CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f3770817a132',cH: 'U9YS14OijCm8lBrjAsGBeC5IcwIYXQQW3j4NGne8XI0-1739786643-1.2.1.1-DeJp3SlMGMNTraeTZuD.hYUBIhrcCbOWuLWBEFh.M88ZHa2ZJl5MFIb123W56R9s',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=gas%20safety&__cf_chl_tk=SeGSLIPMNit5i5ymbFXe0Ckl8uIBqo46azh1W8hOwfA-1739786643-1.0.1.1-pAleTALCBWaUUIfjvOs25XBbBKdqlSartChy2gANE8M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786643',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=gas%20safety&__cf_chl_f_tk=SeGSLIPMNit5i5ymbFXe0Ckl8uIBqo46azh1W8hOwfA-1739786643-1.0.1.1-pAleTALCBWaUUIfjvOs25XBbBKdqlSartChy2gANE8M",md: "2_or0rsIuC2ecifuMnGuRUCZivJcHke5qQuQFPm6u6s-1739786643-1.2.1.1-PkEUdpMCABa8jeGpsDTXrt2StFkmo5Cdlc5vkOLXIDooDsijwZO1phOFfxVNhshNRZ3BJSJEZNTxNdGT6AtAFSPmvbo0jktCgyULslz0EFl1roTu9mnb8e1dDWHFx1kLK6ZKwQjUoh.w_ELiEy.yAN2JRwWfNOLmQZ4qQR.qwrFPffTFS7m2mjSKajKa.SNDKOtYk2pG.PUA4ifxS9xK7AfI3S99w4njilyqZyhzi4OomLIDiByhEPBbcX6C7phcc9xZs.S7C1uwHFAPyqUh5rg9qguQfifuZUpAXf8EC3QWqw28IN.50vkEO0KXrJ223LyuopNwXwqG04ZK4DxCmXGspoNL2ekmiF.mLFLRrfRHPytQ7YHvlmQe_QVVyRhSZnJFIykUf.v3XEdtCO2w6zjZF1zqT0tZ80nbpPdRRbVwSqNTtB64na3OpBCbqbXwYuuBCMZqzUHqGmWgsZZy1fQvu6J7yTLfy59SY1RnlfDzyvvsY0K9t3PfhlzrIPjeDV.F8kD2p5dO9UBi9T4oml77gXer4lwAq713KWjXRvZtWvXdq2aemeKKWb5pMudyGV.145EwhLwIEH3KKbsx5teA5sHBmK0sKna9eOnfKOZ9veCaEVzCpjdP0kkKNz_V6OROrdbINZOYIqhr8VUBiXcm3W2rOj9YsYRebRkFi.G7VVjmnU8aSR5Z4AJG8ypLrDuxcmsVwG_Zjoakz2mj2i.UkX6BHUKxdLmKrF1aHuT4JWt_asdmI1w.wf32CoGNFTcMNpcVEp8Swq_T8wqLxvwvekxJ3tww9L.7j5tuzeXDLKCH98dn.k4dH8h_uPU4nQBzYOB2QHDksX9FCLzbrKwvp5L0frR8qVEu2ho_fN5XjoYPBYz9UT0XtdhYMEJI1G0jFXp31tKNr_55mDf87K05oBSuaqesyeRASHM1JkQN5H3dvyncLjciLuubHdocjzuoOOrMjMnwq_3aRJdAxpagy1kP3LXp.dsSzlSbvZ9m2.qEoKBr8yZtr5qY4axJVjTJ0UclcpDIRvoDvObHKqYALfBL.RiRKNabIZXqcGUWL5gXBQR49t1JFWWHzDOX8WckbCLCGVaLoUwIO0zKnP1zEYBwd0g3.W2Epen9AGx.W75LaPzD.qKdLJSaTVR5uH6Q0J6q738Ro1m5OtIjuTuPeT8nbFmqeUrDT4AVq_FrfRBBdVcJwvADE1Knpzgj81wxFo6bsWNFIwt6iiUfCiKJKYmNCy1pPN4SQ5lq9NNU_d.Cls2HDSCp8hYuB6fammJ2HMHtGMJysuZ7fG_IaqEDayZhT7KMxaupHkhYTggg4c1lDV6P09fRLx9vhmVgmhywIwEa2jjowKYNyX_VQ.BPIZMiB5wBSkRMIWpCZ.K6vHA3QrlaV7vkXO9sQT481EdQBKnisOkxm0qVx8AgpNZdFHwkr_p9mxw6QBWNiVavpxSSeClFWRSgqeoh0R2532W8i_bPP8UTo7qqQdKJm5YkLL69S9UVTxf05i8OahnqwJ5dxnmhBLgto.KW56IV_sdyFdD8SNMZ0L_tm9MeMtkxlMd2obeB5eAJzevT2zs.sEmFtvu23mj7IvefB12MZoaC_5FrHO3CnXl621slS2BWSUuzPjgtdsAYsjrE3YJQ5bU_ma61Q210pOti2gTTIOHdXyVMynOxWa88.Dup3xyjNjODXn2JTM0A5QW6304nvfOv0qopQG3vktfSNE7osWB5kW84RIT_z5Qzwyav4w7kM0N5WOhG.iHCi_o48mHdyC15YMhHTWXMH_wf9XrkJH_cxC0kLWHZXbBjnV_gBwE8HkExOoA29OD.NDOb.AH77qQMnZ0szViEWHZdUTRbRa4YvW5WGef5Mblj93lEmm.NtU0oLey3nujH1m24rPm3dI_Zfon7zn6Prx31R_a7XZhYrJudR0Yn2Xqr28kTmg",mdrd: "r3A_9sClXXfbSDji56R6N7PQVmnExZBSBq_m__qiv5A-1739786643-1.2.1.1-Ag0NRKz2.lQc7EVzuoIGEn9Wa6fDigt_Buu68NtrmbwUvUab4dMgd9cAXdWkZm_zoZawX9IfZbN20bcp2BjHVqNf2TRfK4OL9WFeW7VHru_RZkDdj1h1HSnAsSaBXb.EVVtHjaaT7ClnUJJ4MiHQRNDS5ZItn3nvlXaddsQXhtth4ZfQnQUuZrmeMybWOIil8Qb3XWgWI83toZRwyb3uG8_aEkr6kBWmZba_GA8ZQpKl18vSmzYj.p8ZYstOWEq6HP4zWKZq_wqSVg5xNIEUqJljpRvN52ulSydzWIexSWilH0zalHoB1sn1NFsJgZPIjALnpKvrijVhX8o8qJidHK.mukQTOkTGRyb2Y8qQvm1w_STso1ouUITGKarJ9cOQO5aAyAGYrDys1ekKj6KJe5pKr6A_i8_y2NByjsWkPOi4HYOh1W_B4B_11N4nGaKiQxGmpkM63J3F10CsW_1mogHOVbBnNpsYtTZFvCzYoxguN6aaYUMeJTJVynz4wOYnHHSvgGRoCUu8om4Juf..RzVzLMhczuwOV1H4Tnmnu4HqiXJjVJ5Vh.gfiDT2JXBRoN.iXKF6iWQtdh_NjUxMYGei3h1r4l6NF5lVYdvjL.ECpApXZq_sMTAGzPCJ0mQwmaTlVF7QfgBa5Wjqy2KHzZ8AMA_EEKzE47e7wdnYOTzkZyTWv4o2qaNGTTNDdZTUlX_GjZhf24Hg4.EJ6Z5uCF85VaccEBnCEppnp7_2.XXG0Qbr4eIdZJeOUDEWF9f0i3LrXGqofBdZmB3yBN07_0Gn9LSIeHu6Qf5sMQeDlbRMFUjR5ONyZ1Y1GO35ZpIsOv6o__vQKNsyOvSWiVUPqI2ioM3Cn6dN_5P8GREHDX85Tt4OX0B6B0WvFSXk8o.0H50VcH06ZGPgmFOWM80XL7goSrqfJi1L3b1wWVK9cwrhUBHZ55CqaLwG2ZZ2JZ4VofHLOtG44pNHi1d5f8VP2_c5mBeuJN1iuhwScOijryBa_krrr5nj7Fv7HeoWzQj.ja5Y9u667iUAdDgWey4PPlktvkYYyR2WWWhbPQkD85xI3poQBrXkKOCIA7Vwov86377PnnJZSduGBQIxFN4HBChXBnACPTuEyIwHjJFU_MY4G43lNEl5aXN.cFPPpSp7LOdplbEGFEBX_sEwNO2rI0rlV37cmbkQfrfUFYSWBXXj278_p5IIwUwzm8NvXTBBlUXY289PTVIyYMwSSAFOrS7bxPaDYLNyDSPWFEdAxIFY9zN3315ZeLZUkAmNZzLmWwzikHTQZPGWKnSDDiI2m1H4YubwFk_TDpdM3gjAf1J_HG4vcvRX7FzTG0QVKe.CQ9qgDH.pyAMA2.vBPXoU.SVItNnAqXVDWS4G7t4XwigpfbD1TerbdPWdRgvJvNZtGelByOSNnodLnx5tzovufl6cebDJY9_IQ6P4Vgr02ZElNdgbDlbVSpyyzOhKR747jEYrqD21kkNiRBNnsrZvcdwoXncvMXd3i.Id0fllRfZDYpt4cl2l2WKmciqB1B.lWlzCidZpuXuCBTRLrOhEa6X47WO4CE7NQ5LJqHFBn8Znj52ogyTm8hc7NBKFEhjOUpHSU1W17.G8kZ__V9ah6GnwXdUt8QItIbKN..vB6JJHnhG5Up0wSefZRQktIIn3MCh7N2a4RoPkB6wqhpybkriYlF4nmXsYWBkSnZlk1_pdWHdpfNJ9RvWnHXKOPOFimysdVxClr8z_e3cJoU4Fj3ke0qq00d2v6w7RTde04ZxtOOr4yh4YMKLZWDF32ftcl6JDYGaAqI4TIFhWbYU0yNvPhZ9NSco5lZh1AsP713NYDECZupeJH.7mA7TP1v1RgFKv5TZ3jNpUvHY3e4mnZfjEAwUZ6nYNK8fIl.rXSJRK1qvw7p52myJwxBY5r1b1HA3qljuB9IhHm01EZH0Ix1E9QL7_TEE79Np9MkMA0BHJjCOl_X4PntmiDLQcP42V"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f3770817a132';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=gas%20safety&__cf_chl_rt_tk=SeGSLIPMNit5i5ymbFXe0Ckl8uIBqo46azh1W8hOwfA-1739786643-1.0.1.1-pAleTALCBWaUUIfjvOs25XBbBKdqlSartChy2gANE8M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>