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Srinivas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Individuals with underlying rheumatologic diseases such as dermatomyositis may not adequately respond to tuberculin (PPD) skin tests, creating false negative results. These illnesses are frequently treated with immunosuppressive therapy making proper identification of TB infection imperative. A 59-year-old Filipino man was diagnosed with dermatomyositis on the basis of rash, electromyography, and muscle biopsy. He was initially treated with IVIG infusions and transitioned to oral prednisone and mycophenolate. The patient’s symptoms improved on this regimen. Six months after starting mycophenolate, the patient began having fevers, night sweats, and productive cough without hemoptysis. He moved from the Philippines 5 years prior to dermatomyositis diagnosis, denied sick contacts, and was PPD negative both at immigration and immediately prior to starting mycophenolate treatment. A third PPD was negative following the onset of these new symptoms. He was treated for community-acquired pneumonia, but symptoms worsened over 10 days and he developed watery diarrhea and a growing non-tender, non-mobile mass on the left side of his neck. A chest x-ray demonstrated a cavitary lesion in right upper lobe suspicious for TB that had not been present one month earlier. Chest CT corroborated this finding also exhibiting necrotic hilar and paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Neck CT demonstrated the left-sided mass as cervical chain lymphadenopathy. Expectorated sputum and stool samples contained acid-fast bacilli (AFB), cultures showing TB bacteria. Fine-needle biopsy of the neck mass (scrofula) also exhibited AFB. An MRI brain showed nodular enhancement suspected to be a tuberculoma. Mycophenolate was discontinued and dermatomyositis treatment was switched to oral prednisone with a 3-day course of IVIG. The patient’s infection showed sensitivity to standard RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) treatment. Within a week of starting RIPE, the patient’s diarrhea subsided, scrofula diminished, and symptoms significantly improved. By the end of treatment week 3, the patient’s sputum no longer contained AFB; he was removed from isolation, and was discharged to continue RIPE at home. He was discharged on oral prednisone, which effectively addressed his dermatomyositis. This case illustrates the unreliability of PPD tests in patients with long-term inflammatory diseases such as dermatomyositis. Other immunosuppressive therapies (adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab) have been affiliated with conversion of latent TB to disseminated TB. Mycophenolate is another immunosuppressive agent with similar mechanistic properties. Thus, it is imperative that patients with long-term inflammatory diseases and high-risk TB factors initiating immunosuppressive therapy receive a TB blood test (such as a quantiferon gold assay) prior to the initiation of therapy to ensure that latent TB is unmasked before it can evolve into a disseminated form of the disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatomyositis" title="dermatomyositis">dermatomyositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressant%20medications" title=" immunosuppressant medications"> immunosuppressant medications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycophenolate" title=" mycophenolate"> mycophenolate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disseminated%20tuberculosis" title=" disseminated tuberculosis"> disseminated tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44264/mycophenolate-induced-disseminated-tb-in-a-ppd-negative-patient" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Role of HLA Typing in Celiac Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meriche%20Hacene">Meriche Hacene</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten found in wheat or oats or rye. Celiac disease is associated with the HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 susceptibility alleles. This association with the HLA DQ2/DQ8 molecules confirmed the responsibility of genetic factors that intervene in the triggering of the autoimmune process of this condition. Objective: To evaluate the results of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 typing of 40 patients suspected of having CD by PCR-SSP (Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Specific Primers). Material and method : 40 patients suspected of celiac disease with IgA transglutaminase serology (-) and duodenal biopsy (+). HLADR/DQ PCR-SSP (fluogen-innotrain) typing was carried out. Results : The average age of adults was 40 years, children: 4 years, the sex ratio was 1M/3F. In our patients the HLA DQ2 allele is found with a frequency of 75%, the DQ8 with a frequency of 25%, 17.5% were HLA-DQ2 homozygous and 15% were HLADQ2/HLADQ8. In our series, HLADQ2, DQ8 are found in almost all patients with a frequency of 95%. 30% of patients in our study had associated positivity of HLA-DRB3, DRB4 or DRB5 alleles. Conclusion : A high prevalence of positivity of HLADQ2 alleles at the expense of HLA DQ8 was found, which is consistent with literature data. These molecules constitute an additional marker for screening and diagnosis of CD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA%20typing" title="HLA typing">HLA typing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coeliac%20disease" title=" coeliac disease"> coeliac disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA%20DQ%202" title=" HLA DQ 2"> HLA DQ 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLA%20DQ8" title=" HLA DQ8"> HLA DQ8</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172617/role-of-hla-typing-in-celiac-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Histopathological and Microbiological Studies on Subclinical Endometritis in Repeat Breeder Cow</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Akoz">Mehmet Akoz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study the clinical, mikrobiological and histopathological diagnoses of subclinic and nonspecific endometritis resulting in repeat breeder. Total of 36 cows, aging between 3-9 years having normal oestrous cycles with no pregnancy following at least 3 unsuccesful inseminations, were used. Biopsy specimens for histopathological and swab for bacteri microbiological cultures were obtanied from endometrium of repeat breeders showing no macroskopic evidence of any defectiveness of genital organs and based on anamneses. Eleven out of 36 cows have positive bacteriological results. While 19 cows have varying degrees of and endometritis, the other 17 cows did not have any pathologic lesions. A total of 19 biopsies in 4 of the I. degree in endometritis, 9 of them II. degree endometritis and 6 were also III. degree endometritis was evaluated. In the majority of cows by the histopathological evaluation results (78.9%) monitored by the second and third-degree endometritis shape, in 83.3% of the isolated microorganisms were identified similar results. Histopathological and microbiological evaluation, along with clinical examination are important for the diagnoses and treatment of repeat breeders, having no resistance with well dissipation to endometrium rifaximina foam formulation was found to be more effective than PGF2α. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repeat%20breeder" title="repeat breeder">repeat breeder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dairy%20cattle" title=" dairy cattle"> dairy cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histopathology" title=" histopathology"> histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGF2%CE%B1" title=" PGF2α"> PGF2α</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rifaximina" title=" rifaximina"> rifaximina</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47892/histopathological-and-microbiological-studies-on-subclinical-endometritis-in-repeat-breeder-cow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Idiopathic Gingival Fibromatosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bandana%20Koirala">Bandana Koirala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivalal%20Sharma"> Shivalal Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Gingival enlargements are quite common and may be either inflammatory, non-inflammatory or a combination of both. Idiopathic gingival enlargement is a rare condition with a proliferative fibrous lesion of the gingival tissue that causes esthetic and functional problems. It is of undetermined etiology. Case Description: This case report addresses the diagnosis and treatment of a case of idiopathic gingival enlargement in a 9-year-old male patient. The patient presented with a generalized diffuse gingival enlargement involving the entire maxillary and the mandibular arch with extension on occlusal, buccal, lingual, and palatal surfaces with just parts of occlusal surfaces of few upper and lower molars visible resulting in open mouth, difficulty in mastication and speech. Biopsy report confirmed the diagnosis of fibromatosis gingivae. Gingivectomy was carried out in all four quadrants by using external bevel incision. Conclusion: Though total esthetics could not be restored due to unusual bony enlargement, the general appearance improved satisfactorily. Treatment after complete excision however, improved the masticatory competence to a great extent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idiopathic%20gingival%20fibromatosis" title="idiopathic gingival fibromatosis">idiopathic gingival fibromatosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gingival%20enlargement" title=" gingival enlargement"> gingival enlargement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gingivectomy" title=" gingivectomy"> gingivectomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20and%20health%20sciences" title=" medical and health sciences"> medical and health sciences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14862/idiopathic-gingival-fibromatosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Macroscopic Evaluation of the Effect of Low-Level Laser and Plasma Jet on Wound Healing in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Tabarsi">Zahra Tabarsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Marjani"> Mehdi Marjani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alireza%20Najafpour"> Alireza Najafpour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alborz%20Mirzade"> Alborz Mirzade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the macroscopic effect of low level laser and plasma jet for wound healing in rats. The study was performed on 40 old male white rats with an average weight of 250 g and an average age of the same age. After preparing the rats from Ibn Sina Research Institute, they were kept the same for one week under environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and light, and nutrition such as the type of diet and the number of meals. Then, to start the research, rats were randomly divided into two groups (A): laser treatment of wounds, group (B): plasma wound treatment. All rats were inhibited 4 hours before each anesthesia under conditions of abstinence and up to 2 hours after drinking water. Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine 10% and xylazine 2%.After scrubbing between two shoulders of each rat, a circular wound was created by sterile 5 mm biopsy puncture. Group A rats were treated with low level laser in three sessions and group B in three sessions with argon plasma. Based on the observed results, it seems that Low level laser radiation has more acceptable and appropriate effects than cold plasma on the healing of rat skin wounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-level%20laser" title="low-level laser">low-level laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20jet" title=" plasma jet"> plasma jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rat" title=" rat"> rat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151027/macroscopic-evaluation-of-the-effect-of-low-level-laser-and-plasma-jet-on-wound-healing-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151027.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Surgical Collaboration in Managing Spinal Cord Compression Due to a Pre-Vertebral Chordoma: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Virginy%20S.%20Bautista">Rose Virginy S. Bautista</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ida%20Marie%20Tabangay-Lim"> Ida Marie Tabangay-Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helen%20Bongalon-Amo"> Helen Bongalon-Amo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Modesto%20B.%20Abellera"> Jose Modesto B. Abellera</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chordomas, particularly those of the spine and the head and neck region, represent a rare and locally aggressive group of malignancies. The complexity of these tumors -given the rarity, location, and involvement of neurovascular structures- imposes a challenge in the diagnosis and management. We herein report a case of spinal cord compression due to a prevertebral cervical chordoma. The patient presented with a gradually enlarging lateral neck mass, with progressive bilateral extremity weakness and urinary incontinence; preoperative biopsy showed chordoma. A multidisciplinary approach for the management of this case was made, involving neurosurgery, head and neck surgery, and radiation oncology services. Surgical collaboration between the two cutting services was done to have a radical excision of the tumor and spinal cord decompression. The patient was then referred for adjuvant radiation therapy. With this collaborative treatment strategy, more comprehensive and quality care could be provided to our patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chordoma" title="chordoma">chordoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surgical%20collaboration" title=" surgical collaboration"> surgical collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinal%20cord%20compression" title=" spinal cord compression"> spinal cord compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurosurgery" title=" neurosurgery"> neurosurgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head%20and%20neck%20surgery" title=" head and neck surgery"> head and neck surgery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177775/surgical-collaboration-in-managing-spinal-cord-compression-due-to-a-pre-vertebral-chordoma-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Comparative Analysis of Patent Protection between Health System and Enterprises in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Li">Na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunwei%20Zhang"> Yunwei Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhong%20Niu"> Yuhong Niu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study discussed the patent protections of health system and enterprises in Shanghai. The comparisons of technical distribution and scopes of patent protections between Shanghai health system and enterprises were used by the methods of IPC classification, co-words analysis and visual social network. Results reflected a decreasing order within IPC A61 area, namely A61B, A61K, A61M, and A61F. A61B required to be further investigated. The highest authorized patents A61B17 of A61B of IPC A61 area was found. Within A61B17, fracture fixation, ligament reconstruction, cardiac surgery, and biopsy detection were regarded as common concerned fields by Shanghai health system and enterprises. However, compared with cardiac closure which Shanghai enterprises paid attention to, Shanghai health system was more inclined to blockages and hemostatic tools. The results also revealed that the scopes of patent protections of Shanghai enterprises were relatively centralized. Shanghai enterprises had a series of comprehensive strategies for protecting core patents. In contrast, Shanghai health system was considered to be lack of strategic patent protections for core patents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-words%20analysis" title="co-words analysis">co-words analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPC%20classification" title=" IPC classification"> IPC classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20protection" title=" patent protection"> patent protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical%20distribution" title=" technical distribution"> technical distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105197/comparative-analysis-of-patent-protection-between-health-system-and-enterprises-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Biochemical and Radiographic Evaluation of the Non-Metastatic Bone Disease in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Undergoing Hemodialysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aliakbar%20Hafezi">Aliakbar Hafezi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jalal%20Taherian"> Jalal Taherian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamshid%20Abedi"> Jamshid Abedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahsa%20Elahi"> Mahsa Elahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Bones are commonly affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (primarily or secondary), and this condition causes bone fragility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of ROD in RCC patients on hemodialysis (HD) in northern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 RCC patients with ESRD referred to dialysis units in northern Iran during 2021-2024 were randomly selected and investigated. The biochemical and radiographic evaluation of ROD and its subtypes was performed, and then all patients underwent bone biopsy and histopathological study, and finally, the diagnostic value of the noninvasive methods was assessed. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.9 ± 11.7 years, and 27 cases (54.0%) were female. 38 (76.0%) of RCC patients with ESRD had ROD, and 12 patients (24.0%) had no evidence of bone disorders. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and predictive values and accuracy of the noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of ROD were 92%, 82%, 95%, 75% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the frequency of ROD in RCC patients with ESRD in northern Iran was high and the biochemical and radiographic markers have a high diagnostic value for ROD as well as histopathological assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20cell%20carcinoma" title="renal cell carcinoma">renal cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20osteodystrophy" title=" renal osteodystrophy"> renal osteodystrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodialysis" title=" hemodialysis"> hemodialysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-metastatic" title=" non-metastatic"> non-metastatic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194684/the-biochemical-and-radiographic-evaluation-of-the-non-metastatic-bone-disease-in-patients-with-renal-cell-carcinoma-undergoing-hemodialysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194684.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">18</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> The Role of Cyfra 21-1 in Diagnosing Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20J.%20T.%20Kevin%20Mozes">H. J. T. Kevin Mozes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dyah%20Purnamasari"> Dyah Purnamasari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Lung cancer accounted for the fourth most common cancer in Indonesia. 85% of all lung cancer cases are the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The indistinct signs and symptoms of NSCLC sometimes lead to misdiagnosis. The gold standard assessment for the diagnosis of NSCLC is the histopathological biopsy, which is invasive. Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker, which can be found in the intermediate protein structure in the epitel. The accuracy of Cyfra 21-1 in diagnosing NSCLC is not yet known, so this report is made to seek the answer for the question above. Methods: Literature searching is done using online databases. Proquest and Pubmed are online databases being used in this report. Then, literature selection is done by excluding and including based on inclusion criterias and exclusion criterias. The selected literature is then being appraised using the criteria of validity, importance, and validity. Results: From six journals appraised, five of them are valid. Sensitivity value acquired from all five literature is ranging from 50-84.5 %, meanwhile the specificity is 87.8 %-94.4 %. Likelihood the ratio of all appraised literature is ranging from 5.09 -10.54, which categorized to Intermediate High. Conclusion: Serum Cyfra 21-1 is a sensitive and very specific tumor marker for diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyfra%2021-1" title="cyfra 21-1">cyfra 21-1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonsmall%20cell%20lung%20cancer" title=" nonsmall cell lung cancer"> nonsmall cell lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NSCLC" title=" NSCLC"> NSCLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20marker" title=" tumor marker "> tumor marker </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39507/the-role-of-cyfra-21-1-in-diagnosing-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-nsclc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Discriminant Function Based on Circulating Tumor Cells for Accurate Diagnosis of Metastatic Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatem%20A.