%2Fbulletin%2F187010-000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChimney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Draft_Hoods_on_Gas_Heaters.php">"Guide to Draft Hoods on Gas Fired Heating Equipment"</a>. InspectApedia.com. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Draft+Hoods+on+Gas+Fired+Heating+Equipment&rft.pub=InspectApedia.com&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finspectapedia.com%2Fheat%2FDraft_Hoods_on_Gas_Heaters.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChimney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuben_Saltzman2013" class="citation web cs1">Reuben Saltzman (September 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://structuretech1.com/water-heater-backdrafting-signs/">"Water Heater Backdrafting, Part 1 of 2: Why it Matters and What to Look For"</a>. Structure Tech<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Water+Heater+Backdrafting%2C+Part+1+of+2%3A+Why+it+Matters+and+What+to+Look+For&rft.pub=Structure+Tech&rft.date=2013-09-24&rft.au=Reuben+Saltzman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstructuretech1.com%2Fwater-heater-backdrafting-signs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChimney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charmedchimney.com/chimney-service-faqs.php">Chimney Problems and Warnings Signs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highschimney.com/chimney-airflow-problems/">"Chimney Airflow Problems"</a>. 8 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chimney+Airflow+Problems&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highschimney.com%2Fchimney-airflow-problems%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChimney" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chimney&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chimneys" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chimneys">Chimneys</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/chimney" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/chimney">chimney</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>Map all coordinates using</b> <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Chimney">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> <p><b>Download coordinates as:</b> </p> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Chimney">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Chimney">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Chimney">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Chimney">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cicind.org/">CICIND - International Committee on Industrial Chimneys</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csia.org/">Chimney Safety Institute of America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060313023347/http://www.kongres.elektra.ru/FOTO/10.jpg">Power Station Konakovskaya GRES</a>, at which chimneys serve as electricity pylons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myworkman.co.uk/articles/chimney_breast_removal.php">Article about chimney breast removal</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616115440/http://www.usinspect.com/resources-for-you/advisory-report-archives/2003-archives/chimney-maintenance">Chimney Maintenance Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eca-europe.org/">European Chimney Association ECA; to find further information on chimneys</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nace.org.uk/">National Association of Chimney Engineers; UK trade association for the chimney engineering industry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?buildingID=2604,94401,94399,94400,37060,37061,107287,107285,107286,104953,104954,101756,147787,147788,147789,147780,147779,147792,147790,151419,76979,76980,76978,14679,14948">Collection</a> of chimneys used as electricity pylons on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyscraperpage.com/">Skyscraperpage.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Supertall_chimneys" title="Template:Supertall chimneys"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Supertall_chimneys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Supertall chimneys (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supertall_chimneys" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supertall chimneys"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supertall_self-supporting_chimneys_(+300_meters_in_height)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supertall" class="mw-redirect" title="Supertall">Supertall</a> self-supporting <a class="mw-selflink selflink">chimneys</a> (+300 meters in height)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Power_Plant" title="Armstrong Power Plant">Armstrong Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_Thermal_Power_Plant" title="Azerbaijan Thermal Power Plant">Azerbaijan Thermal Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w_Power_Station" title="Bełchatów Power Station">Bełchatów Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beryozovskaya_GRES" title="Beryozovskaya GRES">Berezovskaya GRES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishkek_TEC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bishkek TEC (page does not exist)">Bishkek TEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxberg_Power_Station" title="Boxberg Power Station">Boxberg Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buschhaus_Power_Station" title="Buschhaus Power Station">Buschhaus Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Power_Plant" title="Cardinal Power Plant">Cardinal Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chvaletice_Power_Station" title="Chvaletice Power Station">Chvaletice Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifty_Creek_Power_Plant" title="Clifty Creek Power Plant">Clifty Creek Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conemaugh_Generating_Station" title="Conemaugh Generating Station">Conemaugh Generating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuciurgan_power_station" title="Cuciurgan power station">Cuciurgan power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Fossil_Plant" title="Cumberland Fossil Plant">Cumberland Fossil Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duvha_Power_Station" title="Duvha Power Station">Duvha Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekibastuz_GRES-1" title="Ekibastuz GRES-1">Ekibastuz GRES-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endesa_Termic" title="Endesa Termic">Endesa Termic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRES-2_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="GRES-2 Power Station">GRES-2 Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gusinoozyorskaya_GRES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gusinoozyorskaya GRES (page does not exist)">Gusinoozyorskaya GRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_B._Wansley_Power_Plant" title="Hal B. Wansley Power Plant">Hal B. Wansley Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harllee_Branch_Power_Plant" title="Harllee Branch Power Plant">Harllee Branch Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Power_Station_Scrubber" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Power Station Scrubber">Harrison Power Station Scrubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Power_Station" title="Harrison Power Station">Harrison Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Smelter" title="Hayden Smelter">Hayden Smelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HKW_Chemnitz-Nord" title="HKW Chemnitz-Nord">HKW Chemnitz-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_City_Generating_Station" title="Homer City Generating Station">Homer City Generating Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inco_Superstack" title="Inco Superstack">Inco Superstack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Power_Plant" title="Independence Power Plant">Independence Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4nschwalde_Power_Station" title="Jänschwalde