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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuberov%C3%A1" title="Friederike Caroline Neuberová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuberová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1_%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ֆրիդերիկա Կարոլինա Նոյբեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրիդերիկա Կարոլինա Նոյբեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ფრედერიკე კაროლინე ნოიბერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრედერიკე კაროლინე ნოიბერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="فريدريك كارولين نيوبر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فريدريك كارولين نيوبر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нойбер, Фредерика Каролина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нойбер, Фредерика Каролина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber" title="Friederike Caroline Neuber – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Friederike Caroline Neuber" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German playwright and writer (1697–1760)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Friederike Caroline Neuber</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png/220px-Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png/330px-Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png/440px-Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_1898_Neuer_Theater-Almanch.png 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1111" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A posthumous (1898) depiction of Neuber</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Friederike Caroline Weissenborn</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1697-03-09</span>)</span>9 March 1697<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_im_Vogtland" title="Reichenbach im Vogtland">Reichenbach im Vogtland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Saxony" title="Electorate of Saxony">Electorate of Saxony</a>, Holy Roman Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1760<span style="display:none">(1760-11-30)</span> (aged 63)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">near <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Leubener Cemetery in Dresden</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Actress, theatre Director, actor-manager</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1718–1748</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Johann Neuber</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Friederike Caroline Neuber</b>, née <b>Friederike Caroline Weissenborn</b>, also known as <b>Friedericke Karoline Neuber</b>, <b>Frederika Neuber</b>, <b>Karoline Neuber</b>, <b>Carolina Neuber</b>, <b>Frau Neuber</b>, and <i><b>Die Neuberin</b></i> (9 March 1697 – 30 November 1760), was a <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> actress and theatre director. She is considered one of the most famous actresses and actor-managers in the history of the German theatre, "influential in the development of modern German theatre."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuber also worked to improve the social and artistic status of German actors and actresses, emphasizing <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(theatre)" title="Naturalism (theatre)">naturalistic technique</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During a time when theatrical managers in Germany were predominantly men, Caroline Neuber stands out in history as a remarkably ambitious woman who, during her 25-year career, was able to alter theatrical history, elevating the status of German theatre alongside of Germany's most important male theatrical leaders at the time, such as "her actor-manager husband Johann, the popular stage fool Johann Müller, the major actor of the next generation Johann Schönemann, the multi-talented newcomer <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a>, and principally, their de facto Dramaturg, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Gottsched</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_work">Life and work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neuberin_playbill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Neuberin_playbill.png/220px-Neuberin_playbill.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Neuberin_playbill.png/330px-Neuberin_playbill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Neuberin_playbill.png/440px-Neuberin_playbill.png 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2868" /></a><figcaption>Playbill of the theatrical company of Friederike Caroline Neuber from 8 September 1738 in Hamburg.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Friederike Caroline Weissenborn was born on 9 March 1697 in <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_im_Vogtland" title="Reichenbach im Vogtland">Reichenbach im Vogtland</a> to Daniel Weissenborn and his wife Anna Rosine Weissenborn, née Anna Rosine Wihelmine.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her father was a legal court inspector and her mother was very well-educated.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From her mother, Caroline learned reading, writing, and French. Her tyrannical father beat her mother until her mother's early death in 1705. Caroline spent the rest of her childhood with her father in <a href="/wiki/Zwickau" title="Zwickau">Zwickau</a> where she lived from 1702 to 1717.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allegedly, Caroline was unloved and neglected by her father who may have also beaten her; she had a scar on her face attributed to her father's beatings.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly, she attempted to escape her home as early as age 15. However, it was not until age 20, in 1717, that Caroline successfully ran away from home with <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Neuber" class="extiw" title="de:Johann Neuber">Johann Neuber</a>, a clerk who had worked for her father.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple married one year later in 1718. Together the Neubers "served their theatrical apprenticeship in the traveling companies of Christian Spiegelberg (1717–22) and Karl Caspar Haack (1722–25)."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Neuber_Theatrical_Troupe">The Neuber Theatrical Troupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Neuber Theatrical Troupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1727, she and her husband founded their own <a href="/wiki/Acting_troupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting troupe">acting troupe</a> which became a "training ground for some of the great actor-managers to come”.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year their company was "granted a patent by the elector of Saxony, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus_I_of_Saxony" title="Frederick Augustus I of Saxony">Frederick Augustus I</a>, to perform at the <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a> Easter Fair."