%20El-Mezayen">Hatem A. El-Mezayen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdelmajeed"> Ahmed Abdelmajeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatehya%20Metwally"> Fatehya Metwally</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usama%20Elsaly"> Usama Elsaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwa%20Atef"> Salwa Atef</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tumor metastasis involves the dissemination of malignant cells into the basement membrane and vascular system contributes to the circulating pool of these markers. In this context our aim has been focused on development of a non-invasive. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a unique liquid biopsy carrying comprehensive biological information of the primary tumor. Herein, we sought to develop a novel score based on the combination of the most significant CTCs biomarkers with and routine laboratory tests for accurate detection of metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Cytokeratin 18 (CK18), Cytokeratin 19 (CK19), and CA15.3 were assayed in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients (75), non-MBC patients (50) and healthy control (20). Results: Areas under receiving operating curve (AUCs) were calculated and used for construction on novel score. A novel score named MBC-CTCs = CA15.3 (U/L) × 0.08 + CK 18 % × 2.9 + CK19 × 3.1– 510. That function correctly classified 87% of metastatic breast cancer at cut-off value = 0.55. (i.e great than 0.55 indicates patients with metastatic breast cancer and less than 0.55 indicates patients with non-metastatic breast cancer). Conclusion: MBC-CTCs is a novel, non-invasive and simple can applied to discriminate patients with metastatic breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastatic%20breast%20cancer" title="metastatic breast cancer">metastatic breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20tumor%20cells" title=" circulating tumor cells"> circulating tumor cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokeratin" title=" cytokeratin"> cytokeratin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EpiCam" title=" EpiCam"> EpiCam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146716/discriminant-function-based-on-circulating-tumor-cells-for-accurate-diagnosis-of-metastatic-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">221</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> Metastatic Invasive Lobular Cancer Presenting as a Cervical Polyp</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sally%20Shepherd">Sally Shepherd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Murphy"> Craig Murphy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The uterus or cervix are unusual locations as metastatic sites for cancers. It is further unusual for it to be a site of metastasis, whilst the primary malignancy remains occult. Case Report: A 63-year-old female with three months of altered bowel habits underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis, revealing a bulky uterus and left ovary, nonspecific colonic thickening, and diffuse peritoneal changes. She underwent colposcopy, which revealed a large endocervical polyp that was excised, revealing strongly hormone-positive metastatic invasive lobular breast cancer. She subsequently underwent a PET scan, which showed moderately diffuse activity in the cervix and left adnexa. Breast examination was unremarkable, and screening mammography, ultrasound, and MRI of the breast did not identify any lesions. Her blood tests revealed a Ca 15-3 of 934, CA-125 of 220, and CEA of 27. She was commenced on letrozole and ribociclib with an improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion: It is rare for occult breast cancer to be established and diagnosed by pelvic imaging and biopsy. Suspicion of uterine or cervical metastasis should be heightened in patients with an active or past history of breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occult%20breast%20cancer" title="occult breast cancer">occult breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20metastasis" title=" cervical metastasis"> cervical metastasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invasive%20lobular%20carcinoma" title=" invasive lobular carcinoma"> invasive lobular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metastasis" title=" metastasis"> metastasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131927/metastatic-invasive-lobular-cancer-presenting-as-a-cervical-polyp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> CNS Cryptococcoma in an Immunocompetent Adult from a Low Resource Setting: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssembatya%20Joseph%20Mary">Ssembatya Joseph Mary</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Cryptococcal infection in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is frequently seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and others with low immunity as an opportunistic fungal infection. However, CNS cryptococcal granuloma (cryptococcoma) in immunocompetent patients is rare. We present a case of CNS cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent patient and review the literature to illustrate the diagnosis and treatment of such lesions. Case presentation: A 62-year-old, HIV-negative, immunocompetent female patient with no known chronic illness presented with 5 months history of a progressive headache associated with on and off episodic generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. She had been to several hospitals before she was referred to our center with a diagnosis of a brain tumor. Before referral and despite a negative CSF analysis result, she had received treatment for bacterial meningitis with no success. At Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), she had surgery with an excision biopsy which showed features consistent with cryptococcosis on histology. The patient had a successful adjuvant treatment with antifungal drugs following surgery. Conclusion: The diagnosis of a parasitic CNS infection, particularly cryptococcal infection mimicking neoplastic lesions in an immunocompetent patient, was unusual. Surgical management of such lesions from different reports has a bad outcome and management remains totally conservative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cryptococcal%20meningitis" title="Cryptococcal meningitis">Cryptococcal meningitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunocompetent%20patient" title=" immunocompetent patient"> immunocompetent patient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uganda" title=" Uganda"> Uganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20resource%20setting" title=" low resource setting"> low resource setting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161284/cns-cryptococcoma-in-an-immunocompetent-adult-from-a-low-resource-setting-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> Analysis of Oral and Maxillofacial Histopathology Service in Tertiary Center in Oman in the Past 13 Years</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sabreen%20Al%20Shamli">Sabreen Al Shamli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Rahman%20Al%20azure"> Abdul Rahman Al azure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microscopic examination by histopathology is the gold standard for diagnosing many oral and maxillofacial pathologies. Current clinical guidelines and medicolegal regulations recommend the utilization of histopathology services for confirming pathologies being treated. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and distribution of oral and maxillofacial biopsies that had been histopathologically diagnosed at Anahdha Hospital (ANH). A total of 512 biopsies randomly selected from a ground total of 3310 biopsies, which were submitted for oral and maxillofacial histopathological specimens, were analyzed at Nahdha Hospital in Oman between January 2010 and December 2022. Data collected retrospectively selected from all case notes of patients who had oral histopathology examinations performed as part of their treatment. Data collected from the Shifa system was transferred to Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS. Research ethics approval was obtained from the research committee of the hospital. This study provides background information on oral histopathology prevalence that could be helpful in future research in Oman. The findings of the present study are in agreement with the reported data from other investigations, even when it is taken into account how difficult it is to compare prevalence rates from different studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20biopsy" title="oral biopsy">oral biopsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20histopathology" title=" maxillofacial histopathology"> maxillofacial histopathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20disease" title=" oral disease"> oral disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maxillofacial%20specimens" title=" maxillofacial specimens"> maxillofacial specimens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179154/analysis-of-oral-and-maxillofacial-histopathology-service-in-tertiary-center-in-oman-in-the-past-13-years" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Case Report of a Secretory Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland: Clinical Management Following High-Grade Transformation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wissam%20Saliba">Wissam Saliba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mandy%20Nicholson"> Mandy Nicholson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a