Power Station">Jänschwalde Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaworzno_Power_Station" title="Jaworzno Power Station">Jaworzno Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_power_station_Kakanj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal power station Kakanj (page does not exist)">Thermal power station Kakanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerk%C3%B6y_power_station" title="Kemerköy power station">Kemerköy power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennecott_Smokestack" class="mw-redirect" title="Kennecott Smokestack">Kennecott Smokestack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Fossil_Plant" title="Kingston Fossil Plant">Kingston Fossil Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirishi_Power_Station" title="Kirishi Power Station">Kirishi Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostromskaya_Power_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostromskaya Power Station">Kostromskaya Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozienice_Power_Station" title="Kozienice Power Station">Kozienice Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyger_Creek_Power_Plant" title="Kyger Creek Power Plant">Kyger Creek Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippendorf_Power_Station" title="Lippendorf Power Station">Lippendorf Power Station</a> (chimney dismantled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritsa_Iztok_Complex" title="Maritsa Iztok Complex">Maritsa Iztok-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl-Chemiepark_Power_Station" title="Marl-Chemiepark Power Station">Marl-Chemiepark Power Station</a> (dismantled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Power_Plant" title="Mitchell Power Plant">Mitchell Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountaineer_Power_Plant" title="Mountaineer Power Plant">Mountaineer Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaky_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Novaky Power Plant">Novaky Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novo-Angrenskaya_Power_Plant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novo-Angrenskaya Power Plant (page does not exist)">Novo-Angrenskaya Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orot_Rabin" title="Orot Rabin">Orot Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Permskaya_GRES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Permskaya GRES (page does not exist)">Permskaya GRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Copper_Smelter" title="Phoenix Copper Smelter">Phoenix Copper Smelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirdop_copper_smelter_and_refinery" title="Pirdop copper smelter and refinery">Pirdop copper smelter and refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_Bowen_Coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant Bowen Coal">Plant Bowen Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasants_Power_Station" title="Pleasants Power Station">Pleasants Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plomin_Power_Station" title="Plomin Power Station">Plomin Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Primorskaya_GRES&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Primorskaya GRES (page does not exist)">Primorskaya GRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provence_Power_Station" title="Provence Power Station">Provence Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prun%C3%A9%C5%99ov_Power_Station" title="Prunéřov Power Station">Prunéřov Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reftinskaya_GRES" title="Reftinskaya GRES">Reftinskaya GRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_W_Scherer_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert W Scherer Power Plant">Robert W Scherer Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockport_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockport Power Plant">Rockport Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romag-Termo_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Romag-Termo Power Plant">Romag-Termo Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Power_Station" title="Ryazan Power Station">Ryazan Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybnik_Power_Station" title="Rybnik Power Station">Rybnik Power Station</a></li> <li>Chimney for Units B-E of <a href="/wiki/Scholven_Power_Station" title="Scholven Power Station">Scholven Power Station</a> (also used as <a href="/wiki/Electricity_pylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity pylon">electricity pylon</a>)</li> <li>Chimney for Units F-H of <a href="/wiki/Scholven_Power_Station" title="Scholven Power Station">Scholven Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secunda_CTL" title="Secunda CTL">Secunda CTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAG_Power_Plant_Herne" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAG Power Plant Herne">STEAG Power Plant Herne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEAG_Power_Plant_Walsum" class="mw-redirect" title="STEAG Power Plant Walsum">STEAG Power Plant Walsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrdarya_Power_Plant" title="Syrdarya Power Plant">Syrdarya Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teruel_Power_Plant" title="Teruel Power Plant">Teruel Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharkiv_TEC-5" title="Kharkiv TEC-5">Kharkiv TEC-5</a> (ceased operation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thierbach_Power_Station" title="Thierbach Power Station">Thierbach Power Station</a> (dismantled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trep%C3%A7a_Lead_Smelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Trepça Lead Smelter">Trepça Lead Smelter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trbovlje_Power_Station" title="Trbovlje Power Station">Trbovlje Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Troitskaya_TEC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Troitskaya TEC (page does not exist)">Troitskaya TEC</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tu%C5%A1imice_Power_Station" title="Tušimice Power Station">Tušimice Power Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugljevik_Power_Plant" title="Ugljevik Power Plant">Ugljevik Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojany_Power_Station" title="Vojany Power Station">Vojany Power Station</a> (height reduced)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volzhskaya_TEC-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volzhskaya TEC-2 (page does not exist)">Volzhskaya TEC-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vuhlehirska_Power_Station" title="Vuhlehirska Power Station">Vuhlehirska TES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaw%C4%99czyn_Heat_Plant" title="Kawęczyn Heat Plant">Kawęczyn Heat Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerholt_Power_Station" title="Westerholt Power Station">Westerholt Power Station</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._H._Sammis_Power_Plant" title="W. H. Sammis Power Plant">W. H. Sammis Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Bluff_Power_Plant" title="White Bluff Power Plant">White Bluff Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widows_Creek_Fossil_Plant" title="Widows Creek Fossil Plant">Widows Creek Fossil Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_thermal_power_station" title="Zaporizhzhia thermal power station">Zaporizhzhia thermal power station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuevska_thermal_power_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuevska thermal power station">Zuevska TES</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Room" title="Template:Room"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Room" title="Template talk:Room"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Room" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Room"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Room" title="Room">Rooms</a> and