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The troupe is recorded to have played in nineteen towns and cities as spread out as <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Strasburg,_Germany" title="Strasburg, Germany">Strasburg</a>, most often in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>, and Leipzig.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although no complete repertoire for the company exists there is an existing "detailed account of eight months in 1735, 8 April to 5 December" in which the troupe is listed to have performed "seventy-five 'Schauspiele' (a mixture of 'Tragödien' and 'Cömodien') in 203 performances."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, they are recorded to have performed ninety-three Nachspiele (a short play usually following a longer comedy or tragedy) in 107 performances during these eight months.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Neuber troupe has been described by historians as "a training ground for later principles" such as Heinrich Koch and Friedrich Schönemann, "each of whom founded his own troupe afterwards and enjoyed far more success than his mentor."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_J.C._Gottsched">Partnership with J.C. Gottsched</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Partnership with J.C. Gottsched"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as 1725, Neuber's acting technique had "attracted the attention of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Gottsched" title="Johann Christoph Gottsched">Johann Christoph Gottsched</a>, the critic and drama reformer who modeled his work on classical French tragedy and comedy."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout her career, she was active in the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_France" title="Theatre of France">French theatre</a> in Germany, and worked closely with Gottsched and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Luise_Gottsched" title="Luise Gottsched">Luise Gottsched</a>, to elevate the status of German theatre. Gottsched was the first to call her "Die Neuberin."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gottsched was important to the Neubers' company for he initiated in their company a "careful learning of parts and rehearsal for the heavily improvised <a href="/wiki/Farce" title="Farce">farces</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harlequinade" title="Harlequinade">harlequinades</a> that then dominated the German stage."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theatrical partnership between Caroline Neuber and Johann Gottsched lasted until 1739 and is "usually regarded as the turning point in the history of German theatre and the start of modern German acting."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Banishment_of_Harlekin/Hanswurst"><span id="Banishment_of_Harlekin.2FHanswurst"></span>Banishment of Harlekin/Hanswurst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Banishment of Harlekin/Hanswurst"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1736, Neuber came to Frankfurt with the intention to perform respectable theatre and set up her stage on the Liebfrauenberg.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Neubers pattern in 1736-7 was to play "major dramas of classical base of German imitations" while excluding the traditionally crude topics associated with the popular theatrical character <a href="/wiki/Harlekin" title="Harlekin">Harlekin</a> from their performances.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This demonstrated that a change in tone for theatre in Frankfurt was beginning, with the Neubers performances that were more respectable than the popular theatre revolving around Harlekin.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it took more than Neuber's resolve to "change the taste and demands of most audiences of the day."<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1737, Neuber symbolically banished <a href="/wiki/Hanswurst" title="Hanswurst">Hanswurst</a> from the stage as part of her efforts to elevate the status of German theatre. The staged banishment has generally been regarded as an emblematic moment in German theatre history for the transition from popular, improvised, so-called "Stegreiftheater" to a modern bourgeois literary mode.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These Hanswurt plays were created specifically for the enjoyment of male audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period it was becoming more acceptable for women to pursue work as actresses; however, it was still unacceptable for women to work as managers of theatrical companies.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theatre historians of the late eighteenth century often described Caroline Neuber as one who had a masculine spirit and manly ambitions in order to reconcile what they viewed as “the disparity between her professional achievements and her gender role.”<sup id="cite_ref-:3_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neuber died near <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, aged 63. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_Lessing">Partnership with Lessing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Partnership with Lessing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Caroline is attributed with discovering playwright <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessing</a>, often considered by historians to be the first <a href="/wiki/Dramaturge" title="Dramaturge">dramaturg</a>. After meeting Caroline, his interest in theatre grew. He translated several French plays for her and eventually wrote his first play, <i>The Young Scholar</i> which Neuber produced for him in 1748.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg/220px-Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg/330px-Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg/440px-Grab_Friederike_Caroline_Neuber_Dresden-Leuben.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2324" data-file-height="1668" /></a><figcaption>Friederike Caroline Neuber grave in the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuben" class="extiw" title="de:Leuben">Leubener</a> cemetery in Dresden</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caroline_Neuber_(play)"><span id="Caroline_Neuber_.28play.29"></span><i>Caroline Neuber</i> (play)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Caroline Neuber (play)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Caroline Neuber</i>, called <i>Die Neubrin</i> in many of its productions, is a biographical play written by <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Keindorff" title="Eberhard Keindorff">Eberhard Keindorff</a> and <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Weisenborn" title="Günther Weisenborn">Gunther Weisenborn</a> about Caroline Neuber's life.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was created for actress <a href="/wiki/Agnes_Straub" title="Agnes Straub">Agnes Straub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Caroline Neuber</i> premiered in the 1934/35 season in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">The Third Reich</a> and was written as "the government consolidated its power and generated arts bureaucracies to oversee the publication, production, and response to plays."