rare type of salivary gland cancer. It was first realized as a distinct type of malignancy in 2010and wasinitially termed “mammary analogue secretory carcinoma” because of similarities with secretory breast cancer. The name was later changed to SC. Most SCs originate in parotid glands, and most harbour a rare gene mutation: ETV6-NTRK3. This mutation is rare in common cancers and common in rare cancers; it is present in most secretory carcinomas. Disease outcomes for SC are usually described as favourable as many cases of SC are lowgrade (LG), and cancer growth is slow. In early stages, localized therapy is usually indicated (surgery and/or radiation). Despitea favourable prognosis, a sub-set of casescan be much more aggressive.These cases tend to be of high-grade(HG).HG casesare associated with a poorer prognosis.Management of such cases can be challenging due to limited evidence for effective systemic therapy options. This case report describes the clinical management of a 46-year-oldmale patient with a unique case of SC. He was initially diagnosed with a low/intermediate grade carcinoma of the left parotid gland in 2009; he was treated with surgery and adjuvant radiation. Surgical pathology favoured primary salivary adenocarcinoma, and 2 lymph nodes were positive for malignancy. SC was not yet realized as a distinct type of cancerat the time of diagnosis, and the pathology reportvalidated this gap by stating that the specimen lacked features of the defined types of salivary carcinoma.Slow-growing pulmonary nodules were identified in 2017. In 2020, approximately 11 years after the initial diagnosis, the patient presented with malignant pleural effusion. Pathology from a pleural biopsy was consistent with metastatic poorly differentiated cancer of likely parotid origin, likely mammary analogue secretory carcinoma. The specimen was sent for Next Generation Sequencing (NGS); ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion was confirmed, and systemic therapy was initiated.One cycle ofcarboplatin/paclitaxel was given in June 2020. He was switched to Larotrectinib (NTRK inhibitor (NTRKi)) later that month. Larotrectinib continued for approximately 9 months, with discontinuation in March 2021 due to disease progression. A second-generation NTRKi (Selitrectinib) was accessed and prescribedthrough a single patient study. Selitrectinib was well tolerated. The patient experienced a complete radiological response within~4 months. Disease progression occurred once again in October 2021. Progression was slow, and Selitrectinib continuedwhile the medical team performed a thorough search for additional treatment options. In January 2022, a liver lesion biopsy was performed, and NGS showed an NTRKG623R solvent-front resistance mutation. Various treatment pathways were considered. The patient pursuedanother investigational NTRKi through a clinical trial, and Selitrectinib was discontinued in July 2022. Excellent performance status was maintained throughout the entire course of treatment.It can be concluded that NTRK inhibitors provided satisfactory treatment efficacy and tolerance for this patient with high-grade transformation and NTRK gene fusion cancer. In the future, more clinical research is needed on systemic treatment options for high-grade transformations in NTRK gene fusion SCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secretory%20carcinoma" title="secretory carcinoma">secretory carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-grade%20transformations" title=" high-grade transformations"> high-grade transformations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NTRK%20gene%20fusion" title=" NTRK gene fusion"> NTRK gene fusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NTRK%20inhibitor" title=" NTRK inhibitor"> NTRK inhibitor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153375/case-report-of-a-secretory-carcinoma-of-the-salivary-gland-clinical-management-following-high-grade-transformation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> Optical Coherence Tomography in Differentiation of Acute and Non-Healing Wounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ananya%20Barui">Ananya Barui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Provas%20Banerjee"> Provas Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotirmoy%20Chatterjee"> Jyotirmoy Chatterjee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of optical technology in medicine and biology has a long track-record. In this endeavor, OCT is able to attract both engineers and biologists to work together in the ﬁeld of photonics for establishing a striking non-invasive imaging technology. In contrast to other in vivo imaging modalities like Raman imaging, confocal imaging, two-photon microscopy etc. which can perform in vivo imaging upto 100-200 micron depth due to limitation in numerical aperture or scattering, however, OCT can achieve high-resolution imaging upto few millimeters of tissue structures depending on their refractive index in different anatomical location. This tomographic system depends on interference of two light waves in an interferometer to produce a depth profile of specimen. In wound healing, frequent collection of biopsies for follow-up of repair process could be avoided by such imaging technique. Real time skin OCT (the optical biopsy) has efficacy in deeper and faster illumination of cutaneou tissue to acquire high resolution cross sectional images of their internal micro-structure. Swept Source-OCT (SS-OCT), a novel imaging technique, can generate high-speed depth profile (~ 2 mm) of wound at a sweeping rate of laser with micron level resolution and optimum coherent length of 5-6 mm. Normally multi-layered skin tissue depicts different optical properties along with variation in thickness, refractive index and composition (i.e. keratine layer, water, fat etc.) according to their anatomical location. For instance, stratum corneum, the upper-most and relatively dehydrated layer of epidermis reflects more light and produces more lucid and a sharp demarcation line with rest of the hydrated epidermal region. During wound healing or regeneration, optical properties of cutaneous tissue continuously altered with maturation of wound bed. More mature and less hydrated tissue component reflects more light and becomes visible as a brighter area in comparison to immature region which content higher amount water or fat that depicts as a darker area in OCT image. Non-healing wound possess prolonged inflammation and inhibits nascent proliferative stage. Accumulation of necrotic tissues also prevents the repair of non-healing wounds. Due to high resolution and potentiality to reflect the compositional aspects of tissues in terms of their optical properties, this tomographic method may facilitate in differentiating non-healing and acute wounds in addition to clinical observations. Non-invasive OCT offers better insight regarding specific biological status of tissue in health and pathological conditions, OCT images could be associated with histo-pathological ‘gold standard’. This correlated SS-OCT and microscopic evaluation of the wound edges can provide information regarding progressive healing and maturation of the epithelial components. In the context of searching analogy between two different imaging modalities, their relative performances in imaging of healing bed were estimated for probing an alternative approach. Present study validated utility of SS-OCT in revealing micro-anatomic structure in the healing bed with newer information. Exploring precise correspondence of OCT images features with histo-chemical findings related to epithelial integrity of the regenerated tissue could have great implication. It could establish the ‘optical biopsy’ as a potent non-invasive diagnostic tool for cutaneous pathology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histo-pathology" title="histo-pathology">histo-pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20invasive%20imaging" title=" non invasive imaging"> non invasive imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCT" title=" OCT"> OCT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42083/optical-coherence-tomography-in-differentiation-of-acute-and-non-healing-wounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Clinical Profile of Renal Diseases in Children in Tertiary Care Centre</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyoti%20Agrawal">Jyoti Agrawal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Renal diseases in children and young adult can be difficult to diagnose early as it may present only with few symptoms, tends to have different course than adult and respond variously to different treatment. The pattern of renal disease in children is different from developing countries as compared to developed countries. Methods: This study was a hospital based prospective observational study carried from March, 2014 to February 2015 at BP Koirala institute of health sciences. Patients with renal disease, both inpatient and outpatient from birth to 14 years of age were enrolled in the study. The diagnosis of renal disease was be made on clinical and laboratory criteria. Results: Total of 120 patients were enrolled in our study which contributed to 3.74% % of total admission. The commonest feature of presentation was edema (75%), followed by fever (65%), hypertension (60%), decreased urine output (45%) and hematuria (25%). Most common diagnosis was acute glomerulonephritis (40%) followed by Nephrotic syndrome (25%) and urinary tract infection (25%). Renal biopsy was done for 10% of cases and most of them were steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome. 5% of our cases expired because of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, sepsis and acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Renal disease contributes to a large part of hospital pediatric admission as well as mortality and morbidity to the children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glomerulonephritis" title="glomerulonephritis">glomerulonephritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotic%20syndrome" title=" nephrotic syndrome"> nephrotic syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20disease" title=" renal disease"> renal disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infection" title=" urinary tract infection"> urinary tract infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79003/clinical-profile-of-renal-diseases-in-children-in-tertiary-care-centre" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lorena%20G%C3%B3Mez%20Escorcia">Lorena GóMez Escorcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gustavo%20Aroca%20Mart%C3%ADNez"> Gustavo Aroca MartíNez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Luiz%20Villarreal"> Jose Luiz Villarreal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elkin%20Navarro%20Quiroz"> Elkin Navarro Quiroz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lupus nephritis (LN) is a high-cost disease, occurring in about half of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Renal biopsy constitutes the only protocol that, to date, allows a correct diagnosis of the level of renal involvement in these patients. However, this procedure can have various adverse effects such as kidney bleeding, muscle bleeding, infection, pain, among others. Therefore, the development of new diagnostic alternatives is required. The neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been emerging as a novel biomarker of acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to assess urinary NGAL levels as a marker for disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis. For this work included 50 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, 50 with active lupus nephritis (LN), and 50 without autoimmune and renal disease as controls. TNGAL in urine samples was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that patients with kidney damage had an elevated urinary NGAL as compared to patients with lupus without kidney damage and controls (p <0.005), and the mean of uNGAL was (28.72 ± 4.53), (19.51 ± 4.72), (8.91 ± 3.37) respectively. Measurement of urinary NGAL levels showed a very good diagnostic performance for discriminating patients with Lupus nephritis from SLE without renal damage and of control individuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lupus%20nephritis" title="lupus nephritis">lupus nephritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarker" title=" biomarker"> biomarker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NGAL" title=" NGAL"> NGAL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urine%20samples" title=" urine samples"> urine samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139650/urinary-neutrophil-gelatinase-associated-lipocalin-as-diagnostic-biomarkers-for-lupus-nephritis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">215</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">98</span> Histochemical Localization of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Evaluation of Two Staining Techniques in a Tertiary Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imeobong%20Joseph%20Inyang">Imeobong Joseph Inyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniekan-Augusta%20Okon%20Eyo"> Aniekan-Augusta Okon Eyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abel%20William%20Essien"> Abel William Essien</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the known human carcinogens. The presence of HBsAg in liver tissues indicates active viral replication. More than 85% of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) cases occur in countries with increased rates of chronic HBV infection. An evaluation study to determine the relationship between positivity for HBsAg and development of HCC and its distribution between age and gender of subjects was done. Shikata Orcein and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining techniques were performed on liver sections. A total of 50 liver tissue specimens comprising 38 biopsy and 12 post-mortem specimens were processed. Thirty-five of the 50 specimens were positive for HBsAg with Orcein stain whereas only 16 were positive with H&E stain, and these were also positive with Orcein stain, giving an HBsAg prevalence of 70.0% (35/50). The prevalence of HCC in the study was 56.0% (28/50), of which 21 (75.0%) cases were positive for HBsAg, 18 (64.3%) were males while 10 (35.7%) were females distributed within the age range of 20-70 years. The highest number of HBsAg positive HCC cases, 7/21 (33.3%) occurred in the age group 40-49 years. There was no relationship in the pattern of distribution of HCC between age and gender using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.0474; P < 0.05). HBV infection predisposed to HCC. Orcein technique was more specific and is therefore recommended for screening of liver tissues where facilities for immunohistochemistry are inaccessible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hepatitis%20B.%20surface%20antigen" title="Hepatitis B. surface antigen">Hepatitis B. surface antigen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatocellular%20carcinoma" title=" hepatocellular carcinoma"> hepatocellular carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orcein" title=" orcein"> orcein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathology" title=" pathology"> pathology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6196/histochemical-localization-of-hepatitis-b-surface-antigen-in-hepatocellular-carcinoma-an-evaluation-of-two-staining-techniques-in-a-tertiary-hospital-in-calabar-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">97</span> The Effect of Size and Tumor Depth on Histological Clearance Margins of Basal Cell Carcinomas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Van">Martin Van</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Javed"> Mohammed Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Hemington-Gorse"> Sarah Hemington-Gorse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Our aim was to determine the effect of size and tumor depth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) on surgical margin clearance. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Welsh Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery (WCBPS), Morriston Hospital between 1 Jan 2016 – 31 July 2016. Only patients with confirmed BCC on histopathological analysis were included. Patient data including anatomical region treated, lesion size, histopathological clearance margins and histological sub-types were recorded. An independent T-test was performed determine statistical significance. Results: A total of 228 BCCs were excised in 160 patients. Eleven lesions (4.8%) were incompletely excised. The nose area had the highest rate of incomplete excision. The mean diameter of incompletely excised lesions was 11.4mm vs 11.5mm in completely excised lesions (p=0.959) and the mean histological depth of incompletely excised lesions was 4.1mm vs. 2.5mm for completely excised BCCs (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BCC tumor depth of > 4.1 mm was associated with high rate of incomplete margin clearance. Hence, in prospective patients, a BCC tumor depth (>4 mm) on tissue biopsy should alert the surgeon of potentially higher risk of incomplete excision of lesion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basal%20cell%20carcinoma" title="basal cell carcinoma">basal cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excision%20margins" title=" excision margins"> excision margins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20surgery" title=" plastic surgery"> plastic surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment" title=" treatment"> treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68917/the-effect-of-size-and-tumor-depth-on-histological-clearance-margins-of-basal-cell-carcinomas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">96</span> Comparative Diagnostic Performance of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Combined With Microcalcifications on Mammography for Discriminating Malignant From Benign Bi-rads 4 Lesions With the Kaiser Score</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wangxu%20Xia">Wangxu Xia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> BACKGROUND BI-RADS 4 lesions raise the possibility of malignancy that warrant further clinical and radiologic work-up. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive performance of diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI) and microcalcifications on mammography for predicting malignancy of BI-RADS 4 lesions. In addition, the predictive performance of DWI combined with microcalcifications was alsocompared with the Kaiser score. METHODS During January 2021 and June 2023, 144 patients with 178 BI-RADS 4 lesions underwent conventional MRI, DWI, and mammography were included. The lesions were dichotomized intobenign or malignant according to the pathological results from core needle biopsy or surgical mastectomy. DWI was performed with a b value of 0 and 800s/mm2 and analyzed using theapparent diffusion coefficient, and a Kaiser score > 4 was considered to suggest malignancy. Thediagnostic performances for various diagnostic tests were evaluated with the receiver-operatingcharacteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) for DWI was significantly higher than that of the of mammography (0.86 vs 0.71, P<0.001), but was comparable with that of the Kaiser score (0.86 vs 0.84, P=0.58). However, the AUC for DWI combined with mammography was significantly highthan that of the Kaiser score (0.93 vs 0.84, P=0.007). The sensitivity for discriminating malignant from benign BI-RADS 4 lesions was highest at 89% for Kaiser score, but the highest specificity of 83% can be achieved with DWI combined with mammography. CONCLUSION DWI combined with microcalcifications on mammography could discriminate malignant BI-RADS4 lesions from benign ones with a high AUC and specificity. However, Kaiser score had a better sensitivity for discrimination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title="MRI">MRI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DWI" title=" DWI"> DWI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mammography" title=" mammography"> mammography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20disease" title=" breast disease"> breast disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183824/comparative-diagnostic-performance-of-diffusion-weighted-imaging-combined-with-microcalcifications-on-mammography-for-discriminating-malignant-from-benign-bi-rads-4-lesions-with-the-kaiser-score" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">95</span> A Case Study on Utility of 18FDG-PET/CT Scan in Identifying Active Extra Lymph Nodes and Staging of Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Risheq">Farid Risheq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Zaid%20Alrisheq"> M. Zaid Alrisheq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuaa%20Al-Sadoon"> Shuaa Al-Sadoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karim%20Al-Faqih"> Karim Al-Faqih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mays%20Abdulazeez"> Mays Abdulazeez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, and a common cause of death among women. Various conventional anatomical imaging tools are utilized for diagnosis, histological assessment and TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastases) staging of breast cancer. Biopsy of sentinel lymph node is becoming an alternative to the axillary lymph node dissection. Advances in 18-Fluoro-Deoxi-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) imaging have facilitated breast cancer diagnosis utilizing biological trapping of 18FDG inside lesion cells, expressed as Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax). Objective: To present the utility of 18FDG uptake PET/CT scans in detecting active extra lymph nodes and distant occult metastases for breast cancer staging. Subjects and Methods: Four female patients were presented with initially classified TNM stages of breast cancer based on conventional anatomical diagnostic techniques. 