spaces of a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_area" title="Common area">Shared rooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_room" title="Bonus room">Bonus room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_room" title="Common room">Common room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(room)" title="Den (room)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_room" title="Family room">Family room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_room" title="Great room">Great room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">Kitchen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_kitchen" title="Dirty kitchen">dirty kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchenette" title="Kitchenette">kitchenette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">Living room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaeceum" title="Gynaeceum">Gynaeceum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andron_(architecture)" title="Andron (architecture)">Andron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_cave" title="Man cave">man cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_room" title="Recreation room">Recreation room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">Sunroom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_(room)" title="Toilet (room)">toilet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</a> / Guest room <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">closet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">Bedsit / Miniflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir" title="Boudoir">Boudoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(room)" title="Cabinet (room)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursery_(room)" title="Nursery (room)">Nursery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">Atrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezeway" title="Breezeway">Breezeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_pit" title="Conversation pit">Conversation pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubby-hole" title="Cubby-hole">Cubby-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter" title="Dumbwaiter">dumbwaiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryway" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryway">Entryway</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">Genkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobby_(room)" title="Lobby (room)">Foyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall" title="Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallway" title="Hallway">Hallway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglenook" title="Inglenook">Inglenook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanai_(architecture)" title="Lanai (architecture)">Lanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">Loft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)" title="Overhang (architecture)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">Patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">Porch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screened_porch" title="Screened porch">screened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_porch" title="Sleeping porch">sleeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_ramp" title="Wheelchair ramp">Ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairs" title="Stairs">Stairs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staircase" title="Staircase">Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(building)" title="Terrace (building)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">Veranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">Vestibule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical room">Technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">utility</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carport" title="Carport">Carport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloakroom" title="Cloakroom">Cloakroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">Closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawl_space" title="Crawl space">Crawl space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_room" title="Electrical room">Electrical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_room" title="Equipment room">Equipment room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace room">Furnace room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_(residential)" title="Garage (residential)">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janitorial_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitorial closet">Janitorial closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larder" title="Larder">Larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_room" title="Laundry room">Laundry room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">Utility room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">Storage room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_floor" title="Mechanical floor">floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantry" title="Pantry">Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">Safe room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe" title="Wardrobe">Wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiring_closet" title="Wiring closet">Wiring closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">Great house</a> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">Antechamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom" title="Ballroom">Ballroom</a></li> <li>Kitchen-related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butler%27s_pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Butler's pantry">butler's pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttery_(room)" title="Buttery (room)">buttery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucery" title="Saucery">saucery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullery" title="Scullery">scullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicery" title="Spicery">spicery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_room" title="Still room">still room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_(greenhouse)" title="Conservatory (greenhouse)">Conservatory</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_chamber" title="Great chamber">Great chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">Great hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber_room" title="Lumber room">Lumber room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlour" title="Parlour">Parlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_hall" title="Servants' hall">Servants' hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_quarters" title="Servants' quarters">Servants' quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_room" title="Smoking room">Smoking room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_(room)" title="Solar (room)">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">State room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercroft" title="Undercroft">Undercroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_compartment" title="Hidden compartment">Hidden room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_plan" title="House plan">house plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_styles" title="List of house styles">styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-family_residential" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-family residential">Multi-family residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_suite" title="Secondary suite">Secondary suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">Duplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">Terraced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">Semi-detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_apartment" title="Studio