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The play was permitted publication in 1934 and premiered in Berlin in 1935. <i>Caroline Neuber</i> is unusual for its era, in which German theatre was censored by the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a>, for the content of the play "challenges some of the basic cultural prejudices of the Third Reich."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caroline_Neuber.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Caroline_Neuber.JPG/220px-Caroline_Neuber.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Caroline_Neuber.JPG/330px-Caroline_Neuber.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Caroline_Neuber.JPG/440px-Caroline_Neuber.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1246" data-file-height="1345" /></a><figcaption>Caroline Neuber monument in Dresden-<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laubegast" class="extiw" title="de:Laubegast">Laubegast</a></figcaption></figure><p> By this point in history, Caroline Neuber was seen by theatre professionals as an important theatrical reformer of the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this Keindorff and Weisenborn crafted a play about her life that served as a means for audiences to compare Neuber's reformation to the Nazi-directed theatrical reformation and thus, critique Nazi-theatre appropriately.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When analyzed, <i>Caroline Neuber</i> is interpreted as "a condemnation of the Third Reich itself." However, for those who had the power to censor theatre, Neuber's biography play was seen simply as a play about a famous actor, manager, and reformer that "complimented National Socialist reforms of the stage."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Nazis were initiating reforms to create what they saw as "new, honest, noble, wonderful German theatre."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this to "the general audience <i>Die Neuberin</i> was star biography; for the preferred audience, the reform stage of the past collided with the reforming stage of the present."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caroline Neuber's legacy as not only an actress/manager but a reformer of the German stage served as a vehicle for Germans to learn from the past and critique the present.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caroline_Neuber_Prize">Caroline Neuber Prize</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Caroline Neuber Prize"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This award commemorates Neuber's theatrical contributions to Germany. Since 1998, the city of Leipzig awards the Caroline Neuber Prize endowed with €6,000 every two years on her birthday in March.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prize is awarded to a female theatre artist from a German-speaking country who sets new standards for excellence in theatre arts. Those who have been honored with the prize include Monika Gintersdorfer, <a href="/wiki/Jutta_Hoffmann" title="Jutta Hoffmann">Jutta Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inge_Keller" title="Inge Keller">Inge Keller</a>, Konstanze Lauterbach, <a href="/wiki/Nele_Hertling" title="Nele Hertling">Nele Hertling</a>, Karin Henkel, <a href="/wiki/Sasha_Waltz" title="Sasha Waltz">Sasha Waltz</a>, and Ann-Elisabeth Wolff.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Neuber">"Caroline Neuber: German actress and manager"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Caroline+Neuber%3A+German+actress+and+manager&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCaroline-Neuber&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriederike+Caroline+Neuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharpe,_Lesley_1995_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sharpe, Lesley. "Reform Of the German Theatre: Frau Neuber & Frau Gottsched." Women in European Theatre. Ed. Elizabeth Woodrough. Oxford: Intellect, 1995. N. pag. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gladberry, Glen W. "Stages of Reform: Caroline Neuber/Die Neuberin in the Third Reich." <i>Essays on Twentieth-Century German Drama and Theater: An American Reception 1977-1999</i>. Ed. Hellmut H. Rennert. New York: P. Lang, 2004. 167-75. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Kümmel: <i>With Anger and Courage.</i> In: <i>DIE ZEIT,</i> No. 48 (English translation from German) (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeit.de/2010/48/Theater-Neuberin/komplettansicht">online</a>, accessed 11 April 2016)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn1991" class="citation book cs1">John, David Gethin (1991). <i>The German Nachspiel in the Eighteenth Century</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+German+Nachspiel+in+the+Eighteenth+Century&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=David+Gethin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriederike+Caroline+Neuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJürs-Munby" class="citation book cs1">Jürs-Munby, Karen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4232/1/download.pdf"><i>Hanswurst and Herr Ich: Subjection and Abjection in Enlightenment Censorship of the Comic Figure</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 125.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hanswurst+and+Herr+Ich%3A+Subjection+and+Abjection+in+Enlightenment+Censorship+of+the+Comic+Figure&rft.pages=125&rft.aulast=J%C3%BCrs-Munby&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lancs.ac.uk%2F4232%2F1%2Fdownload.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriederike+Caroline+Neuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jurs-Munby, Karen. "Performing the Modern Self: German and French Discourses on Acting in the Enlightenment." Order No. 9983582 University of Minnesota, 2000. Ann Arbor: <i>ProQuest.</i> Web. 13 April 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/kunst-und-kultur/kunst-und-kulturpreise/caroline-neuber-preis/">"Caroline Neuber Prize"</a>. <i>Stadt Leipzig</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Leipzig&rft.atitle=Caroline+Neuber+Prize&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leipzig.de%2Ffreizeit-kultur-und-tourismus%2Fkunst-und-kultur%2Fkunst-und-kulturpreise%2Fcaroline-neuber-preis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriederike+Caroline+Neuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/kunst-und-kultur/kunst-und-kulturpreise/caroline-neuber-preis/bisherige-preistraegerinnen/">"Caroline Neuber Prize – Bisherige Preisträgerinnen"</a>. <i>Stadt Leipzig</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Leipzig&rft.atitle=Caroline+Neuber+Prize+%E2%80%93+Bisherige+Preistr%C3%A4gerinnen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leipzig.de%2Ffreizeit-kultur-und-tourismus%2Fkunst-und-kultur%2Fkunst-und-kulturpreise%2Fcaroline-neuber-preis%2Fbisherige-preistraegerinnen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFriederike+Caroline+Neuber" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friederike_Caroline_Neuber&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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