18FDG-PET/CT scans were performed one hour post 18FDG intra-venous injection of (300-370) MBq, and (7-8) bed/130sec. Transverse, sagittal, and coronal views; fused PET/CT and MIP modality were reconstructed for each patient. Results: A total of twenty four lesions in breast, extended lesions to lung, liver, bone and active extra lymph nodes were detected among patients. The initial TNM stage was significantly changed post 18FDG-PET/CT scan for each patient, as follows: Patient-1: Initial TNM-stage: T1N1M0-(stage I). Finding: Two lesions in right breast (3.2cm2, SUVmax=10.2), (1.8cm2, SUVmax=6.7), associated with metastases to two right axillary lymph nodes. Final TNM-stage: T1N2M0-(stage II). Patient-2: Initial TNM-stage: T2N2M0-(stage III). Finding: Right breast lesion (6.1cm2, SUVmax=15.2), associated with metastases to right internal mammary lymph node, two right axillary lymph nodes, and sclerotic lesions in right scapula. Final TNM-stage: T2N3M1-(stage IV). Patient-3: Initial TNM-stage: T2N0M1-(stage III). Finding: Left breast lesion (11.1cm2, SUVmax=18.8), associated with metastases to two lymph nodes in left hilum, and three lesions in both lungs. Final TNM-stage: T2N2M1-(stage IV). Patient-4: Initial TNM-stage: T4N1M1-(stage III). Finding: Four lesions in upper outer quadrant area of right breast (largest: 12.7cm2, SUVmax=18.6), in addition to one lesion in left breast (4.8cm2, SUVmax=7.1), associated with metastases to multiple lesions in liver (largest: 11.4cm2, SUV=8.0), and two bony-lytic lesions in left scapula and cervicle-1. No evidence of regional or distant lymph node involvement. Final TNM-stage: T4N0M2-(stage IV). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that 18FDG-PET/CT scans had significantly changed the TNM stages of breast cancer patients. While the T factor was unchanged, N and M factors showed significant variations. A single session of PET/CT scan was effective in detecting active extra lymph nodes and distant occult metastases, which were not identified by conventional diagnostic techniques, and might advantageously replace bone scan, and contrast enhanced CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis. Applying 18FDG-PET/CT scan early in the investigation, might shorten diagnosis time, helps deciding adequate treatment protocol, and could improve patients’ quality of life and survival. Trapping of 18FDG in malignant lesion cells, after a PET/CT scan, increases the retention index (RI%) for a considerable time, which might help localize sentinel lymph node for biopsy using a hand held gamma probe detector. Future work is required to demonstrate its utility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=axillary%20lymph%20nodes" title="axillary lymph nodes">axillary lymph nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20staging" title=" breast cancer staging"> breast cancer staging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorodeoxyglucose%20positron%20emission%20tomography%2Fcomputed%20tomography" title=" fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography"> fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymph%20nodes" title=" lymph nodes"> lymph nodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69254/a-case-study-on-utility-of-18fdg-petct-scan-in-identifying-active-extra-lymph-nodes-and-staging-of-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">94</span> Sea Cucumber (Stichopus chloronotus) to Expedite Healing of Minor Wounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isa%20Naina%20Mohamed">Isa Naina Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazliadiyana%20Mazlan"> Mazliadiyana Mazlan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Nazrun%20Shuid"> Ahmad Nazrun Shuid </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stichopus chloronotus (Black Knobby or green fish) is a sea cucumber species commonly found along Malaysia’s coastline. In Malaysia, it is believed that sea cucumber can expedite healing of wounds, provide extra energy and used as an ointment to relieve pain. The aim of this study is to determine the best concentration of Stichopus chlronotus extract to promote wound healing. 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats with wounds created using 6mm disposable punch biopsy were divided into 6 treatment groups. The normal control group (untreated), positive control group (flavin treated only), negative control group (emulsifying ointment only), and group 0.1, group 0.5, group 1 were each treated with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% of Stichopus chlronotus water extract mixed in emulsifying ointment, respectively. Treatments were administered topically for 10 days. Changes in wound area were measured using caliper and photographs were taken on day 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 after index wound. Results showed that wound reduction of group 0.5 on day 4, 6, and 8 was significantly higher compared to normal control group and positive control group. Group 0.5 also had higher wound reduction from day 6 until day 10 compared to all other groups. In conclusion, Sea Cucumber (Stichopus chloronotus) extract demonstrated the best minor wound healing properties at concentration 0.5%. The potential of Stichopus chlronotus extract ointment for wound healing shall be investigated further. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minor%20wound%20healing" title="minor wound healing">minor wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expedite%20wound%20healing" title=" expedite wound healing"> expedite wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20cucumber" title=" sea cucumber"> sea cucumber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stichopus%20chloronotus" title=" Stichopus chloronotus "> Stichopus chloronotus </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34241/sea-cucumber-stichopus-chloronotus-to-expedite-healing-of-minor-wounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34241.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">93</span> The Great Mimicker: A Case of Disseminated Tuberculosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Ling">W. Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Saufi%20Bin%20Awang"> Mohamed Saufi Bin Awang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis post a major health problem worldwide. Central nervous system (CNS) infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most devastating complications of tuberculosis. Although with advancement in medical fields, we are yet to understand the pathophysiology of how mycobacterium tuberculosis was able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infect the CNS. CNS TB may present with nonspecific clinical symptoms which can mimic other diseases/conditions; this is what makes the diagnosis relatively difficult and challenging. Public health has to be informed and educated about the spread of TB, and early identification of TB is important as it is a curable disease. Case Report: A young 21-year-old Malay gentleman was initially presented to us with symptoms of ear discharge, tinnitus, and right-sided headache for the past one year. Further history reveals that the symptoms have been mismanaged and neglected over the period of 1 year. Initial investigation reveals features of inflammation of the ear. Further imaging showed the feature of chronic inflammation of the otitis media and atypical right cerebral abscess, which has the same characteristic features and consistency. He further underwent a biopsy, and results reveal positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the otitis media. With the results and the available imaging, we were certain that this is likely a case of disseminated tuberculosis causing CNS TB. Conclusion: We aim to highlight the challenge and difficult face in our health care system and public health in early identification and treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20nervous%20system%20tuberculosis" title="central nervous system tuberculosis">central nervous system tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intracranial%20tuberculosis" title=" intracranial tuberculosis"> intracranial tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculous%20encephalopathy" title=" tuberculous encephalopathy"> tuberculous encephalopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculous%20meningitis" title=" tuberculous meningitis"> tuberculous meningitis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138049/the-great-mimicker-a-case-of-disseminated-tuberculosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">92</span> Morphological and Molecular Abnormalities of the Skeletal Muscle Tissue from Pediatric Patient Affected by a Rare Genetic Chaperonopathy Associated with Motor Neuropathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leila%20Noori">Leila Noori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosario%20Barone"> Rosario Barone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesca%20Rappa"> Francesca Rappa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antonella%20Marino%20Gammazza"> Antonella Marino Gammazza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Maria%20Vitale"> Alessandra Maria Vitale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giuseppe%20Donato%20Mangano"> Giuseppe Donato Mangano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giusy%20Sentiero"> Giusy Sentiero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Filippo%20Macaluso"> Filippo Macaluso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathryn%20H.