apartment">Studio apartment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architectural</a><br />elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconet" title="Balconet">Balconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">Baluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_course" title="Belt course">Belt course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressummer" title="Bressummer">Bressummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiling" title="Ceiling">Ceiling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">Portico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">Cornice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ell_(architecture)" title="Ell (architecture)">Ell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor" title="Floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate" title="Gate">Gate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">Portal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_lantern" title="Roof lantern">Roof lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sill_plate" title="Sill plate">Sill plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(architecture)" title="Threshold (architecture)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transom_(architecture)" title="Transom (architecture)">Transom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">Window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_yard" title="Front yard">Front yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_improvement" title="Home improvement">Home improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_repair" title="Home repair">Home repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_house" title="Tree house">Tree house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rooms" title="Category:Rooms">Category: Rooms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Roofs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roofs" title="Template:Roofs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roofs" title="Template talk:Roofs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roofs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roofs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Roofs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roofs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_roof_shapes" title="List of roof shapes">Roof shapes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arched_roof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arched roof (page does not exist)">Arched roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_roof" title="Barrel roof">Barrel roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_roof" title="Board roof">Board roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochka_roof" title="Bochka roof">Bochka roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bow_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow roof">Bow roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_roof" title="Butterfly roof">Butterfly roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerestory" title="Clerestory">Clerestory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_roof" title="Conical roof">Conical roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_roof" title="Flat roof">Flat roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable_roof" title="Gable roof">Gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gablet_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Gablet roof">Gablet roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrel" title="Gambrel">Gambrel roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-hipped_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Half-hipped roof">Half-hipped roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">Hip roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_dome" title="Onion dome">Onion dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansard_roof" title="Mansard roof">Mansard roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavilion roof">Pavilion roof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhombic_roof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhombic roof (page does not exist)">Rhombic roof</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ridged_roof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ridged roof (page does not exist)">Ridged roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddle_roof" title="Saddle roof">Saddle roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw-tooth_roof" title="Saw-tooth roof">Sawtooth roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-pitched_roof" class="mw-redirect" title="Mono-pitched roof">Shed roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tented_roof" title="Tented roof">Tented roof</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steekdak.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross-gabled roof"><img alt="Cross-gabled roof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/50px-Steekdak.PNG" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/75px-Steekdak.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Steekdak.PNG/100px-Steekdak.PNG 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roof elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">Air conditioning unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed_roof" title="Shed roof">Catslide</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_beam" title="Collar beam">Collar beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormer" title="Dormer">Dormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flashing_(weatherproofing)" title="Flashing (weatherproofing)">Flashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_roof" title="Green roof">Green roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_gutter" title="Rain gutter">Gutter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanging_beam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanging beam (page does not exist)">Hanging beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joist" title="Joist">Joist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_rod" title="Lightning rod">Lightning rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">Loft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purlin" title="Purlin">Purlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafter" title="Rafter">Rafter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridge_vent" title="Ridge vent">Ridge vent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roof_batten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roof batten (page does not exist)">Roof batten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">Roof garden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roofline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roofline (page does not exist)">Roofline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roof ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roof_sheeting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roof sheeting (page does not exist)">Roof sheeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_tiles" title="Roof tiles">Roof tiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timber_roof_truss" title="Timber roof truss">Roof truss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_window" title="Roof window">Roof window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soffit" title="Soffit">Soffit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">Solar panels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">Spire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_vane" title="Weather vane">Weathervane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_brace" title="Wind brace">Wind brace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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