%20Myburgh"> Kathryn H. Myburgh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Cappello"> Francesco Cappello</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federica%20Scalia"> Federica Scalia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The neuromuscular system controls, directs, and allows movement of the body through the action of neural circuits, which include motor neurons, sensory neurons, and skeletal muscle fibers. Protein homeostasis of the involved cytotypes appears crucial to maintain the correct and prolonged functions of the neuromuscular system, and both neuronal cells and skeletal muscle fibers express significant quantities of protein chaperones, the molecular machinery responsible to maintain the protein turnover. Genetic mutations or defective post-translational modifications of molecular chaperones (i.e., genetic or acquired chaperonopathies) may lead to neuromuscular disorders called as neurochaperonopathies. The limited knowledge of the effects of the defective chaperones on skeletal muscle fibers and neurons impedes the progression of therapeutic approaches. A distinct genetic variation of CCT5 gene encoding for the subunit 5 of the chaperonin CCT (Chaperonin Containing TCP1; also known as TRiC, TCP1 Ring Complex) was recently described associated with severe distal motor neuropathy by our team. In this study, we investigated the histopathological abnormalities of the skeletal muscle biopsy of the pediatric patient affected by the mutation Leu224Val in the CCT5 subunit. We provide molecular and structural features of the diseased skeletal muscle tissue that we believe may be useful to identify undiagnosed cases of this rare genetic disorder. We investigated the histological abnormalities of the affected tissue via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Then we used immunofluorescence and qPCR techniques to explore the expression and distribution of CCT5 in diseased and healthy skeletal muscle tissue. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to study the sarcomeric and structural proteins of skeletal muscle, including actin, myosin, tubulin, troponin-T, telethonin, and titin. We performed Western blot to examine the protein expression of CCT5 and some heat shock proteins, Hsp90, Hsp60, Hsp27, and α-B crystallin, along with the main client proteins of the CCT5, actin, and tubulin. Our findings revealed muscular atrophy, abnormal morphology, and different sizes of muscle fibers in affected tissue. The swollen nuclei and wide interfiber spaces were seen. Expression of CCT5 had been decreased and showed a different distribution pattern in the affected tissue. Altered expression, distribution, and bandage pattern were detected by confocal microscopy for the interested muscular proteins in tissue from the patient compared to the healthy control. Protein levels of the studied Hsps normally located at the Z-disk were reduced. Western blot results showed increased levels of the actin and tubulin proteins in the diseased skeletal muscle biopsy compared to healthy tissue. Chaperones must be expressed at high levels in skeletal muscle to counteract various stressors such as mechanical, oxidative, and thermal crises; therefore, it seems relevant that defects of molecular chaperones may result in damaged skeletal muscle fibers. So far, several chaperones or cochaperones involved in neuromuscular disorders have been defined. Our study shows that alteration of the CCT5 subunit is associated with the damaged structure of skeletal muscle fibers and alterations of chaperone system components and paves the way to explore possible alternative substrates of chaperonin CCT. However, further studies are underway to investigate the CCT mechanisms of action to design applicable therapeutic strategies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20chaperones" title="molecular chaperones">molecular chaperones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurochaperonopathy" title=" neurochaperonopathy"> neurochaperonopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromuscular%20system" title=" neuromuscular system"> neuromuscular system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20homeostasis" title=" protein homeostasis"> protein homeostasis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161075/morphological-and-molecular-abnormalities-of-the-skeletal-muscle-tissue-from-pediatric-patient-affected-by-a-rare-genetic-chaperonopathy-associated-with-motor-neuropathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">91</span> Predictive Value of Primary Tumor Depth for Cervical Lymphadenopathy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Buccal Mucosa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Salim">Zohra Salim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To access the relationship of primary tumor thickness with cervical lymphadenopathy in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 80 Patients with biopsy-proven oral squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa at Dow University of Health Sciences. All the study participants were treated with wide local excision of the primary tumor with elective neck dissection. Patients with prior head and neck malignancy or those with prior radiotherapy or chemotherapy were excluded from the study. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 21. Chi-squared test with 95% C.I and 80% power of the test was used to evaluate the relationship of tumor depth with cervical lymph nodes. Results: 50 participants were male, and 30 patients were female. 30 patients were in the age range of 20-40 years, 36 patients in the range of 40-60 years, while 14 patients were beyond age 60 years. Tumor size ranged from 0.3cm to 5cm with a mean of 2.03cm. Tumor depth ranged from 0.2cm to 5cm. 20% of the participants reported with tumor depth greater than 2.5cm, while 80% of patients reported with tumor depth less than 2.5cm. Out of 80 patients, 27 reported with negative lymph nodes, while 53 patients reported with positive lymph nodes. Conclusion: Our study concludes that relationship exists between the depth of primary tumor and cervical lymphadenopathy in squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squamous%20cell%20carcinoma" title="squamous cell carcinoma">squamous cell carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20depth" title=" tumor depth"> tumor depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20lymphadenopathy" title=" cervical lymphadenopathy"> cervical lymphadenopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buccal%20mucosa" title=" buccal mucosa"> buccal mucosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85223/predictive-value-of-primary-tumor-depth-for-cervical-lymphadenopathy-in-squamous-cell-carcinoma-of-buccal-mucosa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">90</span> Periodontal Disease or Cement Disease: New Frontier in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease in Dogs </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Gallottini">C. Gallottini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Di%20Mari"> W. Di Mari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Amaddeo"> A. Amaddeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Barbaro"> K. Barbaro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dolci"> A. Dolci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Dolci"> G. Dolci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Gallottini"> L. Gallottini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Barraco"> G. Barraco</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Eramo"> S. Eramo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A group of 10 dogs (group A) with Periodontal Disease in the third stage, were subjected to regenerative therapy of periodontal tissues, by use of nano hydroxy apatite (NHA). These animals induced by general anesthesia, where treated by ultrasonic scaling, root planning, and at the end by a mucogingival flap in which it was applied NHA. The flap was closed and sutured with simple steps. Another group of 10 dogs (group B), control group, was treated only by scaling and root planning. No patient was subjected to antibiotic therapy. After three months, a check was made by inspection of the oral cavity, radiography and bone biopsy at the alveolar level. Group A showed a total restitutio ad integrum of the periodontal structures, and in group B still mild gingivitis in 70% of cases and 30% of the state remains unchanged. Numerous experimental studies both in animals and humans have documented that the grafts of porous hydroxyapatite are rapidly invaded by fibrovascular tissue which is subsequently converted into mature lamellar bone tissue by activating osteoblast. Since we acted on the removal of necrotic cementum and rehabilitating the root tissue by polishing without intervention in the ligament but only on anatomical functional interface of cement-blasts, we can connect the positive evolution of the clinical-only component of the cement that could represent this perspective, the only reason that Periodontal Disease become a Cement Disease, while all other clinical elements as nothing more than a clinical pathological accompanying. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoidroxiaphatite" title="nanoidroxiaphatite">nanoidroxiaphatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parodontal%20disease" title=" parodontal disease"> parodontal disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20disease" title=" cement disease"> cement disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerative%20therapy" title=" regenerative therapy"> regenerative therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1800/periodontal-disease-or-cement-disease-new-frontier-in-the-treatment-of-periodontal-disease-in-dogs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">453</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">89</span> MiRNA Regulation of CXCL12β during Inflammation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raju%20Ranjha">Raju Ranjha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surbhi%20Aggarwal"> Surbhi Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Inflammation plays an important role in infectious and non-infectious diseases. MiRNA is also reported to play role in inflammation and associated cancers. Chemokine CXCL12 is also known to play role in inflammation and various cancers. CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis was involved in pathogenesis of IBD specially UC. Supplementation of CXCL12 induces homing of dendritic cells to spleen and enhances control of plasmodium parasite in BALB/c mice. We looked at the regulation of CXCL12β by miRNA in UC colitis. Prolonged inflammation of colon in UC patient increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. We looked at the expression differences of CXCl12β and its targeting miRNA in cancer susceptible area of colon of UC patients. Aim: Aim of this study was to find out the expression regulation of CXCL12β by miRNA in inflammation. Materials and Methods: Biopsy samples and blood samples were collected from UC patients and non-IBD controls. mRNA expression was analyzed using microarray and real-time PCR. CXCL12β targeting miRNA were looked by using online target prediction tools. Expression of CXCL12β in blood samples and cell line supernatant was analyzed using ELISA. miRNA target was validated using dual luciferase assay. Results and conclusion: We found miR-200a regulate the expression of CXCL12β in UC. Expression of CXCL12β was increased in cancer susceptible part of colon and expression of its targeting miRNA was decreased in the same part of colon. miR-200a regulate CXCL12β expression in inflammation and may be an important therapeutic target in inflammation associated cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammation" title="inflammation">inflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=miRNA" title=" miRNA"> miRNA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation" title=" regulation"> regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CXCL12" title=" CXCL12"> CXCL12</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69823/mirna-regulation-of-cxcl12v-during-inflammation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">88</span> Wire Localization Procedures in Non-Palpable Breast Cancers: An Audit Report and Review of Literature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waqas%20Ahmad">Waqas Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eisha%20Tahir"> Eisha Tahir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahper%20Aqeel"> Shahper Aqeel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Khalid%20Niazi"> Imran Khalid Niazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amjad%20Iqbal"> Amjad Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Breast conservation surgery applies a number of techniques for accurate localization of lesions. Wire localization remains the method of choice in non-palpable breast cancers post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the accuracy of wire localization procedures in our department and compare it with internationally set protocols as per the Royal College of Radiologists. Post wire mammography, as well as the margin status of the postoperative specimen, assessed the accuracy of the procedure. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 225 patients who presented to our department from May 2014 to June 2015 post neoadjuvant chemotherapy with non-palpable cancers. These patients are candidates for wire localized lumpectomies either under ultrasound or stereotactic guidance. Metallic marker was placed in all the patients at the time of biopsy. Post wire mammogram was performed in all the patients and the distance of the wire tip from the marker was calculated. The presence or absence of the metallic clip in the postoperative specimen, as well as the marginal status of the postoperative specimen, was noted. Results: 157 sonographic and 68 stereotactic wire localization procedures were performed. 95% of the wire tips were within 1 cm of the metallic marker. Marginal status was negative in 94% of the patients in histopathological specimen. Conclusion: Our audit report declares more than 95% accuracy of image guided wire localization in successful excision of non-palpable breast lesions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast" title="breast">breast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title=" cancer"> cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-palpable" title=" non-palpable"> non-palpable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wire%20localization" title=" wire localization"> wire localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49198/wire-localization-procedures-in-non-palpable-breast-cancers-an-audit-report-and-review-of-literature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">87</span> Case Report on ‘Primary Adenocarcinoma of Aberrant HER2+ Anogenital Mammary-like Glands in a Male'</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Kuttuva">Shivani Kuttuva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Sampson"> James Sampson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Simmons"> Timothy Simmons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinayak%20Thattaruparambil"> Vinayak Thattaruparambil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Holly%20Burton"> Holly Burton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Coyne"> Peter Coyne</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Anogenital mammary-like glands were established to be embryological remnants of breast tissue due to failed resolution of the ectodermal mammary ridge. However, recent studies are now considering this to represent normal constituents of the anogenital area with histological resemblance to the orthotopic breast tissue with multiple benign and malignant lesions arising from it. The incidence of the above has been predominant in females in the vulval region. Due to the paucity of cases reported in men, this poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge resulting in a delay in treatment and, thereby, poor outcomes. Our patient presented to the dermatology clinic with an itchy, purplish lesion in the peri-anal region which, on punch biopsy, was diagnosed to be Extra-mammary Paget’s disease and taken up for Wide local excision. Immunochemically, staining was positive for HER2, ER and Cytokeratin 7, keeping with the presence of actual breast tissue with no primary breast carcinoma. Due to the invasive nature of the disease, he required Abdominoperineal resection with flap reconstruction. Despite complete surgical clearance and adjuvant radiotherapy, the disease progressed to adjacent inguinal and obturator lymph nodes with origin resembling anogenital type mammary glands but histology negative for hormonal receptors of the breast. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anogenital%20mammary-like%20glands" title="anogenital mammary-like glands">anogenital mammary-like glands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abdominoperineal%20resection" title=" abdominoperineal resection"> abdominoperineal resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic%20breast%20tissue" title=" ectopic breast tissue"> ectopic breast tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ectopic%20male%20breast%20carcinoma" title=" ectopic male breast carcinoma"> ectopic male breast carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peri-anal%20skin%20lesion" title=" peri-anal skin lesion"> peri-anal skin lesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165237/case-report-on-primary-adenocarcinoma-of-aberrant-her2-anogenital-mammary-like-glands-in-a-male" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">86</span> Clinical Implication of Hyper-Intense Signal Thyroid Incidentaloma on Time of Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inseon%20Ryoo">Inseon Ryoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Chin%20Kim"> Soo Chin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyena%20Jung"> Hyena Jung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sangil%20Suh"> Sangil Suh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of hyper-intense signal thyroid incidentalomas on the time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) using correlation study with ultrasound (US). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 3,505 non-contrast TOF-MRA performed at an institution between September 2014 and May 2017. Two radiologists correlated the thyroid incidentalomas detected on TOF-MRA with US features which was obtained within three months interval between MRA and US examinations in consensus method. Results: The prevalence of hyper-intense signal thyroid nodules incidentally detected on TOF-MRA was 1.2% (43/3505). Among them, 35 people (81.4%) underwent US examinations, and total 45 hyper-intense signal thyroid nodules were detected on US exams. Of these 45 nodules, 35 nodules (72.9%) were categorized as benign (K-TIRADS category 2) on US exams. Fine needle aspiration was performed on 9 nodules according to the indications recommended by Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology. All except one high-suspicious thyroid nodule were confirmed as benign (Bethesda 2) on cytologic exams. One high-suspicious nodule on US showed a non-diagnostic result (Bethesda 1) on cytologic exam. However, this nodule collapsed after aspiration of thick colloid material. Conclusions: Our study showed that the most hyper-intense signal thyroid nodules detected on TOF-MRA were benign. Therefore, if a hyper-intense signal incidentaloma is found on TOF-MRA, further evaluation, especially invasive biopsy of the nodules could be suspended unless the patient had other symptoms or clinical factors suggesting the need for further evaluation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incidentaloma" title="incidentaloma">incidentaloma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20nodule" title=" thyroid nodule"> thyroid nodule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOF%20MR%20angiography" title=" TOF MR angiography"> TOF MR angiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93144/clinical-implication-of-hyper-intense-signal-thyroid-incidentaloma-on-time-of-flight-magnetic-resonance-angiography" class="btn btn-primary 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